1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 B. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ...... 1-1 C. BACKGROUND...... 1-11 D. PROJECT PURPOSE AND NEED...... 1-12 E. PROPOSED BUILDING PROGRAM AND DESIGN ...... 1-16 F. REQUIRED ACTIONS AND APPROVALS ...... 1-36 G. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS AND RELATED LAND USE REVIEWS ...... 1-39 2.0 LAND USE, ZONING, AND PUBLIC POLICY...... 2-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 2-1 B. BACKGROUND...... 2-3 C. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 2-4 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 2-12 E. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 2-15 3.0 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 3-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 3-1 B. DEFINITIONS AND METHODOLOGY...... 3-2 C. INITIAL SCREENING ASSESSMENT...... 3-6 D. DETAILED ASSESSMENT ...... 3-8 E. VARIATIONS...... 3-34 4.0 NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER ...... 4-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 4-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 4-3 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 4-7 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 4-8 E. VARIATIONS...... 4-10 5.0 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES ...... 5-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 5-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 5-2 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 5-10 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 5-15 E. VARIATIONS...... 5-17 6.0 OPEN SPACE...... 6-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 6-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 6-2 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 6-6 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 6-8 E. VARIATIONS...... 6-15 7.0 SHADOWS ...... 7-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 7-1 B. IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE RECEPTORS...... 7-2 C. SHADOW EFFECTS...... 7-3 D. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 7-4

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E. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 7-4 F. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 7-4 G. CONCLUSIONS ...... 7-13 H. VARIATIONS ...... 7-13 8.0 HISTORIC RESOURCES...... 8-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 8-1 B. METHODOLOGY ...... 8-3 C. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 8-3 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 8-8 E. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 8-9 F. VARIATIONS ...... 8-16 9.0 TRAFFIC AND PARKING ...... 9-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 9-1 B. EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS (YEAR 2003) ...... 9-2 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION (NO BUILD CONDITION – YEAR 2009) 9-16 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION (BUILD CONDITION – YEAR 2009) ..9-31 E. TRAFFIC MITIGATION (YEAR 2009) ...... 9-53 F. ASSESSMENT OF VARIATIONS...... 9-61 10.0 TRANSIT AND PEDESTRIANS ...... 10-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 10-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 10-1 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 10-17 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 10-22 E. TRANSIT AND PEDESTRIAN MITIGATION (2009)...... 10-29 F. ASSESSMENT OF VARIATIONS...... 10-30 11.0 AIR QUALITY ...... 11-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 11-1 B. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS ...... 11-1 C. POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN ...... 11-3 D. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ...... 11-5 E. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 11-6 F. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 11-12 G. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 11-13 H. VARIATIONS ...... 11-22 12.0 NOISE ...... 12-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 12-1 B. NOISE ASSESSMENT ...... 12-2 C. CONCLUSIONS ...... 12-29 D. VARIATIONS ...... 12-29 13.0 INFRASTRUCTURE...... 13-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 13-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 13-1 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 13-3 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 13-3 E. VARIATIONS ...... 13-5

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14.0 SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES...... 14-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 14-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 14-1 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 14-1 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 14-2 E. VARIATIONS...... 14-2 15.0 ENERGY...... 15-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 15-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 15-1 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 15-1 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 15-2 E. VARIATIONS...... 15-2 16.0 NATURAL RESOURCES...... 16-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 16-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 16-2 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 16-10 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 16-12 E. VARIATIONS...... 16-14 17.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ...... 17-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 17-1 B. LAND USE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT SITE AND ITS ENVIRONS...... 17-2 C. GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ...... 17-4 D. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 17-5 E. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 17-16 F. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 17-16 G. VARIATIONS...... 17-18 18.0 URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES...... 18-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 18-1 B. EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 18-1 C. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 18-5 D. FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 18-18 E. VARIATIONS...... 18-27 19.0 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS...... 19-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 19-1 B. CONSTRUCTION STAGES AND SCHEDULE ...... 19-1 C. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES...... 19-3 D. POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION-RELATED IMPACTS...... 19-6 E. VARIATIONS...... 19-15 20.0 WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAM ...... 20-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 20-1 B. CONSISTENCY REVIEW...... 20-1 C. THE POLICIES...... 20-2 D. VARIATIONS...... 20-12 21.0 PUBLIC HEALTH ...... 21-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 21-1 B. POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO PUBLIC HEALTH ...... 21-1 22.0 GENERIC ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS FROM SALT PILE RELOCATION...... 22-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 22-1 B. ASSESSMENT...... 22-3

