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El Rey Arturo, La Reina Doña Ginebra Y Lanzarote Del Lago, Desmenuzados

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El Rey Arturo, La Reina Doña Ginebra Y Lanzarote Del Lago, Desmenuzados 2 El rey Arturo, la reina doña Ginebra y Lanzarote del Lago, desmenuzados Manuel Palazón Blasco 3 4 5 6 Índice El rey Arturo, la reina doña Ginebra y Lanzarote del Lago, desmenuzados Preambular, 11 . I. Historia general de las historias primeras (y segundas) que contaron a Arturo (y a Ginebra, mi señora) (y a Lanzarote del Lago, su amigo), 15 . 1. Céltica, 17 . -- 1. 1. Prólogo, 17 . -- 1. 2. Arturos que contaron en Irlanda, 19 . -- 1. 3. Armes Prydein , 24 . -- 1. 4. Gwawrddur y Arthur, 25 . -- 1. 5. En la batalla de Llongborth, 29 . -- 1. 6. Profetas de Arturo, 30 . -- 1. 7. Arturo, “el Bendito”, 31 . -- 1. 8. Importancia de los hijos de Uthr Pandragon, 32 . -- 1. 9. de tres en tres, 33 . -- 1. 10. Los Mabinogion , 38 . 2. Mester de clerecía, 49 . -- 2. 1. Prólogo, 49 . -- 2. 2. Gildas no dice, 50 . -- 2. 3. Nenio sí dijo, 54 . -- 2. 4. Añales de Cambria , 58 . -- 2. 5. Desde Galfrido de Monemuta, 59 . -- 2. 6. Brutos , 75 . -- 2. 7. Guillermo de Malmesbury, 81 . -- 2. 8. Según Giraldo de Cambria, 82 . -- 2. 9. Arturo en las Vidas de santos , 86 . 3. María de Francia. El lai de Lanval , 91 . 4. Cristiano de Troya, Romances , 97 . -- 4. 1. Introducción, 97 . -- Los cuatro romances , 103 . 5. La Materia de Bretaña , en Alemania, 133 . -- 5. 1. Introducción, 133 . -- 5. 2. Arturo y Ginebra, en el Parzival de Wolfram von Eschenbach, 134 . -- 5. 3. Cerca del Lanzelet de Ulrich von Zatzikhoven, 138 . -- 5. 4. Según Heinrich von dem Türlin, 166 . 6. Ciclo de la Vulgata , 171 . -- 6. 1. Introducción, 171 . -- 6. 2. Partes e historia de su escritura, 172 . -- 6. 3. Según Merlín: Principios de Arturo (y de Ginebra), 176 . -- 6. 4. Libro de Lanzarote (y de su señora y amiga, la reina doña Ginebra) (y, un poquito, del rey Arturo), 182 . -- 6. 5. Libro del Grial, 217 . -- 6. 6. Cerca de sus finales, 228 . -- 6. 7. Apéndices (sueltas), 236 . 7. Tres romances del Inglés Medio, 243 . -- 7. 1. Le Morte Arthur , 243 . -- 7. 2. Roberto de Thornton, Morte Arthure , 244 . -- 7. 3. Sir Gawain y el Caballero Verde , 245 . 8. Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D’Arthur (prólogos del autor y del impresor), 247 . 9. Alfred Tennyson, Idilios del Rey , 251 . 10. En España, 271 . -- 10. 1. Romanceros , 271 . -- 10. 2. Tirant lo Blanc y la materia de Bretaña , 275 . -- 10. 3. Camelot, según don Quijote de la Mancha, 279 . 11. Demás cosas. Cosas de más, 283 . 7 II. Lucio Artorio Casto y la pista sármata, 291 . 1. Lucio Artorio Casto, 293 . -- 1. 1. Arqueología, 293 . -- 1. 2. Notas al pie de la piedra, 295 . 2. La pista sármata, 297 . -- 2. 1. Lección algo pesada de Geografía e Historia, 297 . -- Derivaciones, 300 . III. Riothamus, “Brittonum Regem”, 309 . IV. Tablas Redondas, 313 . V. El (Santo) Grial, 327 . VI. Hijos de Arturo, 337 . VII. Ginebrinas, 359 . 1.What’s in a name?, 361. 2. Casas, 363 . 3. Follón de Ginebras, 365 . 4. Mala (buena), 391 . 5. Según María de Francia, 393 . 6. Partes que hizo en los romans de Chrétien de Troyes, 395 . 7. Ginebra robada, 397 . 8. Examen de damas y caballeros, 431 . 