New Species of the Diaporthales from Eastern Asia and Eastern North America

Home , Anisogramma, Anisogramma anomala, Diaporthella, Leucostoma (fungus)

Mtcologw, 99(6), 2007, pp. 916-923. 2007 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897

New species of the Diaporthales from eastern Asia and eastern North America

Larissa N. Vasilyeva MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Fast Branch of the Russian Academy oJ Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Collect i ng trips were made during 2000-2006 in eastern Russia Asia (China, Republic of Korea, Russia) and eastern North America (USA: Maryland, Tennessee, West Virginia). The Amy Y. Rossma& samples were air-dried. Morphological observations include David F. Farr inacrosci pic :ippearai ice of fruiting bodies on the sub- Systematic Botany and Mtcology i.aboiatory, ( TS/)i- stiatiiiii as viewed wit Ii a stereonlicroscope and microscopic A RS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 characters such as sue, shape, color and arrangement of asdi , ascospoies, petit hecial wall and pen thecial ostiolar tissues. Specimens were observed with a Zeiss Axiophot Abstract: Seven previously un(lescribed diapoitlia- ill icrosci pe and photographed in the Fan Eastern Center of lean species were found in eastern Asia and eastern Election Microscopy (Institute of Marine Biology, Viaclivos- t k) with :1 North America. Three of these new species and one (ligIl :tl video camera Leica DF( 300FX and microscopes I.eica MZ75 and I,eica DM 4500B. Specimens previously known species are assigned to a new genus were sectioned witl iafie cling micnotorne for detailed Leucodiaporthe. Descriptions and illustrations are observation of penithecial structures. Cultures derived from provided for the new taxa including Allanioporihe these collections were obtained by means of single leucothöes sp. nov., J)iaporllieiia coryl,na sp. nov., 5d( )Sj )Oit isolation on cornmeal agar (Sigma ®, Sigma Leucodiaporthe acerina sp. nov., L. jugiandis sp. nov.. Chemical Co., St Louis, Missouri) phis 0.2% dextrose L. maucki comb. nov., L. robiniae sp. nov., Leucosloma (CMI)) supplemented with antibiotics (1% solution 0.2% p5ev don i Veil ill Sp. 1) Ov., J.eu cosloma exciJ.iten da comb. streptonmvcui sulfate and 0.2% neomycin). Cultures are nov., and P/iragrinodiaporthe padi sp. nov. described oil Potato-dextrose agar (PDA, Sigma ®, Sigma Key words: Ascornycota, Sordariomycetes, Chemical Co.. St Louis, Missouri) made according to the systematics, taxonom y, wood-inhabiting fungi manufacturers ins( ruction after 7 ci at room temperature tinder equal davlight-d:srk conditions and occasionalh after it longer period time. Sonic coltines also are described on INTRODUCTION CMI). Colon y colors are described based on Raruer (1970). The Diaporthales are a distinct order within the Sordariomycetes, the class including ascomycetous I,\XONOMY fungi that produce asci primarily in perithecial Allantoporthe leucothoes Lar.N. Vassiljeva sp. nov. fruiting bodies (Zhang and Blackwell 2001, Zhang Ftcs. 1-5 et al 2006). The Diaporthales include fungi having Mycobank number 510558 perithecia either solitary or aggregated in a stroma, Penitheciis cortice irnmersis,300-350 pm diam, ostiolis often with long necks, unitunicate asci that float free papillatis discrete erumpeiitihus, singulis vel aggregatis at maturity with a conspicuous refractive ring, linea mligra irregulariter eircumscriptis. Ascis clavatis, 8- ascospores that vary from short, nonseptate to sporis, 35-45 X 8-10 pm, apparatus apicalis refractis. elongate, multiseptate and pycnidial asexual states. Sponidiis distichis, fusoideis, 14-16 X 3-3.5 pm, 1-septatis, Most species are inconspicuous, often immersed in medio vix constnictis, hyalinis, non appencliculatis. the substratum and occur on hardwood trees and Holotvpe specimen: UNITED STATES. Tennessee: other plant hosts in temperate regions. At present six Cocke County, Great Smoky Mountains National families are recognized in the Diaporthales (Castle- Park, Cosby, on dead stems of Leucothhefontanesiana bury et al 2002, Rossman et al 2007) although some (Steud.) Sleumer (Ericaceae), 8 May 2006, coil. species cannot be placed in any family. The new taxa Larissa N. Vasilyeva (HOLOTYPE-VIA). described below belong primarily to the Diaportha- Etymology: referring to the host plant. ceae and Valsaceae, although for some species their Perithecia immersed in bark tissue, 300- familiar placement is unknown. Following are de- 350 .tm diarn, erumpent with short papillate beaks, scriptions and illustrations of new taxa encountered groups of l-3(-5) perithecia immediately surrounded while collecting in eastern Asia and eastern North by an indistinct, thickened black line composing America. a perithecial cluster, each perithecial cluster surrounded by dull yellow epidermis, then with a distinct, Accepted for publication 13 August 2007. narrow black line enclosing a single perithecial Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] cluster or two or more clusters, sometimes large with