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23.0 ALTERNATIVES ...... 23-1 A. NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ...... 23-1 B. REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE ...... 23-5 C. RECONFIGURATION OF BULK ALTERNATIVES ...... 23-12 24.0 UNAVOIDABLE SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS ...... 24-1 25.0 GROWTH-INDUCING ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION...... 25-1 26.0 IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS OF RESOURCES . 26-1 27.0 MITIGATION ...... 27-1 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 27-1 B. TRAFFIC ...... 27-1 C. TRANSIT AND PEDESTRIANS ...... 27-9 D. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ...... 27-10 28.0 RESPONSE TO COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT SCOPING DOCUMENT AND DEIS...... 28-1 A. RESPONSES TO COMMENTS ON DRAFT SCOPING DOCUMENT ...... 28-1 B. RESPONSES TO COMMENTS ON DEIS...... 28-6 ATTACHMENT 1: AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE ATTACHMENT 2: DEIS WRITTEN COMMENTS TRAFFIC TECHNICAL APPENDIX

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List of Tables

TABLE 1-1: PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND POTENTIAL VARIATIONS ...... 1-7 TABLE 2-1: ANTICIPATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, 2009 ...... 2-14 TABLE 2-2: PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND POTENTIAL VARIATIONS ...... 2-15 TABLE 2-3: SUMMARY OF BULK REGULATIONS FOR A WATERFRONT BLOCK IN A M1-5/R10 DISTRICT COMPARED TO AN M1-4 DISTRICT ...... 2-19 TABLE 2-4: PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM BY SIZE AND FAR ...... 2-19 TABLE 3-1: POPULATION TRENDS 1990-2000...... 3-10 TABLE 3-2: RACIAL AND ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA POPULATION ...... 3-11 TABLE 3-3: AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA POPULATION ...... 3-11 TABLE 3-4: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 3-12 TABLE 3-5: HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 3-14 TABLE 3-6: BUSINESS INVENTORY OF BLOCKS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT SITE...... 3-21 TABLE 3-7: EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 3-26 TABLE 3-8: TOTAL FIRMS, EMPLOYEES AND WAGES (ZIP CODE AREA) ...... 3-27 TABLE 3-9: AVAILABLE INDUSTRIAL SPACE IN LONG ISLAND CITY ...... 3-28 TABLE 3-10: RESIDENTS AND DWELLING UNITS INTRODUCED BY THE PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND VARIATIONS ...... 3-35 TABLE 5-1: EXISTING CONDITIONS: PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, CAPACITY, AND UTILIZATION ...... 5-6 TABLE 5-2: EXISTING CONDITIONS: PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL UTILIZATION, CAPACITY, AND ENROLLMENT ...... 5-7 TABLE 5-3: EXISTING CONDITIONS: LIBRARY SERVICES WITHIN ¾-MILE OF THE PROJECT SITE...... 5-8 TABLE 5-4: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION: ESTIMATED PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, CAPACITY, AND UTILIZATION (2009)...... 5-13 TABLE 5-5: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION: LIBRARY SERVICES WITHIN ¾ MILE OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 5-14 TABLE 5-6: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION: ESTIMATE OF LIBRARY CATCHMENT AREA POPULATION (2009)...... 5-15 TABLE 5-7: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION: ESTIMATED PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, CAPACITY, AND UTILIZATION (2009)...... 5-16 TABLE 5-8: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION: ESTIMATE OF LIBRARY CATCHMENT AREA POPULATION (2009)...... 5-17 TABLE 5-9: VARIATION 1 OR 3: ESTIMATED PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, CAPACITY, AND UTILIZATION (2009) ...... 5-18 TABLE 5-10: VARIATION 1 OR 3: ESTIMATE OF LIBRARY CATCHMENT AREA POPULATION (2009)...... 5-19 TABLE 6-1: EXISTING RESIDENTIAL POPULATION (2000) BY AGE GROUP IN THE RESIDENTIAL STUDY AREA ...... 6-2 TABLE 6-2: INVENTORY OF EXISTING OPEN SPACE RESOURCES IN THE RESIDENTIAL AND EMPLOYMENT STUDY AREAS...... 6-5 TABLE 6-3: OPEN SPACE ...... 6-8 TABLE 6-4: ANALYSIS OF ADEQUACY OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE RESOURCES IN THE STUDY AREA ...... 6-13 TABLE 6-5: RESIDENTS AND EMPLOYEES INTRODUCED BY THE PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND POTENTIAL VARIATIONS...... 6-15 TABLE 7-1: POTENTIAL EXTENT AND DURATION OF INCREMENTAL AND TOTAL NEW SHADOWS ...... 7-6

