Bulletin Arnerican Meteorological Society

Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Gardner Perry III, Cooley, D. S., and R. G. Derouin, 1972: Long term verifica- Robert S. Crosby, and C. Reed Hodgin, of MIT, for tion trends of forecasts by the . assistance in various phases of the work, and to all those NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS FCST-18, Washing- participating forecasters who over the years have been ton, D.C. Epstein, E. S., 1969: A scoring system for probability fore- willing to lay their egos on the line. casts of ranked categories. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 985-987. Klein, W. H., and F. Lewis, 1970: Computer forecasts of References maximum and minimum temperatures. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, Brier, G. W., 1950: Verification of forecasts expressed in 350-359. terms of probability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 78, 1-3. Murphy, A. H., 1971: A note on the ranked probability score. Brown, H. E., and E. B. Fawcett, 1972: Use of numerical J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 155-156. guidance at the National Weather Services National Mete- Sanders, F., 1963: On subjective probability forecasting, J. orological Center. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 1175-1182. Appl. Meteor., 2, 191-201.

announcements

NACOA urges better resource management transition to substantial use of offshore and foreign oil and Urging more effective organization of federal activities in gas, and energy from nonconventional sources. natural resource management, the National Advisory Com- NACOA supported Coastal Zone Management legisla- mittee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) gave strong tion enacted last year but recommended a "substantive start support in its Second Annual Report to a cabinet-level De- in funding existing legislation." Fortunately, $5 million has partment of Natural Resources. been made part of the FY 1974 supplemental budget request The 25-member advisory committee (with no federal em- since the report was writen. ployees) was created by Congress in 1971. (For additional Concerning atmospheric activities, the Committee noted background on NACOA, see BULLETIN. 54, 419-424.) It is that the United States has led in the advances of recent required by law to maintain a continuing review of the years in observing, describing, understanding, and simulating marine and atmospheric science programs of the United large-scale atmospheric behavior. It then suggested increasing States and to submit reports to the President and Congress. the relative effort on smaller-scale intense meteorological The Chairman is Dr. William A. Nierenberg, Director of the phenomena, such as flash floods, tornadoes, severe hail, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. on local forecasting to increase the value of weather fore- In its Second Annual Report to the President and Congress casting to weather-sensitive activities. NACOA repeated the released 31 August 1973, the Committee observed "a dis- recommendation of its Special Report on Hurricane Agnes persal of management and a withdrawal of support from floods that public response to forecasts and warnings needs long-range centralized endeavors which could result in careful study in order to improve their usefulness. trouble." Noting that the federal budget crisis was less severe In regard to weather modification the Committee as- than it appeared to be earlier in the year, NACOA urged serted that "although we appear to stand on the threshold of the President to direct a reconsideration of high priority practical weather modification, and some limited aspects are needs in ocean and atmospheric affairs. now operational, not enough is known about it to make it The report comments on a number of controversial topics: ready for general operational use." They stressed the fact resource management organization, energy, the coastal zone, that not only physical research, but also careful study of atmospheric affairs, and fisheries. The Committee found social, legal, and economic questions must be carried out. In management of land, water, and atmospheric resources so the area of fisheries management NACOA again emphasized conservation, the "species approach," and the need for interrelated that they should be joined organizationally, and planning on a national scale. stressed the fact that they are primarily interested in seeing "A Report to the President and the Congress by the Na- that oceanic and atmospheric efforts were given a focus which tional Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere, recognizes their unique and special characteristics. Second Annual Report, June 20, 1973," is available from the In a chapter on "Energy and the Oceans," the Committee Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing said that the oceans could and must play an increasing role Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 at 55 cents per copy. in serving energy needs of the United States during the (More announcements on page 1182)

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 07:07 PM UTC Vol. 54, No. 11, November 1973 had done so, like Amundsen, he would have probably made good map of Antarctica, showing all the past and present it back. On page 25, the Australian station Mawson was stations, and identifying them as such, would have been already in existence before the IGY started, as the only con- useful. The two small maps on pages XV and 3 are tinental station outside the Antarctica peninsula area. The inadequate. frequent references to the Bulletin are somewhat confusing All these are minor shortcomings, however, which do not to non-Bulletin readers. The introductory paragraphs, such as seriously detract from the value of the book as a readable the one on page 64, are sometimes written in both the first and interesting source of information on a wide range of and third person, which is also confusing. At the bottom of topics, dealing with the why? and how? of U.S. and foreign page 74, one or several lines are missing, and so one. Also, a activities on this fascinating continent.—Gunter Weller

