Glossary (Q=Quechua; S=Spanish; E=English)
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Native Traditions in the Postconquest World
This is an extract from: Native Traditions in the Postconquest World Elizabeth Hill Boone and Tom Cummins, Editors Published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 1998 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C. Printed in the United States of America www.doaks.org/etexts.html A Nation Surrounded A Nation Surrounded BRUCE MANNHEIM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Poetry is the plow tearing open and turning over time, so that the deep layers of time, its black under-soil, end up on the surface. Osip Mandelstam (1971: 50) N The Language of the Inka since the European Invasion (1991), I argued that the descendants of the Inkas, modern Southern Peruvian Quechua speak- Iers, are “a nation surrounded,” to use a phrase from the Peruvian novelist José María Arguedas (1968: 296), in two senses: first and more obviously, South- ern Peruvian Quechuas live in an institutional world mediated by the language of their conquerors, Spanish. The conquistadores brought along not only priests and interpreters but a public notary whose job it was to record the legal proto- cols of conquest. From that moment on, native Andeans became the objects of encompassing discourses that have not only shaped colonial and national poli- cies toward the native peoples but, in the legal and commercial arenas, also determined the fates of individual households and communities. For example, the judicial proceedings through which native lands passed into the possession of Spanish colonists were held in Spanish, and the archives are rife with cases in which even the notices of the proceedings were served on native Andean com- munities in Spanish. -
Scissor Dance: the Danzaq of Southern Peru in New York
Spring–Summer 2015 Volume 41: 1–2 The Journal of New York Folklore Scissor Dance: The Danzaq of Southern Peru in New York Stephen Alcorn on Drawing by Hand in a Digital Age Craft Revisited: A Consumer Revolution In Memoriam: Hilt Kelly, Catskills Fiddler and Caller From the Director From the Editor In the past few weeks, Addy had played in the lives of his family and An explosion of pol- I have been strongly band members. As the family patriarch, Yacub len sent us to the hospi- reminded of the value Addy was the senior “tradition bearer” of a tal one May morning. A of traditional arts and family legacy of the renowned Addy family seemingly extraordinarily culture and their im- of drummers, singers, and dancers from the long winter ended sud- portance to the fabric Avenor neighborhood in Accra, Ghana. This denly with 80-degree of our everyday life. role as the elder statesman of the tradition temperatures and soak- As executive direc- of drumming by the Ga people held great ing showers! Spring flow- tor of the New York cultural importance. However, it was also ers responded immedi- Folklore Society, I consider traditional arts important from an economic viewpoint. ately, enthusiastically casting pollen into the and culture to be an important aspect of Throughout the decades of his involvement air, covering porches and cars in a fine yel- one’s sense of self, and a source of pride with Ghanaian drumming, (from before the low dust. Heaven for those awaiting spring. for a community. It seems to me, without independence of Ghana in 1957 to the pres- Hell for those suffering from allergies and question, that one’s knowledge of one’s own ent), Yacub Addy involved at least 62 band asthma. -
The Inca's Triumph Over Geography
___________________ Date ____ Class _____ Latin America Geography and History Activity The Inca's Triumph Over Geography In 1438 the Inca ruler Pachacuti began the scorching coastal deserts, over moun building a powerful empire in what is tains more than 20,000 feet high, through today Peru. By the end of the 1400s, the tangled masses of tropical rain forest, and Incas controlled the largest empire ever across raging torrents of rivers hundreds established in the Americas. It encom of feet wide. Totaling nearly 15,525 miles passed nearly 12 million people in Peru, (25,000 km), the roads were used to tie southern Colombia, Ecuador, northern the vast empire's people together, and to Chile, western Bolivia, and part of north allow quicker movement of soldiers and ern Argentina. goods. Llamas carried loads of agricul tural products or textiles along its length. Three Distinct Regions Storehouses and barracks were placed at Three physical regions-deserts, moun regular intervals. The Inca living nearby tains, and rain forests-made up the Inca maintained each length of road. Empire. Deserts run along the Pacific The highway system also served as a coast. The Atacama Desert in northern communication network for the govern Chile is one of the driest places on Earth. ment and military. Relay runners con Fertile areas can be found, however, where stantly carried messages long distances small rivers and streams run from the often up to 250 miles (403 km) per day. Andes highlands to the sea. That same distance took the Spanish East of the coastal deserts, the Andes colonial post nearly two weeks to cover. -
The Incas.Pdf