916

VASILYEVA Fr Al, NEW DIAPORTHAIES 917 up to 20 perithecial clusters, black line enclosing compressed, 300-350 pm diam, perithecial beaks circular to smooth rounded area, 0.5-3 cm diam. Asci black, elongated up to 1.5 mm, projecting well clavate, 8-spored, 35-45 X 8-10 pm, apical annulus beyond disk, erlimpent singly, numerous, crowded. refractive. Ascospores hiseriate, fusoid, 14-16 X 3.3- Asci oblong-fusoid, eight-spored, 42-50 X 9-11 pm, 3.5 pm, two-celled, slightly constricted at septum, apical annulus refractive. Ascospores hiseriate, fusoid hyaline, without appendages. or ellipsoid, 12-16 X 3.5-4 pm, 2-celled, slightly Culture on PDA after 7 d: colony 5.5 cm diam, constricted at septum, hyaline, without appendages. mycelium diffuse, low tufted, white to pale mouse Culture on Pl)A after 7 rI: colony 4.7 cm cliam, gray, sparse at margin, denser toward center, dense mycelium diffuse to dense, white to salmon, broadly mycelium salmon, with margin irregularly scalloped, tufted at regular margin, even toward center, reverse reverse intensely pigmented, hay to blood color, without pigments, pale peach beneath dense myceli- darker toward center. tim, white at margin. Additional specimen examined: UNITED STATES. Ten- Additional specimen exasn,ncd: CHINA. Heilongjiang nessee: Cocke County, Great Smoky Mountains National Province: Fuyt tan, oil (lying stems of Corins sp. , 4 Aug Park, Big Creek Trail, on dead stems of Leucoilioc 2004, coll. l,arissa N. Vasileva, c(ilt. Amy Rossman AR 4131 fontanesiana, 6 May 2002, coll. Larissa N. Vas,/eva, cult. = CBS 121124 (l1Il 871218). Arn Rossman AR 3807 = CBS 121122 (BPI 843486). The genus L)iaporihella Petr. is based on the type This new species is placed in the genus Alianlo- species 1). arcclala (Fr.) Petr. oil spp. L)iaporthelia porthePetr. in the Diaporthaceae. Allantoporthediffcrs corlmna is similar to D. (ristata in ascospore size; from Diaporthe in having stromata that consist of however the stromata of 1). corlwa are circular with several perithecia singly immersed in bark tissue and it disk while the stromata of 1). aristata are surrounded by a black line, whereas species of black, erumpent and well developed. A third species in Diaporthe usually form clusters of perithecia that Diaporl/icila, I). pialasca (Peck) Well on Betulaspp., collectively are erumpent from the hark. The type of has larger ascospoles (16-23 >( 3-5 pin) than those of the genus Allantoporthe, A. tessella (Pers. : Fr.) Petr., 1). corylinit (Vasilyeva 2004, Wehmeyer 1933) occurs on Salix spp. and has larger ascospores, 40-60 The genus Diaporihella is similar to Anisogramma in X 7-9(-11) p.m (FI(;s. 6-9), than those of A. having a well developed stroma in which the lencothäes. The third species of the genus, Allanlo- perithecia are aggregated. Unlike Anisogramma hav- porthe decedens (Fr.) M.E. Barr, does not have the ing unequally, l-septate ascospores, Diaporthella has characteristic appearance of the two other species; A. median, 1-septate ascospores. Diaporthella corylina is Coiyius stems. decedens lacks the black line around groups of strongly parasitic and causes dieback of perithecia and has ascospores 15-22 X 4-6 J.inl, Stromata are found at the base of host stems near the slightly larger than those of A. leucothöes. Allan to- ground and appear superficially similar to those of porthe decedens might be better placed in Diaporthe as Sillia ferruginea (Pers. : Fr.) P. Karst. The latter species suggested by Wehmeyer (1933). occupies the same ecological niche, occurring at the bases of Corylus stems but differs in having elongated, rnultiseptate ascospores. Anisogramma anomala Diaporthella corylina Lar.N. Vassiljeva sp. nov. (Peck) E. Mull, on Coiylus spp. occurs in North Flcs. 10-12 America and eastern Asia and causes witches brooms Mvcobank number 510559 on branches. Of interest living plants of Coiylus spp. Stromatibus orbicularis, erumpentibus, 1.5-4 mm diam, are now known to support species of three diaportha- linea nigra nullis, disco fuscescentis; peritheciis sphaeroi- lean genera, namely Anisogramma, Diaporthella and deis vel compressis, 300-350 pm diam; ostiolis nigris, Sillia, that differ in ascospore shape. These genera elongatis ad 1.5 mm, disko excedis. Ascis oblongo-fusoideis, were placed in tribe Endothieae of family Gnomonia- 8-sporis, 42-50 X 9-11 pm, apparatus apicalis refractis. ceae (Barr 1978) or tribe Pseudovalseae of family Sporidiis distichis, fusoideis vel ellipsoideis, 12-16 X 3.5- Valsaceae (Vasilveva 1994). Anisogramrna based on A. 4 pm, 1-septatis, medio vix constrictis, hyalinis, non appen- virgultorum (Fr) Theiss. & Syd. is known to belong in diculatis. sensu Castlehury et al (2002) Holotype specimen: RUSSIA. Primorsky Territory: the Gnomoniaceae 2007, pers ohs). Gamovs Peninsula, on dying stems of Coiylus (Castlehury heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv. (Betulaceae), 3 Aug 2006, coll. Larissa N Vasilyeva (HOLOTYPE-VLA). Leucodiaporthe M.E. Barr et Lar.N. Vassiljeva gen. Etymology: referring to the host plant. nov. Stromata circular, pulvinate, ertimpent, 1.5- Mycobank number 510561 4 mm diam, without blackened zone in substratum, Stromata rotuindata, pulvinata, erumpentia, disko ectos- stromatic disk brownish. Perithecia spherical or tromatico, laete vel vivide colorato, circumcincta sur-

