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Zero Tolerance Policing
RESEARCHING CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERIES Zero tolerance policing Maurice Punch Zero tolerance policing Maurice Punch First published in Great Britain in 2007 by The Policy Press The Policy Press University of Bristol Fourth Floor, Beacon House Queen’s Road Bristol BS8 1QU UK Tel no +44 (0)117 331 4054 Fax no +44 (0)117 331 4093 E-mail [email protected] www.policypress.org.uk © Maurice Punch 2007 ISBN 978 1 84742 055 8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this report is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this report has been requested. The right of Maurice Punch to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with Sections 77 and 78 of the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the author and not of the University of Bristol or The Policy Press. The University of Bristol and The Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. The Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover image courtesy of iStockphoto® Cover design by Qube Design Associates, Bristol Printed in Great Britain by Latimer Trend, Plymouth To the -
Bad Cops: a Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers Author(s): James J. Fyfe ; Robert Kane Document No.: 215795 Date Received: September 2006 Award Number: 96-IJ-CX-0053 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers James J. Fyfe John Jay College of Criminal Justice and New York City Police Department Robert Kane American University Final Version Submitted to the United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice February 2005 This project was supported by Grant No. 1996-IJ-CX-0053 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of views in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Prevent, Prepare and Protect: Regional Crime Fighting & Counterterrorism Special Report 2
A GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGY® S P E C I A L R E P O R T S PON S O R E D B Y: Prevent, Prepare and Protect: Regional Crime Fighting & Counterterrorism Special Report 2 “THAT’ S WHERE ORACLE IN T EGRAT I O N T ECHN O L O GY F I ts I N , I N K N O C K I N G D O W N T H os E S IL os — G AT H E R I N G A N D S H A R I N G T HAT I N F O RMAT I O N AM O N G D E T EC T IVE S .” LOU ANEMONE, former chief, New York Police Department A B E ttE R P E R spECTIVE Homeland security experts gather valuable crime statistics to present a bigger picture. For most of its history, law enforcement in the United In 1994, under the leadership of Police Commissioner States has been a localized affair. A sort of patchwork of William Bratton, Anemone and the late Deputy Police miniature kingdoms, each jurisdiction was responsible Commissioner Jack Maple created a management account- for itself. Even within cities themselves, individual pre- ability process known as COMPSTAT, short for Comput- cincts often manage crime on their turf — and they man- er Statistics. COMPSTAT revolutionized law enforcement age it alone. However, a new version of the legendary by giving police a computerized system for crime analysis COMPSTAT system, now powered by Oracle, is improv- and mapping. Developed by the NYPD, the system now is ing how police fight crime. -
Howard Safir- Police Commissioner, NYPD (Ret.)
Howard Safir- Police Commissioner, NYPD (ret.) Safir Intelligence & Security 45 Rockefeller Plaza - 20th Floor New York, NY, 10111 Phone: (917) 536-0370 Fax: (212) 537-5048 Email: [email protected] Website: www.SafirIntelligenceandSecurity.com Commissioner Howard Safir draws on a 35+ year career in law enforcement, security, investigations and forensics to produce expert reports and testimony regarding the adequacy of security and emergency policies, operations, systems and technologies. Commissioner Safir has also overseen dozens of investigations of fraud, theft, regulatory violation and other malfeasant activity, many of which have led to the arrest of significant monies, favorable litigation outcomes and the implementation of remedial outcomes to improve integrity and performance. Areas of Expertise Commercial Security Fraud Investigations Security Consultation Corporate Internal Investigations Security Practices & Investigations International Procedures Crime Risk Analysis Investigations Special Event Security Due Diligence Law Enforcement Threat Analysis Investigations Security- General Witness Location/Relocation Employment History Year Title, Location 2010 - Present Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Safir Intelligence & Security (formerly Vigilant Resources International), New York 2001 – 2010 Chairman and CEO, SafirRosetti, New York; Bode Technology Group, Lorton, VA 1996 - 2000 Police Commissioner, New York City Police Department (NYPD) 1994 – 1996 Fire Commissioner, New York City Fire Department (FDNY) 1990 – 1994 President, Safir Associates, Fairfax, VA 1978 – 1990 Associate Director for Operations, United States Marshals Service (1984-1990); Chief of Witness Security Division (1978 – 1990), Washington, D.C. 1965 – 1978 Assistant Director, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Sample of Expert Witness Case Experience Case Name Opining on Lockheed Martin Transportation Security Impact of certain shortcomings of a $300M+ security Solutions v. -
