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Activities of Cultural and Educational Institutions in the Cotton Growing Areas of Surkhandarya Oasis

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Activities of Cultural and Educational Institutions in the Cotton Growing Areas of Surkhandarya Oasis International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 10 Issue 7, July- 2020 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | Activities of cultural and educational institutions in the cotton growing areas of Surkhandarya oasis Yokubova Dilaram Tajievna, Hasanova Nodira Ibragimovna, Normamatova Pardahol Ochildievna Teachers of the Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Keywords: cotton, cultural and educational, sewing, typewriter, telephone switchboard, radio station, hardware, cinema, theater, newspaper, folk ensemble, cinema, sports, football, music, nursery, medical service. Annotation: The practical work of the Soviet ideology in the field of organization of cultural and educational institutions, its goals, the activities of cultural and educational institutions established on collective farms during the cotton monopoly are scientifically substantiated on the basis of historical sources. Particular attention was paid to the activities of cultural and educational institutions in the cotton-growing areas of the Surkhandarya oasis and their impact on the cultural and spiritual level of the population in cotton-growing farms. In 1950, sewing and typing clubs were organized for rural women in the House of Culture in Termez, which involved 125 women from Termez, Angor and Jarkurgan districts [1]. At the regional conference held in Termez on January 25, 1950, it was strongly criticized that cultural construction work in rural areas was not sufficiently intensified, and the socio-political and cultural-educational work carried out for collective farmers was unsatisfactory [2]. In 1948-1951, the Akhunboboev collective farm in the Denau district, which is a leader in the region, built and put into operation production buildings, a warehouse, a cattle ranch, housing for the population, and a telephone switchboard for a technical workshop to serve collective farmers. In order to promote the benefits of cotton policy in Surkhandarya region on October 13, 1951 in Termez was held a regional meeting of editors of regional newspapers and employees of cultural and educational institutions in the field of propaganda and agitation to strengthen socio-political and cultural-educational work during the cotton harvest. measures to further improve the work of district newspapers were discussed [4]. The purpose of this is to hide the meaninglessness and irresponsibility of false and lofty calls, to unite the local population around these ideas, to select one of the 20-30 cotton growers and raise it to the heights, to cover the remaining comrades with orders and medals. the main goal was to cover the issue of tracking. The importance of the most reliable and timely radio stations to inform and explain to the rural population the ideas, events and challenges of the daily communist ideology, the achievements and messages of the Leninist socialist agrarian networks has increased. The second secretary of the district personally dealt with the issue of sufficient funds and logistics. The provision of these views was taken under separate control and included in the People's Oversight Report. This can be analyzed in the following examples, e.g. Surkhandarya region On September 9, 1951, a radio station was launched at the Stalin International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences 80 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 10 Issue 7, July- 2020 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | kolkhoz in the Akkurgan village council of the Sherabad district, and public buildings, field sheds, and collective farm houses were radioed. In 1954, there were 41 radio stations in Surkhandarya region, 21 of which operated in the regional collective farms, including 2 in Denau region, 3 in Sherabad region, 3 in Uzun region and 1 in Shurchi region, which served a total of 18 collective farms. In addition, 18 collective farms were connected to the district radio stations. However, radio stations were not set up in 63 kolkhozes, and kolkhoz members were deprived of even basic information. A total of 3,006 radio stations were installed in the existing collective farms in the oblast, of which 2,850 radio stations were installed in the houses of collective farmers. Taking into account the interests of collective farmers, the possibility of allocating the necessary funds to address the existing problems in the installation of radio stations in the homes of collective farmers, based on daily needs, has not been fully used. The local income of the kolkhozes did not allow for the allocation of funds to this sphere. Although it was planned to install 320 radio stations in the region every quarter, this number was two and three times less. There was a lack of additional batteries for radio stations and the necessary equipment for radio equipment, for example, an average of 800 sets of equipment per quarter were not provided. For example, additional equipment for Rodina-52 radios was regularly lacking. One of the main problems was the lack of master engineers who adjusted the radial apparatus, and the lack of repair shops for them [6]. Another area of ideological policy has been reflected in the attitude towards cinemas serving the cotton growers in the countryside. In particular, in Sherabad, Shurchi, Uzun, Denau and other districts of Surkhandarya region, the showing of films to the rural population was in poor condition in 1951, the buildings of several cinemas in the region were not in demand, the funds allocated for construction were not used. the district party committees were instructed to eliminate it as soon as possible. In the Surkhandarya region in 1950-1960, cultural and educational activities in the cotton villages were extremely low and sluggish, and the allocation of funds for material support for cultural events was not at the required level. The funds of the kolkhozes were limited to attract the theater, newspapers, and folk ensembles to the rural population, and the bulk of the income was directed to the interests of the Center, with the remaining insignificant income going to wages. Partial construction was intended to be spent. The main cultural event is focused on non-refundable film services. According to historical sources, in the cotton-growing villages of the region, cinema services were not organized at the required level. In 1954, instead of 3967 cinema services, 2715 cinema services were shown, the plan was fulfilled by 68% and the total rural population was 73%. In some desert villages, film service was not carried out at all. In particular, the organization of the film service was completed by 50% in the villages of Boysun district, and only 45% in the villages of Sherabad district. In 1954, the Lenin collective farm in the Jarkurgan district had 28 film services, the Bolshevik collective farm had only 1-4, and the Karl Marx collective farm in the Shurchi district had never had a cinema service for the rural population. Cameras for the provision of film services to the provincial collective farms. Despite the lack of specialists who make up the film industry, the allocation of material and moral resources to this area has caused great difficulties due to the extremely low level. The lack of vehicles needed to deliver film screenings, provide new films, keep films at the required level, and organize film services for the rural population was also a serious obstacle to the timely International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences 81 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 10 Issue 7, July- 2020 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | establishment of cinema services. The Stalin collective farm in the Denau district, which was established only once in 1954, failed to implement the plan due to the poor quality of the next film screenings and the lack of timely access to cars. In the Kuybishev and Kirov collective farms in the district, only 1-3 film screenings were organized in 4 months [8]. Documentary and popular science films on various topics, both in Uzbek and Russian, were rarely shown to the local population in the cotton-growing villages of the region, with a short 3-5- minute matrix. It should be noted that the film screenings organized for the collective farmers would not be completed until the end of the film due to the fact that the film screenings did not start at the beginning or in the middle and final parts of the film. Of the 34 cinemas in the province, 11 were designed for short films and did not have the capacity to show new wide-screen films produced in the 1950s, and it was unfortunate that they did not have the capacity to illuminate and transmit sound to film screens in field sheds. 3 out of 4 cinemas allocated for the service of Jarqurghon district have no short-term sound or long-distance image and sound capacity. Sixty to 70 percent of screenplays were not shown until the end. In cotton farms, which are the mainstay of agriculture, the policy of building sports stadiums and creating conditions for athletes at the expense of collective farm revenues has been under constant control, but its material and moral support from the state has not been fully realized in practice. However, the economically strong kolkhozes focused on sports because of their capabilities. In particular, 8 strong teams of the region took part in football competitions for the regional championship at the stadium of Stalin and New Rozgor 2 collective farms in Uzun district of Surkhandarya region.
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