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Chapters 4-8 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 265 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 265 Colored Figure Legends Chapters 4-8 4.1-1 – Northern Israel with Galilee and transversal 5.3-3(b) and (c) – Jordan Calcareous Serozems YDOOH\VVDWHOOLWHLPDJHU\ ZLWKSHUPLVVLRQRI'U formed on Lisan marl; some marl layers contain John K. Hall, GSI Report GSI/14/2000, and @ gypsum; note the orange colored lower part of 2000 ROHR Productions Ltd. and C.N.E.S.). the marl in (c), suggesting reducing conditions. 4.2-1 – Terraced limestone landscape with olive groves on Terra Rossa soils, from Samaria (with 6.1-1 – Eastern Galilee, western Golan Heights, with permission of Albatross Ltd.). Lake Kinneret; note bathymetry contours in the D ± 7HUUD 5RVVD SUR¿OH IRUPHG RQ (RFHQH ODNHVDWHOOLWHLPDJHU\ ZLWKSHUPLVVLRQRI'U-RKQ limestone from the Upper Galilee. K. Hall, GSI Report GSI/17/2000 and @ 2000 4.2-2(b,c,d) – Terra Rossa soils on Eocene limestone ROHR Productions Ltd. and C.N.E.S.). from the Upper Galilee. 6.2-2(a) – View of western slopes of basaltic Golan 4.3-1 – Landscape of Eocene and Senonian hills built Heights; in right foreground plantation on of chalk and partly covered by Nari (note boulders colluvium (with permission of Albatross Ltd.). in foreground), with Pale and Brown Rendzina 6.2-2(b) – ProtoVertisol (shallow Vertisol) on basalt soils; intensively cultivated terraced colluvial soils from the eastern Galilee. in the valley. Jerusalem foothills. 6.2-2(c) – Red Mediterranean soil on scoria basalt; 4.3-2(a,b) – Brown Rendzina soils on Nari. northern Golan Heights. 4.3-3(a) – Pale Rendzina soils on Senonian chalk from 6.3-1(a) – Volcanic cone (Tel Shipon) build of basic WKH-HUXVDOHPIRRWKLOOVQRWHWKH$&W\SHSUR¿OH pyroclastics and scoria; northern Golan Heights. 4.3-3(b) – Pale Rendzina soils on Senonian chalk near E ±'ROPHQEXLOGRIEDVDOWVODEVFHQWUDO*RODQ Safed, Upper Galilee; note the dark chert layer in Heights. lower half of picture. 6.3-2(a) – Red Mediterranean soil formed on strongly 4.3-3 – Pale Rendzina soil with cypress tree, on weathered pyroclastics (tuff and tuff-lapilli); Senonian chalk; near Safed, Upper Galilee. northern Golan Heights. 6.3-2(b) – Brown Mediterranean soil formed 5.1-1 – Landscape from the Yizreel Valley with on strongly weathered pyroclastics Vertisols (with permission of Albatross Ltd.). (mainly tuff); northern Golan Heights. D ±9HUWLVROIRUPHG RQ ¿QHJUDLQHG DOOXYLXP in the Shefela. 7.1-1(a) – Hamra paleosols, central Coastal Plain; E ±1RQ&DOFDUHRXV9HUWLVROIRUPHGRQ¿QH note the modern sandy Regosol (incipient Hamra grained alluvium in the Yizreel Valley; note large formation) formed on dune sand that covers the B slickenside in the lower part of the picture. horizon of a Hamra paleosol. 5.3-1 – Eastern part of central mountain range with 7.1-1(b) – Kurkar (aeolianite) ridge that covers B -RUGDQ 9DOOH\ DQG QRUWKHUQ WLS RI 'HDG 6HD horizon of a Hamra paleosol; Central Coastal VDWHOOLWHLPDJHU\ ZLWKSHUPLVVLRQRI'U-RKQ. Plain. Hall, GSI Report GSI/6/2000 and @ 2000 ROHR 7.1-1(c) – Modern sandy Regosol covering B horizon Productions Ltd. and C.N.E.S.). of a Hamra paleosol; Central Coastal Plain. 