Hidden History in the Run- up to 9/11 by Mitchel Cohen
S p r a y i n g N Y C WEST NILE STORY Hidden history in the Run- Up to 9/11 by Mitchel Cohen Published by the NoSpray Coalition Against Toxic Pesticides $6 The West Nile Story: Orchestrating Hysteria & Secrecy in the Run-Up to 9/11 Drawing by Van Howell for the NoSpray Coalition Poisoning the Big Apple WO YEARS BEFORE what we now know simply as “9/11,” a terrorist attack hit New York – or so we were told. U.S. Tgovernment officials announced that Saddam Hussein had sent some arcane virus that was killing birds, mostly crows – and that it could be transmitted to people by mosquitoes. Panic en sued. The mysterious disease threatened to infect and kill people throughout the metropolitan area. “September 4th, 1999 was an extremely important day in the history of New York City,”1 one analyst noted. Indeed, the future history of our city, and the country as well, was about to change. I was in Prospect Park in Brooklyn on that warm day near the end 2 of summer. Hundreds of people were out in the park sunbathing, reading, kissing, walking their dogs. Kids were everywhere play ing baseball and soccer. Suddenly, helicopters buzzed just above the tree line and you could see what we later learned to be Malathion – an organophosphate pesticide invented as a nerve gas by the Nazis in World War II – spewing out in substantial bursts. The Mayor of New York City at that time, Rudy Giuliani, or dered the toxic pesticide Malathion sprayed from helicopters, air planes and trucks, poisoning the entire population, wildlife, soil, parks and waterways. -
13 Police Q. 387 2010
DATE DOWNLOADED: Mon Sep 27 12:19:26 2021 SOURCE: Content Downloaded from HeinOnline Citations: 13 Police Q. 387 2010 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at https://hn3.giga-lib.com/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your license, please use: Copyright Information Police Quarterly 13(4) 387-412 An 20 10 SAGE Publications Reprints and permission: http://www. Com pstat's Effect sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1098611110384085 on Crime: The Fort http://pqx.sagepub.com Worth Experience $SAGE Hyunseok jang, PhD', Larry T. Hoover, PhD2 , and Hee-jong joo, PhD2 Abstract Compstat as a policing strategy became popular following the significant crime reduction in New York City during the 1990s. As an innovative management strategy in policing, Compstat attracted considerable attention from scholars and police practitioners. Despite its popularity, little empirical research has scientifically evaluated the effectiveness of the Compstat strategy. In addition, few studies have concentrated on Compstat strategies implemented during the 2000s outside New York City. This study examines the effective- ness of Compstat as implemented by the Fort Worth (Texas) Police Department (FWPD). Using monthly time-series arrest and crime data over a multiyear period, the study examines whether Compstat engendered a significant increase in "broken windows" arrests (minor nuisance offenses) and, using multivariate time-series analysis, the role of the Compstat strategy in explaining changes in violent, property, and total index crimes. -
Tipping Point
Tipping Point by W.Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW How can you catapult your organization to high performance when time and money are scarce? Police chief Bill Bratton has pulled that off again and again. Here's what it takes. N FEBRUARY 1994, William Bratton was appointed police commissioner of New York City. The odds were I against him. The New York Police Department, with a $2 billion budget and a workforce of 35,000 police offi- cers, was notoriously difficult to manage. Turf wars over jurisdiction and funding were rife. Officers were under- paid relative to their counterparts in neighboring com- munities, and promotion seemed to bear little relation- ship to performance. Crime had gotten so far out of control that the press referred to the Big Apple as the Rot- ten Apple. Indeed, many social scientists had concluded, after three decades of increases, that New York City crime was impervious to police intervention. The best the police could do was react to crimes once they were committed. Yet in less than two years, and without an increase in his budget. Bill Bratton turned New York into the safest large city in the nation. Between 1994 and 1996, felony crime fell 39%; murders, 50%; and theft, 35%. Gallup polls reported that public confidence in the NYPD jumped from 37% to 73%, even as internal surveys showed job sat- isfaction in the police department reaching an all-time high. Not surprisingly, Bratton's popularity soared, and in 1996, he was featured on the cover of Time. Perhaps most impressive, the changes have outlasted their instigator, implying a fundamental shift in the department's organi- zational culture and strategy. -
THE RISE and FALL of NEW YORK MURDER Zero Tolerance Or Crack’S Decline?