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uneven blackened area and distinct black line margin enclosing one to multiple perithecial clusters. 4. A.scus. 5. Ascospoi Cs. 6- 9. Allantoporthe tessella. 6-7. Stromata in substratum, note similar emerging perithecial dusters with uneven blackened area and distinct black line margin enclosing perithecial clusters. 8-9. Ascospores. 10-12. I)ia/iorthella co?yhna. 10. Stioina with

Vksu.\1vA ET AL: NEW DIAPORTHALES 919

rounded zona denigrata in substrato, perithecia sphaerica, ing with ectostromatic disk and projecting slightly rostra aliquando projecta trans discos stroinaticos. Asci beyond stromatic disk. Asc i clavate or broadly ciavati vel late cvlindrici, 8-spori, annulo apicali ref ractivo. cvlindric, eight-spored, 110-130 X 20-24 pm, apical Ascosporae hiseriatae yel inibricatae uniseiiatae, Itisitornies annulus refractive. Ascospores biseriate or overlap- el ellipliae, hicelliilaies, inedio Consirictae, livaliiiae, ping uniseriate, ftisoid or ellipsoid, 20-24 X 9-11 pm, aliqiiando a 1)icidalae, appendicihus iihtiisis, aliquaildo 2-celled, although occasionally appearing pseudo- titilica gelaliiosa. muriform due to iitiineioiisits guittules, constricted at Type spec/es: Leucodiaporthe acerina M.E. Barr & septum, hyahne, without but sometimes Lar.N. Vassiljeva surrounded by gelatinous coating. LIynwiogv: referring to its similarity to I)iaporl/e in Culture on P[)A alter 7 d: colon y 2.5-3.4 cm cliam, having hyaline 2-celled ascospores and Leiuislonia in mycelium sparse, low to f1uili, tufted or not, white at having it developed, often bright ectostroinalic (115k regular to irregular illargin, pale mouse gray or pale as well as it marginal zone in the stibstrattim. olivaceous gray to pale purplish gra y toward center or Stroiiiaia rounded, pulvinate, erumpent , with purplish, numerous waves of hivphae, reverse without a lightly or brightly colored ectostromalic (115k, pigments 01 purplish, no sporuilation. Culture on surrounded by it blackened zone in subsirattini CMD after 7 ci: colon y 3.0-4.2 cm diam, thin, pallid, Perithecia spherical, beaks sometimes projecting gray olivaceotus toward (enter. beyond stroniatic disk. Asci clavate or broadly Additional specimens esain,ned: RUSSIA. Primorsky Ter- cylindric, 8-spored, apical annulus refractive. Asco- ritors: \]adivosiok yicioiv, on dead branches of Icei spores biseriate or overlapping rnuseriate, flisoid or pseudrs/eholdiao liii) (Pax) Komi. (Aceraceae) , 30 Oct 2000, ellipsoid. 2-cel1ed, constricted in middle, hyaline, coil. I,arzssa N Vasi/teva, colt. Amy Rossman AR 3568 = without or with blunt appendages, soinetilies with CBS 121125 (IWI 863764). KOREA. Kangwoo Province: gelatinous coaling. Cliiaksan National Park, Mouoit Cloak, on Ace? /zsendosie- This genus is unique in the Diaporthales in having boldianaum. 