5.3-2(a) – View of the densely vegetated, lowermost 7.1-1(d) – Shallow Loessial Serozem covering B "Zor" terrace, Jordan River and terraced Lisan marl horizon of Hamra paleosol; north-western Negev; cliffs; looking eastwards. note carbonate nodules in the Hamra paleosol, 5.3-2(b) – Jordan Calcareous Serozem on Lisan marl, derived from CaCO3 leached from the loess and western shore, in the northern Jordan Valley. Serozem. 5.3-2(c) – Jordan Calcareous Serozem on Lisan marl; 7.2-1(a) – Basaltic paleosol sandwiched in-between details as in 5.3-2(b). WZR(DUO\3OHLVWRFHQHEDVDOWÀRZVIURPWKH(DVWHUQ 5.3-3(a) – Jordan River south of Lake Kinneret; the Galilee. natural vegetation growing on young alluvial soils E ±'HWDLOIURP D QRWHWKHXSSHUIULWWHG had been cleared (with permission of Albatross portion of the basaltic paleosol; free Fe oxides had Ltd.). all been hematitized. 266 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 F ± 'HHS EDVDOWLFSDOHRVROIURP WKHQRUWKHUQ 8.1 – Map (1:2,000,000) showing distribution of Golan Heights. soils affected by salinity in Israel; compiled by 7.2-1(d) – Basaltic paleosol from the western slopes Ravikovitch, 1992. of the southern Golan Heights; note rich calcium carbonate veins below the paleosol, presumably provening from the weathering of the upper basalt. Color Figs Chapters 4-8 267 Col. Fig.4.1-1 268 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.4.2-1 Col. Fig.4.2-2(a) Col. Fig.4.2-2(b) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 269 Col. Fig.4.2-2(c) Col. Fig.4.2-2(d) Col. Fig.4.3-1 270 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.4.3-2(a) Col. Fig.4.3-2(b) Col. Fig.4.3-3(a) Col. Fig.4.3-3(b) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 271 Col. Fig.4.3-3 272 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.5.1 Col. Fig.5.2-1(a) Col. Fig.5.2-1(b) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 273 Col. Fig.5.3-1 274 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.5.3-2(a) Col. Fig.5.3-2(b) Col. Fig.5.3-2(b) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 275 Col. Fig.5.3-3(a) Col. Fig.2.2-2(a) 276 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.6.1-1 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 277 Col. Fig.6.2-2(a) Col. Fig.6.2-2(b) Col. Fig.6.2-2(c) 278 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.6.3-1(a) Col. Fig.6.3-1(b) Col. Fig.6.3-2(a) Col. Fig.6.3-2(b) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 279 Col. Fig.7.1-1(a) Col. Fig.7.1-1(b) Col. Fig.7.1-1(c) Col. Fig.7.1-1(d) 280 Color Figs Chapters 4-8 Col. Fig.7.2-1(a) Col. Fig.7.2-1(b) Col. Fig.7.2-1(c) Col. Fig.7.2-1(d) Color Figs Chapters 4-8 281 Col. Fig.8.1 References Agassi, M., Morin, J. and Shainberg, I. (1982): Amit, R. and Gerson, R. (1986): The evolution of /DERUDWRU\VWXGLHVRILQ¿OWUDWLRQDQGUXQRIIFRQWURO Holocene Reg (gravelly) soils in deserts – an in semi-arid soils in Israel. Geoderma 28, 345-356. H[DPSOHIURPWKH'HDG6HDUHJLRQ&DWHQD Alaily, F. (1993): Soil association and land suitability 79. PDSVRIWKH:HVWHUQ'HVHUW6:(J\SWS $PLW5*HUVRQ5DQG<DDORQ'+ 6WDJHV In: Meissner, B., Wycisk, P. (eds.). Geopotential and rate of the gravel shattering process by salts in and Ecology – Analysis of a desert region. Catena