(Continued from announcements, page 1179) The National Weather Service's river and flood forecast and warning services would be extended throughout the Improved national disaster warning system United States; the installation of more than 100 automatic Federal agencies have announced plans for improved natural alarm devices will guard against flash floods, and hydrologic disaster warning and preparedness, designed to reduce the specialists would be trained to provide technical assistance nation's loss of life and estimated $10 billion annual eco- in establishing flash flood warning systems. nomic losses from such disasters. The long-range effort de- For more accurate information on hurricanes, NOAA re- scribed in "A Federal Plan for Natural Disaster Warning and search aircraft and Air Force reconnaissance planes are being Preparedness" includes activities of all U.S. agencies with re- equipped with improved airborne automated data-acquisition sponsibilities related to public warnings and preparedness systems. Development of computerized hurricane prediction for hurricanes and storm surges, tornadoes and severe local techniques will be continued, and a modern data-handling storms, fire weather, severe winter weather, river and flash and display system will be developed for NOAA's National floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, frosts and freezes, Hurricane Center in Miami. The automated technique re- landslides and avalanches, and volcanic eruptions. The plan cently devised for predicting hurricane storm surges would responds to actions emphasized in the President's 1972 mes- be extended to 10 additional points on the east coast. Maps sage to Congress, the report to Congress on Disaster Pre- showing hurricane evacuation routes, now available for four paredness by the former Office of Emergency Preparedness, coastal areas, would be prepared for all low-lying areas of and the special analysis of the Hurricane Agnes floods by the east and Gulf coasts to aid local officials in planning for the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere. evacuation of endangered areas. The Project Stormfury hur- The newly published plan states that although the United ricane modification research program is scheduled to be States operates the most efficient disaster warning system in resumed in the Pacific during Fiscal Year 1976. the world, each year natural disasters exact an enormous An important aspect of the plan is implementation of a toll of lives, suffering, and economic losses. The new plan NOAA-proposed system known as AFOS (Automation of is designed to reduce this toll by significantly improving the Field Operations and Services, see news and notes, page accuracy and timeliness of warnings by making warnings 1195). Warning dissemination will also be improved by the available to all who need them and, at the same time, de- extension of NOAA's Weather Wire Service, now in 25 veloping the capability to warn only threatened areas, and states, throughout the nation to transmit timely weather by making assistance in preparedness planning available to forecast and warning information to news media. NOAA's all communities. network of VHF-FM continuous weather broadcast stations A major improvement in the system will be achieved with would be expanded over the next five years from 63 to about the orbiting of the Geostationary Operational Environ- 300 installations, bringing the service to most large urban mental Satellite (GOES) which will provide near continuous areas and to coastal regions with extensive fishing and surveillance of severe storms will also relay atmospheric, recreational boating activities. Recorded telephone wea- hydrologic, and seismic data from remote sites to key fore- ther service would be increased, making weather forecast cast and warning centers. During the first year the GOES and warning information available to 90% of the nation's system is operational, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric population. Administration plans to have 200 liver and rainfall stations To help local governments improve emergency planning relay data through the spacecraft for use in preparing flood for all types of disasters the Defense Civil Preparedness warnings. Many more automated river and rainfall stations, Agency has initiated an On-Site Assistance effort, and the Na- seismic stations, and tide and wave gages will be added in tional Weather Service plans to assign community prepared- future years. Present plans call for installation of five additional long- ness specialists to 14 key weather offices during the coming range weather radars at sites in , Texas, , year. North Dakota, and Nebraska; installation of 66 local storm Implementation of the warning plan will depend on avail- warning radars; joint use with FAA of radar systems at able appropriations. The full report, "A Federal Plan for Denver, Colo., and Anchorage, Alaska; and transferring of Natural Disaster Warnings and Preparedness," can be pur- displays from nearby radars to 74 additional weather offices. chased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- Each long-range weather surveillance radar would be ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, for $2.10, equipped with a system for digitized display of radar echoes, or can be bought at G.P.O. bookstores for $1.75 per copy. providing information on precipitation intensity in remote areas. (More announcements on page 1185)

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The Department of Meteorology and Planetary Physics of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., Oceanography of New York Univer- having left the Department of Meteorology at the Massa- sity has presented the Edwin L. Fisher chusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Memorial Award to James Edward John Sherrod has been appointed vice president and gen- Overland in recognition of his out- eral manager of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- standing independent research for his istration Facility Operation Division of Informatics, Inc. doctoral dissertation entitled: "A Systems and Services Company. He assumes responsibility for model of salt intrusion in a partially implementation of systems development and operating ser- mixed estuary." Overland received his vices required in NASA's programs for the storage and re- Bachelor's degree in physical oceanog- trieval of aerospace information worldwide. Prior to joining raphy in 1970 and the Master's de- NASA Facility Operations Division, Sherrod was director of gree in 1971, both from the University of Washington. Dr. the National Agricultural Library in Beltsville, Md. Edwin L. Fisher was a Senior Research Scientist and Ad- Jagadish Shukla is now with the Geophysical Fluid Dy- junct Professor of Meteorology at New York University before namics Laboratory of Princeton University in Princeton, his death in 1962. N.J., having left the Department of Meteorology of the Richard E. Payne has left the Department of Oceanogra- Institute of Technology in Cambridge. phy at the University of Southampton, England, to join the John L. Stanford has left the National Center for Atmo- staff of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods spheric Research at Boulder, Colo., and has joined the Hole, Mass. Physics Department at Iowa State University in Ames, la. Ronald L. Petersen is now employed at North American Joe L. Sutherland has left Weather Science, Inc., of Weather Consultants in Goleta, Calif., as a research mete- Norman, Okla., and is currently with North American Wea- orologist. ther Consultants of Goleta, Calif. Richard E. Peterson has left Purdue University where he Ching-Yen Tsay has left his position with the National was associated with the departments of Geosciences and Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., and is Agronomy to join the atmospheric science program in the now at the Center for Earth and Planetary Physics of Har- Department of Geosciences of Texas Tech University, Lub- vard University in Cambridge, Mass. bock, Texas. Col. Robert Wood, former Commander of the 31st Weather Squadron at Ramstein Air Base, has become Vice Com- Willard J. Pierson is now Professor of Oceanography at the mander of the 2nd Weather Wing at Lindsey Air Station, University Institute of Oceanography of the City College Weisbaden, Germany. Wood will remain at Ramstein serving of New York. as the Assistant Staff Weather Officer to the U.S. Air Force. Xavier William Proenza has been named Special Services Robert E. Zabrecky (Bob Breck) has joined WLWD-TV, Division at the National Weather Service Central Region Dayton, Ohio, as meteorologist. He previously was senior Headquarters in Kansas City, Mo. He will be the focal point assistant to the Weather Director at WTVT-TV in Tampa, for agriculture, fire-weather, and marine services in the Fla. region. Prior to his appointment, Proenza served at NWS Headquarters in Silver Spring, Md. about our corporation members U. Radok joined the Office of Polar Programs at the Na- Techecology, Inc., has introduced a new line of micromete- tional Science Foundation, leaving the Meteorology Depart- orological test instrumentation. The new MET-SET instru- ment at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, ments include wind speed and direction sensors, temperature to do so. and dew point sensors and shields, barometric sensors, and a Edward S. Sarachik is now at the Center for Earth and selection of signal processing modules.