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TABLE 9-1: EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUMES...... 9-5 TABLE 9-2: EXISTING TRAFFIC LOS SUMMARY ...... 9-6 TABLE 9-3: INVENTORY OF PUBLIC PARKING LOTS AND GARAGES ...... 9-14 TABLE 9-4: ON-STREET PARKING SUMMARY ...... 9-16 TABLE 9-5: APPROVED DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2009 NO BUILD CONDITIONS ...... 9-18 TABLE 9-6: 2009 NO BUILD VEHICULAR TRIP GENERATION FOR WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...9-19 TABLE 9-7: 2009 NO BUILD VEHICULAR TRIP GENERATION FOR WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 9-19 TABLE 9-8: 2009 NO BUILD VEHICULAR TRIP GENERATION FOR WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR....9-19 TABLE 9-9: 2009 NO BUILD VEHICULAR TRIP GENERATION FOR SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 9-20 TABLE 9-10: 2009 NO BUILD TOTAL VEHICULAR TRIP GENERATION ...... 9-20 TABLE 9-11: 2003 EXISTING VS. 2009 NO BUILD TRAFFIC LOS SUMMARY ...... 9-23 TABLE 9-12: 2009 NO BUILD PROJECTED PARKING OCCUPANCIES FOR PUBLIC PARKING LOTS AND GARAGES WITHOUT RE-ALLOCATION OF DEMAND ...... 9-30 TABLE 9-13: 2009 NO BUILD PROJECTED ON-STREET PARKING SUMMARY...... 9-30 TABLE 9-14: WEEKDAY TRAVEL DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS ...... 9-32 TABLE 9-15: WEEKEND TRAVEL DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS...... 9-33 TABLE 9-16: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION: WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...... 9-37 TABLE 9-17: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION: WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 9-37 TABLE 9-18: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION: WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR ...... 9-37 TABLE 9-19: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION: SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 9-38 TABLE 9-20: 2009 NO BUILD VERSUS BUILD WEEKDAY TRAFFIC LOS SUMMARY...... 9-39 TABLE 9-21: 2009 NO BUILD VERSUS BUILD SATURDAY MIDDAY TRAFFIC LOS SUMMARY ...... 9-45 TABLE 9-22A: WEEKDAY GARAGE PARKING ACCUMULATION FOR 2009 BUILD CONDITION...... 9-49 TABLE 9-22B: SATURDAY GARAGE PARKING ACCUMULATION FOR 2009 BUILD CONDITION...... 9-50 TABLE 9-23: SIGNIFICANT TRAFFIC IMPACT MITIGATION SUMMARY...... 9-53 TABLE 9-24: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 1: WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...... 9-61 TABLE 9-25: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 1: WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR .....9-62 TABLE 9-26: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 1: WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR...... 9-62 TABLE 9-27: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 1: SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ....9-62 TABLE 9-28: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 2: WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...... 9-63 TABLE 9-29: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 2: WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR .....9-63 TABLE 9-30: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 2: WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR...... 9-63 TABLE 9-31: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 2: SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ....9-64 TABLE 9-32: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 3: WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...... 9-64 TABLE 9-33: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 3: WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR .....9-65 TABLE 9-34: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 3: WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR...... 9-65 TABLE 9-35: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY VARIATION 3: SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ....9-65 TABLE 9-36: COMPARISON OF VARIATIONS WITH THE PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ...... 9-66 TABLE 10-1 EXISTING SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, PEAK DIRECTION .....10-2 TABLE 10-2 EXISTING SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, REVERSE PEAK DIRECTION ...... 10-4 TABLE 10-3 LOS CRITERIA FOR STAIRWAYS AND CORRIDORS ...... 10-8 TABLE 10-4 EXISTING LOS AND VOLUMES FOR STAIRWAYS AND CORRIDORS ...... 10-8 TABLE 10-5 ESCALATOR CAPACITY...... 10-10 TABLE 10-6 LOS FOR TURNSTILES AND ESCALATORS ...... 10-10 TABLE 10-7 EXISTING LOS FOR TURNSTILES AND ESCALATORS ...... 10-11 TABLE 10-8 EXISTING BUS SERVICE AND RIDERSHIP DURING AM AND PM PEAK HOURS...... 10-14

