Western Social Science Association 61st Annual Conference April 24 – 27, 2019 San Diego, California WSSA 61st Annual Conference Acknowledgements Dianne Berry Program Editor Kate Herke, Louisiana Office of Student Financial Assistance (Retired) WSSA Conference Manager and Communications Director Larry A. Gould, Northern Arizona University WSSA Executive Director, Conference Arrangements Kristi Connelly & Justus Collins, Omni Press, Madison, WI Program and Mobile App Production Gregory Seepersad, Manchester Grand Hyatt San Diego Event Planning Manager Michèle Companion, University of Colorado Colorado Springs Program Support Barbara Bonnekessen, Pittsburg State University Program Support Matt Molenar MGM Design, Web Design i Welcome! Dear Social Science Colleagues: Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................... i Welcome one and all to the 2019 Western Social Science Association Presidents Welcome ..................... ii Annual Meeting we are hosting in lovely San Diego. At the risk of About the WSSA ......................... iii sounding like a carnival mark, “have we got a show for you!” As I welcome Future Conferences .................... iv you as the president of WSSA, I am reminded fondly of how I became Program at a Glance .................... v involved in the organization. As a graduate student many years ago, I WSSA Give Back ........................ vii attended the annual meetings held in Reno, Nevada, and in my WSSA Spotlight Organization.... viii interaction with Ed Williams, a very accomplished scholar doing great Awards ....................................... ix border research, Ed noted to me, “careful, you most likely will end up as Section Coordinators ................... x President one day!” Ed, you are right! Over the last 20 years, I have been an active member of the WSSA, and its borderland section, the African and African American Association for Borderlands Scholars. In my arc with these groups, I Studies ........................................ 1 American Indian Studies ............. 2 remember Jim Peach advising, “you really should get involved with the American Studies ........................ 7 WSSA Board, a great way to keep the WSSA and ABS connected and to Anthropology ............................... 8 give back to the WSSA.” After two stints on the Board and one term as Arid Lands Studies and Geography Vice President, you all elected me as President Elect. It was an honor last .................................................... 9 year to transition to the President of this great group. On with the show! Asian Studies ............................ 10 Association for Borderlands This year’s conference promises to be one of the most highly attended and Studies (ABS) ............................. 14 quality events in our history. At press time, we had a total of 1,005 Canadian Studies ...................... 43 individual papers, 252 separate session panels, and the large block of Chicano, Latino, Hispanic Studies rooms at the Hyatt Manchester sold out at the earliest date we have ever .................................................. 46 experienced. As people that have attended past WSSA conferences can Chronic Disease and Disability .. 52 attest, we truly are an inclusive, warm, and supporting group. Literally Communication Studies ............ 56 hundreds of people with a passion for applied social science research Criminal Justice and Criminology have found a home here, and our work is especially relevant to many of .................................................. 59 the challenges that the world currently faces. To highlight our potential Economics: Association for contribution to solving these challenges, I have organized a Institutional Thought ................. 61 transdisciplinary roundtable that goes off at 8am on Thursday, “Making Economics: Business and Finance the case for the relevance of social science in addressing current global, .................................................. 69 national, and regional challenges.” I hope to see you “early birds” there. Economics: General ................... 70 Environmental Policy and Natural Resources Management ............. 75 Ok, but what about the conference venue, the Manchester Grand Hyatt, Globalization and Development . 80 and the great town of San Diego? Thanks to the heroic efforts of Larry A. History....................................... 81 Gould, our Executive Director, we are visiting one of the finest Hyatt Latin American Studies ............. 84 properties in the US; what a grand place this is! As noted in the article I Mass Communication .............. 103 contributed to the Spring 2019 Newsletter, “What I can see from my New Zealand and Australia Studies window?” wonderful sights and flavors are literally outside the door of the ................................................ 