(Continued from announcements, page 1182) Program co-chairmen will be Prof. George A. Dawson, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Cloud physics conference—call for papers Tucson, Ariz. 85721 and Dr. Ronald L. Lavoie, NOAA, Rm. A Conference on Cloud Physics, sponsored by the Ameri- 727, WSC-5, 6010 Executive Blvd., Rockville, Md. 20852. can Meteorological Society, will be held 21-24 October 1974 Abstracts should be submitted to Dr. Lavoie prior to 19 April at the Hilton Inn, Tucson, Ariz. The technical program is 1974; please be sure to include a complete return address being organized by the AMS Committee on Cloud Physics. (name, div., dept., organization, street address, city, state, The program will consist of eight non-overlapping sessions and zip code). with the following tentative titles: 1) Condensation and ice nucleation processes; 2) Precipitation growth processes; NTIS offers credit card service 3) The role of ice in cloud systems; 4) Cloud modeling; 5) All technical reports published by federal agencies can be Cloud measurements; 6) Cloud electrification; 7) Zero-gravity ordered from the National Technical Information Service of experiments; and 8) Control of cloud development by the Department of Commerce, and for the first time they larger scale motions. can be charged to a customer's national credit card. It was Brief abstracts with titles must be submitted by 19 announced that NTIS and the American Express Company April 1974. If the paper is accepted, the author will receive have signed an agreement permitting commercial credit special copy paper (11"X 14"), and instructions for typing card purchases of government products. All federal research the manuscript for a Preprint Volume. These extended ab- completed since 1964 is available in paper copy, microform, stracts can be 2, 4, or 6 pages in length, including diagrams, or magnetic tape. and must be submitted by 8 July 1974. (More announcements on page 1187)

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Executive Director Kenneth C. Spengler left Boston on 2 on the evening of 25 September and throughout the follow- September to attend in Vienna and Geneva the IMO-WMO ing day. Attending were: President William W. Kellogg, Na- Centenary, celebrating 100 years of international cooperation tional Center for Atmospheric Research; President-Elect in meteorology. President William W. Kellogg was also an David S. Johnson, National Environmental Satellite Service, invited member of the U.S. delegation. The celebrations NOAA; Past President Richard J. Reed, University of Wash- commenced in Vienna on the 4-7 September and then con- ington; Councilors Patrick D. McTaggart-Cowan, Science tinued in Geneva from the 10th to the 12th of September. Council of , and R. Adm. William K. Kotsch, Depart- The occasion provided a unique opportunity to discuss AMS ment of Defense; Executive Director Kenneth C. Spengler; activities with the heads of meteorological services around and Secretary-Treasurer David F. Landrigan. the world. The Society's evolving publications program and During September the following were among visitors to the possibilities of AMS participation in international scien- the AMS: James Cogan, Lexington, Mass.; Kenneth W. John- tific meetings were especially significant topics. Several dis- son, Tallahassee, Fla.; Raymond A. Johnson, Sutter, Mass.; cussions were held with Mr. S. Tewungwa, Director of the R. Wise, New York, N.Y.; Mary Duffy, Boston, Mass.; M. East African Meteorological Department, concerning plans Tourney, Framingham, Mass.; V. Cammarata, Boston, Mass.; for our forthcoming symposium on tropical meteorology in Bob Burpee, Reading, Mass.; Claude Cimon, Salem, Mass.; Nairobi on 31 January to 7 February 1974. Barbara Hall, Lexington, Mass.; Maureen Fitzgerald, Boston, Brigadier General Spengler returned home on the eve- Mass.; John Prohasta, Boston, Mass.; Robert Mendell, Ran- ning of the 12th and went on to Washington, D.C., for the dolph, Mass.; Harold A. Nagel, Waterford, Conn.; Mrs. annual briefing of Air Force Reserve General Officers at the Carter C., Porter, Tucson, Ariz.; Omar T. Johnson, Boston, Pentagon on 13-14 September. Mass.; Larry Euton, Huntington Beach, Calif.; Robert Greco, On 18 September the AMS Board of Admissions met at Huntington Beach, Calif.; G. Muegge, St. Paul, Minn.; headquarters. Attending were: Arnold Barnes (Chairman), Monte Glovinsky, Bedford, Mass.; L. Nelson, Bedford, Mass.; Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Sudbury, Mass.; Edward M. Brooks, Newton, Mass.; W. Vickers, Bedford, David J. Beaubien, EG&G, Inc., Bedford, Mass.; Robert C. Mass.; Paul Twitchell, Office of Naval Research, Boston, Curtis, Department of Meteorology, Lowell Technological Mass.; Paul E. Sherr, Carlisle, Mass.; Richard Zablocki, Chest- Institute, Lowell, Mass.; Peter R. Leavitt, Northeast Weather nut Hill, Mass.; Jill Medvedon, Hamilton, N.Y.; Glenn Service, Bedford, Mass.; and Robert E. Lautzenheiser, Read- Villiard, Holbrook, Mass.; J. L. Keein, Montreal, Canada; ing, Mass. Larry Hardy, Charlotte, N.C.; Michael H. Mery, Boston, The Executive Committee of the AMS met at headquarters Mass.; and Peter Edmonds, New York, N.Y.