22 Sep 2006, coll. I,arissa N. VasiIeva (LW!). it light to brightly colored stromatic disk with Leucodiaporihe (leer/na is superficially similar to blackened marginal zones and hyaline, notiappeli- species of Melanconis Fnl. & C. Tumh. but is unlike that daged ascospores, occasionally with it gelali ions genus in the strongly developed marginal zone that coating. Leucodiaportlie belongs in the Diaporthaceae surrounds the stromata within the substratum. In sensi Castlebuty et a! (2002). addition Leo (0(1/apart/ic acer/n a bears some resem- blance to Melanoport/ie \Velun., it genus that was considered a synonym of 1)iaporlhe by Barr (1978). Leucodiaporthe acerina M.E. Barr & l.ar.N. Vassiljeva Melanoport/ieis based on Pr!. la/ac (Speg.) \Vehm. This Sf). nOV. ll(S. 13-19 species is illustrated as having broadly ellipsoid, even Mycohank number 510562 pseudo muriform ascospores due to the numerous Stromata disco 1.5-2 mm diam, luteolo. Peritliecia 350- guttules as well as a blackened zone in the substratum 400 pin diani , rostra nigra, lacviter trans discos pi( jecta. Asci 110-130 X 20-24 tIm. Ascosporae hicellolares j oain- (Wehmeyer 1938, Ft(;. 9) similar to L. acerina. q nail) iii terdi till tit videtur pseudom no toni i es ob molt as Melanoporthe laiae is typical I)iaport/ie except for gutunlas, 20-24 X 9-11 p.m, sine appeodicibos sed au- having ascospores that become brownish. Ascospores qnando iuinica gelatinosa. of Leucodiaport/ie acer/na are hyaline. I-Jo/at ype specimen: RUSSIA. Primorsky Territory: Vladivostok vicinity, on dead branches of A er Leucodiaporthe juglandis Lar.N. Vassiljeva sp. nov. pseudosieboldianuin (Pax) Korn. (Aceraceae) , 5 Nov Fics. 20-23 2000, coil. Larissa N. Vasilyeva (HOIX)TYPE-VIA). Mvcobank number 510563 EIymoIo-v: referring to host plant. Stromata valsoidea, 1-1.5 nun diam, disco luteo; rostra Stromata rounded, pulvinate, erumpent, with pale nigra, ad marginem annuilaria, discuim obruentia. Perithecia yellow, ectostromatic disk 1.5-2 mm diam, within 350-400 pm diam. Asci clavati sel angustae cylindrici, 65-75 substratum surrounded by a blackened zone, perithe- X 7-9 pm. Ascosporae 13—I5 X 3.5-5 pm, aliquando obtusis cia spherical, 350-400 pm diarn, beak black, contrast- appendicibus.

long-beaked perithecial ostioles. 11. Ascus. 12. Ascospores. 13-19. Leucodiapor/he (ice)lna. 13-15. Stromata with light ectosiromatic disk and emerging perithecial ostioles. 16--19. Asci and ascospores; note gelatinous sheath surrounding ascospores. 20-23. Len codiaporthe jug/and/s. 20-21. Sironiata with white ectostromatic disk and emerging perithecial ostioles in loose concentric rings. 22-23. Ascus and ascospores. Bars: I = 3 mm; 2-3 = 1.5 mm; 4. 8-9, 16-17, 22 = 10 pm; 5, 11-12, 23 = 5 pm; 6, 13 = 2.5 mm; 7, 19 = 5 mm; 10, 14-15, 21 = 0.5 mm; 18 = 4 pm; 20 = 1 nun. MR

