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Fungi of Bulgaria. Vol. 8. Diaporthales

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Fungi of Bulgaria. Vol. 8. Diaporthales FUNGI OF BULGARIA. VOL. 8. DIAPORTHALES Dimitar Y. Stoykov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BG-1113, Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail address: [email protected] The current volume is a result of many years of studies on the fungal diversity, taxonomy, distribution and economic importance of Diaporthales in Bulgaria. This work is an attempt to present systematically the knowledge of those fungal group for the first time in our country. Data about order Diaporthales, includind five families, 31 genera, and 104 species are included. Diaporthalean fungi are reported on 94 species of higher plants (grasses, shrubs and trees) from 46 genera, which are referred to 22 plant families. General information on seasonal development and vertical distribution of the fungi throughout the country is presented also. The text is supplemented with 82 fine line drawings made from original microscope slides using drawing facilities under LM and a technique described in Stoykov & Assyov (2009). This book includes a general part dealing with the principles of classification, taxonomically significant characters, brief reviews on the studies of Diaporthales worldwide and taxonomic concepts about these fungi, their economic importance, where known. A special part, incuding keys for determination of families, genera and species; brief descriptions of the taxa, bearing basic statistic information about the ascospores’ length and width measures, l/w ratio, distribution in Bulgaria and data about their known general distribution throghout the world, as lists of the hosts/substrata so far known in the country. Brief notes on variability on some species is included also. Most of the specimens examined are kept at the Mycological Collection (SOMF), Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Part of the studies, held during 2008 in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK), were financed by SYNTHESYS project GB-TAF-3824 “Taxonomy of Diaporthales (Ascomycota) in Bulgaria” and the politely cooperation of the Department of Mycology, Jodrell laboratory, RBG (Kew). LIST OF ALL TAXA1 ASCOMYCOTA Caval.-Sm. Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka Sordariomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & Winka Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka Diaporthales Nannf. Cryphonectriaceae Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 1. Cryphonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1( 1). Cryphonectria parasitica (T.J. Murray) M.E. Barr Diaporthaceae Höhn. ex Wehm. 2. Allantoporthe Petr. 1( 2). Allantoporthe tessella (Pers. : Fr.) Petr. 3. Apioporthella Petr. 1( 3). Apioporthella vepris (Delacr.) M.E. Barr 4. Diaporthe Nitschke 1( 4). Diaporthe angelicae (Berk.) Farr & Castleb. 2( 5). D. carpini (Pers.) Fuckel 3( 6). D. crataegi (Curr.) Nitschke 4( 7). D. eres Nitschke 5( 8). D. fagi Wehm. 6( 9). D. fibrosa (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel 7(10). D. helianthi Munt.-Cvetk., Mihaljč. & M. Petrov 8(11). D. juglandina (Fuckel) Nitschke 9(12). D. leiphaemia (Fr. : Fr.) Sacc. *D. linearis (Nees : Fr.) Nitschke 10(13). D. oncostoma (Duby) Fuckel 11(14). D. perniciosa Marchal & É.J. Marchal *D. phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. 