DOCSLIB.ORG

The Repatriation Process of Meskhetian/Ahiska Turks to Their Homeland in Georgia: Challenges and Prospects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Repatriation Process of Meskhetian/Ahiska Turks to Their Homeland in Georgia: Challenges and Prospects THE REPATRIATION PROCESS OF MESKHETIAN/AHISKA TURKS TO THEIR HOMELAND IN GEORGIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY SERHAT KESKİN IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SIENCE IN THE PROGRAM OF EURASIAN STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sadettin Kirazcı Director (Acting) I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık Kuşçu Bonnenfant Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Aydıngün Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İsmail Aydıngün (Başkent Uni., SİBU)________________________ Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Aydıngün (METU, SOC) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık Kuşçu Bonnenfant (METU, IR) ________________________ PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Serhat KESKİN Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE REPATRIATION PROCESS OF MESKHETIAN/AHISKA TURKS TO THEIR HOMELAND IN GEORGIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS KESKİN, Serhat M.S., The Program of Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Aydıngün September 2019, 129 pages Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks are a Sunni Muslim, Turkish-speaking community, whose homeland is Akhaltsikhe (known as Samtskhe-Javakheti) in southern Georgia. They were deported by Stalin from their homeland to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in 1944, and apart from some who managed to settle in Georgia, they have been unable to repatriate due to the preventive policies of the Soviet Union. When Georgia became a conditional member of the Council of Europe in 1999, the condition on organization of the repatriation of Ahıska Turks was imposed. Although Georgia enacted a law in 2007 related to the repatriation of Ahıska Turks, there has been little progress since that date. Based on fieldwork and interviews conducted in Azerbaijan (Baku, Saatlı, and Sabirabad) and Georgia (Nasakirali, Tbilisi and Tsitelubani) in 2015 and 2016, this thesis aims to analyze the repatriation process Ahıska Turks to their homeland following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and explain why this process has been ineffective. It is argued that the analysis of the related problems is threefold: passive role of the Council of Europe in monitoring the repatriation process, problems related to the implementation of the law of 2007, and concerns about a potential ethnic tension with the Armenians who lived in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region. In short, this thesis argues that the iv ethno-religious nature of the Georgian nationalism and national identity have made the repatriation and integration of Ahıska Turks difficult. Keywords: Georgia, Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks, Repatriation, Council of Europe, Ethno-religious Nationalism v ÖZ AHISKA TÜRKLERİNİN GÜRCİSTAN‟DAKİ ANA VATANLARINA GERİ DÖNÜŞ SÜRECİ: ZORLUKLAR VE BEKLENTİLER KESKİN, Serhat Yüksek Lisans, Avrasya Çalışmaları Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Ayşegül AYDINGÜN Eylül 2019, 129 sayfa Ana vatanları, Gürcistan‟ın güneyinde Ahıska bölgesi (Samsthe-Cavahetya) olarak bilinen Ahıska Türkleri Sünni Müslüman, Türk dilli bir topluluktur. Stalin tarafından 1944 yılında ana vatanlarından Kazakistan, Kırgızistan ve Özbekistan‟a sürülmüşlerdir. Gürcistan‟a yerleşmeyi başaranların dışında, Sovyetler Birliği‟nin engelleyici politikaları nedeniyle ana vatanlarına geri dönememişlerdir. Gürcistan 1999 yılında Avrupa Konseyi‟ne şartlı üye olduğunda, şart olarak Ahıska Türklerinin geri dönüşünün düzenlenmesi talep edildi. Gürcistan her ne kadar Ahıska Türklerinin geri dönüşüne ilişkin yasayı 2007 yılında yürürlüğe koyduysa da, bu tarihten itibaren çok az ilerleme kaydedildi. 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Azerbaycan‟da (Bakü, Saatlı ve Sabirabad) ve Gürcistan‟da (Nasakirali, Tiflis ve Tsitelubani) gerçekleştirilen saha araştırmaları ve mülakatlara dayanan bu tez, Ahıska Türklerinin Sovyetler Birliği‟nin dağılmasından sonraki geri dönüş sürecini analiz etmeyi ve bu sürecin neden etkin olmadığını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tezde, geri dönüşle ilgili problemlerin analizinin üç boyutlu olduğu savunulmaktadır: Avrupa Konseyi‟nin geri dönüş sürecinin izlemedeki pasif rolü, 2007 Yasası‟nın uygulanmasındaki problemler ve Samtshe-Cavahetya bölgesinde vi yaşayan Ermenilerle olası etnik bir gerginliğe dair endişeler. Kısaca, bu tez, Gürcistan milliyetçiliğinin ve Gürcü ulusal kimliğinin etno-dinî yapısının, Ahıska Türklerinin geri dönüşünü ve entegrasyonunu zorlaştırdığını savunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gürcistan, Ahıska