920 MYCOLOC;IA

]-Ioiotje spe7nien: Cl LINA. Heilongjiang Province: gray hvphae, reverse black, no pigment into medium, Hulin vicinity, on dead branches of Jugians ,nand- with one or two tan pycnidia in center of colony, shurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae) , 2 Sep 2003, coil. producing coit idia. Lanssa N. Vas,Iie-ta, (lilt Am y Rossrnaii AR 4035 = .Sjucimenc examined: RUSSIA. Pntuurskv Territory: Vla- CBS 121123 (HOI.OTYPE; BPI 871219). divostok, oil (lead branches of MaarI?ia amii rensis Riipr. et 1`1mo1ogy: reftrring to host plant. Maxim. (Fabaccar) , 18 May 2000, coIl. Lar,ssa A. Vassil1eva, Stromata valsoid, 1-1.5 mm diam, with yellowish cult. Amy Rossinan AR 3437 (BPI 863761). CHINA. ectostromatic disk and black perithecial beaksar- Heilongj iamlg Province: near Xi ngkai Agricultural Farm, ranged in ring at margin obliterating (115k, sur- on (lead brat 1(IlcS of MaaCkUl (li//U reo is. 2 Sep 2003, coil. rounded by a blackened zone in substratitni. Peritlie- Larissa X. I as,Ieia (BPI 871239). cia spherical, 350-400 jim diam .Asci clavate or Leueodiapoiihe inaackn is placed in this new genus narrow cylindric, 8-spored, 65-75 X 7-9 .ilu, apical based oil the characteristic cream y to brownish ectos- annulus refractive. Ascospores hiseriate or overlap- tronnatic disk and the ellipsoidal, hvaliue ascospores. ping uniseriate, hisoid or ellipsoid, 13-I5 X 3.5- 5 jirn, 2-celled, constricted at septum, h yaline, sonic- Leucodiaporthe robiniae Lar.N. Vassiljeva sp. nov. limes with blunt appendages. Fic;s. 27-30 Culture on PDA after 7 ci: colony 4.9 ciii diani, Mvcohaiik number 510565

mvcelium sparse, low, even, not tufted, white margin, Stmuiiata l)1isl, vlsoic1ei, circa 1 11/111 (11dm, disco luteo grayish Sepia in sectors, colon y with regular niargin cuim ml gra (1st ul is: peritliecia 300-350 put cliani . Asci 140- reverse without pigments, pale mouse gra y hciicath 160 >< 14-16 imii. Ascosporae ellipticar. 23-26 X 10-12 Mlii, (lense mvceliuni. sine apperidicibus. The only species situ i fir II) Leu (0(1/aporihe juglandis floloivpe spe-i men: UNITED STATES. West Virginia: is Meianeonis jiu,rlanilis (Ellis & Everh.) Graves Pocahontas County, Monongaliela National Forest, described from eastern North America and also on dead branches of Robin/a. sp. (Fabaceae) , 11 Sep known from Asia (Kobayashi 1970). Unlike M. 2002, coIl. Larissa N. Vasiiyeva, cult. Amity Rossman AR )ugiandis having ascospores 17-20 X 6.5-9.5 jim 390() = CRS 121127 (HOLOT\PE-lwl 871007). (Wehmeyer 1941) 1.. jugiandis has ascospores that Liinoiogv: referring to host pltiit. are different in shape as well as being smaller it) both Stromata small, valsoid, about I min cliam, with length and width. In addition L. juglandi.c has yellowish ectostroniatic disk with black ostioles, within • distinctive pale yellow ectostromatic disk and substratum surrounded b y blackened zone, perithecia • blackened zone in the substratuni. spherical, 300-350 jim diani. Asci clavate or broadly cylindric, 8-spored, 140-160 >< 11-16 pm. Ascospores Leucodiaporthe maackii (Lar.N. Vassiljeva) M.E. Barr hiseriate or overlapping uniseniate, ellipsoid, 23-26 X & Lar.N. \7assiljeva comb. nov. FR;s. 21-26 10-12 jini, 2-celled, often slightly constricted in mid- Mvcobank number 510564 dle, hyaline, without appendages. (rvpIlorlee1?7a 1/U/ac/(/, Lar.N, Vassiljeva, Mikologiva i (;utlttii on FDA after 7 ci: colony 2.4 cm diam, fitopatologiva, 22:486, 1988. mycelium dense, low, not tufted, even to slightly ,Ieianconis maacku (Lar.N. Vassiljeva) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, irregular especiall y toward center, white, margin Pyrenomycetes of the Russian Far East, 2:27, 1994. regular, reverse without pigments, pale luteous, white Stromata rounded or ellipsoid, pulvinate, erum- at margin; after 29 d: colony 3.0-4.2 cm, sparse white pent with creamy to brownish ectostromatic disk fluffy mycelium with humped, compound sporodo- through which emerge the scattered (lark brown chia in concentric rings, reverse honey with dark spots ostioles, within substratum stromata surrounded by where fruiting, some honey-colored pigments exuded dark brown zone. Perithecia 300-400 putcliam. Asci into media. Conidia produced in compound stroma- clavate or broadly cylindric, 90-100 )< 12-14 Am. ta, dark, 1-septate, fusiform with appendages plus Ascospores biseriate or overlapping uniseniate, ellip- hyaline, smaller, elongate conidia. Culture on CMD soid, 20-26 X 8-12(-14) jim, 2-celled, constricted in after 29 ci: colon y 3.2-3.9 cm, no aerial hphae except middle, hyaline, without, appendages. at margin, then only sparse, amber, reverse amber. Culture on FDA after 7 d: colony 0.5 cm diam, Leucodiaporihe robinae is similar to Ditopellopsis mycelium sparse, low, not tufted, even, mouse gray at sophora Tak. Kobay. on S&phora japonica L. known surface, dark mouse gray beneath, reverse without only from Japan based on the description and pigments, dark mouse gray. Culture on CMI) after illustration in Kobayashi (1970). Although it is possible 2 mo: colony slow growing, ca. 1 cm diam, black, that D. sophora should be placed in Len codiaporthe, this compact, margin smooth to slightly scalloped, mostly species has ascospores described as 17.5-20 X 9- submerged hvphae, with sparse appressed aerial dark 11.5 Am, smaller than ascospores of L. roliiniae. These