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TABLE 10-9 LOS CRITERIA FOR WALKWAYS AND SIDEWALKS ...... 10-15 TABLE 10-10 LOS CRITERIA FOR CROSSWALKS AND CORNER RESERVOIR SPACES ...... 10-16 TABLE 10-11 LOS CRITERIA FOR PEDESTRIANS AT UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS...... 10-16 TABLE 10-12 EXISTING PEDESTRIAN LOS AND VOLUMES AT ANALYZED UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS...... 10-17 TABLE 10-13: NO BUILD CONDITION SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, PEAK DIRECTION ...... 10-18 TABLE 10-14: NO BUILD CONDITION SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, REVERSE PEAK DIRECTION ...... 10-18 TABLE 10-15: NO BUILD CONDITION LOS AND VOLUMES FOR STAIRWAYS, CORRIDORS, TURNSTILES AND ESCALATORS...... 10-19 TABLE 10-16: NO BUILD CONDITION BUS RIDERSHIP DURING AM AND PM PEAK HOURS ...... 10-21 TABLE 10-17: NO BUILD CONDITION PEDESTRIAN LOS AND VOLUMES AT ANALYZED UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ...... 10-22 TABLE 10-18: BUILD CONDITION PEDESTRIAN AND TRANSIT PASSENGER TRIP PROJECTIONS....10-22 TABLE 10-19: BUILD CONDITION SUBWAY STATION PASSENGER VOLUMES GENERATED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 10-23 TABLE 10-20: BUILD CONDITION SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, PEAK DIRECTION ...... 10-23 TABLE 10-21: BUILD CONDITION SUBWAY LINE HAUL ANALYSIS – AM PEAK HOUR, REVERSE PEAK DIRECTION ...... 10-24 TABLE 10-22: BUILD CONDITION LOS FOR STAIRWAYS, CORRIDORS, TURNSTILES AND ESCALATORS ...... 10-24 TABLE 10-23: NO BUILD AND BUILD CONDITION BUS RIDERSHIP COMPARISON – AM PEAK HOUR...... 10-26 TABLE 10-24: NO BUILD AND BUILD CONDITION BUS RIDERSHIP COMPARISON – PM PEAK HOUR ...... 10-27 TABLE 10-25: BUILD PEDESTRIAN LOS AND VOLUMES AT ANALYZED UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS...... 10-28 TABLE 10-26: VARIATION 1: PEDESTRIAN AND TRANSIT PASSENGER TRIP PROJECTIONS...... 10-30 TABLE 10-27: VARIATION 2: PEDESTRIAN AND TRANSIT PASSENGER TRIP PROJECTIONS ...... 10-31 TABLE 10-28: VARIATION 3: PEDESTRIAN AND TRANSIT PASSENGER TRIP PROJECTIONS ...... 10-31 TABLE 11-1: APPLICABLE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...... 11-5 TABLE 11-2: REPRESENTATIVE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA (2004)...... 11-7 TABLE 11-3: BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS ...... 11-7 TABLE 11-4: MICROSCALE INTERSECTION ANALYSIS SITES ...... 11-8 TABLE 11-5: 2003 EXISTING CONDITIONS – MAXIMUM 8-HOUR CO LEVELS ...... 11-11 TABLE 11-6: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION (2009) – MAXIMUM 8-HOUR CO LEVELS ...... 11-12 TABLE 11-7: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION (2009) – MAXIMUM 8-HOUR CO LEVELS ...... 11-13 TABLE 11-8: FUTURE WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION (2009 ) – MAXIMUM PM2.5 INCREMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 11-14 TABLE 11-9: BUILDING-ON-BUILDING IMPACTS ...... 11-17 TABLE 11-10: AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF THE RAVENSWOOD POWER PLANT STACK EMISSIONS ON THE PROPOSED PROJECT’S SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ...... 11-21 TABLE 12-1: NOISE EXPOSURE GUIDELINES FOR USE IN CITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REVIEW ...... 12-6 TABLE 12-2: CEQR EXTERIOR NOISE STANDARDS AND ATTENUATION VALUES ...... 12-6 TABLE 12-3: EXISTING 24-HOUR Leq NOISE LEVELS AT SITE C (QUEENSBRIDGE PARK) ...... 12-10 TABLE 12-4: COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND TNM 2.5 LEVELS AT SITES A THROUGH E ...... 12-11 TABLE 12-5: EXISTING AM, MIDDAY AND PM NOISE LEVELS AT SITES A THROUGH E...... 12-13