THE INCAS THE INCAS By Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen Translated by Simeon Tegel The Incas Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen © Mariana Mould de Pease, 2011 Translated by Simeon Tegel Original title in Spanish: Los Incas Published by Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015 © Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015 Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32 - Perú Tel.: (51 1) 626-2650 Fax: (51 1) 626-2913 [email protected] www.pucp.edu.pe/publicaciones Design and composition: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú First English Edition: January 2011 First reprint English Edition: October 2015 Print run: 1000 copies ISBN: 978-9972-42-949-1 Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú N° 2015-13735 Registro de Proyecto Editorial: 31501361501021 Impreso en Tarea Asociación Gráfica Educativa Pasaje María Auxiliadora 156, Lima 5, Perú Contents Introduction 9 Chapter I The Andes, its History and the Incas 13 Inca History 13 The Predecessors of the Incas in the Andes 23 Chapter II The Origin of the Incas 31 The Early Organization of Cusco and the Formation of the Tawantinsuyu 38 The Inca Conquests 45 Chapter III The Inca Economy 53 Labor 64 Agriculture 66 Agricultural Technology 71 Livestock 76 Metallurgy 81 The Administration of Production 85 Storehouses 89 The Quipus 91 Chapter IV The Organization of Society 95 The Dualism 95 The Inca 100 The Cusco Elite 105 The Curaca: Ethnic Lord 109 Inca and Local Administration 112 The Population and Population -
Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor
Silva Collins, Gabriel 2019 Anthropology Thesis Title: Making the Mountains: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor: Antonia Foias Advisor is Co-author: None of the above Second Advisor: Released: release now Authenticated User Access: No Contains Copyrighted Material: No MAKING THE MOUNTAINS: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads by GABRIEL SILVA COLLINS Antonia Foias, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Anthropology WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts May 19, 2019 Introduction Peru is famous for its Pre-Hispanic archaeological sites: places like Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines, and the city of Chan Chan. Ranging from the earliest cities in the Americas to Inca metropolises, millennia of urban human history along the Andes have left large and striking sites scattered across the country. But cities and monuments do not exist in solitude. Peru’s ancient sites are connected by a vast circulatory system of roads that connected every corner of the country, and thousands of square miles beyond its current borders. The Inca road system, or Qhapaq Ñan, is particularly famous; thousands of miles of trails linked the empire from modern- day Colombia to central Chile, crossing some of the world’s tallest mountain ranges and driest deserts. The Inca state recognized the importance of its road system, and dotted the trails with rest stops, granaries, and religious shrines. Inca roads even served directly religious purposes in pilgrimages and a system of ritual pathways that divided the empire (Ogburn 2010). This project contributes to scholarly knowledge about the Inca and Pre-Hispanic Andean civilizations by studying the roads which stitched together the Inca state. -
The Inca Another Civilization That Grew Powerful About the Same Time As the Aztec Is the Inca
CK_5_TH_HG_P104_230.QXD 2/14/06 2:21 PM Page 131 The Inca Another civilization that grew powerful about the same time as the Aztec is the Inca. By 1525, the Inca had created a vast empire that stretched from what is today northern Ecuador through Peru and into parts of Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Their capital was Cuzco, Peru, the original homeland of the Inca in the Andes Mountains. The Inca began their conquests around 1438. They had a labor tribute sys- tem to rule their conquered people. People had to work for the empire under the supervision of imperial bureaucrats and administrators. The Inca also used a complex resettlement policy to govern conquered people. Whole villages were split up and relocated to various villages closer to Cuzco; the conquered were set- tled among loyal subjects to ensure obedience. Loyal