VASILYEVA i. r \l,: N:w DIAPORTHALES 921

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Fics. 24-35. 24-26. Leucodiaporthe maackii. 24-25. Raised marginate stroma with perithecial ostioles emerging through light-colored ectostromatic disk. 26. Ascus and ascospores. 27-30. Leucodiaporthe rolnniae. 27-28. Stroma with perithecial ostioles emerging through light-colored ectostromatic disk. 29-30. Ascus and ascosporeS. 31-33. Leucostoma p.seudoniveum. 31-32. Stromata with white ectostromatic disk and irregular, pruinose margin. 33. Asci and ascospores. 34-35. Phraçmodzaporthe padi. 34. Stroma with emerging perithecial ostioles. 35. Ascospore. Bars: 24 = 4 mm; 25, 27-28, 32, 34 = 0.3 mm; 26, 29, 33, 35 = 10 pm; 30 = 20 pm; 31 = 0.7 mm; 32 = 0.3 mm.

922 MYcoI.0GIA two species on fabaceous host plants might be vicarious northern Michigan and other states that are most in eastern Asia and eastern North America. probably L. pseudonveum. Species of Leucostoma pseudoniveum from North Leucostoma pseudoniveum Lar.N. Vassiijeva sp. nov. America and eastern Asia have the same ascospore FR;s. 31-33 size as L. persoonii (Nitschke) Hôhn. but differ in Mycobank number 510566 characteristics of the stroma (Hayova and Minter 1998c). In addition Stromata parva, valsoidea, 0.5-I miii diam, disco albido L. persoonii has never been cum marginem irregularia, nigra ostiolis, circumcincta reported oil Ins spp. Species of Leucostoma on surrounded iona denigrata in substrato. Perithecia sphaer- Salicaccac and Rosaceae display a similar diversity in ica, 200-250 pin diam. Asci clavati, 8-spori, 28-35 )< 6.6- having pairs of taxa, one with short ascospores and 8 pm. Ascosporae hiscriatac, allantoiciac, 8-12 X 2-2.5 pill, another with long ascospores. Thus Leucostoma hvalinae. pseudoniveum (8-12 pm) and L. niveum (13-18 pm) Holotype specimen: CHINA. Heilongjiang Province: oil are comparable to L. persoonii (10- Fuyuan, on dead branches of Populus sp. (Salicaccac), 4 13 pm, Hayova and Minter 1998b) and "Leucostoma Aug 2004, coil. Larissa N Vasilyeva (HOLOTYPE-VLA). sp. oil (15-17 pm, see below.). Ltymo1o,gy: referring to its similarity to Leucostoma nweum (Hoffm. : Fr.) Höhn. Leucostoma excipienda (P. Karst.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva. Strotnata small, valsoid, 0.5-1 mm diani, with whit- conib nov. ish ectostromatic disk with irregularly expanded white Mycobank number 510567 margins and black dots of ostioles, within substratum Basionyrn: Valsa excipienda P. Karst., Bidrag till surrounded by a blackened zone. Perithecia spheri- Kannedom afFinlands Natur och Folk 23:144. 