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TABLE 12-6: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION: HOURLY EQUIVALENT

(LEQ) AND L10 NOISE LEVELS AT SITES A THROUGH E DURING THE AM, MIDDAY AND PM PEAK TRAFFIC PERIODS (DBA) ...... 12-15 TABLE 12-7: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION: CEQR NOISE EXPOSURE CLASSIFICATIONS OF PROJECTED NOISE LEVELS AT SITES A THROUGH E...... 12-15 TABLE 12-8: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION: HOURLY EQUIVALENT

NOISE LEVELS (LEQ) AND L10 AT SITES A THROUGH I DURING THE AM, MIDDAY, AND PM PEAK TRAFFIC PERIODS ...... 12-17 TABLE 12-9: FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION COMPARED TO 2009

FUTURE CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROPOSED ACTION LEQ: CHANGE IN NOISE LEVELS ...... 12-19 TABLE 12-10: BUILDING ATTENUATION RECOMMENDATION BASED ON PROJECTED NOISE EXPOSURE IN 2009...... 12-21 TABLE 13-1: DAILY FLOW VOLUME ...... 13-2 TABLE 13-2: WATER CONSUMPTION WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 13-4 TABLE 14-1: SOLID WASTE GENERATION...... 14-2 TABLE 15-1: ENERGY DEMAND ...... 15-2 TABLE 16-1: EAST RIVER WATER QUALITY ...... 16-5 TABLE 16-2: TYPICAL FISH SPECIES FOUND IN THE EAST RIVER ...... 16-8 TABLE 19-1: CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTED DURATIONS...... 19-1 TABLE 19-2: TYPICAL ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVELS ...... 19-12 TABLE 19-3: VIBRATION SOURCE LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION ...... 19-13 TABLE 23-1: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE: WEEKDAY AM PEAK HOUR ...... 23-8 TABLE 23-2: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE: WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 23-8 TABLE 23-3: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE: WEEKDAY PM PEAK HOUR ...... 23-9 TABLE 23-4: VEHICLE TRIPS GENERATED BY THE REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE: SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK HOUR ...... 23-9 TABLE 23-5: COMPARISON OF THE REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE WITH THE PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ...... 23-9 TABLE 23-6: PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND POTENTIAL VARIATIONS ...... 23-17 TABLE 27-1: SIGNIFICANT TRAFFIC IMPACT MITIGATION SUMMARY...... 27-1

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List of Figures

