Slicer 3 Tutorial the SPL-PNL Brain Atlas
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Glutamate Binding in Primate Brain
Journal of Neuroscience Research 27512-521 (1990) Quisqualate- and NMDA-Sensitive [3H]Glutamate Binding in Primate Brain A.B. Young, G.W. Dauth, Z. Hollingsworth, J.B. Penney, K. Kaatz, and S. Gilman Department of Neurology. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Excitatory amino acids (EAA) such as glutamate and Young and Fagg, 1990). Because EAA are involved in aspartate are probably the neurotransmitters of a general cellular metabolic functions, they were not orig- majority of mammalian neurons. Only a few previous inally considered to be likcl y neurotransmitter candi- studies have been concerned with the distribution of dates. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated con- the subtypes of EAA receptor binding in the primate vincingly the potency of these substances as depolarizing brain. We examined NMDA- and quisqualate-sensi- agents and eventually discerned specific subtypes of tive [3H]glutamate binding using quantitative autora- EAA receptors that responded preferentially to EAA an- diography in monkey brain (Macaca fascicularis). alogs (Dingledine et al., 1988). Coincident with the elec- The two types of binding were differentially distrib- trophysiological studies, biochemical studies indicated uted. NMDA-sensitive binding was most dense in that EAA were released from slice and synaptosome dentate gyrus of hippocampus, stratum pyramidale preparations in a calcium-dependent fashion and were of hippocampus, and outer layers of cerebral cortex. accumulated in synaptosomc preparations by a high-af- Quisqualate-sensitive binding was most dense in den- finity transport system. With these methodologies, EAA tate gyrus of hippocampus, inner and outer layers of release and uptake were found to be selectively de- cerebral cortex, and molecular layer of cerebellum. -
The Microscopical Structure of the Hippocampus in the Rat
Bratisl Lek Listy 2008; 109 (3) 106 110 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The microscopical structure of the hippocampus in the rat El Falougy H, Kubikova E, Benuska J Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the rat’s hippocampal formation by applying the light microscopic methods. The histological methods used to explore this region of the rat’s brain were the Nissl technique, the Bielschowsky block impregnation method and the rapid Golgi technique. In the Nissl preparations, we identified only three fields of the hippocampus proprius (CA1, CA3 and CA4). CA2 was distinguished in the Bielschowsky impregnated blocks. The rapid Golgi technique, according the available literature, gives the best results by using the fresh samples. In this study, we reached good results by using formalin fixed sections. The layers of the hippocampal formation were differentiated. The pyramidal and granular cells were identified together with their axons and dendrites (Fig. 9, Ref. 22). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk. Key words: archicortex, hippocampal formation, light microscopy, rat. Abbreviations: CA1 regio I cornus ammonis; CA2 regio II in the lateral border of the hippocampus. It continues under the cornus ammonis; CA3 regio III cornus ammonis; CA4 regio corpus callosum as the fornix. Supracommissural hippocampus IV cornus ammonis. (the indusium griseum) extends over the corpus callosum to the anterior portion of the septum as thin strip of gray cortex (5, 6). The microscopical structure of the hippocampal formation The hippocampal formation is subdivided into regions and has been studied intensively since the time of Cajal (1911) and fields according the cell body location, cell body shape and size, his student Lorente de Nó (1934). -
Distinct Transcriptomic Cell Types and Neural Circuits of the Subiculum and Prosubiculum Along 2 the Dorsal-Ventral Axis 3 4 Song-Lin Ding1,2,*, Zizhen Yao1, Karla E
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.14.876516; this version posted December 15, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distinct transcriptomic cell types and neural circuits of the subiculum and prosubiculum along 2 the dorsal-ventral axis 3 4 Song-Lin Ding1,2,*, Zizhen Yao1, Karla E. Hirokawa1, Thuc Nghi Nguyen1, Lucas T. Graybuck1, Olivia 5 Fong1, Phillip Bohn1, Kiet Ngo1, Kimberly A. Smith1, Christof Koch1, John W. Phillips1, Ed S. Lein1, 6 Julie A. Harris1, Bosiljka Tasic1, Hongkui Zeng1 7 8 1Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA 9 10 2Lead Contact 11 12 *Correspondence: [email protected] (SLD) 13 14 15 Highlights 16 17 1. 27 transcriptomic cell types identified in and spatially registered to “subicular” regions. 18 2. Anatomic borders of “subicular” regions reliably determined along dorsal-ventral axis. 19 3. Distinct cell types and circuits of full-length subiculum (Sub) and prosubiculum (PS). 20 4. Brain-wide cell-type specific projections of Sub and PS revealed with specific Cre-lines. 21 22 23 In Brief 24 25 Ding et al. show that mouse subiculum and prosubiculum are two distinct regions with differential 26 transcriptomic cell types, subtypes, neural circuits and functional correlation. The former has obvious 27 topographic projections to its main targets while the latter exhibits widespread projections to many 28 subcortical regions associated with reward, emotion, stress and motivation. -
Hippocampal Subfield Volumes Are Uniquely Affected in PTSD and Depression
