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Hrvoje-Matković-Povijest-NDH Biblioteka hrvatske povijesti Urednik Josip Pavičić Recenzenti prvog izdanja Akademik Ljubo Boban Dr. Franko Mirošević Oblikovanje naslovnice Ozana Blažeković Babić Korektor drugog izdanja Željko Holjevac Znak u krugu na naslovnoj stranici preuzet je iz enciklopedij- skog zbornika Znanje i radost, Zagreb, Naklada HIBZ-a, 1942. © 2002. Hrvoje Matković, Naklada Pavičić Hrvoje Matković POVIJEST NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Drugo, dopunjeno izdanje s koloriranim prilogom Ikonografija Sadržaj Predgovor drugom izdanju 9 Predgovor prvom izdanju 10 UVOD HRVATSKA U JUGOSLAVENSKOJ DRŽAVI IZMEĐU DVA RATA Osnovna obilježja hrvatske politike 17 PRIPREMA USTAŠKA EMIGRACIJA I NJEZINO DJELOVANJE DO 1941. Korijeni ustaštva 29 Odlazak Ante Pavelića iz zemlje. Prve postaje Beč i Sofija . 31 Prijelaz u Italiju i organiziranje emigranata 34 Lički ili Velebitski ustanak 39 Atentat u Marseilleu 41 Ustaška organizacija poslije atentata u Marseilleu 44 Djelovanje ustaške skupine u zemlji 47 DRŽAVA USPOSTAVA NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Slom jugoslavenske države 53 Proglašenje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 56 Pavelićev povratak u zemlju 62 PRIZNANJE NDH I UTVRĐIVANJE NJEZINIH GRANICA Priznanje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 69 6 Hrvoje Matković: POVIJEST NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Rimski ugovori 72 Razgraničenje s ostalim susjedima 75 Stanje u anektiranoj Dalmaciji 78 USTROJSTVO DRŽAVE I UNUTARNJA ORGANIZACIJA Poglavnik 83 Uspostavljanje organa nove vlasti 85 Upravna podjela 87 Organizacija ustaškog pokreta 89 Hrvatski državni sabor 93 ORUŽANE SNAGE Domobranstvo 99 Vojno-teritorijalna organizacija 103 Hrvatski legionari 106 Oružništvo 107 Ustaška vojnica 108 Poluvojničke postrojbe 112 GOSPODARSKE PRILIKE Osnovna obilježja 113 Organizacija gospodarskog života 116 Kuna - hrvatska novčanica 118 Industrijska proizvodnja i rudarstvo 119 Izvoz radne snage 121 Prehrana stanovništva 121 VJERSKE ZAJEDNICE Katolička crkva 125 Hrvatska pravoslavna crkva 128 Islamska vjerska zajednica 132 KULTURNI ŽIVOT 135 Novine i časopisi 137 Književni jezik i pravopis 139 Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 141 Hrvatsko sveučilište 142 Matica hrvatska 146 Izdavačka djelatnost, kazalište, film 148 Sadržaj 7 AKCIJA ODNOSI NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE S ITALIJOM Talijanski diplomat u Zagrebu 153 Designirani hrvatski kralj 154 Talijanske vojne jedinice na području NDH 157 Pavelić i Kvaternik u Italiji 161 ODNOSI NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE S NJEMAČKOM Razmjena diplomatskih predstavnika 164 Njemački general u Zagrebu 168 Pavelič kod Hitlera. NDH u Trojnom paktu 171 Njemačka narodna skupina 174 POLITIKA NACIONALNE I RASNE ISKLJUČIVOSTI Zakonodavni akti 175 Izvanredni i prijeki sudovi 176 Srpsko pitanje 180 Odnos prema Židovima i Romima 182 Koncentracijski logori 186 SNAGE UGROŽAVANJA NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Pojava antifašističkog pokreta 189 Četnički pokret 191 Dvije koncepcije o obnovi Jugoslavije 195 Rast NOP-a i njegovih predstavničkih tijela 196 HRVATSKA SELJAČKA STRANKA U NDH Maček i HSS poslije proglašenja NDH 199 Napori ustaškog vodstva na privlačenju članova HSS-a . 