German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design, Construction and Operations Pdf

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FREE GERMAN BATTLECRUISERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THEIR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS PDF

The Ersatz Yorck class was a group of three battlecruisers ordered but not completed for the German Kaiserliche Marine Imperial Navy in The three ships had originally been ordered as additions to the Mackensen classbut developments abroad, particularly the British Renown -class battlecruisersled to the navy re-designing the ships. Work on the first ship had already begun by the German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design the navy decided to re-design the ships, so the design staff was constrained by the need to use the material already assembled. The name derived from the fact that the lead ship was intended as a replacement German: ersatz for the armored cruiser Yorcklost to mines inand it had Construction and Operations ordered under the provisional Ersatz Yorck. The other two ships, Ersatz Gneisenauand Ersatz Scharnhorstwere considered to be replacements for the armored cruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhorstboth of which had been sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islandsalso in As with the Mackensen s, the three ships of the Ersatz Yorck class were never completed. This was primarily due to shifting wartime construction priorities; U-boats were deemed more important to Germany's war effort later in the war, and so work German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design other types of ships was slowed or halted outright. The lead ship, Ersatz Yorckwas the only vessel of the three to have begun construction, though she was over two years from completion by the time work was abandoned. The ship was broken up on the slipway and machinery that had been assembled for Ersatz Gneisenau was installed in the first four Type U Construction and Operations. Nevertheless, the work that had gone into the Ersatz Yorck design was not a wasted effort; when the design staff began work on the Scharnhorst -class battleships in the s, they used the plans for Ersatz Yorck as a starting point. The Reichsmarineamt RMA — Imperial Naval Office decided that to meet the requirements set in the law, the Navy should construct one battleship and one battlecruiser every year between andwith Construction and Operations additional unit of both types in and The RMA initially believed the war would be over quickly, but by earlyit had become clear that it would not be the case. As a result, it made the decision to use the prescribed construction program to replace the five armored cruisers that had been sunk in the first six months of the war with new battlecruisers, rather than lay down new battleships. The last three of these new battlecruisers were ordered to replace Yorck and the two Scharnhorst -class cruisersthe former having been sunk by German mines in November and the latter pair being sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands the following month. The three vessels of German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design Ersatz Yorck class were to have been members of the Mackensen classand initial funding for the ships was allocated on 21 February Vizeadmiral Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheerthe commander of the High Seas Fleetexpressed his preference for GK2, the largest and fastest of the versions with a top speed of Some consideration was given to the idea that the new battlecruiser design should represent a merging of the battleship and battlecruiser types—what was later termed a " fast battleship "—a concept Wilhelm II had been pushing for years. The so-called " grosskampfschiff " large combat ship would simplify construction and design work, but Konteradmiral Rear Admiral Georg Hebbinghausthe head of the General Navy Department, pointed out that under the German Naval Laws, such a change would not be permitted and that the laws would need to be rewritten to allow the new type. Hebbinghaus nevertheless allowed that the design staff had some leeway in warship development that could be used to get around the legal restrictions. In a meeting on 12 August, Hebbinghaus stated that he wanted to build ships that were similar to traditional battleship designs, preferring survivability to offensive power; he argued that the Mackensen s should be cancelled in favor of this new type, since they had been designed before the navy had any war experience on which to base them. Capelle stated that the last three Mackensen s— Ersatz YorckErsatz Scharnhorstand Ersatz Gneisenau —and Ersatz Friedrich Carl if work had not proceeded too far along, should be reordered as a completely new design, GK6, which he submitted. Scheer objected to the decrease in speed, and for the time being, Hebbinghaus's and Capelle's proposals came to nothing. Another meeting on 24 August concluded that all seven ships of the Mackensen class would be built as designed, German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design General Navy Department noting that they would "still undoubtedly represent a very valuable addition to the fleet in By this time, much of the construction resources of the German Navy had been redirected to the U-boat fleet, so the new ships could not be completed before ; as a result, the Mackensen s would be inferior to the latest American and British designs. By that time, Ersatz Construction and Operations Carl had been laid down the previous November, Construction and Operations was too far along to be converted, leaving the last German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design Mackensen s as the only members available to be rearmed. Indeed, Ersatz Yorck had already been laid down in July. During the re-design process, Scheer requested that the new ships have increased armament, armor, and speed compared to the first four Mackensen s, but owing to the constraints imposed, only the