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/739094; this version posted August 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Hippocampal subfields in PTSD and depression Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group Lauren E. Salminen1, Philipp G. Sämann2, Yuanchao Zheng3, Emily L. Dennis1,4–6, Emily K. Clarke-Rubright7,8, Neda Jahanshad1, Juan E. Iglesias9–11, Christopher D. Whelan12,13, Steven E. Bruce14, Jasmeet P. Hayes15, Soraya Seedat16, Christopher L. Averill17, Lee A. Baugh18–20, Jessica Bomyea21,22, Joanna Bright1, Chanellé J. Buckle16, Kyle Choi23,24, Nicholas D. Davenport25,26, Richard J. Davidson27–29, Maria Densmore30,31, Seth G. Disner25,26, Stefan du Plessis16, Jeremy A. Elman22,32, Negar Fani33, Gina L. Forster18,19,34, Carol E. Franz22,32, Jessie L. Frijling35, Atilla Gonenc36–38, Staci A. Gruber36–38, Daniel W. Grupe27, Jeffrey P. Guenette39, Courtney C. Haswell7,8, David Hofmann40, Michael Hollifield41, Babok Hosseini42, Anna R. Hudson43, Jonathan Ipser44, Tanja Jovanovic45, Amy Kennedy-Krage42, Mitzy Kennis46,47, Anthony King48, Philipp Kinzel49, Saskia B. J. Koch35,50, Inga Koerte4, Sheri M. Koopowitz44, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar51, William S. Kremen21,22,32, John Krystal17,52, Lauren A. M. Lebois37,53, Ifat Levy17,54, Michael J. Lyons55, Vincent A. Magnotta56, Antje Manthey57, Soichiro Nakahara58,59, Laura Nawijn35,60, Richard W. J. -
HHS Public Access Author Manuscript
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptNeuroscience Author Manuscript. Author manuscript; Author Manuscript available in PMC 2015 April 26. Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2012 December 13; 226: 145–155. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.011. The Distribution of Phosphodiesterase 2a in the Rat Brain D. T. Stephensona,†, T. M. Coskranb, M. P. Kellya,‡, R. J. Kleimana,§, D. Mortonc, S. M. O'neilla, C. J. Schmidta, R. J. Weinbergd, and F. S. Mennitia,* D. T. Stephenson: [email protected]; M. P. Kelly: [email protected]; R. J. Kleiman: [email protected]; F. S. Menniti: [email protected] aNeuroscience Biology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA bInvestigative Pathology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA cToxologic Pathology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA dDepartment of Cell Biology & Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Abstract The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that regulate spatio-temporal signaling by the intracellular second messengers cAMP and cGMP. PDE2A is expressed at high levels in the mammalian brain. To advance our understanding of the role of this enzyme in regulation of neuronal signaling, we here describe the distribution of PDE2A in the rat brain. PDE2A mRNA was prominently expressed in glutamatergic pyramidal cells in cortex, and in pyramidal and dentate granule cells in the hippocampus. Protein concentrated in the axons and nerve terminals of these neurons; staining was markedly weaker in the cell bodies and proximal dendrites. -
Certain Olfactory Centers of the Forebrain of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
CERTAIN OLFACTORY CENTERS OF THE FOREBRAIN OF THE GIANT PANDA (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) EDWARD W. LAUER Department of Anatomy, University of Michigan THIRTEEN FIGURE6 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1946 the Laboratory of Comparative Neu- rology at the University of Michigan received from Professor Fred A. Mettler of Columbia University the brain of a giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) for histological study. This had been obtained from a mature female melanoleuca, Pan Dee, presented to the New York Zoological Society in 1941 through United China Relief by Mme. Chiang Kai-shek and Mme. H. H. Kung, and which Bad died in the fall of 1945 from acute paralytic enteritis and peritonitis. A report on the topographical anatomy of the brain was made by Mettler and Goss ( '46) who concluded that externally it is identical with that of the bear. Unfortunately, practically no work has been done on the histological structure of the ursine brain making it impossible to compare its microscopic structure with that of the panda. The panda brain was fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 30 p. Alternate sections were stained in cresyl violet for cell study and in Weil for demonstration of fiber tracts. Another gross panda brain, also obtained from Pro- ' This investigation was aided by grants from the Horace H. Rackhsm School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michigan and from the A. B. Brower and E. R. Arn Medical Research and Scholarship Fund. 213 214 EDWARD W. LAUER fessor Mettler, was available for orientation. The photo- micrographs used for the illustrations were made with the assistance of Mr. -
Theta Phase Precession Beyond the Hippocampus