BRIT. J. CRIMINOL. VOL. 39 NO. 4 AUTUMN 1999 THE RISE AND FALL OF NEW YORK MURDER Zero Tolerance or Crack’s Decline? BENJAMIN BOWLING* The striking reduction in homicide in New York City between 1991 and 1997 has been claimed as a great success for a ‘new’ policing tactic dubbed ‘zero tolerance’—the aggressive enforcement of minor offences. The evidence that changes in policing made ‘all the difference’ is largely circumstantial, however. Homicide rates were at an all-time high in 1990–91 and had begun to decline before any radical changes in policing policy were instituted. The 1985–91 ‘murder spike’ has been attributed largely to the simultaneous expanding crack cocaine ‘epidemic’ so the subsequent reduction in murder is related logically to the contraction of crack cocaine markets in the 1990s. There is some tentative support for the impact of policing on an already falling crime rate, but the changes in policing between 1991 and 1997 cannot adequately be described as ‘zero tolerance’. The author argues that the ‘New York story’ has been over-simplified and over-sold, and that ‘zero tolerance’ is an inappropriate language for police policy or practice. ‘New York made me do it’ (spray paint graffiti, anonymous, New Cross, London) On 6 January 1997, Tony Blair, then Prime Minister-in-Waiting, was asked whether he agreed with ‘so called Zero-Tolerance policies—practised in New York and being experimented with in London’s King’s Cross—in which every minor law is clamped down on hard by police’. His affirmative answer, ‘Yes I do’, married New Labour to zero tolerance.1 The romance between the Labour party and ‘New York-style policing’ began in the summer of 1995 when shadow Home Secretary Jack Straw visited New York to meet police Commissioner William Bratton and his deputy Jack Maple. -
Amicus Brief
Case 20-2789, Document 332, 11/09/2020, 2970491, Page1 of 29 20-2789 (L) 20-3177 (XAP) In the United States Court of Appeals For the Second Circuit O UNIFORMED FIRE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION, UNIFORMED FIREFIGHTERS ASSOCIATION OF GREATER NEW YORK, POLICE BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, INC., CORRECTION OFFICERS’ BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, INC., SERGEANTS BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION, LIEUTENANTS BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION, CAPTAINS ENDOWMENT ASSOCIATION and DETECTIVES’ ENDOWMENT ASSOCIATION, Plaintiffs-Appellants-Cross-Appellees, – v. – BILL DE BLASIO, in his official capacity as Mayor of the City of New York, Defendant-Appellee, (See inside cover for continuation of caption) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, No. 20-CV-05441-KPF BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE FORMER PROSECUTORS IN SUPPORT OF INTERVENOR-DEFENDANT- APPELLEE-CROSS-APPELLANT AND URGING AFFIRMANCE DORSEY & WHITNEY LLP Attorneys for Amici Curiae Former Prosecutors 51 West 52nd Street New York, New York 10019 (212) 415-9200 APPELLATE INNOVATIONS (914) 948-2240 15199 Case 20-2789, Document 332, 11/09/2020, 2970491, Page2 of 29 _________________________ – and – CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT, DANIEL A. NIGRO, in his official capacity as the Commissioner of the Fire Department of the City of New York, NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, CYNTHIA BRANN, in her official capacity as the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Corrections, DERMOT F. SHEA, in his official capacity as the Commissioner of the New York City Police Department, NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT, FREDERICK DAVIE, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Civilian Complaint Review Board and CIVILIAN COMPLAINT REVIEW BOARD, Defendants-Appellees, – and – COMMUNITIES UNITED FOR POLICE REFORM, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee-Cross-Appellant. -
Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change Author(s): George L. Kelling ; Mary A. Wycoff Document No.: 198029 Date Received: December 2002 Award Number: 95-IJ-CX-0059 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Page 1 Prologue. Draft, not for circulation. 5/22/2001 e The Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change May 2001 George L. Kelling Mary Ann Wycoff Supported under Award # 95 zscy 0 5 9 fiom the National Institute of Justice, Ofice of Justice Programs, U. S. Department of Justice. Points ofview in this document are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily represent the official position ofthe U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Prologue. Draft, not for circulation. 5/22/2001 Page 2 PROLOGUE Orlando W. Wilson was the most important police leader of the 20thcentury. -
National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence P R O C E E D I N G S Meeting IV Hotel Adolphus Dallas, Texas
February 28 - March 1, 1999 National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence P R O C E E D I N G S Meeting IV Hotel Adolphus Dallas, Texas 1 2 Contents February 28 - March 1, 1999 National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence P R O C E E D I N G S Meeting IV ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Agenda ................................................................................................................................................ 4 February 28, 1999 - Appearances ......................................................................................................... 6 Remarks by the Vice-Chair .................................................................................................................. 7 Update on Commission Business ......................................................................................................... 8 Research and Development Working Group Report ........................................................................... 12 Legal Issues Working Group Report .................................................................................................. 22 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Post Conviction Issues Working Group Report .................................................................................. 29 Crime Scene Investigation Working Group -
Moving Toward the Future of Policing
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Moving Toward the Future of Policing Gregory F. Treverton, Matt Wollman, Elizabeth Wilke, Deborah Lai NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION The research described in this report was conducted within the RAND Center for Global Risk and Security under the auspices of the International Programs of the RAND Corporation.