(Continued from announcements, page 1185) parisons with existing atmospheric models confirm the general seasonal variations, but also provide more detail Atmospheric soundings of the changes occurring during individual years than any A medium-frequency (2.2 MHz) radiowave system has been other set of data available. Evidence is available for mid- established at Saskatoon, Canada (52N, 106W) to measure winter reversals of— 1 week duration between the heights of electron densities and winds in the mesosphere and lower 30 and 100 km. (Rocket data from a nearby M.R.N, site (54N, thermosphere. The system utilizes partial reflection of radio- 110W) are available from 30-60 km.) These data provide waves from naturally occurring ionospheric and atmospheric good evidence for coupling between stratospheric and irregularities. magnetospheric/thermospheric regions. Various experiments have been developed by physicists Since mid-1972, a rapid sounding system has been operated _1 at the Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Univer- (12 hr ), to provide as many as 12 wind profiles (50-120 km) sity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. The facilities which each hour. No other facility, other than rockets, whose cost support these experiments include a pulsed transmitter (250 at this rate is prohibitive, can approach this rate of sound- kW, O^L 20 /usee), a variety of receiving and transmitting ing. Analysis of these winds has produced clear identifica- antennas, and amplitude and phase detection receivers. A tion of dominant atmospheric gravity wave modes; and also magnetic-tape digital recording system capable of auto- the seasonal, diurnal, and altitude variations of the asso- matic operation and great flexibility of sounding rates (1 ciated perturbation winds and shears. day-1 12 hr_1) is available. A riometer, an ionosonde, a mag- Atmospheric scientists and meteorologists interested in netometer, and an all-sky camera are also available at the visiting or using the facility for short or long periods are site (Park Observatory). welcome. Proposals for the use of existing data or the estab- This partial reflection system has been used since the lishment of a new observational program may be made to winter of 1969 to obtain mean zonal and meridional time Dr. J. B. Gregory, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, cross-sections (70-105 km), for which the time resolution University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. has been improved from a month to a week since 1971. Com- (More announcements on page 1203)

