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The Spirit of Reform Chapter 15 255 APTE CH R NGSSS SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence THE SPIRIT of individuals on social and political developments of this era in 15 American History. SS.8.A.4.11 Examine the aspects OF REFORM of slave culture including plantation life, resistance efforts, and the role of the slaves’ spiritual system. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why do societies change? What motivates people to act? How do new ideas change the way people live? My heart was bursting with Writing to one of her children, Harriet Beecher “ Stowe explained why she was inspired to write the anguish excited by the cruelty Uncle Tom’s Cabin: and injustice our nation was showing to the slave, and praying God to let me do a little and to cause my cry for them to be heard. HARRIET BEECHER ” STOWE PHOTO: Library of Congress anguish Write another word (synonym) for anguish below. To whom is Stowe referring as them? Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. DBQ BREAKING IT DOWN When Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published, many of its critics argued that Stowe was exaggerating the conditions in which American slaves were living. Suppose that you are an abolitionist living in the 1800s. Write a response to Stowe’s critics. netw rksTM There’s More Online! The Spirit of Reform Chapter 15 255 255_266_DOPA_WB_C15_661734.indd 255 9/15/11 11:59 AM NGSSS SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence N of individuals on social and political SO S developments of this era E in American History. L SOCIAL REFORM SS.8.A.4.9 Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of the Second Great Awakening on social reform movements. SS.8.A.4.15 Examine the causes, 1 course, and consequences of literature movements significant to this era of American history. Essential Question Why do societies change? Guiding Questions 1. What was the effect of the Second Great Awakening? 2. What type of American literature emerged in the 1820s? Where in the World? Worl ? Terms to Know Education and Protest revival religious meeting utopia Perkins community based on a vision Thoreau Institute goes to jail for the Blind of the perfect society Mass. temperance Hartford School drinking little for the Deaf First Normal or no alcohol School normal school state-supported school Connecticut for training high school Oberlin graduates to become teachers College N civil disobedience Ohio E refusing to obey laws W considered unjust S When Did It Happen? 18411841 1846 Co pyr 1817 1839 DorotheaDorothea Dix beginsbegins Henry David Thoreau i g Hartford School for First state-supported to visit prisoners and goes to jail ht the Deaf founded normal school founded the mentally ill © by T in Massachusetts he Mc 18611 Gr EmilyEmily Dickinson writes a “H““Hope”Hopeope w-H i ll Co mp 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 anies , I 18331 nc. OberlinO College opens 256 Chapter 15 The Spirit of Reform 255_266_DOPA_WB_C15_661734.indd 256 9/15/11 12:00 PM netw rksTM Read Chapter 15 Lesson 1 in your textbook or online. Mark the Text 1. Graphic Organizer Complete Religion and Reform the graphic organizer to describe Religious camp meetings, called revivals, were popular in the the contributions of four early 1800s. This era was a time of great religious interest reformers during the 1800s. known as the Second Great Awakening. People believed that they should work to improve or reform society. Some reformers wanted to improve society by setting up Show Your Skill utopias. These were communities based on the idea of a perfect 2. Identify the Main Idea society. Most of these communities did not last. Place a check mark next to the Several social reform movements came about in the 1800s. better statement of the main idea Some reformers, like Lyman Beecher, called for temperance. of this page. This meant drinking little or no alcohol. These reformers used Several social reform lectures and booklets to warn people about the dangers of movements started in the 1800s. liquor. The temperance movement led to the passage of some laws, but most of them were later repealed. Some reformers In the mid-1800s, most people did not believe in required worked for temperance. education. Education also was usually not available to girls and many African Americans. Some reformers wanted to improve education. In Massachusetts, Horace Mann founded the nation’s Think Critically first state-supported normal school. This was a school in which 3. Evaluate Which reformer people were trained to be teachers. Many colleges and do you think made the most universities were also set up during this time. important contribution to Some reforms helped people with disabilities. Thomas American society? Why? Gallaudet (GA•luh•DEHT) developed a way to teach people who could not hear. Samuel Gridley Howe helped teach people who could not see. He created books with