9. Mi señor Galván y la reina doña Ginebra, 445 . 10. Ginebra, en ensalada, 451 . VIII. Cuatro estudios sobre Lanzarote, 459 . 1. presuntos lanzarotes primeros, 461 . -- 1. 1. Introducción, 468 . -- 1. 2. Lugh, 468 . -- 1. 3. Lluch Llauynnauc, 474 . -- 1. 4. Llwch Lleog, o Llenlleog, el Irlandés, 475 . -- 1. 5. Lleu Llaw Gyffes, 477 . 2. Su infancia en Tierra (húmeda) de Hadas, 481 . 3. El Bello Desconocido, 491 . 4. La Dama de Escalot, o de Astolat, o de Shalott, 497 . 8 IX. Barajas mezcladas de Tristán y Lanzarote, de doña Iseo y doña Ginebra, del rey Marco y Arturo, 591 . 1. Prólogo, 523 . 2. En las tríadas, 524 . 3. En los Mabinogion , 527 . 4. An affair to remember, 528 . 5. Beroul, Romance de Tristán , 530 . 6. Gerbert de Montreuil, Tristán Ministril , 532 . 7. Godofredo de Estrasburgo, Tristán , 533 . 8. Le Roman de Tristan en prose , 534 . 9. Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D’Arthur , 542 . 10. Libro del esforçado cauallero don Tristán de Leonís y de sus grandes fechos de armas , 547 . 11. Tristán Jr., 551 . 12. Dinas, 552 . X. Finales de Lanzarote del Lago y la reina doña Ginebra, 553. 1. Según la Historia de los reyes de Britania , de Galfrido Monemutense, 555 . 2. Robert Wace, Roman de Brut , 556 . 3. Layamon, Brut , 557 . 4. Brut y Brenhinedd , 558 . 5. Según Giraldo de Cambria, 559 . 6. En El Alto Libro del Grial , o Perlesvaus, el hijo del Rey Pescador , 560 . 7. La mort le roi Artu , 564 . 8. Roberto de Thornton, Morte Arthure , 567 . 9. Thomas Malory, Le Morte D’Arthur , 568 . 10. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ginebra , 572 . 9 XI. Arturo se acaba (o no), 577 . 1. Ni aquí, ni aquí, ni aquí viene, 579 . 2. Anales de Cambria , 581 . 3. Legenda Sancti Goeznovii , 582 . 4. Desde Galfrido de Monemuta, 584 . 5. Brutos , 589 . 6. Guillermo de Malmesbury, Gesta rerum Anglorum , 593 . 7. De Miraculis Sanctae Mariae Laudensis , 594 . 8. Alanus de Insulis (Alain de Lille), Prophetia Anglicana Merlini Ambrosii Britanni , 595 . 9. Según Giraldo de Cambria, 596 . 10. Galesa, 602 . -- 10. 1. Armes Prydein , 602 . -- 10. 2. El sueño de Rhonabwy , 603 . -- 10. 3. Anoeth, 605 . 11. Desde Irlanda, 606 . 12. Ulrich von Zatzikhoven, Lanzelet , 607 . 13. El Alto Libro del Grial , o Perlesvaus, el hijo del Rey Pescador , 608 . 14. Ciclo de la Vulgata , 609 . 15. le Morte Arthur , 618 . 16. Roberto de Thornton, Morte Arthure , 623 . 17. Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D’Arthur, 627 . 18. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, El pasaje de Arturo , 633 . 19. Demás noticias, o cuentos, sobre las postrimerías de Arturo, 638 . -- 19. 1. Prólogo, 638 . -- 19. 2. Sobre el emplazamiento de su última batalla, 639 . -- 19. 3. Razones, 643 . -- 19. 4. ¿Quién dio la herida fatal?, 647 . -- 19. 5. Supervivientes, 648 . -- 19. 6. Osarios, 651 . -- 19. 7. Durmiente, 656 . -- 19. 8. ¡Bu!, 659 . -- 19. 9. Mudanzas, 660 . -- 19. 10. Astral / Celestial, 661 . -- 19. 11. Avalón, 663 . -- 19. 12. Annwfyn, 668 . -- 19. 13. La Nef de Joie , 669 . XII. Arturo poeta, 671 . Bibliografía, 679 . 