12(15). D. pustulata (Desm.) Sacc. Gnomoniaceae G. Winter 5. Apiognomonia Höhn. 1(16). Apiognomonia acerina (Starbäck) M. Monod 2(17). A. errabunda (Robergе ex Desm.) Höhn. 3(18). A. erythrostoma (Pers. : Fr.) Höhn. 4(19). A. fakirovae Stoykov 5(20). A. petiolicola (Fuckel) M. Monod 6(21). A. veneta (Sacc. & Speg.) Höhn. 6. Cryptodiaporthe Petr. *Cryptodiaporthe aesculi (Fuckel) Petr. 1(22). C. apiculata (Wallr.) Petr. *C. castanea (Tul. & C. Tul.) Wehm. 2(23). C. populea (Sacc.) Butin ex Butin 3(24). C. salicella (Fr. : Fr.) Petr. 1Species possibly to occur in Bulgaria are marked with an asrterisk (*) 7. Cryptosporella Sacc. 1(25). Cryptosporella betulae (Tul. & C. Tul.) L.C. Mejía & Castleb. 2(26). C. suffusa (Fr. : Fr.) L.C. Mejía & Castleb. 8. Diaporthella Petr. 3(27). Diaporthella aristata (Fr. : Fr.) Petr. 9. Ditopella J. Schröt. 4(28). Ditopella ditopa (Fr. : Fr.) J. Schröt. 10. Gnomonia Ces. & De Not. 5(29). Gnomonia alnea (Fr. : Fr.) Sogonov *G. alpina (G. Winter) G. Winter 6(30). G. arnstadtiensis Auersw. 7(31). G. amoena (Nees : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 8(32). G. betulina Vleugel 9(33). G. carpinicola (Höhn.) Sogonov 10 (34). G. cerastis (Riess) Ces. & De Not. *G. dryadis Auersw. 11(35). G. gei Pat. & Doass. 12(36). G. geranii-macrorrhizi Fakirova 13(37). G. gnomon (Tode : Fr.) J. Schröt. 14(38). G. ischnostyla (Desm.) Auersw. 15(39). G. orientalis M. Monod 16(40). G. ostryae De Not. 17(41). G. pruni Fuckel 18(42). G. pseudoamoena M. Monod 19(43). G. rostellata (Fr. : Fr.) Wehm. *G. sanguisorbae (Rehm) E. Müll. 20(44). G. tetraspora G. Winter 21(45). G. vallesiaca M. Monod 11. Gnomoniella Sacc. 1(46). Gnomoniella tubaeformis (Tode : Fr.) Sacc. 12. Gnomoniopsis Berl. 1(47). Gnomoniopsis comari (P. Karst.) Sogonov, s. lat. 13. Linospora Fuckel 1(48). Linospora capreae (DC. : Fr.) Fuckel 14. Mamiania Ces. & De Not. 1(49). Mamiania fimbriata (Pers. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 15. Mamianiella Höhn. 1(50). Mamianiella coryli (Batsch : Fr.) Höhn. 16. Ophiognomonia (Sacc.) Sacc. 1(51). Ophiognomonia alni-viridis (Podl.-Růž. & Svrček) Sogonov 2(52). O. gei-montani (Ranoj.) Sogonov 3(53). O. leptostyla (Fr. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. *O. melanostyla (DC. : Fr.) Sacc. ex Berl. 4(54). O. rosae (Fuckel) Sogonov 5(55). O. setacea (Pers. : Fr.) Sogonov 17. Plagiosphaera Petr. 1(56). Plagiosphaera immersa (Trail) Petr. 18. Plagiostoma Fuckel *Plagiostoma aesculi (Fuckel) Sogonov 1(57). P. amygdalinae (Fuckel) Sogonov 2(58). P. bavaricum (Rehm) M. E. Barr 3(59). P. castanicolum Fakirova 4(60). P. devexum (Desm.) Fuckel 5(61). P. geranii (Hollós) Sogonov 6(62). P. inclinatum (Desm.) M. E. Barr 19. Pleuroceras Riess 1(63). Pleuroceras pleurostylum (Auersw.) M. E. Barr Сем. Melanconidaceae G. Winter 20. Apiosporopsis Fabre 1(64). Apiosporopsis carpinea (Fr. : Fr.) Mariani 21. Melanconis Tul. & C. Tul. 1(65). Melanconis aucta (Berk. & Brоome) Wehm. 2(66). M. chrysostroma (Fr. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 3(67). M. juglandis (Ellis & Everh.) A.H. Graves 4(68). M. modonia Tul. & C. Tul. 5(69). M. stilbostroma (Fr. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. *M. thelebola (Fr. : Fr.) Sacc. 22. Melogramma Fr. 1(70). Melogramma spiniferum (Wallr.) De Not. 23. Pseudovalsa Höhn. 1(71). Pseudovalsa lanciformis (Fr. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 2(72). P. umbonata (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc. 24. Sydowiella Petr. 1(73). Sydowiella depressula (P. Karst.) M. E. Barr 2(74). S. fenestrans (Duby) Petr. Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 25. Apioplagiostoma M.E. Barr 1(75). Apioplagiostoma aceriferum (Cooke) M.E. Barr 26. Ditopellina J. Reid & C. Booth 1(76). Ditopellina saccardoana (Traverso & Spessa) J. Reid & C. Booth 27. Hypospilina (Sacc.) Traverso 1(77). Hypospilina bifrons (Kunze & J.C. Schmidt : Fr.) Traverso 2(78). H. pustula (Pers. : Fr.) M. Monod 28. Leucostoma (Nitschke) Höhn. 1(79). Leucostoma auerswaldii (Nitschke) Höhn. 2(80). L. cinctum (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. 3(81). L. massarianum (De Not.) Höhn. 4(82). L. niveum (Hoffm. : Fr.) Höhn. 5(83). L. personii (Nitschke) Höhn. 6(84). L. translucens (De Not.) Höhn. 29. Sillia P. Karst. 1(85). Sillia ferruginea (Pers. : Fr.) P. Karst. 30. Valsa Fr. Sect. Cypri Z. Urb. 1(86). Valsa cypri (Tul.) Tul. & C. Tul. Sect. Monostichae Nitschke 2(87). V. ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire Sect. Valsa 3(88). V. ambiens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 4(89). V. betulina Nitschke 5(90). V. fallax Nitschke 6(91). V. intermedia Nitschke 7(92). V. salicina (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 8(93). V. sordida Nitschke 9(94). V. viburni Fuckel 31. Valsella Fuckel 1(95). Valsella nigroannulata Fuckel Gnomonia geranii-macrorrhizi Fakirova, Mycotaxon, 54: 329, 1995. (english summary) Ascomata (280) 380-515 (560) μm in diam, black, globose to depressed globose; immersed in the tissues of the stems and petioles. Necks (320) 370-490 (750) × (50) 55-85 (100) μm, straight, slightly widened at the base, central. Asci (63.5) 70-100 (110) × (11) 13- 16.5 (20) μm, fusoid, numerous, 8-spored, with biseriately overlapping ascospores and conspicuous apical annulus ca 4 μm. Spores (20) 25.2±2.8 (35) × (4.5) 5.9±0.6 (7.5) μm, n = 450, l/w (3.1–5.5), hyaline, straight, broad ellipsoid; with median septum, not constricted at septum; ends obtuse, with broad spathuliform, hyaline appendage at both ends, 3-3.3 × 2-2.5 μm. Each cell with 2 large guttules. Conidial state: unknown. Distribution: On overwintered or dry petioles of Geranium macrorrhizum L. – Eastern Forebalkan (Golyama Zhelyazna and Patreshko villages; Vrachanski Balkan Natural Park, above Ledenika chalet, near the road to Kravya locality), Sofia region (Sofia, Akademika Stadium; Vrana Park), Vitosha region (Bistritsa; Simeonovo; near Boyanski Waterfall; Mt. Lyulin), Mt. Belasitsa (Samouilovo; above Skrut); Mt. Slavyanka (Ali Botush Reserve, Hambar Dere locality), Pirin Mts (Vihren chalet), Sredna Gora Mts (Lozenska Planina, Pancharevo dam-lake; Dolni Pasarel, Rakita river; Novi Han), the Rhodopes (Shiroka Polyana locality). Gnomonia geranii-macrorrhizi, asci and spores in water, Sofia region, Vrana Park (D. Stoykov, personal photo, April 2018) Plagiostoma castanicolum Fakirova, Int. J. Mycol. Lichenol., 5(3): 209, 1992 (english summary) Ascomata (180) 280-420 × 250-310 (350) μm, light-brownish to black, ob-lique or horizontally depressed, single or in groups, immersed in leaves. Necks (50) 70-170 (350) × 40-70 (100) μm, periphysate, ± projecting through the surface of the leaf, straight or slightly curved, broadened near the base, lateral and visible from the upper leaf side. Asci 50–70 (85) × (7) 8–11 μm, fusoid, 8–spored, with biseriate ascospores and apical annulus 3-3.5 μm. Ascospores (12.5) 18.2±2.3 (26.5) × (2.5) 3.8±1.1 (5) μm, n = 200, l/w (4-6.6), ellipsoid- fusoid, ends rounded, hyaline, smooth, septum median, slightly constricted at the septum, with hyaline, often elongate appendages at both ends, overlapping biseriate in the ascus. Each cell with 2 guttules.
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