Türkleri, Ana Vatana Geri Dönüş, Avrupa Konseyi, Etno-dinî Milliyetçilik vii To My Family viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to give special thanks to my supervisor Professor Ayşegül Aydıngün. It has been more than six year from the day I first stepped in to her office as a senior student in Sociology Department. It‟s her huge support, enlightening guidance, infinite patience, and encouragement to go through countless number of drafts that made this thesis possible. I am also grateful to my examining committee members Professor İsmail Aydıngün and Associate Professor Işık Kuşçu Bonnenfant for their highly constructive comments. I also express my gratitude to Professor İsmail Aydıngün for his continued help. I would like to express my deepest thanks to my dear friends Hazar Ege Gürsoy Erdenay and Ahmet Erdenay who supported, motivated me during the writing of this thesis. I would like to extend my deepest thanks to my family – my brother, Murat Keskin, my father Ali Keskin and my mother Elif Keskin – for their support and understanding. Without their encouragement, life would be unbearable. Finally, I am also deeply grateful to all the interviewees who shared their views and thoughts with me. The respondents have been kept anonymous due to ethical concerns. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM ................................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... iv ÖZ .................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introducing the Study ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. The Development of the Ethno-religious Georgian Nationalism in post- Soviet Georgia and Its Impact on the Return of the Ahıska Turks ............................... 5 1.3. Methods ................................................................................................................. 9 1.4. Chapters of the Thesis .......................................................................................... 11 2 THE HISTORY OF AHISKA TURKS ....................................................................... 12 2.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 12 2.2. A Brief History of Ahıska .................................................................................... 13 2.3. Ahıska Turks: Different Names for the Same Ethnic Community ..................... 16 2.4. Before the 1944 Deportation (1921-1944) ........................................................... 19 2.5. The 1944 Deportation and Life under the „Special Settlement Regime‟ till 1956 ....................................................................................................................... 21 x 2.6. The Removal of the Special Settlement Regime in 1956 and the Efforts of Ahıska Turks to Return to their Homeland during the Soviet Regime (1956-1991) ................................................................................................................. 24 2.7. The Repatriation Efforts of Ahıska Turks after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991-2019)........................................................................................... 32 2.8. Migration to Turkey after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991- 2019)……… ............................................................................................................... 37 2.9. Migration of Ahıska Turks from Krasnodar (Russian Federation) to the United States (US) ...................................................................................................... 40 3 THE GEORGIAN ETHNO-RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RETURN OF AHISKA TURKS ..................................................... 44 3.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 44 3.2. The Rise of Gamsakhurdia and the Effects of the Georgian Ethno- Religious Nationalism
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics
    GETTY GEBERT IMAGES/ANDREAS The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics By Max Hoffman, Alan Makovsky, and Michael Werz December 2020 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Key findings 9 Detailed findings and country analyses 34 Conclusion 37 About the authors and acknowledgments 38 Appendix: Citizenship laws and migration history in brief 44 Endnotes Introduction and summary More than 5 million people of Turkish descent live in Europe outside Turkey itself, a human connection that has bound Turkey and the wider European community together since large-scale migration began in the 1960s.1 The questions of immigra- tion, citizenship, integration, assimilation, and social exchange sparked by this migra- tion and the establishment of permanent Turkish diaspora communities in Europe have long been politically sensitive. Conservative and far-right parties in Europe have seized upon issues of migration and cultural diversity, often engaging in fearmonger- ing about immigrant communities and playing upon some Europeans’ anxiety about rapid demographic change. Relations between the European Union—as well as many of its constituent member states—and Turkey have deteriorated dramatically in recent years. And since 2014, Turks abroad, in Europe and elsewhere around the world, have been able to vote in Turkish elections, leading to active campaigning by some Turkish leaders in European countries. For these and several other reasons, political and aca- demic interest in the Turkish diaspora and its interactions