Inca took their place in the conquered villages. This strategy helped ensure that rebellions could not be easi- ly organized and executed. The leader of the empire was called the “Sapa Inca” and was considered the son of the sun god. Below the royal family came the noble class, which was made up of priests, military leaders, and the men who ran the government. When mem- bers of the noble class died, their wives and servants were buried with them. Kings were mummified, sometimes entombed in a seated position, and their bod- ies were preserved and worshipped in temples. For some ceremonies, common- Teaching Idea ers were mummified in bundles, their bodies set in the fetal position. A number Ask students to compare the impor- of ice mummies of children have been found in the Andes. -
Reports on Completed Research for 2014
Reports on Completed Research for 2014 “Supporting worldwide research in all branches of Anthropology” REPORTS ON COMPLETED RESEARCH The following research projects, supported by Foundation grants, were reported as complete during 2014. The reports are listed by subdiscipline, then geographic area (where applicable) and in alphabetical order. A Bibliography of Publications resulting from Foundation-supported research (reported over the same period) follows, along with an Index of Grantees Reporting Completed Research. ARCHAEOLOGY Africa: DR. JAMIE LYNN CLARK, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, received a grant in April 2013 to aid research on “The Sibudu Fauna: Implications for Understanding Behavioral Variability in the Southern African Middle Stone Age.” This project sought to gain a deeper understanding of human behavioral variability during the Middle Stone Age through the analysis of the Still Bay (SB; ~71,000 ya) and pre-SB (>72,000 ya) fauna from Sibudu Cave. In addition to characterizing variation in human hunting behavior within and between the two periods, the project had two larger goals. First, to explore whether the data were consistent with hypotheses linking the appearance of the SB to environmental change. No significant changes in the relative frequency of open vs. closed dwelling species were identified, with species preferring closed habitats predominant throughout. This suggests that at Sibudu, the onset of the SB was not correlated with climate change. Secondly, data collected during this project will be combined with lithic and faunal data from later deposits at Sibudu in order to explore the relationship between subsistence and technological change spanning from the pre-SB through the post-Howiesons Poort MSA (~58,000 ya). -
Entre La Guerra Y La Encomienda En Las Tierras Altas Del Tucumán Colonial, Virreinato Del Peru (1577-1630)
Andes ISSN: 0327-1676 ISSN: 1668-8090 [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Argentina PULARES: ENTRE LA GUERRA Y LA ENCOMIENDA EN LAS TIERRAS ALTAS DEL TUCUMÁN COLONIAL, VIRREINATO DEL PERU (1577-1630) Quiroga, Laura; Hopkins Cardozo, Miguel Nicolás; Alvarado, Ana Emilse PULARES: ENTRE LA GUERRA Y LA ENCOMIENDA EN LAS TIERRAS ALTAS DEL TUCUMÁN COLONIAL, VIRREINATO DEL PERU (1577-1630) Andes, vol. 29, núm. 2, 2018 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Argentina Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=12759121007 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto DOSSIER PULARES: ENTRE LA GUERRA Y LA ENCOMIENDA EN LAS TIERRAS ALTAS DEL TUCUMÁN COLONIAL, VIRREINATO DEL PERU (1577-1630) PULARES: BETWEEN THE WAR AND THE ENCOMIENDA IN THE HIGH LANDS OF THE COLONIAL TUCUMÁN, VICEROYALTY OF PERU (1577-1630) Laura Quiroga [email protected] UBA, Argentina Miguel Nicolás Hopkins Cardozo [email protected] Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Andes, vol. 29, núm. 2, 2018 Ana Emilse Alvarado [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Argentina Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Recepción: 24/03/18 Aprobación: 20/09/18 Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/ Resumen: La historiografía del Tucumán aborda el estudio de los pulares basado en articulo.oa?id=12759121007 el supuesto de que la alianza con el dominio colonial es resultado de una continuidad en la estrategia de sus líderes frente a organizaciones políticas de mayor escala como el Tawantinsuyu. -
Heritage: Chain, Hierarchies and Conflicts
Camilo Montoya-Guevara HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University Budapest CEU eTD Collection May 2017 HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee Alexandra Kowalski Thesis Supervisor CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External -
ABSTRACTS Abstracts ~