1873. cal, 200-250 pin Asci clavate, 8-spored, 28-35 X Many specimens with the appearance of Leucostoma 6.6-8 pm. Ascospores biseriate, allantoid, 8-12 X 2- persoonu collected in Siberia and the Russian Far East on 2.5 tIm, hyaline. Padus avium Mill. (Rosaceae) have larger ascospores Culture on PDA after 7 d: colony 5 cm diam, pale than true L. persoonii. The characteristics of a similar honey to isabelline in center, low scurfy to stringy, appearing Len costoma on Rosaceae collected in eastern scalloped concentric rings at irregular distances Asia also correspond to the specimens described as V. within colony, margin scalloped, reverse similar in auerswakiii Nitschke on Mains and Padus (Merezhko color; after 15 d: becoming dark greenish black, and Smyk 1991), V. excipiendaP. Karst. on Sorbus from producing pycnidia. Finland (Karsten 1873), "V leucostoma" (Pers. : Fr.) Fr., Specimens examined: RUSSIA. Amur Region: Bastak "V massariana" Dc Not. on Sorbus from Denmark and Nature Reserve, on Populus sp., 19 Aug 2004, coil. Larissa Japan (Kobayshi 1970, Munk 1957), "V. on N. Vasilyeva (VIA); Irkutsk Region: Irkutsk vicinity, on nivea" Populus sp., 8 Mar 1995, coll. T. I. Morozova (VLA); Sorbus (Hayova and Minter 1998b) and V sibirica Primorsky Territory: Vladivostok vicinity, valley of the River Thüm. on Cotoneaster from Siberia (Thürnen 1878). Malaya Sedanka, 15 Apr 2000, coil. Larissa N. Vasilyeva, The specimens referred to by the names in quotation cult. Amy Rossman AR 3413 = CBS 109489 (BPI 748232). marks most likely are misidentified. All species listed A member of the Valsaceae (Castlebury et al 2002) above are considered to be conspecific. The earliest Leucostoma pseudoniveum has ascospores that are name for this species is V. excipienda and that epithet is distinctly smaller than those of L. niveum from herein transferred to Len costoma. Europe cited as having ascospores that are 13-18 X 2-4 pm (Hayova and Minter 1998a), 14-17 X 3-4 pm Phragmodiaporthe padi Lar.N. Vassiljeva sp. nov. (Munk 1957 as Valsa nivea) or 12-14 X 3-4 pin 8- FIGS. 34-35 spored asci and 16-20 X 3-4 pm in 4-spored asci Mycobank number 510568. (Nitschke 1867). Almost all reports of Leucostoma Stromata valsoidea, 1-1.5 mm diam, disco fusco; rostra niveum ( Valsa nivea (Hoffm. : Fr.) Fr.) from North nigra laeviter projecta; perithecia 300-350 pin Asci America represent the small spored species described 130-140 X 10-12 pm. Ascosporae elongatae, 50-56 X 9- here. Ellis and Everhart (1892) reported even smaller 11 pm, 3-septatae, conicis appendicibus usque ad 7 pm ascospores (7-9 pm) in specimens from Montana and longis. Colorado (USA) as did Gilman et al (1957) from Holotype specimen: CHINA. Heilongjiang Province: Iowa. Kern (1957) wrote that the specimens assigned Weihushan Nature Reserve, Northern Tiger Forest to this species in North America were similar in all Garden, on dead branches of Padus avium Mill., characteristics to those from Europe except in (Rosaceae), 9 Aug 2004, roll. Larissa N. Vasilyeva, ascospore size. He reported on specimens having cult. Amy Rossman AR 4122 - CBS 121225 (HOLO- rather small ascospores collected in southern and TYPE BPI 871220).