FIGURE 1-1: PROJECT LOCATION ...... 1-2 FIGURE 1-2: REZONING AREA AND PROJECT SITE ...... 1-3 FIGURE 1-3: VIEWS OF SITE ...... 1-5 FIGURE 1-4: MAXIMUM BUILDING ENVELOPE...... 1-9 FIGURE 1-5: AXONOMETRIC (3 DIMENSIONAL) SITE PLAN ...... 1-10 FIGURE 1-6: INITIATIVES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 1-15 FIGURE 1-7A: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – WEST ELEVATION...... 1-17 FIGURE 1-7B: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – NORTH ELEVATION ...... 1-18 FIGURE 1-7C: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – SOUTH ELEVATION ...... 1-19 FIGURE 1-7D: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – EAST ELEVATION ...... 1-20 FIGURE 1-7E: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – VIEW FROM ROOSEVELT ISLAND ...... 1-21 FIGURE 1-7F: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – SOUTHWEST VIEW...... 1-22 FIGURE 1-7G: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – PANORAMIC AND NORTHWEST VIEWS...... 1-23 FIGURE 1-7H: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – NIGHT VIEW FROM ROOSEVELT ISLAND ...... 1-24 FIGURE 1-7I: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – NIGHT VIEW OF ESPLANADE ...... 1-25 FIGURE 1-8: PROPOSED SILVERCUP WEST – SITE PLAN ...... 1-26 FIGURE 1-9: LANDSCAPING AND OPEN SPACE PLAN ...... 1-32 FIGURE 1-10: EXISTING ZONING...... 1-40 FIGURE 1-11: PROPOSED ZONING...... 1-41 FIGURE 2-1: LAND USE STUDY AREAS ...... 2-2 FIGURE 2-2: EXISTING LAND USE ...... 2-5 FIGURE 2-3: EXISTING ZONING...... 2-8 FIGURE 2-4: ANTICIPATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, 2009 ...... 2-13 FIGURE 2-5: PROPOSED ZONING...... 2-18 FIGURE 3-1: SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY AREA...... 3-3 FIGURE 3-2: ZIP CODE 11101 AREA ...... 3-4 FIGURE 3-3: BUSINESS INVENTORY AREA ...... 3-19 FIGURE 3-4: INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS ZONE AND OMBUDSMAN AREA BOUNDARIES ...... 3-20 FIGURE 4-1: NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER STUDY AREA ...... 4-2 FIGURE 4-2: NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER – PHOTOS 1 AND 2 ...... 4-5 FIGURE 4-3: NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER – PHOTOS 3 AND 4 ...... 4-6 FIGURE 5-1: POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS ...... 5-3 FIGURE 5-2: PUBLIC SCHOOLS ...... 5-5 FIGURE 5-3: LIBRARIES ...... 5-9 FIGURE 5-4: HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ...... 5-11 FIGURE 6-1: OPEN SPACE RESOURCES WITHIN RESIDENTIAL AND EMPLOYMENT STUDY AREAS ...... 6-3 FIGURE 6-2: LANDSCAPING AND OPEN SPACE PLAN ...... 6-9 FIGURE 6-3: PROPOSED ESPLANADE PLAN...... 6-10 FIGURE 6-4: PROPOSED ESPLANADE RENDERING ...... 6-11 FIGURE 7-1: SHADOWS - DECEMBER...... 7-8 FIGURE 7-2: SHADOWS - MAY ...... 7-9 FIGURE 7-3: SHADOWS - JUNE...... 7-11 FIGURE 7-4: SHADOWS - SEPTEMBER ...... 7-12 FIGURE 8-1: DESIGNATED HISTORIC (ARCHITECTURAL) RESOURCES ...... 8-7 FIGURE 8-2: SHADOW EFFECT AT CHAPEL OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD ...... 8-11 FIGURE 8-3: HISTORIC CONTEXT ...... 8-12 FIGURE 8-4: TERRA COTTA INSPIRED DESIGN ELEMENTS ...... 8-14 FIGURE 8-5: VIEWS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ...... 8-15