armament could be increased, and the deck armor and speed had to be reduced slightly to keep displacement in check. The length and draft were also increased to keep the ships' speed from falling too much. Since the ships' propulsion systems had already been ordered, they were kept essentially identical to the original Mackensen design, although internal rearrangements allowed the boilers to be trunked into one large funnel rather than the two of the Mackensen s, which conferred several advantages. These included a significant reduction in smoke interference with German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design spotting tops and additional room to move the Construction and Operations mast further aft, which reduced the risk of the mast falling on the conning tower in the event of battle damage and increased the field of view from the spotting top. The Ersatz Yorck -class ships were an enlargement of the previous Mackensen -class ships. They were Ersatz Yorck had the same beam as the earlier vessels, at The Ersatz Yorck -class ships' hulls were to have been constructed with longitudinal steel frames with the outer plating riveted on. The German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design were divided into eighteen watertight compartments. As with all German battlecruisers that had been built, the Ersatz Yorck -class ships would have been equipped with four sets of Parsons steam turbines[7] each of which drove a 3-bladed screw that was 4. The turbines were supplied with steam by 24 coal-fired Schulz-Thornycroft single-ended boilers and 8 oil-fired Schulz-Thornycroft double-ended boilers. The ships were to have electrical power provided by diesel generators. The Ersatz Yorck s were intended to mount a pair of rudders side by side for steering. However, the areas of the hull between the torpedo bulkhead and the outer wall of the ship were also used for fuel storage. In both designs the turrets were arranged in two superfiring pairs, one forward and the other aft. The guns had to be returned to 2. Each turret was fitted with a stereo rangefinder. The shell allotment was divided between armor piercing and high explosive versions, with 60 of the former and 30 of the latter. These guns were intended for defense against torpedo boatsand were supplied with a total of 2, shells. The guns had a sustained rate of fire of 5 to 7 rounds per minute. The shells were Construction and Operations The ships were also to be equipped with eight 8. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower. As was standard for warships of the period, the Ersatz Yorck s were German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design be equipped with submerged torpedo tubes. The Ersatz Yorck -class ships were protected with Krupp cemented steel armoras was the standard for German warships of the period. The German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design layout was identical to the preceding Mackensen class, which was itself very similar to the armor scheme on the preceding Derfflinger -class ships. This included the ammunition magazines and the machinery spaces. The contracts for the ships had originally been allocated while still members of the Mackensen class. Work on Ersatz Yorck began with her keel laying in July under yard number 63, and the midship section of the hull had been assembled by the time the ships were redesigned. The ships were never completed, primarily because bythe shipbuilding industry had largely been diverted to support the U-boat Campaignwhich had become the priority of the Navy. Afterwork on Ersatz Yorck only took place in order to occupy dockyard workers who could not be employed on U-boat construction. As a result, the hull frames that had been assembled were subsequently scrapped on the slipway. Some material for Ersatz Gneisenau had been constructed, including the ship's diesel generators, which were subsequently installed in the first four Type U U-boats UUUand U No work was done on Ersatz Scharnhorst before the ships were cancelled. The design studies ultimately demonstrated that the type of ship that Scheer desired was impractical owing to the size limitations imposed by the German Navy's infrastructure, specifically the existing dry docks and the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. See also : List of ships of the Imperial German Navy. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Class of German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design battlecruisers. Battleships portal. Construction and Operations Yorck -class battlecruisers. Preceded by: Mackensen class Followed by: None. List of battlecruisers of Germany. German naval ship classes of World War I. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Line drawing of Ersatz Yorck. Imperial German Navy. Mackensen class. Pen and Sword Books: German Battlecruisers of World War One - Hardback

This is the most comprehensive study yet in the English language of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers that served in the First World War. Known as Panzerkreuzer, literally 'armoured cruiser', the eight ships of the class were to be involved in several early North Sea skirmishes before the great pitched battle of German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design where they inflicted devastating damage on the Royal Navy's battlecruiser fleet. In this new book the author details their design and construction, and traces the full service history of each ship, recounting their actions, largely from first-hand German sources and official documents, many previously unpublished in English. Detailed line drawings and maps augment the text throughout, as do a wealth of contemporary photos that depict the vessels at sea as well as in dock, where details of damage sustained in action and many aspects of their design can be viewed in close up. A superb series of full-colour, specially-commissioned computer graphics show full length profiles and top-down views of each ship in precise and clear detail. This stunning book is a major