107 hotel. In our advance trip last fall, I was reminded fondly of what a great Political Science ....................... 108 time I had living in San Diego while completing my PhD. Perhaps we can Public Administration .............. 112 visit some of my old haunts; please connect with me at the conference, Public Finance and Budgeting . 118 and “off we go!” As to getting around in town, no shortage of options Rural and Agricultural Studies 123 awaits you – dockless bikeshares, “those darn, but fun scooters,” the Slavic and Eurasian Studies .... 126 world-famous San Diego Trolley, horse drawn carriages, bike rickshaws, a Social Psychology .................... 130 host of the other public transit links, and of course, your own 2 feet – Social Work ............................. 131 what a great place to have a walkabout! Sociology ................................. 135 Transdisciplinary Studies ........ 137 I close with my heartfelt thanks to Debra D. Andrist, WSSA President Union for Radical Political Elect and Conference Chair, and Dianne Berry, WSSA Program Editor, for Economics ............................... 138 working their magic of pulling the program together. I also offer similar Urban Studies ......................... 140 Women’s and Gender Studies .. 142 thanks to Kate Herke and Larry A. Gould for all their “behind the scenes Poster Session ......................... 150 magic” that makes the conference and the WSSA the great things they are! Bienvenidos al San Diego! Index of Participants ................ 151 ii WSSA 61st Annual Conference Scholarship, Service, and Collegiality Western Social Science Association The Western Social Science Association (formerly the Rocky Mountain Social Science Association) was founded in 1958 when the Social Sciences Section of the Colorado- Wyoming Academy of Science was reconstituted as an independent organization. On January 1, 1975, the name was changed to the Western Social Science Association (WSSA) to reflect the geographical representation of the Association. The purpose of the WSSA is to foster professional study, to advance research, and to promote the teaching of the social sciences. Membership is open to all who share its aims. The WSSA publishes the Social Science Journal, a newsletter, and an annual program and abstracts for the conference. Several affiliated organizations meet concurrently with the WSSA and share in developing the program. For more information contact: Larry A. Gould, Executive Director Professor Emeritus, NAU 2307 Chof Trail Flagstaff, AZ 86005 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (928) 606-2248 WSSA Officers President: Christopher Brown, New Mexico State University Immediate Past-President: Barbara Bonnekessen, Pittsburg State University President-Elect: Debra D. Andrist, Sam Houston State University Vice President/Secretary: Diane Calloway-Graham, Utah State University Executive Council Members 2012-2010 Moises Díaz (2019), Utah State Univeristy Mark Melichar (2019), Tennessee Technical University William C. Schaniel (2019), University of West Georgia (Retired) Karen Jarratt-Snider (2020), Northern Arizona University Jesús Ruíz-Flores (2020), Universidad de Guadalajara, at La Ciénega Meghna Sabharwal (2020), University of Texas at Dallas Jessica Clark (2021), Western Wyoming Community College Monica S. Gallamore (2021), Collin College Stephen Mumme (2021), Colorado State University Ex-Officio Council Members Larry A. Gould, Executive Director, Northern Arizona University Krista Minnotte and Daphne Pederson, Editors/Social Science Journal, University of North Dakota Chelsea Schelly, Book Review Editor, Social Science Journal, Michigan Technical University Kate Herke, Communications Director, Louisiana Office of Student Financial Assistance (Retired) Nina Burkardt, Association Archivist, United States Geological Survey iii Join Us Next Year in Portland, OR! Western Social Science Association April 1 – 4, 2020 Marriott Downtown Waterfront Plan now to join us for another great meeting in Portland! We have negotiated an amazing room rate at this fabulous hotel, relative to the area, to keep the costs down for scholars! The Western Social Science Association invites proposals for presentations at the 62nd Annual Conference. Proposals for complete panels and individual papers, as well as posters, are welcome. You can submit your proposal through the WSSA website (www.wssaweb.com). Click on the “Sections” options, identify the section that most fits with your topic, and submit only to that one section. If you are having difficulty trying to identify the best fit for your abstract, please contact the section coordinators directly. Their contact information can be