large raised letters that people could “read” with their fingers. Dorothea Dix educated people about the poor conditions in which prisoners and mentally ill people lived. Reformer Contributions Mark the Text Lyman Beecher 4. Circle the names of three people who worked for reforms for people with disabilities. Horace Mann Thomas Gallaudet Dorothea Dix Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Social Reform Lesson 1 257 255_266_DOPA_WB_C15_661734.indd 257 3/30/11 10:37 AM Show Your Skill Culture Changes 5. Classify Information Identify The changes in American society made an impact on art and the person described in each of the following: literature. American artists started to develop their own style of art. Their art had to do with American themes. A transcendentalist who supported The reform spirit had an effect on the transcendentalists. women’s rights in her writings These thinkers and writers stressed the relationship between humans and nature. They also wrote about the importance of the individual conscience. The conscience deals mainly with An American poet who wrote a person’s values or sense of right and wrong. In her writings, story poems Margaret Fuller supported women’s rights. Ralph Waldo Emerson pushed for people to listen to their conscience and to rise above their prejudice. Henry David Thoreau practiced civil Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin disobedience. He refused to obey laws he thought were unjust. American poets also created great works. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote story poems, such as the Song of Hiawatha. In Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman captured the new American spirit. Emily Dickinson wrote personal poems. Harriet Beecher Think Critically Stowe wrote the best-selling novel in the mid-1800s. In her novel, 6. Conclude How did art in the Uncle Tom’s Cabin, she wrote about the injustice of slavery. United States change in the 1800s? PHOTO: North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy Take the Challenge 7. Read a poem by Longfellow and one by Whitman. Compare and contrast the content of the two poems. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Walt Whitman wrote poems that celebrated the senses. NGSSS Check List four areas of reform in the 1800s. SS.8.A.4.9 258 Chapter 15 The Spirit of Reform 255_266_DOPA_WB_C15_661734.indd 258 9/15/11 12:00 PM NGSSS SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence N of individuals on social and political SO S developments of this era E in American History. L THE SS.8.A.4.11 Examine the aspects of slave culture including plantation life, resistance efforts, and the role of the slaves’ spiritual system. ABOLITIONISTS SS.8.A.5.2 Analyze the role of slavery 2 in the development of sectional conflict. Essential Question What motivates people to act? Guiding Questions 1. How did Americans’ attitudes toward slavery change? 2. Why did the reform movement gain momentum? 3. Who opposed the abolition of slavery? Where in the World? Worl ? Terms to Know The Underground Railroad abolitionists reformers who worked G to abolish, or end, slavery Wash. rea CANADA Terr. t L N.H. ak Me. in the early 1800s in the es Vt. United States Oregon Dakota Minn. Territory N.Y. Wis. Mass. Mich. R.I. Iowa Nebraska Pa. Conn. Nev. Territory N.J. Terr. Utah Ind. Ohio Del. Territory Colo. Ill. Md. Calif. Terr. Kansas Virginia Mo. Ky. N.C. Tenn. New Mexico Indian Ark. Territory Territory S.C. ATLANTIC Ga. PACIFIC Miss. OCEAN OCEAN Ala. Okefenokee Texas La. Swamp N Fla. E Slaveholding regions W Non-slaveholding regions Gulf of Mexico S UndergroundU Railroad route 0 400 miles Everglades 1860 boundary 0 400 km MEMEXICO Albers Equal-Area projection nc. , I When Did It Happen? anies 18161816 18311831 18331 p 17871 AmericanAmerican Colonization William Lloyd Garrison AmericanA Com StatesS given Society foundefoundedd bebegangan publishingpublishing AAnti-Slavery Society ll i aauthority to -H The Liberator ffoundedo ddecide whether raw G ttoo allow slavery Mc he T by © 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 18321 1840 yright NewN England Anti-Slavery p Co SSociety founded The Abolitionists Lesson 2 259 255_266_DOPA_WB_C15_661734.indd 259 9/15/11 12:00 PM PHOTO: PHOTO: Source/Alamy Image Mark the Text netw rksTM Read Chapter 15 Lesson 2 in your textbook or online. 1.1 UnderlineU d li theh ddefinitionfi ii off abolitionists. The Start of the Abolition Movement Show Your Skill The spirit of reform in the early 1800s included the work of abolitionists. Abolitionists were reformers who worked 2. Identify Cause and Effect to abolish, or end, slavery. Even before the American Explain why the efforts of the Revolution, some Americans worked to end slavery. By the American Colonization Society early 1800s, Northern states had ended slavery. However, were not more successful. it was an important part of the South’s economy.
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