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FIGURE 9-1: TRAFFIC ANALYSIS STUDY AREA...... 9-3 FIGURE 9-2: EXISTING AM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-8 FIGURE 9-3: EXISTING MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-9 FIGURE 9-4: EXISTING PM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS...... 9-10 FIGURE 9-5: EXISTING SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-11 FIGURE 9-6: EXISTING OFF-STREET PARKING FACILITIES...... 9-13 FIGURE 9-7: EXISTING ON-STREET PARKING ZONES ...... 9-15 FIGURE 9-8: BACKGROUND DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2009 NO BUILD CONDITIONS ...... 9-17 FIGURE 9-9: 2009 NO BUILD AM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-24 FIGURE 9-10: 2009 NO BUILD MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-25 FIGURE 9-11: 2009 NO BUILD PM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-26 FIGURE 9-12: 2009 NO BUILD SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS...... 9-27 FIGURE 9-13: PROJECT SITE ENTRANCES/EXITS ...... 9-40 FIGURE 9-14: 2009 BUILD AM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS...... 9-41 FIGURE 9-15: 2009 BUILD MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-42 FIGURE 9-16: 2009 BUILD PM PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-43 FIGURE 9-17: 2009 BUILD SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK TRAFFIC LOS ...... 9-44 FIGURE 9-18A: WEEDAY GARAGE ACCUMULATION FOR 2009 BUILD CONDITIONS ...... 9-51 FIGURE 9-18B: SATURDAY GARAGE ACCUMULATION FOR 2009 BUILD CONDITIONS ...... 9-52 FIGURE 9-19: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW FOR WEEKDAY AM PEAK ...... 9-54 FIGURE 9-20: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW FOR WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK ...... 9-55 FIGURE 9-21: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW FOR WEEKDAY PM PEAK ...... 9-56 FIGURE 9-22: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW FOR SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK ...... 9-57 FIGURE 9-23: PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS ALONG VERNON BOULEVARD NEAR PROJECT SITE ENTRANCES/EXITS ...... 9-59 FIGURE 10-1: EXISTING SUBWAY LINES AND STATIONS ...... 10-3 FIGURE 10-2: QUEENSBORO PLAZA STATION PLAN ...... 10-5 FIGURE 10-3: 21ST STREET QUEENSBRIDGE STATION PLAN ...... 10-6 FIGURE 10-4: 23RD STREET-ELY AVENUE STATION PLAN...... 10-7 FIGURE 10-5: EXISTING BUS ROUTES ...... 10-12 FIGURE 11-1: AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS SITES ...... 11-9 FIGURE 12-1: COMMON INDOOR AND OUTDOOR NOISE LEVELS...... 12-3 FIGURE 12-2: NOISE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS LOCATIONS ...... 12-5 FIGURE 12-3: NOISE RECEPTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT VARIATIONS ...... 12-8 FIGURE 16-1: SOUTHWEST VIEW OF NORTHERN UPLAND ZONE FROM EAST RIVER ...... 16-3 FIGURE 16-2: SOUTHEAST VIEW OF NORTHERN UPLAND ZONE FROM EAST RIVER ...... 16-3 FIGURE 16-3: ERODING SHORELINE ALONG WESTERN EDGE OF PROJECT SITE ...... 16-6 FIGURE 16-4: EXISTING BULKHEAD ALONG WESTERN EDGE OF PROJECT SITE ...... 16-6 FIGURE 16-5: FLOODPLAINS ...... 16-11 FIGURE 17-1: AERIAL VIEW OF PROJECT SITE...... 17-3 FIGURE 17-2: FORMER USES ON NORTHERN PORTION OF PROJECT SITE...... 17-6 FIGURE 17-3: FORMER USES ON SOUTHERN PORTION OF PROJECT SITE...... 17-12 FIGURE 18-1: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES STUDY AREAS ...... 18-2 FIGURE 18-2: PHOTO LOCATOR MAP...... 18-6 FIGURE 18-3: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 1 AND 2...... 18-7 FIGURE 18-4: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 3 AND 4...... 18-8 FIGURE 18-5: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 5 AND 6...... 18-9 FIGURE 18-6: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 7 AND 8...... 18-10 FIGURE 18-7: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 9 AND 10 ...... 18-11 FIGURE 18-8: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 11 AND 12 ...... 18-12 FIGURE 18-9: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 13 AND 14 ...... 18-13 FIGURE 18-10: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 15 AND 16 ...... 18-14 FIGURE 18-11: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 17 AND 18 ...... 18-15