    [Show full text]
  • The Turkmen Date: March14, 2012 No: Art.2-C1412
    The Turkmen Date: March14, 2012 No: Art.2-C1412 Being a family in the large Turkic race, any article about the Turkmen will be in short supply if it does not present information about the other two related terms; Turks and Oghus. Turks By referring to the excavation of the Russian archaeologists, the Turkish historian Y. Oztuna relates the origin of Turkic peoples to the Brachia-cephalic Andronovo Man who lived 2000 years BC on the widespread lands between Tanri and Altay mountains.1 The historians, who are specialized in pre-Islamic Turkish history such as W. Eberhard, B. Ögel and L. Rasonyi state that the Hsiung-nu (Asian Huns) are the Proto-Turks.2 J. Klaprothe, J.V. Hammer, W. Schott, A. Vambery, E. Oberhummer reports that the Turks were originally a vassal tribe of a people called the Jouan-Jouan, who might have been a remnant of the Hsiung-Nu, at some point thought to be approximately 522 BC. Kafesoglu identifies the Turks with the Hsiung-nu. According to him the ethno Turk was derived from the “Tu-ku” or “Tu-k'o”, the family or tribal name of Mo-tun (Turkish Teomen). In Zent-Avesta and Old Testament, the grandchild of the prophet Noah is called "Turk". Turac or Tur was the son of a ruler in Avesta, which was reported as a tribe named Turk.2 The Chinese Sources state that the Gokturks, Uygurs, and Kyrgyz are descended from the Hsiung-nu people.3 In their correspondences from 1328 BC, they use the name “Tik” for Bozkir Tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do Non-Democratic Regimes Claim Legitimacy? Comparative Insights from Post-Soviet Countries
    Inclusion of a paper in the Working Papers series does not constitute publication and should limit in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Papers serve to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior publicaton encourage exchange ideas and academic debate. Working GIGA GIGA Research Programme: Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems ___________________________ How Do Non-Democratic Regimes Claim Legitimacy? Comparative Insights from Post-Soviet Countries Christian von Soest and Julia Grauvogel No 277 August 2015 www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers GIGA Working Papers 277/2015 Edited by the GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Leibniz‐Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien The GIGA Working Papers series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication in order to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presenta‐ tions are less than fully polished. Inclusion of a paper in the GIGA Working Papers series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copy‐ right remains with the authors. GIGA Research Programme “Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems” Copyright for this issue: © Christian von Soest, Julia Grauvogel WP Coordination and English‐language Copyediting: Melissa Nelson Editorial Assistance and Production: Kerstin Labusga All GIGA Working Papers are available online and free of charge on the website <www.giga‐hamburg.de/workingpapers>. For any requests please contact: <workingpapers@giga‐hamburg.de> The GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this Working Paper; the views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Exactly Five Years Ago
    10-05:issue2 4/14/10 12:24 PM Page 52 The Meskhetians Exactly five years ago, something happened in Russia which one might have thought impossible half a century after Joseph Stalin’s passing: an entire ethnic group – one which Stalin had accused of treason and evicted from its homeland – was once again forced to change their place of residence. Thousands of Meskhetian Turks, after surviving deportation in the 1940s and Uzbek pogroms in the 1990s, had only just become settled in Krasnodar Krai when, a few years into the 21st century, they were faced with run-of-the-mill nationalism cultivated by those in power and reinforced by Cossacks. The surge of violence Above: Kushali Dursunov and By Dmitry Shevchenko prompted many Meskhetians to leave for the U.S., under his wife Zulfiya Muradova have decorated the house they rent a special immigration program. And while Russian media in a Turkish manner. Men and Photos by Viktor Paramonov declared that the Meskhetian problem had been women sit separately, and resolved, for many this was not the case: not qualified to most of the living room is taken up by a raised area used emigrate, they now cannot join their families on the for sleeping, eating, and other side of the Atlantic. meeting guests. 52 Russian Life | May/June 2010 10-05:issue2 4/14/10 12:24 PM Page 53 IN THE RECENT PAST, the stanitsa* of Nizhnebakanskaya Turks or from practicing Islam (most are Sunni was, in its own way, the “capital” of a Turkish Muslim). But everything changed when the Bolsheviks community in Krasnodar Krai.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkic Languages 161
