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Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology the Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology

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Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology the Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology Archaeology and Biblical Studies Tammi Schneider, Editor Number 15 The Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology THE PHILISTINES AND OTHER “SEA PEOPLES” IN TEXT AND ARCHAEOLOGY edited by Ann E. Killebrew and Gunnar Lehmann Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta, Georgia THE PHILISTINES AND OTHER “SEA PEOPLES” IN TEXT AND ARCHAEOLOGY Copyright © 2013 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Philistines and other “sea peoples” in text and archaeology / edited by Ann E. Killebrew and Gunnar Lehmann. p. cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature Archaeology and biblical studies ; v. 15) “This volume developed out of a 2001 workshop devoted to the Philistines and other Sea Peoples, which was co-organized by Ann E. Killebrew, Gunnar Lehmann, Michal Artzy, and Rachel Hachlili, and co-sponsored by the University of Haifa and the Ben Gurion University of the Negev”—Introd. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-58983-129-2 (paper binding : acid-free paper) 1. Philistines—Antiquities. 2. Sea Peoples—Mediterranean Region—History. 3. Iron age—Mediterranean Region. 4. Social archaeology—Mediterranean Region—History. 5. Bible. O.T.—History of Biblical events. 6. Mediterranean Region—Antiquities. I. Killebrew, Ann E. II. Lehmann, Gunnar. III. Society of Bib- lical Literature. DS90.P55 2013 938’.01—dc23 2012033937 Printed on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence. C!"#$"#% When the Past Was New: Moshe Dothan (1919–1999), an Appreciation Neil Asher Silberman ix Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii I!"#$%&'"($! 1. The World of the Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” 1 Ann E. Killebrew and Gunnar Lehmann T)* P)(+(,"(!*, (! T*-" .!% A#').*$+$/0 2. The Philistines in the Bible: A Short Rejoinder to a New Perspective 19 Itamar Singerlyyz 3. Mycenaean IIIC:1 Pottery in Philistia: Four Decades of Research 29 Trude Dothan and David Ben-Shlomo 4. Philistines and Egyptians in Southern Coastal Canaan during the Early Iron Age 37 Tristan J. Barako 5. The Mycenaean IIIC Pottery at Tel Miqne-Ekron 53 Penelope A. Mountjoy 6. Early Philistine Pottery Technology at Tel Miqne-Ekron: Implications for the Late Bronze–Early Iron Age Transition in the Eastern Mediterranean 77 Ann E. Killebrew 7. Philistine Lion-Headed Cups: Aegean or Anatolian? 131 Linda Meiberg 8. A Few Tomb Groups from Tell el-Far‘ah South 145 Sabine Laemmel -v- vi PHILISTINES AND OTHER “SEA PEOPLES” 9. Philistia Transforming: Fresh Evidence from Tell es- Sfi/Gath on the Transformational Trajectory of the Philistine Culture 191 Aren M. Maeir 10. Neighbors and Foes, Rivals and Kin: Philistines, Shepheleans, Judeans between Geography and Economy, History and Theology 243 Hermann Michael Niemann T)* O")*# “S*. P*$1+*,” (! ")* L*2.!" 11. Aegean-Style Pottery in Syria and Lebanon during Iron Age I 265 Gunnar Lehmann 12. On the Other “Sea Peoples” 329 Michal Artzy 13. The Origin and Date of Aegean-Type Pottery in the Levant 345 Elizabeth French 14. “Mycenaean IIIC” and Related Pottery from Beth Shean 349 Susan Sherratt and Amihai Mazar, with an Appendix by Anat Cohen-Weinberger 15. The SKL Town: Dor in the Early Iron Age 393 Ilan Sharon and Ayelet Gilboa A!."$+(., ")* A*/*.!, .!% C01#&, 16. “No Land Could Stand Before Their Arms, from Hatti … on …”? New Light on the End of the Hittite Empire and the Early Iron Age in Central Anatolia 469 Hermann Genz 17. Cilicia 479 Elizabeth French 18. Early Iron Age Newcomers at Kinet Höyük, Eastern Cilicia 485 Marie-Henriette Gates 19. The Southeast Aegean in the Age of the Sea Peoples 509 Mario Benzi 20. Aegean Elements in the Earliest Philistine Ceramic Assemblage: A View from the West 543 Jeremy B. Rutter 21. The Late LH IIIB and LH IIIC Early Pottery of the East Aegean– West Anatolian Interface 563 Penelope A. Mountjoy CONTENTS vii 22. Aegean-Style Material Culture in Late Cypriot III: Minimal Evidence, Maximal Interpretation 585 Maria Iacovou 23. The Ceramic Phenomenon of the “Sea Peoples”: An Overview 619 Susan Sherratt A11*!%(- 24. The “Sea Peoples” in Primary Sources 645 Matthew J. Adams and Margaret E. Cohen Bibliography 665 Subject Index 739 A//,$5.'#.!"% AA Archäologischer Anzeiger AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. New York, 1992. ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AEL Ancient Egyptian Literature. M. Lichtheim. 3 vols. Berkeley, 1973–1980. AEO Ancient Egyptian Onomastica. A. H. Gardiner. 3 vols. London, 1947. AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJBA Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Edited by J. B. Pritchard. 