VASILVEVA ET AL: NEw DIAPORTHALES 923

Etymology: referring to host plant. Gilman jC, Tiffany LH, Lewis P.M. 1957. Iowa Ascomvcetes Stromata rounded, valsoid, 1-1.5 mm diam, with II. Diaporthaceae: Valseae. Iowa State Col Sc 31:623- brownish ectostromatic disk and clusters of thick, 647. black, slightly projecting perithecial beaks, within the Hayova VP, Minter DW. 1998a. Leucostorna cinclum. IMI substratum a dorsal blackened zone, perithecia descriptions of fungi and bacteria 1361:1-3. spherical, 300-350 pm cliam. Asci clavate or broadly 1998b. Leucostoma niven rn. IMI descriptions of fungi and bacteria 1362:1-3. cylindric, 8-spored, 130-140 X 10-12 pm. Ascospores 1998c. I,eucostoma persoona. IMI descrip- biseriate or overlapping uniseriate, elongate, 50-56 X tions of fungi and bacteria 1363:1-3. 9-11 pm, 3-septate, hyaline, with conical appendages Karsten PA. 1873. Mycologia Fennica 2. Pyrenomycetes. up to 7 pin Bich- Kann Finlands Natur Folk, Helsingfbrs. p 1-250. Culture on CM after 2 mo: colony barely visible as Kern H. 1957. Untersuchungen uher die Urngrenzung tier sepia spot, sparse aerial sepia myceliuin, hyphae Arten in der Ascomycetengat tit ng Leucostona. Phyto- immersed in agar, irregular, no pigments secreted pathol Zeitsch rift 30:149-180. into agar. Kobayashi T. 1970. Taxonomic studies of Japanese Dia- The genus Phragmodiaporthe Wehm. based on P. porthaceae with special reference to their life histories. cayae (Peek) Wehm. was established for species Bull Coy Forest Exp St 226:1-242. similar to Diaporthe but having elongated, multi- Merezhko TA, Smyk VL. 1991. Flora Fungorum RSS septate ascospores (Wehmeyer 1941). This new Ucrainicae. Ascoinycetes, Diaporthales. Kiev: 215 p (In Russian). species, P. path, differs from P. cartae, which has Munk A. 1957. Danish Pyrenomycetes. Copenhagen: 491 p. ascospores 29-44 X 6.5-8 pm, in having longer Nitschke T. 1867. Pyrenomvcetes Germanici. Breslau: 320 p. ascospores. A second species in Phragmodiaporthe, 1. Rayner RW. 1970. A Mycological Colour Chart. Kew, UK: tiliacea (Ellis) M.E. Barr, has shorter ascospores, 24- Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 39 X 6-95 pin 1933), than P. padi. Rossman AY, Fan DF, Castleburv LA. 2007. A review of the phylogen y adn biology of the Diaporthales. My- coscience 48:135-144. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thuemen F. 1878. Beitrãge zur Pilz-Flora Sibiriens II. Bull We thank Aleksey Chcrnyshev (Institute of Marine Biology) Soc Imp Nat Moscou 53:206-252. for his help with the preparation of illustrations and Vasilyeva LN. 1994. Pyrenomycetes of the Russian Far East 2. Christian Feuillet (Smithsonian Institution) for translating Valsaceae. Vladivostok: p 1-80. the diagnoses into Latin. The first author acknowledges the 2004. New records of pyrenomycetous fungi from Discover Life in America program (DLIA 2006-4) for Sakhalin Island. Flora and fauna of Sakhalin Island. opportunities to travel to the United States and collect fungi Vladivostok: p 93-100 (In Russian). in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This research Wehmeyer LE. 1933. The genus Diaporthe Nitschke and its was conducted as part of a project financially supported by segregates. U Michigan Stud Sc 9:1-349. the National Science Foundation PEET (NSF 03-28364). 1938. Les especies de Diaporthe" en el herbario Spegazzini. Rev Museo La Plata 2:65-88. 1941. A revision of Melanconis, Isendovalsa, LITERATURE CfIEI) Prosthecium and Titania. U Michigan Stud Sc Set 14: Barr ME. 1978. The Diaporthales in North America with 1-161. emphasis on Gnomonia and its segregates. Mycol Zhang N, Blackwell M. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Memoir 7:1-232. dogwood anthracnose fungus (Discula destructiva) Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Jaklitsch WJ, Vasilyeva LN. and the Diaporthales. Mycologia 93:355-365. 2002. A preliminary overview of the Diaporthales based Castlebuiy LA, Miller AN, Huhndorf SM, Schoch C, on large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Seifert KA, Rossman AY, Rogers JD, Kohlmeyer J, Mycologia 94:1017-1031. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Sung C-H. 2006. An overview Ellis jB, Everhart BM. 1892. The North American Pyreno- of the systematics of the Sordariomvcetes based on mycetes. Philadelphia: Puhl by the authors. 793 p. a four-gene phylogeny. Mycologia 98:1077-1088.