Bulletin American Meteorological Society 1187

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(Continued from announcements, page 1187) will be held at the University of California, Los Angeles. For information contact: Prof. Yale Mintz, Department of Mete- New geology journal orology, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024. A new monthly journal called Geology is being published by the Geology Society of America. It is designed to empha- 27-29 March 1974: The Verband Deutscher Meteorologischer size current awareness in the earth sciences and should Gesellschaften will hold a Meteorological Conference in Bad occupy an intermediate place between the informal litera- Hamburg v.d. H. (Federal Republic of Germany). Scientific ture of preprints and word-of-mouth communication, and sessions will cover: 1) GARP—aims and plans; 2) anthropo- permanently archived formal publications such as the Geo- genic influences on the atmosphere; 3) problems of numerical logical Society's Bulletin. short and medium range forecasting; and 4) methods of The scope of the new journal will be broad, running from objective local forecasting. Contact: Organisationsausschuss, reports of conferences and symposia to the purely specula- Meteorlogentagung 1974, D-6050 Offenbach (Main) 1, Frank- tive. It will contain brief technical papers as well as a forum furter Strasse 135, Federal Republic of Germany. for discussion of geology and related fields. A section en- titled "Current Abstracts" will contain abstracts of papers New publications that have been accepted by the Society for later publication Abatement and pollution control training and educational in their Bulletin. programs presented by the U.S. Environmental Protection The emphasis of Geology will be on keeping readers more Agency, July 1973-June 1975 (July 1973, 100 pp., n.p., paper- up to date in the earth sciences. The editors hope to achieve bound, from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, current awareness by quick publication—eight weeks from Office of Planning and Management. Office of Education and acceptance of a manuscript. Manpower Planning, Washington, D.C. 20460) contains de- scriptions of pollution abatement and control courses offered Meteorology courses available by the EPA with application forms. The graduate school at Rutgers University has changed its An application of model output statistics to the prediction policy in relation to the admission of part-time nonmatricu- of ceiling and visibility (FAA-RD-73-14, Joseph R. Bocchieri, lated students who may wish to register for graduate courses Harry R. Glahn, and Frank T. Globokar, March 1973, 64 as a part of continuing education. The recognition of the pp., n.p., from National Technical Information Service, U.S. need of many professional people to participate in formal Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151) reports on educational programs to review or update their previous the use of the Model Output Statistics (MOS) approach to education has led to more lenient standards of admission develop prediction equations for ceiling and visibility. MOS where a degree is not the objective. The University Exten- consists of determining a statistical relationship between a sion Division has been chosen to assist in disseminating in- predictand and the forecast output of numerical prediction formation and in helping those interested in the admission models. and registration process. The university is hopeful that this change in policy will be useful to members of the mete- Astronomy: Fundamentals and frontiers (Robert Jastrow and orological profession. Malcom H. Thompson, 1972, xiv + 404 pp., il., £7.35, from For further information contact Dr. Mark Shulman, Grad- John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016) uate Director of the Department of Meteorology, Rutgers aims to provide the liberal arts student with a one-year University, or William J. Daw, Associate Extension Specialist, course dealing with the central problems of 20th century Rutgers University Extension Division, 137 Church St., New astronomy. To provide an astrophysical background, sections Brunswick, N.J. 08901. on the stars, galaxies, and cosmology precede those on the solar system, the Earth, and the evolution of life. The book contains some explanation of fundamental physics, and Meetings of interest chapters on the evolution of the stars and the elements. 25-27 February 1974: The 34th Annual Physical Electronics Biometeorology, Volume 5 (1972, 153 + 271 pp., 102 dutch Conference, sponsored by the American Physical Society, will guilders, from Swets & Zeitlinger N.V. Publishing Co., take place at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J. The con- Heereweg 347B, LISSE, The Netherlands) contains in two ference committee invites the submission of papers concerned parts the Proceedings of the Vlth International Biomete- with the physics of solid surfaces, relating to the electronics, orological Congress held in Noordwijk in 1972. crystallographic, or chemical structure of surfaces as obtained by electron diffraction and by various optical and electron Black holes (edited by C. Dewitt and B. S. Dewitt, 1973, spectroscopies. Abstracts must be received by 11 January 552 pp., society member price—$19.50, hardbound, from 1974 and should be addressed to Local Chairman, H. D. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc., 1 Park Ave., Hagstrum, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J. New York, N.Y. 10016) contains lectures presented at the 20-22 March 1974: An Artificial Reef Conference concerned Summer School of Theoretical Physics of the University of with experiences and opportunities in enhancing the marine Grenoble on such subjects as black hole astrophysics, environment will be held at the Astroworld Hotel in Hous- observations of galactic x-ray sources, the event horizon, ton, Texas. For information contact: Joe C. Moseley, execu- rapidly rotating stars, disks, and black holes, and black hole tive director, Texas Coastal and Marine Council, Box 13407, equilibrium states. Austin, Texas 78711. Climate change and the influence of man's activities on the 25 March-4 April 1974: The Second Workshop on the UCLA global environment (William W. Kellogg, 1972, 23 pp., $3.75, General Circulation Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans paperbound, from the MITRE Corp., P.O. Box 208, Bedford,

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 07:07 PM UTC Announcing AMS Publication of

MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW

beginning with Volume 102, No. 1, January 1974. (Formerly published by the Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.)

Under the editorship of Chester W. Newton, the Monthly Weather Review will continue its basic emphases on the meteorological topics of weather observation, analysis and forecasting, and instrumentation. Gradual implementation, however, of certain new publication policies is contemplated, especially as they affect the interrelationship between the Journal of Applied Meteorology and the Monthly Weather Review. For further information the reader is referred to the August 1973 issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

Manuscripts for the two departments of the Monthly Weather Review (Articles and Notes or Correspondence) should be submitted to Dr. Chester W. Newton, Editor, Monthly Weather Review, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P. 0. Box 1470, Boulder, Colo. 80302 [phone (303)494-5151]. Authors may be members or nonmembers of the Society, and of any nationality, but only manuscripts in the English language can be accepted. Reference should be made to current issues of the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Journal of Applied Meteor- ology, or Journal of Physical Oceanography for guidance in the preparation of papers.

Authors' institutions will be requested to pay a publication charge of $60 per page, in con- formance with the current rate for all Society journals, and in accord with the common practice of other scientific and technical societies.

The Monthly Weather Review will be available on a calendar year, subscription-only basis at an annual rate of $60 ($20 to AMS members). The single issue price will be $6 ($3 to AMS members).