10 Preambular 11 12 Va (otro) mamotreto , cartapacio que ha ido y venido mucho conmigo, donde apunto cuentos que dicen a Arturo, a mi señora, doña Ginebra, y al amigo de la reina, Lanzarote del Lago. Nueve magas curan en la isla de Avalón del rey más o menos fantástico. Arturo se entremuere aún, no se termina nunca de morir, y distrae las horas de su infinita, dulcísima agonía con este libro de libros , pobre. 13 14 I. Historia general de las historias primeras (y segundas) que contaron a Arturo (y a Ginebra, mi señora) (y a Lanzarote del Lago, su amigo) 15 16 1. Céltica 1. 1. Prólogo Han entrado anglos, sajones y jutos, brutos, brutos, y muchos (sobre todo gente de Cambria y de la Cornualla) huían de ellos, pasaban la mar, hallaban asilo entre sus primos segundos de la Armórica, empezaban allí la Pequeña Bretaña (¡la melancolía!). Sus historias primeras, sus historias últimas, las historias que los contaban, iban y venían entre las dos Bretañas. Los cantores andantes, errantes de los “fabulosos bretones” 1 decían a Arturo en su lengua, y en los patios de los suyos, en lais que luego arromanzaron y recitaban en aquellas cortes del norte de Francia, fantásticas, femeninas, de buen amor . Siguieron más adelante a sus patrones normandos hasta la Bretaña Mayor. Volvían a casa, al coño de mamá, traían en sus maletas las historias , muy paseadas, muy mareadas, de lo que fueron érase una vez. 1 “Fabulosi Britones et eorum cantores…” En Giraldo de Cambria, Speculum Ecclesiae (ha. 1216). 17 Vueltas escritura, los libros que las encierran y fijan en su idioma galés son relativamente modernos 2. Pero las fechas de estos manuscritos importan poco. Allí vienen, contaminadas, las historias que comenzaron el mundo (digo, este mundo). La materia artúrica se mezcla con otras que explicaban a los britanos primeros. Aquel Arturo que fue o no fue (que fue algo, mucho menos), muy aumentado (muy corregido) en sus cuentos, invadió los de otros héroes, quitándolos de ellos, apoderándose de sus narraciones, poniendo a su nombre sus aventuras. En los textos galeses conocemos al Arturo que contaron sus hijos más o menos naturales, barajado con otros fabricados por clérigos que se distrajeron del cielo con sus cosas y con otros que hicieron poetas paniaguados obedeciendo el gusto de sus caprichosas señoras, aquellas reinas gamberras de Francia. 2 Por ejemplo, El Libro Negro de Carmarthen (ha. 1250); El Libro de Taliesín (ha. 1275); El Libro Blanco de Rhyddrch (ha. 1300 – 1325); El Libro Rojo de Hergest (ha. 1375 – 1425)… 18 1. 2. Arturos que contaron en Irlanda Prólogo Hubo un Arturo hijo de rey (o fueron varios príncipes con ese nombre) que contaron algo deprisa las historias primeras gaélicas, y que alienta, en unas, en la Dál Riada, una región de Escocia, y, en otras, en la Demecia galesa, pueblas, todas ellas, que hicieron los irlandeses. Artúr, el hijo de Conaing maic Áedán La Historia de los hombres de Britania ( Senchus Fer nAlban ) dice, en realidad, sólo la de Dál Riada, o sea, Argyll y las Hébridas Meridionales, región escocesa colonizadas por irlandeses. Los manuscritos que conservamos derivan de uno del siglo X; sin embargo, la materia que tratan pertenece a la segunda mitad del siglo VII. Lo que sabemos de este Conaing situaría a Artúr entre los años 570 y 620. 3 Éstos son los nueve “hijos de Conaing, el hijo de Áedán”, dice, y dice, el cuarto, a Artúr.
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