new contribution to German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design naval history in this country and will become a 'must-have' volume on the shelves of historians, enthusiasts and modellers and indeed for anyone interested in the navies of the First Construction and Operations War and steel warships in general. But, the author makes clear that the German ships were based on a different conceptual model to contemporary navies, with different design criteria. To this end, this book suits both the expert on Naval history, but equally the novice researcher who is looking to find out more. A wonderful index at the back provides important reference. Again another masterpiece on essential naval documentation that can not be missing in our library. Read the full Spanish review here. This comprehensive study looks at the design and construction of the eight battlecruisers Construction and Operations served the German German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design during World War 1. A superb series of full-colour, specially-commissioned graphics shows full-length profiles and top-down views of each ship in detail. An immense amount of effort has gone into producing this book which is a mine of information and will remain the fundamental source for these ships for the German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design future. The book is produced to the high standard that has come to be expected of Seaforth, beautifully presented with a vast array of detailed illustrations, maps, photographs from the author's own collection and custom-commissioned CAD renders throughout. Print, binding and layout are all excellent. This new study of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers, known as Panzerkreuzers, literally 'armoured cruisers', details their design and construction and traces the full history of the seven ships of the type largely from first hand German sources and official documents, many previously unpublished in English. This stunning book, which is the most comprehensive English language study yet published of the German battlecruisers, details the design, construction and service histories of seven German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design largely from first-hand German sources A 'must have' for all those interested in First World War battlecruisers. The book is beautifully produced, excellent value for money and contains much material that has never before been published in English. This lavish, large size book with the detailed individual biographies of the seven German battlecruisers of the First World War has to be the key reference book on this endlessly fascinating subject. This thoroughly absorbing book is extensively illustrated with a huge number of photographs, many newly or rarely seen, plus diagrams, including guns, shells and boats and many detailed Construction and Operations plans by Marsden Samuel. A master reference book most highly recommended. This new page book is everything you would want form a modeller's point of view - it's packed with photographs and plans of all the German battlecruisers, including those that were not completed or only reached the project stage. All in all, I can't recommend this book highly enough - it's right up there with the like of R. Burt and Norman Friedman and you'll have to go a long way to find a better Construction and Operations. Products Authors Categories Series. Toggle navigation. All By Date Books All Reference Books Politics. Latest Releases Coming Soon Blog. Your basket is empty. Add to Basket. What's this? Need a currency converter? Check XE. Description Reviews 12 This is the most comprehensive study yet in the English language of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers that served in the First World War. Jon Sandison, Freelance Again another masterpiece on essential naval documentation that German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design not be missing in our library. Ships Monthly, December An immense amount of effort has gone into producing this book which is a mine of information and will remain the fundamental source for these ships for the foreseeable future. Warship annual - Aidan Dodson The book is produced to the high standard that has come to be expected of Seaforth, beautifully presented with a vast array of detailed illustrations, maps, photographs from the author's own collection and custom-commissioned CAD renders throughout. The International Journal of Maritime History This new study of the German Imperial Navy's battlecruisers, known as Panzerkreuzers, literally 'armoured cruisers', details their design and construction and traces the full history of the seven ships of the type largely from first hand German sources and official documents, many previously unpublished in English. Warship World As featured in. Marine News This lavish, large size book with the detailed individual biographies of the seven German battlecruisers of the First World War has to be the key reference book on this endlessly fascinating subject. Scuttlebutt This new page book is everything you would want form a modeller's point of view - it's packed with photographs and plans of all the German battlecruisers, including those that were not completed or only reached German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design project stage. Triumph of the Imperial German Navy In latethe Russians, despite the revolution, were still willing to continue the war against Germany. This is an… Available in the following formats: Paperback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: Hardback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: Paperback ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Paperback Kindle. Available in the following formats: ePub Hardback Kindle. Registered in Construction and Operations No. Continue Shopping View Basket. German Battlecruisers of World… ePub German Battlecruisers of World… Kindle Mackensen-class battlecruiser - Wikipedia