200 Novo raslojavanje HSS-a. Pregovori s ustaškim vrhom .... 201 Misija pukovnika Ivana Babiča 204 Pokušaji suradnje HSS-a s NOP-om 207 POLITIČKA I VOJNA ZBIVANJA 1942. I 1943. Udaljavanje Slavka Kvaternika i Eugena Dide Kvaternika. 209 Muslimanska akcija za autonomiju Bosne i Hercegovine. 211 Kapitulacija Italije i granice NDH 216 POKUŠAJ SPAŠAVANJA NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Povezivanje ustaških dužnosnika s vodstvom HSS-a 220 8 Hrvoje Matković:: POVIJEST NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE Plan djelovanja 222 Pavelićev udar protiv zavjerenika 223 SLOM POSLJEDNJI DANI I PROPAST NDH Opća situacija početkom 1945. i položaj NDH 229 Planovi i dogovaranja 230 Sovjetski prijedlozi poglavniku Paveliću 234 Memorandum vlade NDH 237 Povlačenje. Blajburška tragedija 238 Sudbina zlata i novca NDH 241 DRUGA USTAŠKA EMIGRACIJA Pavelić ponovno u emigraciji 247 Novo organiziranje i pojačano djelovanje 248 Podjele i programi 250 POLITIČKI ŽIVOTOPISI GLAVNIH LIČNOSTI U NDH .... 255 DOKUMENTI 279 Literatura 305 Imensko kazalo 309 Bilješka o autoru 319 IKONOGRAFIJA Prilog u boji 321 Predgovor drugom izdanju Od prvog izdanja ove knjige prošlo je osam godina i ono je već davno rasprodano. Utvrdivši da je interes za problematiku Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i dalje velik, nakladnik se odlučio za novo izdanje. Kako je u međuvremenu, od prvog izdanja do da- nas, objavljeno nekoliko monografija i manjih studija u znanstve- nim časopisima u kojima se donose novi rezultati znanstvenih is- traživanja o NDH, trebalo je povećati opseg knjige. Tako je u do- govoru s nakladnikom prvobitni tekst mjestimično proširen i dopunjen. Proširenje i dopune teksta omogućila su temeljitija i shvatljivija objašnjenja nekih pojedinčanih događanja, koja daju potpuniju sliku osnovne problematike. Kao i u prvom izdanju, zadržana je struktura teksta i obrada bez bilježaka kako bi se po- stigla veća preglednost i bolje praćenje sadržaja. Time je knjiga i dalje ostala pristupačna širem krugu čitatelja koji žele više sazna- ti o nastanku, trajanju i nestanku hrvatske države u vrijeme Dru- gog svjetskog rata. Proširen je i popis literature radovima koje je autor naknadno konzultirao. Naime, riječ je o već spomenutim monografijama koje su se pojavile nakon prvog izdanja knjige. I u ovom izdanju donose se na kraju knjige kratke biografije niza aktera zbivanja koji se u knjizi spominju. Broj tih ličnosti je povećan, a o nekima, koje su već bile uvrštene u prethodno izda- nje, dodani su podaci do kojih je autor naknadno došao. Ti doda- ci pridonose cjelovitijoj spoznaji osoba koje su imale udjela u određenim političkim akcijama. U ovo izdanje uvršteno je i nekoliko dokumenata. Njihov je broj ograničen jer predviđeni opseg novog izdanja nije dopustio širi izbor. Radi se o dokumentima karakterističnim za prosudbe ustaške ideologije i djelovanje ustaškog vrha, odnosno glavnog nositelja političke akcije - poglavnika Pavelića. Ti su dokumenti 10 Hrvoje Matković:: POVIJEST NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE inače objavljeni u nekim zbirkama građe, navedenim u bilješci i u popisu literature. Neki su zahvati učinjeni i u ilustrativnom materijalu. Naime, određene su slike izostavljene i nadomještene onima koje autor smatra znakovitijima za ocrtavanje vremena i likova NDH, a do- dan