desert Reg soils. Geoderma 57, 295-324. Supplement 26. Amit, R. and Harrison, J.B. (1995): Biogenic Alperovitch, N. and Marcu, J. (1968): Solonetzic calcic horizon development under extremely arid Grumusol in the Jordan Valley. K'tavim 18, 95-101 conditions, Nizzana sand dunes, Israel. Advances in (in Hebrew). GeoEcology 28, 65-88. Alperovitch, N. and Mor, A. (1968): Solonetzic $VKEHO ' (YLDWDU ( 'RURQ ( *DQRU ( DQG Grumusol in the Bet She’an Valley. K'tavim 18, Agmon, V. (1965): Soil temperature in different 135-141 (in Hebrew). latitudes and different climates. Internal Publ. of the $OSHURYLWFK1DQG'DQ- 6RGLXPDIIHFWHG Hebrew University of Jerusalem. soils in the Jordan Valley. Geoderma 8, 37-57. Atalay, I. (1997): Red Mediterranean Soils in some $OSHURYLWFK 1 DQG 'DQ - &KHPLFDO DQG karstic regions of Taurus mountains, Turkey. Catena geomorphological comparison of two types of 28, 247-260. loessial crusts in the Central Negev (Israel). Israel $XEHUW* &ODVVL¿FDWLRQGHVVROVXWLOLVHHSDU J. Agr. Res. 23, 13-19. les pedologues Francais. In: World Soil Resources $OSHURYLWFK10RVKH5DQG'DQ- 7KH Report 32, FAO, Rome, p. 78-94. SURSHUWLHV RI %HW 1LU VRLOV DQG WKHLU LQÀXHQFH RQ Avni, Y. (2004): Rock, landscape and men in the High wheat yields under dryland conditions. The Volcani Negev Plateau, in the course of the past 2 million Institute of Agricultural Research. Pamphlet No. \HDUV&RQI(DUWK6FL'D\'DYLGVRQ 143 (English summary). Institute of Science Education and Israel Geological Amiel, A. (1965): Soils of the Southern Shefela Coastal Society, p. 5-18. Plain, their formation, properties and distribution. Avni, Y. and Porat, N. (2002): Environmental effects 3K'7KHVLV+HEUHZ8QLYHUVLW\RI-HUXVDOHP LQ of Pleistocene sediment erosion on the High Negev. Hebrew). Geol. Survey of Israel Publ. GSI/1/2002. Geological Amiel, A. and Ravikovitch, S. (1966): The Survey, Jerusalem. differentiation between parent materials of alluvial Avni, Y. and Avni, G. (2005): The role of climatic and aeolian origin and the differentiation of soils change in the Byzantine-Early Islamic transition: derived from them in the southern coastal plain of the case of the Negev Highland. In: Israel Geol. Israel. Trans. Int. Conf. Medit. Soils, Madrid, p. 7- Soc. Ann. Meeting. Abstracts. 9 p. 20. Avnimelech, M. (1953): History of the soils in Amiel, A. and Friedman, G. (1971): Continental the Coastal Plain of Israel. Israel Expl. Society, 6DENKDLQ$UDYD9DOOH\EHWZHHQWKH'HDG6HDDQG Jerusalem, 2, 67-70. WKH5HG6HD6LJQL¿FDQFHIRURULJLQRIHYDSRUDWHV Atlas of Israel (1985): Ministry of Housing (3rd edn.). Am. Assoc. Petrol Geol. Bull. 55, 581-592. Amiel, A., Nameri, M. and Magaritz, M. (1986): Banin, A. (1967): Tactoid formation in montmorillonite: ,QÀXHQFHRILQWHQVLYHFXOWLYDWLRQDQGLUULJDWLRQRQ effect on ion exchange kinetics. Science 15, 71-72. exchangeable cations and soil properties: a case Banin, A. and Amiel, A. (1970): The correlative study study in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Soil Science 142, of the chemical and physical properties of a group 223-228. of natural soils of Israel. Geoderma 3, 185-198. $PLUDQ ' 6HOHFWHG *HRJUDSKLF 5HJLRQV Baldwin, H., Kellog, C.E.
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