    Turkic Languages 161 seriously endangered by the UNESCO red book on See also: Arabic; Armenian; Azerbaijanian; Caucasian endangered languages: Gagauz (Moldovan), Crim- Languages; Endangered Languages; Greek, Modern; ean Tatar, Noghay (Nogai), and West-Siberian Tatar Kurdish; Sign Language: Interpreting; Turkic Languages; . Caucasian: Laz (a few hundred thousand speakers), Turkish. Georgian (30 000 speakers), Abkhaz (10 000 speakers), Chechen-Ingush, Avar, Lak, Lezghian (it is unclear whether this is still spoken) Bibliography . Indo-European: Bulgarian, Domari, Albanian, French (a few thousand speakers each), Ossetian Andrews P A & Benninghaus R (1989). Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert (a few hundred speakers), German (a few dozen Verlag. speakers), Polish (a few dozen speakers), Ukranian Aydın Z (2002). ‘Lozan Antlas¸masında azınlık statu¨ su¨; (it is unclear whether this is still spoken), and Farklı ko¨kenlilere tanınan haklar.’ In Kabog˘lu I˙ O¨ (ed.) these languages designated as seriously endangered Azınlık hakları (Minority rights). (Minority status in the by the UNESCO red book on endangered lan- Treaty of Lausanne; Rights granted to people of different guages: Romani (20 000–30 000 speakers) and Yid- origin). I˙stanbul: Publication of the Human Rights Com- dish (a few dozen speakers) mission of the I˙stanbul Bar. 209–217. Neo-Aramaic (Afroasiatic): Tu¯ ro¯ yo and Su¯ rit (a C¸ag˘aptay S (2002). ‘Otuzlarda Tu¨ rk milliyetc¸ilig˘inde ırk, dil few thousand speakers each) ve etnisite’ (Race, language and ethnicity in the Turkish . Languages spoken by recent immigrants, refugees, nationalism of the thirties). In Bora T (ed.) Milliyetc¸ilik ˙ ˙ and asylum seekers: Afroasiatic languages: (Nationalism).
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Turkish People
    June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ History of the Turkish people Vahid Rashidvash* __________________________________________________________ Abstract The Turkish people also known as "Turks" (Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." Today the word is primarily used for the inhabitants of Turkey, but may also refer to the members of sizeable Turkish-speaking populations of the former lands of the Ottoman Empire and large Turkish communities which been established in Europe (particularly in Germany, France, and the Netherlands), as well as North America, and Australia. Key words: Turkish people. History. Culture. Language. Genetic. Racial characteristics of Turkish people. * Department of Iranian Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armeni. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 118 June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Turks (Turkish people), whose name was first used in history in the 6th century by the Chinese, are a society whose language belongs to the Turkic language family (which in turn some classify as a subbranch of Altaic linguistic family.
    [Show full text]
  • A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor A
    A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor a. Friedman University of Chicago Introduction and Disclaimer The Republic of Daghestan has received very little attention in the West. Chenciner (1997) is the only full-length account in English based on first-hand visits mostly in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Wixman's (1980) excellent study had to be based entirely on secondary sources, and Bennigsen and Wimbush (1986:146-81 et passim), while quite useful, is basically encyclopedic and somewhat dated. Since Daghestan is still difficult to get to, potentially unstable, and only infrequently visited by Western scholars (mostly linguists), I am offering this account of my recent visit there (16-20 June 1998), modestly supplemented by some published materials. My intent is basically informative and impressionistic, and I do not attempt to give complete coverage to many topics worthy of further research. This account does, however, update some items covered in the aforementioned works and makes some observations on Daghestan with respect to language, identity, the political situation, and a comparison with the another unstable, multi-ethnic, identity construction site, i.e., Balkans, particularly Macedonia. Background Daghestan is the third most populous Republic in the Russian Federation (after Bashkortostan and Tatarstan; Osmanov 1986:24). The northern half of its current territory, consisting of the Nogai steppe and the Kizljar region settled in part by Terek Cossacks, was added in 1922, after the fall of the North Caucasian
