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New Europe College Regional Program Yearbook 2001-2002 New Europe College Regional Program Yearbook 2001-2002 TAMARA CÃRÃUª KRASSIMIRA KRASTANOVA ANETA MIHAYLOVA DOBRINKA PARUSHEVA SRÐAN ŠLJUKIĆ SVETLANA STAMENOVA NIKOLAI VUKOV DENIZ EYLEM YÖRÜK New Europe College Regional Program Yearbook 2001-2002 New Europe College Regional Program Yearbook 2001-2002 TAMARA CÃRÃUª KRASSIMIRA KRASTANOVA ANETA MIHAYLOVA DOBRINKA PARUSHEVA SRÐAN ÄLJUKIÇ SVETLANA STAMENOVA NIKOLAI VUKOV DENIZ EYLEM YÖRÜK Editor: Irina Vainovski-Mihai Copyright © 2003 – New Europe College ISBN 973 –85697 – 4 – 5 NEW EUROPE COLLEGE Str. Plantelor 21 70309 Bucharest Romania Tel. (+40-21) 327.00.35, Fax (+40-21) 327.07.74 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS NEW EUROPE COLLEGE 7 TAMARA CÃRÃUª NATIONAL IDENTITY: INVENTION OR NECESSITY? CASE STUDY: REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 15 KRASSIMIRA KRASTANOVA LE MONDE DOMESTIQUE : LES OBJETS ET LA MEMOIRE 75 ANETA MIHAYLOVA RIGHT-WING IDEOLOGY AND THE INTELLECTUALS IN ROMANIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR 107 DOBRINKA PARUSHEVA ORIENT-EXPRES, OR ABOUT EUROPEAN INFLUENCES ON EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BALKANS 139 SRÐAN ÄLJUKIÇ SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PEASANT COOPERATION IN POST- SOCIALIST ROMANIA 169 SVETLANA STAMENOVA PECULIARITIES OF POLITICAL CULTURE IN POST-COMMUNIST SOUTH- EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: THE CASES OF MACEDONIA, SERBIA, MONTENEGRO, AND BULGARIA 209 NIKOLAI VUKOV DEATH AND VITALITY IN MONUMENTAL ART IN EASTERN EUROPE AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR 251 DENIZ EYLEM YÖRÜK IMPACTS OF INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS ON INDUSTRIAL UPGRADING AT THE FIRM LEVEL: EVIDENCE FROM THE ROMANIAN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY 299 NEW EUROPE COLLEGE Institute for Advanced Study The New Europe College (NEC) is a small independent Romanian “center of excellence” in the humanities and social sciences founded in 1994 by Professor Andrei Pleºu (philosopher, art historian, writer, 1990- 1991 Romanian Minister of Culture, 1997-1999 Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs). Since its founding, the community of fellows and alumni of the college has enlarged to over 150 members. In 1998, the New Europe College was awarded the prestigious Hannah Arendt Prize for its achievements in setting new standards in higher education and research. In 1999, the Romanian Ministry of Education officially recognized the New Europe College as an institutional structure of continuous education in the humanities and social sciences, at the level of advanced studies. Aims and Purposes - to create an institutional framework with strong international links, offering young scholars in the fields of humanities and social sciences from Romania and South-Eastern Europe working conditions similar to those in the West, and providing a stimulating environment for transdisciplinary dialogues and critical debates; - to promote contacts between Romanian and regional scholars and their peers worldwide - to cultivate the receptivity of scholars and academics in Romania towards methods and areas of research as yet not firmly established here, while preserving what might still be precious in a type of approach developed, against all odds, in an unpropitious intellectual, cultural and political context before 1989 - to contribute to forming a core of promising young academics, expected to play a significant role in the renewal of Romania’s academic, scholarly and intellectual life. 7 N.E.C. Yearbook 2001-2002 Fellowship Programs As an institute for advanced study, NEC is not, strictly speaking, a higher education institution, although it has been consistently contributing to the advancement of higher education in Romania through the impact of its fellowship programs and of the activities it organizes under its aegis. NEC Fellowships (1994 – to present) Each year, ten NEC Fellowships for outstanding young Romanian scholars in the humanities and social sciences are publicly announced. The Fellows are chosen by an international Academic Advisory Board, and receive a monthly stipend for the duration of one academic year (October through July). The Fellows gather for weekly seminars to discuss the progress of their research projects. In the course of the year, the Fellows are given the opportunity to pursue their research for the duration of one month abroad, at a university or research institution of their choice. At the end of the grant period, the Fellows submit a paper representing the results of their research. These papers are published in the “New Europe College Yearbook”. NEC Regional Program (2001 – to present) As of October 2001, the New Europe College has expanded its fellowship programs to include scholars from South-Eastern Europe (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the Republic of Moldova, Slovenia, Turkey, and Yugoslavia). This newly added regional dimension to our programs aims at integrating in the international academic network scholars from a region whose scientific resources are as yet insufficiently known, and to stimulate and strengthen the intellectual dialogue at regional level. With the prospect of the European integration, and in complementing the efforts of the European Union to implement the Stability Pact, the New Europe College invites academics and scholars from the Balkans to cooperate towards overcoming the tensions that have won this region an unfortunate fame over the last decade. 