Theta phase precession beyond the hippocampus Authors: Sushant Malhotra1,2y, Robert W. A. Cross1y, Matthijs A. A. van der Meer1,3* 1Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 2Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 3Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo yThese authors contributed equally. *Correspondence should be addressed to MvdM, Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 Uni- versity Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. Running title: Phase precession beyond the hippocampus 1 Abstract The spike timing of spatially tuned cells throughout the rodent hippocampal formation displays a strikingly robust and precise organization. In individual place cells, spikes precess relative to the theta local field po- tential (6-10 Hz) as an animal traverses a place field. At the population level, theta cycles shape repeated, compressed place cell sequences that correspond to coherent paths. The theta phase precession phenomenon has not only afforded insights into how multiple processing elements in the hippocampal formation inter- act; it is also believed to facilitate hippocampal contributions to rapid learning, navigation, and lookahead. However, theta phase precession is not unique to the hippocampus, suggesting that insights derived from the hippocampal phase precession could elucidate processing in other structures. In this review we consider the implications of extrahippocampal phase precession in terms of mechanisms and functional relevance. We focus on phase precession in the ventral striatum, a prominent output structure of the hippocampus in which phase precession systematically appears in the firing of reward-anticipatory “ramp” neurons. We out- line how ventral striatal phase precession can advance our understanding of behaviors thought to depend on interactions between the hippocampus and the ventral striatum, such as conditioned place preference and context-dependent reinstatement. -
The Hippocampus and Dorsolateral Striatum Integrate Distinct Types of Memories Through Time and Space, Respectively
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 18, 2020 • 40(47):9055–9065 • 9055 Behavioral/Cognitive The Hippocampus and Dorsolateral Striatum Integrate Distinct Types of Memories through Time and Space, Respectively Janina Ferbinteanu Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 Several decades of research have established that different kinds of memories result from the activity of discrete neural net- works. Studying how these networks process information in experiments that target specific types of mnemonic representa- tions has provided deep insights into memory architecture and its neural underpinnings. However, in natural settings reality confronts organisms with problems that are not neatly compartmentalized. Thus, a critical problem in memory research that still needs to be addressed is how distinct types of memories are ultimately integrated. Here we demonstrate how two mem- ory networks, the hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum, may accomplish such a goal. The hippocampus supports memory for facts and events, collectively known as declarative memory and often studied as spatial memory in rodents. The dorsolat- eral striatum provides the basis for habits that are assessed in stimulus–response types of tasks. Expanding previous findings, the current work revealed that in male Long–Evans rats, the hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum use time and space in distinct and largely complementary ways to integrate spatial and habitual representations. Specifically, the hippocampus sup- ported both types of memories when they were formed in temporal juxtaposition, even if the learning took place in different environments. In contrast, the lateral striatum supported both types of memories if they were formed in the same environ- ment, even at temporally distinct points. -
Clonal Architecture of the Mouse Hippocampus
The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2002, 22(9):3520–3530 Clonal Architecture of the Mouse Hippocampus Loren A. Martin,1 Seong-Seng Tan,2 and Dan Goldowitz1 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and 2Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia Experimental mouse chimeras have proven useful in analyzing layer in a symmetrical manner. Clonally related populations of the cell lineages of various tissues. Here we use experimental GABAergic interneurons are dispersed throughout the hip- mouse chimeras to study cell lineage of the hippocampus. We pocampus and originate from progenitors that are separate examined clonal architecture and lineage relationships of the hip- from either pyramidal or granule cells. Granule and pyramidal pocampal pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and GABAergic cells, however, are closely linked in their lineages. Our quanti- interneurons. We quantitatively analyzed like-genotype cohorts of tative analyses yielded estimates of the size of the progenitor these neuronal populations in the hippocampus of the most pools that establish the pyramidal, granule, and GABAergic highly skewed chimeras to provide estimates of the size of the interneuronal populations as consisting of 7000, 400, and 40 progenitor pool that gives rise to these neuronal groups. We progenitors, respectively, for each side of the hippocampus. also compared the percentage chimerism across various brain Last, we found that the hippocampal pyramidal and granule structures to gain insights into the origins of the hippocampus cells share a lineage with cortical and diencephalic cells, point- relative to other neighboring regions of the brain. Our qualitative ing toward a common lineage that crosses the di-telencephalic analyses demonstrate that like-genotype cohorts of pyramidal boundaries. -
The Hippocampus Via Subiculum Upon Exposure to Desiccation