    [Show full text]
  • GCRF COMPASS Working Proceedings: Tartu
    GCRF COMPASS Working Proceedings: Tartu Annual Conference, 10-12 June 2018 22 NoveMber 2018 CoMprehensive CapaCity-Building in the Eastern Neighbourhood and Central Asia: researCh integration, impaCt governanCe & sustainable CoMMunities Annual Tartu Conference 2018 – COMPASS Working Proceedings Editors: Prajakti Kalra, Dr Diana Kudaibergenova, Dr Siddharth S Saxena, Dr Eske van Gils GCRF COMPASS Working Proceedings: Tartu Annual Conference, 10-12 June 2018 PrinCipal Investigator: Professor Elena Korosteleva, University of Kent Co-Investigator: Dr Siddharth Saxena, University of Cambridge Editors: Prajakti Kalra, Dr Diana Kudaibergenova, Dr Siddharth S Saxena, Dr Eske van Gils ***The Contributors and editors wish to acknowledge GCRF UKRI funding support for the COMPASS projeCt (ES/P010489/1), without whiCh this output would have not been possible*** Table of Contents Annual Tartu ConferenCe 2018 – COMPASS Working ProCeedings ................................................. 1 Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 SHERZOD ABDULLAEV – TransforMation of the international systeM and geopolitiCal identity of Uzbekistan 5 ALISA DEKHTIARENKO – Belarus and the Council of Europe: in searCh of Cooperation ................................... 12 MUNIRA SHAHIDI and NARGIS NURULLA-KHODZHAEVA – National Cultural SeCurity: The Case of Tajikistan 17 ROZA TURARBEKAVA – Eurasian EconoMiC Union: integration or iMitation? ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Between Integration and Resettlement: the Meskhetian Turks
    BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND RESETTLEMENT: THE MESKHETIAN TURKS Oskari Pentikäinen and Tom Trier ECMI Working Paper # 21 September 2004 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg Germany ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 21 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2004 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in August 2004 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................4 I. Introduction...........................................................................................................6 1. Who Are the Meskhetian Turks?...........................................................................9 2. A History of Forced Migration............................................................................11 II. The Meskhetian Turks’ Current Demographic and Socio-Political Situation.......13 1. Georgia...............................................................................................................15 2. Azerbaijan...........................................................................................................19 3. Ukraine...............................................................................................................20 4. Russia..................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………....
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Engineering Bachelor Program
    CURRICULUM OF DEGREE PROGRAM Course Code Course Name Hours ECTS Prerequisite ENGL 1101 English I 3 6 CHEM 1101 General Chemistry I 3 6 LAB 1101 Introduction To Laboratory Safety & 2 4 Hazardous Materials LAB 1102 General Chemistry Laboratory 2 4 PHYS 1101 Engineering Physics I 3 5 MATH 1101 Calculus For Engineers I 3 5 Course Course Name Hours ECTS Prerequisite Code ENGL 1201 English II 3 5 ENGL 1101 ENG 1201 Introduction to Engineering Design 3 5 COMP 1201 Computers And Chemical Engineering 3 5 CHEM 1201 General Chemistry II 3 5 CHEM 1101 MATH Calculus For Engineers II 3 5 MATH 1101 1201 PHYS 1201 Engineering Physics II 3 5 PHYS 1101 Course Course Name HourS ECTS Prerequisite Code CHEM 2101 Chemical Engineering Material & 3 5 CHEM 1201 Energy Balances CHEM 2102 Organic Chemistry I 3 6 CHEM 1201 EXP 2101 Exposition And Argumentation 3 5 MATH Elementary Differential Equations 3 5 MATH 1201 2101 ENGL 2101 Technical English I 3 5 Free Elective 3 4 Course Course Name Hours ECTS Prerequisite Code CHEM 2201 Professional Practice And Ethics 3 4 CHEM 2202 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 3 6 CHEM 2101 I ENGL 2201 Technical English II 3 5 ENGL 2101 COMP 2201 Numerical Computing in Chemical and 3 5 COMP 1201 Biochemical Engineering Technical Elective 3 5 Technical Elective 3 5 Course Course Name Hours ECTS Prerequisite Code CHEM 3101 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 3 5 CHEM 2202 II CHEM 3102 Fundamentals of Transport in Chemical 3 5 CHEM 2202 and Biochemical Engineering ENG 3101 Chemical Engineering Reactor Design 3 5 COMP 2201 ECON 3101
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]