3rd ed. Princeton, 1969. AnSt Anatolian Studies AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AoF Altorientalische Forschungen ARAB Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia. Daniel David Luckenbill. 2 vols. Chicago, 1926–1927. ARE Ancient Records of Egypt. Edited by J. H. Breasted. 5 vols. Chicago, 1905–1907. Reprint, New York, 1962. ASAE Annales du service des antiquités de l’Egypte ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research Atiqot ‘Atiqot BA Biblical Archaeologist BANEA British Association for Near Eastern Archaeology BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BAR British Archaeological Reports BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BIES Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society BK Bibel und Kirche BKAT Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament. Edited by M. Noth and H. W. Wol6. BN Biblische Notizen CANE Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Edited by J. M. -xvii- xviii PHILISTINES AND OTHER “SEA PEOPLES” Sasson. 4 vols. New York, 1995. CRAI Comptes rendus de l’Académie des inscriptions et belles- lettres CTH Catalogue des texts hittites. Edited by E. Laroche. Paris, 1971. EA El-Amarna tablets. According to the edition of J. A. Knudtzon. Die el-Amarna-Tafeln. Leipzig, 1908–1915. Reprint, Aalen, 1964. Continued in A. F. Rainey, El- Amarna Tablets, 359–379. 2nd revised ed. Kevelaer, 1978. ErIsr Eretz-Israel FM Furumark Motif FS Furumark Shape HO Handbuch der Orientalistik IEJ Israel Exploration Journal IstMitt Istanbuler Mitteilungen JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Gezelschap (Genootschap) Ex oriente lux JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series KAI Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschri!en. H. Donner and W. Röllig. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1966–1969. KBo Keilschri!texte aus Boghazköi. WVDOG 30, 36, 68–70, 72–73, 77–80, 82–86, 89–90. Leipzig, 1916– KTU Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Edited by M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín. AOAT 24. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1976. 2nd enlarged ed. of KTU: "e Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani, and Other Places. Edited by M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín. Münster, 1995 (= CTU). KUB Keilschri!urkunden aus Boghazköi MDAIK Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellscha! MVAG Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-ägyptischen Gesellscha!. Vols. 1–44. 1896–1939. NABU Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires NEA Near Eastern Archaeology NEAEHL "e New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Edited by E. Stern. 4 vols. Jerusalem, 1993. ABBREVIATIONS xix OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OIP Oriental Institute Publications OJA Oxford Journal of Archaeology OLA Orientalia lovaniensia analecta OLP Orientalia lovaniensia periodica Or Orientalia (NS) PEFQS Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PRU Le palais royal d’Ugarit Qad Qadmoniot QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine RAr Revue archéologique RB Revue biblique RDAC Report of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Edited by K. Galling. 7 vols. 3rd ed. Tübingen, 1957–1965. RS Ras Shamra SAOC Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations SBL Society for Biblical Literature SCIEM 7e Synchronisation of Civilisations of the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. SHCANE Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East SIMA Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici TA Tel Aviv TGI Textbuch zur Geschichte Israels. Edited by K. Galling. 2nd ed. Tübingen, 1968. TUAT Texte aus der Umwelt des alten Testaments. Edited by O. Kaiser. Gütersloh, 1984–. TZ "eologische Zeitschri! UF Ugarit-Forschungen VAB Vorderasiatische Bibliothek VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WMANT Wissenscha8liche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament YCS Yale Classical Studies ZÄS Zeitschri! für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde ZDPV Zeitschri! des deutschen Palästina-Vereins When the Past Was New: Moshe Dothan (1919–1999), an Appreciation Neil Asher Silberman* Moshe Dothan was my most important teacher, though he never gave me a writ- ten examination and I never attended any course he taught. From 1972 to 1976, I worked as his assistant at the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums in Jerusalem’s Rockefeller Museum, working on the publication of his Ashdod exca- vations and participating in the beginnings of his ambitious Tel Akko dig. It was a time that now seems so distant. Archaeology in Israel was still living in the warm afterglow of its Yadin-esque heyday; extensive excavations around the Temple Mount and the Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem were still underway.
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