je i prilog u boji. Na kraju zahvaljujem se izdavačkoj kuci i uredniku gospodi- nu Josipu Pavičiču, čijom inicijativom i suradnjom je pripremlje- no i objavljivano ovo izdanje. Autor Predgovor prvom izdanju Nastanak, trajanje i slom Nezavisne Države Hrvatske široj su javnosti površno i jednostrano poznati. U razdoblju druge Ju- goslavije pisanje o NDH bilo je opterećeno ideološkim pristu- pom i političkim prosudbama koje su je obilježile kao neprijatelj- sku tvorevinu. O njoj se pisalo sa stajališta pobjedničke partizan- ske borbe predvođene Komunističkom partijom Jugoslavije. Pri tom je uočljiva izrazita tendencija - posebno političkih ljudi - da se NDH, naglašavanjem njezinih negativnih obilježja i postupa- ka njenih vodećih ljudi, prikaže u što lošijem svijetlu. Međutim, NDH je dio novije hrvatske povijesti, i to upravo onaj koji je um- nogome utjecao na položaj Hrvatske i hrvatskog naroda poslije Drugog svjetskog rata. Nasuprot nekadašnjim pojavama sotoni- zacije NDH, u novije vrijeme se susrećemo s pojavama glorifika- cije te države. Stoga je potrebno objektivno utvrditi njezino pra- vo povijesno značenje u kontinuitetu povijesnog događanja. NDH je nepobitno rezultat prethodnog povijesnog razvitka Hr- vatske. Četiri godine NDH valja promatrati u širokom kontekstu povijesnih procesa na hrvatskim prostorima, poglavito u kontek- stu uzroka i posljedica tih procesa. Ona je nesumnjivo bila poku- šaj rješavanja hrvatskog pitanja uspostavom vlastite, neovisne hr- vatske države. No, u tome se ne smije zanemariti vrijeme njezine pojave i utjecaj okruženja u kojem je nastala. NDH bijaše pod- ložna planovima i pothvatima mnogih činitelja, i to najprije me- Predgovor 11 đunarodnih, a zatim i snaga koje su je osporavale i s kojima se ona neprestano sučeljavala. Svjestan potrebe da se našoj široj javnosti dadu najneophod- nije informacije o Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj kao povijesnoj stvarnosti, prihvatio sam ponudu nakladnika da priredim kratak pregled njezine povijesti. Danas uistinu možemo pristupiti smi- renijem i objektivnijem raspravljanju i prosuđivanju svega što se u NDH i oko nje događalo i što je ona uistinu bila te kakvo mjes- to zauzima u novijoj hrvatskoj povijesti. Tekst koji je pred čitate- ljem nastoji, na temelju do sada objavljene literature i dostupne izvorne grade, prikazati postanak i četverogodišnje trajanje hr- vatske države od 1941. do 1945. Znanstvena literatura, koja se do sada bavila Nezavisnom Državom Hrvatskom, iako nije bila sas- vim imuna na ideološke tendencije, dala je mnogo relevantnih podataka o uspostavi države, njezinom ustroju, unutarnjim prili- kama i vanjskopolitičkim odnosima. Autor se za izradu ovog pregleda koristio većim brojem knjiga i drugih radova. Posebno valja upozoriti na radove Bogdana Krizmana i Fikrete Jelić-Butić. Ti su autori objavili najviše tekstova o NDH. Ali, i drugi su rado- vi znatno pripomogli da se obrada upotpuni podacima i procje- nama (popis je priložen na kraju knjige). Oslanjajući se na tu lite- raturu, na nove izvorne podatke i na emigrantsku literaturu, ko- ja nam u posljednje vrijeme postupno pristiže, bilo je moguće prikazati sve komponente koje su u kratkom trajanju NDH došle do izražaja i procijeniti ih bez apologije i negativnih pretjeriva- nja. Knjiga je naslovljena
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