midbrain (mesencephalon) Neurobiology – overview of the human CNS tectum Italicized regions are represented twice (e.g. SNc is anatomically part of the tegmentum but functionally part of the superior colliculus basal ganglia; reticular formation extends through several areas). *** = full of subdivisions, see elsewhere. inferior colliculus periaqueductal grey reticular formation forebrain (prosencephalon) tegmentum telencephalon substantia nigra cerebral cortex red nucleus frontal lobe magnocellular – gives rise to rubrospinal tract primary motor cortex parvocellular – projects to inferior olivary nucleus premotor cortex ventral tegmental area(A10) prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral, orbitofrontal) mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (V) parietal lobe Edinger-Westphal nucleus (III) *** oculomotor nucleus (III) occipital lobe trochlear nucleus (IV) *** dorsal raphe nucleus temporal lobe interpeduncular nucleus *** parabigeminal nucleus hippocampal formation hippocampus (cornu ammonis) hindbrain (rhomencephalon) subiculum reticular formation dentate gyrus metencephalon basal ganglia 1 pons input nuclei (striatum = neostriatum) locus coeruleus (A6) caudate nucleus periaqueductal grey putamen nucleus of the lateral lemniscus nucleus accumbens trigeminal main sensory nucleus (V) olfactory tubercle trigeminal motor nucleus (V) output nuclei vestibular nuclei (VIII) (superior, lateral) substantia nigra pars reticulata abducens nucleus (VI) globus pallidus – internal segment spinal trigeminal nucleus (V) (oral nucleus) ventral pallidum facial nucleus (VII) intrinsic nuclei superior olivary complex globus pallidus – external segment pontine nuclei subthalamic nucleus pontobulbar nuclei substantia nigra pars compacta (A9) cerebellum ventral tegmental area (A10) spinocerebellum amygdala vermis Å fastigial nucleus corticomedial intermediate hemisphere Å nucleus interpositus (comprises globose n. and emboliform n.) basolateral cerebrocerebellum central nucleus lateral hemisphere Å dentate nucleus septal nuclei vestibulocerebellum medial – ACh to hippocampus flocculonodular node (Å fastigial and vestibular nuclei) lateral myelencephalon nucleus basalis of Meynert – ACh to neocortex medulla bed nucleus of the stria terminalis inferior olivary nucleus (principal, dorsal accessory and medial accessory olivary nuclei) diencephalon nucleus ambiguus (IX, X, XI) thalamus nucleus tractus solitarius (VII, IX, X) hypothalamus spinal trigeminal nucleus (V) (oral nucleus) epithalamus cochlear nuclei (VIII) (dorsal, ventral) pineal (unpaired) – driven by SCN, secretes melatonin vestibular nuclei (VIII) (medial, inferior) habenula nuclei prepositus nucleus arcuate nucleus raphe nuclei 1 spinal cord ventral striatum = nucleus accumbens + ventromedial portions of the caudate and putamen + olfactory tubercle 1