American Meteorological Society 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108

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Mass. 01730) discusses the possible effects of pollution caused National atmospheric sciences program: Fiscal year 1974 by the impact of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, "albedo (ICAS 17-FY74, Interdepartmental Committee for Atmo- changes," irrigation, and the direct release of heat on the spheric Sciences, May 1973, 100 pp., n.p., from U.S. Govern- earth's climate. ment Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Wash- ington, D.C. 20402) is an outline of the total federal budget Compendium on meteorological satellites and instrumenta- devoted to atmospheric science undertakings, including both tion (NSSDC 73-02, Norman W. Stoldt and Peter J. ongoing research and planned efforts. Havanac, July 1973, 455 pp. + appendices, n.p., from Na- tional Space Science Data Center, NASA, Goddard Space National engineering handbook: Section 4, hydrology (A Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771) contains pertinent in- 57.6/2: En f/Sec. 4/Rev. 2, S/N 0107-00683, revised 1972, 547 formation on 98 launched and planned satellites of the U.S., pp., il., $5.75, from GPO, above) contains methods and ex- the USSR, France, and the , as well as over amples for studying the hydrology of watersheds, for solving 200 meteorological experiments or instruments. special hydrologic problems that arise in planning watershed protection and flood prevention projects, for preparing work- Handbook on the principles of hydrology: a general text with ing tools, and for training personnel. special emphasis on Canadian conditions (Donald M. Gray, editor, 1973, 720 pp., $12.50, paperbound, from Water Infor- mation Center, 44 Sintsink Drive E., Port Washington, N.Y. The following NOAA Technical Reports are now available: 11050) is intended to serve as a text for the teaching of students in hydrology at both the advanced undergraduate A comparison of manual and semi-automatic methods of and first-year graduate levels, and also to provide a handbook digitizing analog wind records (NOAA TM NWS WR 83, for those individuals active in the practical aspects of hy- COM-73-10669, Glenn E. Rasch, March 1973, 10 pp., n.p., drology so that they may gain an appreciation of basic from National Technical Information Service, U.S. Depart- hydrologic principles and have access to Canadian water data. ment of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151). Estimation of average daily rainfall from satellite cloud An introduction to environmental sciences (Joseph M. Moran, Michael D. Morgan, and James H. Wiersma, 1973, x -f 389 photographs (NOAA TM NESS 44, Jan. 1973, 39 pp., n.p., pp., il., $10.95, hardbound, from Little, Brown, and Co., 34 from NTIS, above). Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02106) examines the ecosystem as Gravity current model applied to analysis of squall-line gust a whole, then subdivides it into its constituent parts, finally front (NOAA TM ERL NSSL-61, COM-73-10410, Jess Charba, reuniting these aspects in a "wholistic" view, and showing the Nov. 1972, 61 pp., n.p., from U.S. Government Printing interrelationships of the processes and components within Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. ecosystems which demonstrate our absolute dependence on 20402). the environment. Hurricane modeling experiments with a new parameteri- Marine physics (R. E. Craig, 1972, 92 pp., $5.00, from Aca- zation for cumulus convection (NOAA TM ERL WMPO-4, demic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003) considers Stanley L. Rosenthal, July 1973, 41 pp., n.p., from NTIS, processes such as density currents and diffusion and transfer above). of momentum from the atmosphere to the ocean, first indi- vidually and then assessing their combined effect in the A preliminary view of storm surges before and after storm complex situation of the real sea. The book also includes an modifications (NOAA TM ERL WMPO-3, C. P. Jelesnianski elementary analysis of wave characteristics and a detailed and A. D. Taylor, May 1973, 33 pp., n.p., paperbound, from qualitative description of the tides, and chapters on under- the Weather Modification Program Office, Boulder, Colo.). sea optics and acoustics. A three-dimensional numerical model of the sea breezes over South (NOAA TM ERL WMPO-2, Roger A. Pielke, Means of acquisition and communication of ocean data (Vol- March 1973, 136 pp., n.p., paperbound, from NTIS, above). ume 1: Ocean data requirements and communication facili- ties, MSA 6, 1973, 267 pp., il., $16.50, from UNIPUB, Box Toward developing a quality control system for rawinsonde 433, New York, N.Y.; Volume 2: Surface, subsurface and up- reports (NOAA TM NWS NMC 52, COM-73-10673, Frederick per air observations, MSA 7, 1973, 600 pp., il., $32.50, from G. Finger and Arthur R. Thomas, Feb. 1973, 29 pp., n.p., UNIPUB, above) both examine current technical and scien- from NTIS, above). tific capabilities, as well as potential developments for the future, and assess new means of acquiring and disseminat- ing data on the ocean and its atmosphere. National Weather Service observing handbook No. 2: Sub- station observations (C 55.108/2.2, S/N 0318-0034, 1973, 77 Methods for the approximate solution of time dependent pp., il., $1.00, from GPO, above) is a guide intended for the problems (GARP Pub. series No. 10, H. Kreiss and J. Oliger, use of observers who take and record observations of tem- Feb. 1973, 107, pp., $3.00 paper copy, from UNIPUB, above). perature, precipitation, evaporation, soil temperature, and atmospheric phenomena for the NWS. It describes main- Models for environmental pollution control (Rolf A. Deinin- tenance of instruments and equipment also. ger, 1973, 450 pp., $24.50, from Ann Arbor Science Publishers, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106) is about mathe- 1972 operational report for METROMEX (William P. Lowry, matical models and optimization regarding the control of air April 1973, 85 pp., n.p., from Illinois State Water Survey, and water pollution, solid waste disposal, noise pollution, Urbana, 111. 61801) gives a general calendar of field opera- and general water resources development. tions for 1972 and details the participation of the Argonne