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FIGURE 18-12: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTOS 19 AND 20 ...... 18-16 FIGURE 18-13: URBAN DESIGN AND VISUAL RESOURCES – PHOTO 21...... 18-17 FIGURE 18-14: VIEWS TOWARD QUEENSBORO BRIDGE AND PROJECT SITE ...... 18-20 FIGURE 18-15: LANDSCAPING AND OPEN SPACE PLAN ...... 18-21 FIGURE 18-16: VIEWS OF PROJECT SITE FROM QUEENSBRIDGE PARK ...... 18-24 FIGURE 18-17: VIEWS OF PROJECT SITE FROM QUEENS PLAZA ...... 18-26 RD FIGURE 18-18: WESTWARD VIEW DOWN 43 AVENUE...... 18-28 FIGURE 19-1: PRELIMINARY MILESTONE SCHEDULE...... 19-2 FIGURE 20-1: NEW YORK CITY AND NEW YORK STATE COASTAL BOUNDARIES ...... 20-3 FIGURE 20-2: FLOODPLAIN MAP ...... 20-9 FIGURE 22-1: VIEW OF SALT STORAGE FACILITY...... 22-2 FIGURE 23-1: BULK ENVELOPE: REDUCED DENSITY ALTERNATIVE ...... 23-6 FIGURE 23-2: TYPICAL SUPPORT SPACE DETAIL...... 23-14 FIGURE 23-3: TYPICAL STUDIO LAYOUT ...... 23-15 FIGURE 27-1: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW (WEEKDAY AM PEAK) ...... 27-2 FIGURE 27-2: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW (WEEKDAY MIDDAY PEAK)...... 27-3 FIGURE 27-3: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW (WEEKDAY PM PEAK) ...... 27-4 FIGURE 27-4: 2009 TRAFFIC MITIGATION OVERVIEW (SATURDAY MIDDAY PEAK) ...... 27-5 FIGURE 27-5: PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS ALONG VERNON BOULEVARD NEAR PROJECT SITE ENTRANCES/EXITS ...... 27-7

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