INSTITUTE of ANDEAN STUDIES ~ABSTRACTS Abstracts ~ th 60 Annual Meeting JANUARY 10–11, 2020 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 2 Friday, January 10 th ERIK MARSH , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; ANDREW RODDICK , McMaster University; ELIZABETH KLARICH , Smith College; CHRISTINE HASTORF , University of California, Berkeley The incised and the slipped: Tracking the tempo of northern and southern Titicaca basin Formative ceramic styles This paper proposes refinements to the chronology of Formative decorated ceramics in the Lake Titicaca basin. We summarize the results, currently in press, of Bayesian models from eight Late Formative centers in the southern Lake Titicaca basin. We extend this chronology with two new Bayesian models of Middle Formative ceramics from Chiripa in the south and four sites with Pukara ceramics in the north. The similar incised styles and closely aligned chronologies lead us to explore the possibility that decorating practices or even potting communities may have alternated between the north and south during the Formative. LUIS A. FLORES , University of California, Davis Goods to everyone: Obsidian during the Formative Period of the Titicaca basin Previous research in the Lake Titicaca basin proposed that emergent social prestige and status in the Formative Period is indicated by differential access to obsidian by elite and non-elite members of the population. The model anticipates high proportions of obsidian in large ceremonial centers relative to residential centers. This study examines the distribution of obsidian among Middle and Late Formative period (1300 BC - 500 AD) settlements in the Ramis valley in the northern Lake Titicaca basin. The analysis reveals not only an abundance of obsidian projectile points in both site types, but also fails to find any relationship between site type and obsidian prevalance. -
Evaluations of Cultural Properties
WHC-04/28COM/INF.14A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 28th ordinary session (28 June – 7 July 2004) Suzhou (China) EVALUATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The IUCN and ICOMOS evaluations are made available to members of the World Heritage Committee. A small number of additional copies are also available from the secretariat. Thank you 2004 WORLD HERITAGE LIST Nominations 2004 I NOMINATIONS OF MIXED PROPERTIES TO THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST A Europe – North America Extensions of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List United Kingdom – [N/C 387 bis] - St Kilda (Hirta) 1 B Latin America and the Caribbean New nominations Ecuador – [N/C 1124] - Cajas Lakes and the Ruins of Paredones 5 II NOMINATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES TO THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST A Africa New nominations Mali – [C 1139] - Tomb of Askia 9 Togo – [C 1140] - Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba 13 B Arab States New nominations Jordan – [C 1093] - Um er-Rasas (Kastron Mefa'a) 17 Properties deferred or referred back by previous sessions of the World Heritage Committee Morocco – [C 1058 rev] See addendum: - Portuguese City of El Jadida (Mazagan) WHC-04/28.COM/INF.15A Add C Asia – Pacific New nominations Australia – [C 1131] - Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens 19 China – [C 1135] - Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom 24 India – [C 1101] - Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park 26 Iran – [C 1106] - Pasargadae (Pasargad) 30 Japan – [C 1142] - Sacred Sites -
Pottery Production During the Late Horizon in the Huancabamba Valley, Cajamarca - Peru Jose Luis Pena University of South Florida, [email protected]
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2013 Pottery Production during the Late Horizon in the Huancabamba Valley, Cajamarca - Peru Jose Luis Pena University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Pena, Jose Luis, "Pottery Production during the Late Horizon in the Huancabamba Valley, Cajamarca - Peru" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4559 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pottery Production during the Late Horizon in the Huancabamba Valley, Cajamarca – Peru by Jose L. Pena A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Art and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Nancy Marie White, Ph.D. Brent Weisman, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 30, 2013 Keywords: Late Horizon, Inca, Huancabamba, Pottery production, Trace-element analysis Copyright © 2013, Jose L. Pena ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are a number of people and institutions how made this these possible through their guidance and support. First I would like to thank to my advisor Dr. Robert Tykot for his support throughout this entire process. I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Nancy White and Dr.