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 07:07 PM UTC American Meteorological society announces The Father James B. Macelwane Annual Awards for original papers on meteorology, The Howard T. Orville Scholarship in Meteorology, and The Howard H. Hanks, Jr., Scholarship in Meteorology

Undergraduate The Father James B. Macelwane Annual Awards were established by the American awards Meteorological Society to honor the late Rev. James B. Macelwane, S.J., geophysicist and Dean of the fnstitute of Technology, Saint Louis University, until his death in 1956. Father Macelwane was a world renowned authority on seismology. The purpose of these awards is to stimulate interest in meteorology among college stu- dents. All registered undergraduate students of a college or university in the Americas are eligible to participate. The only restriction is that no more than two students may enter contest papers from any one institution. The Society encourages original student papers concerned with some phase of the atmos- pheric sciences. Award stipends are supported by Weather Corporation of America, private meteorological consultants, Saint Louis, Mo. A stipend of $150.00 is awarded to the author of the paper deemed most worthy by the judging committee. Additionally, stipends of $100.00 and $50.00 are awarded to second and third place winners.

Undergraduate The Howard T. Orville Scholarship in Meteorology honors the late Howard T. Orville, scholarships Head of the Naval Aerological Service, 1940-50, when he retired as Captain, USN. He later served in key industrial posts and as Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Weather Control in 1953. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, his service was marked by many commendations. Capt. Orville was President of the American Meteoro- logical Society, 1948-49. Through a bequest from the estate of Howard T. Orville, the Society gives an annual scholarship of $300.00. The Howard H. Hanks, Jr., Scholarship in Meteorology honors the late Howard- H. Hanks, Jr. Mr. Hanks engaged for several years in applied and industrial meteorology until his very promising career was cut short by a plane crash. He was Vice President of Weather Corporation of America at the time of his death. A donation by William J. Hartnett, President of Weather Corporation of America, provides funds for the scholarship in the amount of $225.00 per annum. The Council of the Society has decided that the Orville Scholarship be given to a senior undergraduate meteorology major, and the Hanks Scholarship to a second student either in the senior or junior year. The awarding of undergraduate scholarships in meteorology shall be based on academic excellence and achievement. The candidate must be an undergraduate major in a meteorology department or other department actively engaged in work on some aspect of atmospheric science. The candidate must intend to make atmospheric science his career and have completed at least 54 semester hours or their equivalent toward a Bachelor's degree. The candidate applies by letter accompanied by a list of courses and grades in his major subject, and a listing of courses and grades in mathematics, physics, and other sciences. The candidate must be nominated by his major department and the nomination must be supported by a letter of recommendation from the department chairman or other designated department member reflecting the overall view of the department faculty.

Procedures and The Macelwane Awards and the Orville and Hanks Scholarships are administered by the deadlines Society's Committee of Judges for Undergraduate Awards. Prof. Harold D. Orville, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, is chairman of the committee, assisted by Dr. Richard A. Craig, Florida State University, and Prof. Donald R. Johnson, Uni- versity of Wisconsin. Papers for the Macelwane Awards and applications for the Orville and Hanks Scholar- ships must be received not later than July 15, in the headquarters of the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 02108. Announcement of awards and the scholarship recipients will be made each year at the Annual Meeting of the Society.

1206 Vol. 54, No. 11, November 1973

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 07:07 PM UTC Bulletin Arnerican Meteorological Society

