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A Comparative Investigation of the Concept of Nature in the Writings of Henry M. Morris and Bernard L. Ramm

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A Comparative Investigation of the Concept of Nature in the Writings of Henry M. Morris and Bernard L. Ramm Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2006 A Comparative Investigation of the Concept of Nature in the Writings of Henry M. Morris and Bernard L. Ramm Andrew M. Mutero Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons Recommended Citation Mutero, Andrew M., "A Comparative Investigation of the Concept of Nature in the Writings of Henry M. Morris and Bernard L. Ramm" (2006). Dissertations. 104. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/104 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURE IN THE WRITINGS OF HENRY M. MORRIS AND BERNARD L. RAMM A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Andrew M. Mutero February 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3238259 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3238259 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURE IN THE WRITINGS OF HENRY M. MORRIS AND BERNARD L. RAMM A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Andrew M. Mutero APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Adviser, Director, Ph.D./Th.D. Program John T. Baldwin Roy E. Gane ProfessorDtessor otof 1Theology neology JLu<>($U ' ff, t Miroslav M. Kis Dean, SDA Theological nary Professor « f Ettiics John K. McVay Fernando L. Canale Professor of Theology and Philosophy Peter M. vanBemmelen Professor of Theology, Emeri jW y 3-Oj 100(o Ariel A. Roth Date approved Retired Director, Geo-science Research Institute Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURE IN THE WRITINGS OF HENRY M. MORRIS AND BERNARD L. RAMM by Andrew M. Mutero Adviser: John T. Baldwin Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURE IN THE WRITINGS OF HENRY M. MORRIS AND BERNARD L. RAMM Name of researcher: Andrew M. Mutero Name and degree of faculty adviser: John T. Baldwin, Ph.D. Dated completed: February 2006 The study examines two major contrasting theological accounts of nature within the contemporary North American Evangelical community as articulated by Henry Morris and Bernard Ramm. In doing so, the dissertation analyzes nature considered diachronically in three epochs namely: (1) Natura Originalis (the origin of nature); (2) Natura Continua (the contemporary status of nature); and (3) Natura Nova (the future of nature). The purpose of this research is to discover, describe, analyze, and compare the shape of the two contrasting concepts of nature articulated respectively by Morris, a strict concordist and a special creationist and Ramm, a broad concordist and a progressive Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. creationist as a first step in a systematic, theological, and comparative study of the contemporary North American evangelical understanding of nature. The core of the dissertation is a critical comparison and evaluation of the three epochs of nature according to Morris and Ramm. Their different views on nature and hermeneutics are analyzed and evaluated, and strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. The evangelical discussion of nature as represented by Morris and Ramm is framed synchronically and diachronically. In doing so, the study reaches four critical conclusions namely: 1. Whereas Ramm requires reinterpretation of Scripture when Scripture appears to make statements that counter current scientific beliefs regarding nature, the dissertation concludes that such a methodology may, however, result in giving unintended meaning to Scriptural statements about nature. 2. The synchronic and diachronic framing by the dissertation of the evangelical discussion of nature by Morris and Ramm is a useful way of illuminating their views of nature. For example, the close diachronic framing reveals that Morris’s claim that future nature mirrors original nature is not fully consistent due to the presence of hell in future nature. 3. The strict and broad concordists’ approaches to nature, as articulated by Morris and Ramm, are inadequate and insufficient for the task of developing a fully coherent evangelical concept of nature. 4. While Morris’s emphasis on a literal interpretation of Scripture is a positive development, Ramm’s call to evangelicals to be open to science and to develop a healthy attitude toward science is also commendable. However, both thinkers tend to appeal to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. the extremes of the evangelical spectrum. The dissertation suggests that there is a need for a more centrist approach to nature in evangelical discussions. The dissertation ends by making some recommendations for further study. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................... vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1 The Definition of Nature .................................................................. 1 Introduction to the Problem ............................................................ 2 Three Diachronic Epochs of Nature .......................................... 2 Three Contrasting Ways of Viewing N ature .............................. 4 The Classical View of Nature .............................................. 5 The Leibnizian View of Nature .......................................... 6 The Darwinian View of Nature ............................................ 8 Strict and Broad Evangelical Concordism in Relation to Morris and Ramm on Nature ............................ 12 The Evangelical Community’s Struggle with the Three Views of Nature .................................................. 14 The Statement of the Problem .......................................................... 22 The Purpose of the Dissertation ...................................................... 22 Justification for the Research .......................................................... 22 Delimitations.................................................................................... 27 Methodology .................................................................................... 27 n. THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT OF THE EVANGELICAL DISCUSSION OF NATURE ................................................................ 29 Introduction ...................................................................................... 29 The Distinction Between God’s Absolute and Ordained Power as Assumed Context for Contemporary Evangelical Discussion of Nature ........................................ 32 The “Laws of Nature” in Greco-Roman Culture ................ 33 The “Laws of Nature” in the Middle Ages .......................... 34 The “Laws of Nature” in the Early Modem Period ............ 37 Three Views of Nature .................................................................... 39 The Classical View of Nature as Illustrated by John Milton . 39 Introduction .......................................................................... 39 Milton and the Origin of Nature .......................................... 41 Milton and the Effect of Sin on Nature .............................. 45 Milton and the Future State of Nature ................................ 54 The Leibnizian View of Nature ...............................................
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