8 NEW EUROPE COLLEGE The NEC-LINK Program (2002- to present) Drawing on the experience of its NEC Fellowships and RELINK Fellowships Programs in connecting with the Romanian academic milieu, NEC initiates in the 2002 a new program, that aims to directly contribute to the advancement of higher education in major Romanian universities. Eight teams consisting of a visiting academic and one from the host university will offer joint courses for the duration of one semester in the fields of the humanities and social science; the NEC-LINK courses need be new ones and meet the distinct needs of the host university. The academics participating in the Program will receive monthly stipends, a substantial support for ordering literature relevant to their course, as well as funding for inviting guest professors from abroad, and to organize scientific events. The GE-NEC Program (2000 – to present) As of the academic year 2000-2001 the New Europe College organizes and hosts a program supported by the Getty Grant Program. Its aim is to strengthen research and education in the fields of visual culture by inviting leading specialists from all over the world to give lectures and hold seminars for the benefit of Romanian MA students, PhD candidates, and young scholars. The program includes two senior and two junior fellowships per year for Romanian scholars, who undergo the same selection procedures as all the other fellows of the NEC administered programs. The GE-NEC Fellows are fully integrated in the life of the College, receive a monthly stipend, and are given the opportunity of spending one month abroad for a research trip. RELINK Fellowships (1996-2002) The RELINK Program targeted highly qualified, preferably young Romanian scholars returning from studies abroad to work in one of Romania’s universities or research institutes. Ten RELINK Fellows were selected each year through an open competition; in order to facilitate their reintegration in the local research milieu and to improve their 9 N.E.C. Yearbook 2001-2002 working conditions, a support lasting for three years was offered, consisting of: a monthly stipend, funds in order to acquire scholarly literature, an annual allowance enabling the recipients to make a one-month research trip to a foreign institute of their choice in order to sustain existing scholarly contacts and forge new ones, and the use of a laptop computer and printer. The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Religious Studies towards EU Integration As of 2001, the Austrian Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft funds - within the framework of the New Europe Foundation – a newly created institute, that focuses on the extremely sensitive issue of religion related problems in the Balkans (and beyond) from the viewpoint of the EU integration. Through its activities the institute intends to foster the dialogue between distinctive religious cultures (Christianity, Islam, Judaism), as well as between confessions within the same religion, trying to investigate the sources of antagonisms and to work towards a common ground of tolerance and cooperation. To this end, the institute hosts international scholarly events, sustains research projects, brings out publications, and strives to set up a topic relevant library in Romania, intended to facilitate informed and up-to-date approaches in this field. The New Europe College hosts an ongoing series lectures (an average of 30 per academic year) given by prominent Romanian and foreign academics and researchers, that is open to a larger audience of specialists and students in the fields of humanities and social sciences. The College also organizes national and international seminars, workshops, and symposia. 10 NEW EUROPE COLLEGE Financial Support The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation The Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs The Federal Ministry for Education and Research – Germany The Federal Ministry for Education, Science, and Culture – Austria The Romanian State – indirect financial support, through tax exemption for fellowships Zuger Kulturstiftung Landis & Gyr – Zug, Switzerland Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft – Essen, Germany Volkswagen-Stiftung – Hanover, Germany The Open Society Institute (through the Higher Education
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