National Laboratory, the Battelle Pacific Northwest Labora- Environmental Prediction Research Facility, Naval Post- tories, the University of Chicago, Illinois State Water Sur- graduate School, Monterey, Calif. 93940) is a study using vey, Stanford Research Institute, and the University of photographs from polar-orbiting satellites to obtain the fre- Wyoming. quency and tracks of depression, storm, and hurricanes in the North Indian Ocean from Nov. 1966-Dec. 1970. The re- Principles of environmental physics (Contemporary Biology sults are compared with the 70-year (1891-1960) climatology Series, John L. Monteith, 1973, xiii + 241 pp., $20.00, hard- of cyclonic storms from the India Meteorological Office. bound, from American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017) reviews the relevant Turbulent diffusion in the environment (G. T. Csanady, basic physics, then progresses to a discussion of radiation 1973, 248 pp., n.p., from D. Reidel Publishing Co., 306 exchange and heat, mass, and momentum transfer. The Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. 02116) offers an account of a second half examines the application of these transfer prin- new engineering science concerned with the prediction and ciples to the heat balance of plants and animal, and to assessment of pollution in the atmosphere, the oceans, rivers, the micrometeorology of crops. and lakes; and discusses "classical" turbulent diffusion theory and its application to the atmospheric diffusion of pollutants Proceedings of the 1973 Summer Simulation Conference, Vol- from maintained sources, turbulent diffusion in shear flow, umes 1 and 2 (Simulation Councils, Inc., 1177 pp., n.p., effects of density differences on environmental diffusion, paperbound, from AFIPS Press, 210 Summit Ave., Montvale, and the fluctuation problem in turbulent diffusion. N.J. 07645) contains papers presented at the Summer Com- puter Simulation Conference held in Montreal, Canada, on The Vaalharts weather modification program (prepared by 17-19 July 1973. Ronald E. Rinehart and Thomas J. Henderson, May 1973, Radar meteorology (Edited by V. V. Kostarev, A. A. Cherni- 67 pp., n.p., paperbound, from Atmospherics Incorporated, kov, and A. B. Shupytskii, translated from the Russian, 1971, 5652 East Dayton Ave., Fresno, Calif. 93727) is a final report 277 pp., n.p., paperbound, from NTIS, above) contains the on the operational aspects of cloud seeding activities con- Proceedings of the Third All-Union Conference on Radar ducted over the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme near Harts- Meteorology held in 1965. The lectures are concerned with water, Republic of South Africa, during the 1972-73 season. the application of radar methods for studying precipitation, Wind forces in engineering (Peter Sachs, 1972, vii + 392 pp., clouds, hail centers, winds and turbulence, absorption and £12.00, from Pergamon Press, Maxwell House, Fairview scattering of radio waves in clouds, and signals produced by Park, Elmsford, N.Y. 10523) is written to "bridge the widen- dielectric inhomogeneities of the troposphere. Some designs ing gap between scientists and engineers in this subject." The and models of specialized radar equipment are also con- book spans several different disciplines: climatology, mete- sidered. orology, aerodynamics, and structural engineering. Radiation processes in the atmosphere (WMO Pub. No. 309, World weather watch, fifth status report on implementation K. Ya. Kondratyev, 1972, 214 pp., n.p., from UNIPUB, Inc., (WMO Pub. No. 334, July 1972, 208 pp., $6.25, from Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016). UNIPUB, above). Some statistical properties of wave-current force on objects (UNC-SG-72-14, Chi Chao Tung and Norden E. Huang, Dec. 1972, 25 pp., 10 fig., n.p., from the University of North The following audiotapes are now available: Carolina Sea Grant Program, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514) reports that in a random wave field the Changing the weather, Sessions 1 and 2 (129-72, Charles L. presence of even a moderate current can affect the statistical Hosier, Thomas Malone, Reid Bryson, J. Eugene Haas, and properties of fluid force to an appreciable extent, especially others, 1973, 5-inch open reels, or cassettes, $15.00 first ses- when the phenomena of wave-current interactions are con- sion. $12.00 each additional session, from Dept. N, American sidered. This study maintains that Gaussian assumption is Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massa- inadequate in the evaluation of probability function and chusetts Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005) are recordings expected rate of threshold crossings of fluid force. of symposia held during the AAAS Annual Meeting in Wash- ington, D.C. Each session lasts about three hours. The talks Trace elements in the atmosphere (Hans Israel and Gerhard are concerned with what weather management efforts are in Israel, 1973, 140 pp., $18.50, hardbound, from Ann Arbor the public interest, involving economics, legal, political, and Science Publishers, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106) administrative, as well as scientific and technical con- discusses gaseous secondary components on the basis of their siderations. nature, production, distribution, and elimination; aerosols in solid and liquid phase, their generation, growth, result- New approaches to global weather, Session 1 (138-72, Walter ing microchemical reactions, and their cycles in the atmo- Orr Roberts, Philip E. Merilees, Robert W. Stewart, Edward sphere; and radioactive materials of natural and artificial N. Lorenz, and Eugene W. Bierly, $15.00, from AAAS, above) origin in the atmosphere. is concerned with the response of the international atmo- spheric community to GARP, with a detailed look at two Tropical cyclones of the North Indian Ocean (ENVPREDR- aspects of the program: new observing systems (especially SCHFAC Tech. Paper No. 2-73, James C. Sadler and Ross E. satellites) and predictability. The question of weather modi- Gidley, March 1973, 60 pp., il., n.p., paperbound, from the fication is discussed.

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Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 07:07 PM UTC Vol. 54, No. 11, November 1973

On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations by Edwin Kessler

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Environmental Science Services Administration

Meteorological Monographs 89 pages (cloth bound) Vol. 10, No. 32 Price: $5.00 AMS Members November 1969 $10.00 noil members

This comprehensive study of hydrometeors by the formation and evaporation of precipitation the Director of the National Severe Storms Labo- and cloud, the author derives a great variety of ratory, ESSA, Norman, Oklahoma, was under- intriguing connections among hydrometeor model taken in an effort to correlate the formation of parameters. For example, there are interesting cloud and precipitation by microphysical proc- relationships among the precipitation amount esses with their distribution in airflows character- that arrives at the ground, the rate and duration istic of clouds and storms. of air overturning, and the size of raindrops. The monograph thus presents a theory for the Addressed to all who are interested in the distribution of atmospheric water substance asso- formation of clouds and rain, this study may also ciated with assumed wind fields. It is, essentially, be of interest to mathematicians for further an analysis of equations governing mass con- study of the equations and their specialization. servation—equations analogous in important re- Advanced work in meteorology should benefit spects to continuity laws for air. By consideration by application of the theory and methods to of the fallspeed of precipitation relative to the dynamical problems, and to the design and air, and of the microphysical processes regulating evaluation of weather modification experiments.

Send orders to: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108

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