Current Biology Magazine Where next for the study of Primer anhydrobiosis? Studies have largely Direct and relied on detecting gene upregulation The hippocampus via subiculum upon exposure to desiccation. CA1 This approach will fail to identify constitutively expresssed genes that James J. Knierim DG CA2 are important for anhydrobiotic survival but whose expression does not change The hippocampus is one of the most EC CA3 during desiccation and rehydration. thoroughly investigated structures in axons We still do not understand why some the brain. Ever since the 1957 report nematodes, for example, do not of the case study H.M., who famously survive desiccation, while others can lost the ability to form new, declarative Current Biology survive immediate exposure to extreme memories after surgical removal of the desiccation, and yet others require hippocampus and nearby temporal Figure 1. Coronal slice through the trans- verse axis of the hippocampus. preconditioning at a high relative lobe structures to treat intractable The black lines trace the classic ‘trisynaptic humidity. A comparative approach epilepsy, the hippocampus has been loop’. The red lines depict other important is likely to be informative, as has at the forefront of research into the pathways in the hippocampus, including the recently been published comparing neurobiological bases of memory. direct projections from entorhinal cortex (EC) to the genomes of P. vanderplanki and its This research led to the discovery all three CA fi elds, the feedback to the EC via desiccation-intolerant relative P. nubifer. in the hippocampus of long-term the subiculum, the recurrent collateral circuitry of CA3, and the feedback projection from CA3 potentiation, the pre-eminent model to DG. -
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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1999, 19(16):7230–7237 Rat Hippocampal Neurons Are Critically Involved in Physiological Improvement of Memory Processes Induced by Cholecystokinin-B Receptor Stimulation Ange´ lique Sebret,1 Isabelle Le´ na,1 Dominique Cre´te´,1 Toshimitsu Matsui,2 Bernard P. Roques,1 and Vale´ rie Dauge´ 1 1De´ partement de Pharmacochimie Mole´ culaire et Structurale, Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´ dicale U266, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 8600, Unite´ de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France, and 2Third Division Department of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650–0017 Japan The involvement in memory processes of the neuropeptide the controls (2 hr time interval) when it was injected before the cholecystokinin (CCK) through its interaction with the CCK-B acquisition or the retrieval phase of the task. In addition, an receptors was studied. The two-trial recognition memory task increase of the extracellular levels of CCK-like immunoreactivity was used. Control animals showed recognition memory after a in the hippocampus of rats during the acquisition and retention 2 hr time interval but not aftera6hrtime interval between the phase of the task was observed. Finally, CCK-B receptor- two trials. The improving effect of a selective CCK-B agonist, deficient mice have an impairment of performance in the mem- BC 264, intraperitoneally administered (0.3 mg/kg) in the re- ory task (2 hr time interval). trieval phase of the task (6 hr time interval), was also observed Together, these results support the physiological involvement after its injection (1 pmol/0.5 ml) in the dorsal subiculum/CA1 of of the CCKergic system through its interaction with CCK-B the hippocampus but not in the caudate/putamen nucleus or in receptors in the hippocampus to improve performance of ro- the prefrontal cortex of rats. -
The Morphology of the Septum, Hippocampus, and Pallial Commissures in Repliles and Mammals' J
THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SEPTUM, HIPPOCAMPUS, AND PALLIAL COMMISSURES IN REPLILES AND MAMMALS' J. B. JOHNSTON Institute of Anatomy, University of Minnesota NINETY-THBEE X'IGURES In the mammalian brain the hippocampus extends from the base of the olfactory peduncle over the corpus callosum and bends down into the temporal lobe. Over the corpus callosug there is a well developed hippocampus in monotremes and mar- supials, whife in higher mammals it is reduced to a sIender ves- tige consisting of the stria longitudinalis and indusium. The telencephdic commissures in monotremes and marsupials form two transverse bundles in the rostra1 wall of the third ventricle. We owe our knowledge of the history of the pallial commissures in mammals chiefly to the work of Elliot Smith. This author states that these commissures are both contained in the lamina terminalis. The upper (dorsal) commissure represents the com- missure hippocampi or psalterium; the lower (ventral) contains the comrnissura anterior and the fibers which serve the functions of the corpus callosum. In mammals as the general pallium grows in extent there is a corresponding increase in the number of corpus callosum fibers. These fibers are transferred from the lower to the upper bundle in the lamina terminalis, in which corpus callosum and psalterium then lie side by side. As the pallium grows the corpus callosum becomes larger, rises up and bends on itself until it finally forms the great arched structure which we know in higher mammals md man. During all this process two changes have taken place in the lamina terminalis. First, it was invaded by cells frDm theneigh- boring medial portion of the olfactory lobe so that the paired 1 Neurological studies, University of Minnesota, no.