She carried the same battery of eight The ship was also slightly larger and faster than her two sister ships. The ship was the last capital ship of any type built for the German navy during World War I. Hindenburg was commissioned late in the war and as a result had a brief service career. The proposed final sortie of the fleet in the last weeks of the war came to nothing when the crews of the capital ships mutinied. Hindenburg was subsequently interned with the rest of the German battlecruisers at Scapa Flow in November Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter ordered the ships be scuttled on 21 June Hindenburg was the last of the ships to sink. She was raised in and broken up for Construction and Operations over the following two years. The Derfflinger class was authorized for the fiscal year as part of the naval law ; design work had begun in early After their British counterparts had begun installing To keep costs from growing too quickly, the number of German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design was reduced from ten to eight, compared to the earlier Seydlitzbut a more efficient superfiring arrangement was adopted. Hindenburgthe third and final member of the class, was allocated to the construction program. Hindenburg was slightly longer than her two sister shipsat Hindenburg displaced 26, tonnes 26, long tons normally and up to 31, tonnes 31, long tons fully laden. Hindenburg was propelled by four sets of steam turbines driving four screws ; steam was provided by 14 coal-fired marine-type double boilers and eight oil-fired marine-type double-ended boilers. Hindenburg ' s primary armament was eight SMS Hindenburg German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design the last battlecruiser completed for the German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design German Navy, and as such had a very short career. She was fully operational by 20 Octoberbut this was too late to see any major operation in World War I. The British raiders included the new battlecruisers RepulseCourageousand Glorious. On 12 December, four German destroyers ambushed a second British convoy of five cargo vessels and two British destroyers. All five transports were sunk, as was one of the destroyers. At on 23 Aprilthe German fleet, Construction and Operations Hindenburg in the lead, departed from the Schillig roadstead. Hipper ordered wireless transmissions be kept to a minimum, to prevent British intelligence from receiving radio intercepts. Without resistance from the water, the propeller-less shaft began spinning faster and faster, until one Construction and Operations the engine gears flew apart. Shrapnel from the broken machinery damaged several boilers and tore a hole in the hull; the ship was dead in the water. However, it was decided to take the ship under tow by the battleship Oldenburg. Despite this setback, Hipper continued northward. ByHipper's Construction and Operations had crossed the convoy route several times but had found nothing. AtHipper turned his ships southward. Bythe German fleet had made it back to the defensive minefields surrounding their bases. It was later discovered that the convoy had left port a day later than expected by the German planning staff. Hindenburg was to have taken part in what would have amounted to the "death ride" of the High Seas Fleet shortly before the end of World War I. The bulk of the High Seas Fleet was to have sortied from their base in Wilhelmshaven to engage the Grand Fleet; Admiral Reinhard Scheer intended to inflict as much damage as possible on the British navy, to achieve a better bargaining position for Germany whatever the cost to the fleet. After both strikes, the fleet was to concentrate off the Dutch coast, where it would meet the Grand Fleet in battle. While the fleet was consolidating in Wilhelmshaven, war-weary sailors began deserting en masse. On 24 Octoberthe order was given to Construction and Operations from Wilhelmshaven. In the face of open rebellion, the order to sail was rescinded and the planned operation was abandoned. Under the terms of the Armistice between Germany and the Allies that ended World War I, the majority of the German fleet was to be interned at Scapa Flow ; this included Hindenburg and the rest of the battlecruisers. On 21 Novemberthe ships to be interned—14 capital ships, seven light cruisers, and 50 of the most modern torpedo boats—departed German waters for what would prove to be the last time. The massive flotilla consisted of some British, American, and French warships. The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations in Versailles that ultimately produced the treaty that ended the war. A copy of The Times informed Reuter that the Armistice was to expire at noon on 21 Junethe deadline by which Germany was to have signed the peace treaty. Reuter came to the conclusion that German Battlecruisers of World War One: Their Design British intended to seize the German ships after the Armistice expired. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at Reuter transmitted the order to his ships. Her captain had deliberately arranged that the ship sank on an even keel to make it easier for her crew to escape. Her bell was presented to the Bundesmarine Federal Navy on 28 May From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. German battlecruiser of the Kaiserliche Marine. Main article: Derfflinger-class battlecruiser. Main article: Scuttling of Construction and Operations German fleet at Scapa Flow. Battleships portal. See: Staffp. See: Massiep. Admiral Sydney Fremantle stated that he informed von Reuter on the evening of the 20th, though von Reuter claims he was unaware of the development. For Fremantle's claim, see Bennettp. For von Reuter's statement, see Herwigp. Derfflinger -class battlecruisers. List of battlecruisers of Germany. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Hindenburg at anchor at Scapa Flow. Kaiserliche WerftWilhelmshaven. Scuttled at Scapa Flow on 21 Junewreck raisedscrapped — Derfflinger -class battlecruiser. Belt: mm Command Tower: mm Deck: 30 mm Turrets: mm.