Country Report

May, 2014, of , IPA PP1 - Croatia Table of Content

Chapter 1:...... 4 Public Administration Issues...... 4 1.1. Current situation and legal framework...... 5 1.2. Best practices and SWOT analysis...... 8 1.3.Solutions and recommendation...... 18 1.4. Conclusions...... 23 Chapter 2:...... 25 Social Issues...... 25 2.1. Current situation...... 26 2.2. Best practices and SWOT analysis...... 29 2.3. Solutions and recommendations...... 38 2.4. Conclusions...... 39 Chapter 3:...... 40 Building Innovation Issues...... 40 3.1.Current situation...... 41 3.2. Best practices and SWOT analysis...... 47 3.3. Solutions and recommendations...... 50 3.4. Conclusions...... 51 APPENDIX 1...... 52 APPENDIX 2...... 53

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia BUILD SEE Addressing the divide between the EU indicators and their practical implementation in the green construction and eco-social re-qualification of residential areas in South East regions

Introduction (national specific issues)

The Country report for Croatia will try to outline the main issues regarding institutional framework in the areas related to the BUILD SEE project mainly the urban planning and integrated territorial development. The frequent changes of the legal framework regulating this area and scatterdness of the regulations within several ministries hence several legal acts regulating the area, are identifies as the main obstacle to the coherent imple- mentation of the sustainable urban development principles. One of the main operative goals of this material was to provide an overview of the planning tools regulating by diverse laws and coordinated in different departments. This in many ways provides an important and updated knowledge to policy makers on the state of art in the relevant field. So far, on the national and regional level there is not existing knowledge on this issue and the lack of common development strategy is reflected in the huge amount of local plans devised by Ministry of physical planning, Ministry of regional development and Ministry of agriculture to name just the most important actors. Moreover, this national report has showed great overlapping of these tools regulating territorial development aspects. The methods used in the preparation of this report therefore rely heavily on the focus group discussions reg- ulated though the workgroups and extensive comparative document analysis of the relevant legal acts. The special attention is dedicated to the best examples in each area showing the possible path to follow in all three thematic groups outlined by the project. The Croatian public administration issues are therefore analyzed looking at the three main areas regulating territorial development - acts regulating land use planning, regional development and agricultural develop- ment. We have outlined the current situation and suggested the coordination of diverse tools regulating these areas. Social issues are questioned looking in detail on the lack of social housing initiatives, which followed the privatization of the housing social housing stock. This negative trend is counterbalanced with an example of a successful practice in socially incited housing. The case study of Novi Jelkovac is one of the few examples in the field of housing policies, which managed to, at least till the certain level, respond to the different social groups, promoting citizens participation. The last area built heavily on the deficits of the institutional framework and focused on the concepts of energy efficiency on different territorial scales in the urban planning and in the peri-urban areas in particular.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Chapter 1: Public Administration Issues

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 1.1. Current situation and legal framework The main issues recognized in the Croatian system regarding the public administration competences in inte- grated territorial development is the complex and uncoordinated legal framework. With this material we try to summarize different laws regulating the same aspect, imposing the wide number of tools – local plans uncoor- dinated between themselves, often overlapping and unfamiliar outside of the specific sectorial groups. Howev- er these tools, will be the prime burden to the public administration and local budgets in the following period. 1. Draft of the Regional Development Law In the end of 2013.the Draft of the Regional Development Law was introduced to the public as an update to the former Regional Development Law enacted in 2009. The Regional Development Law determines the goals and principles of regional development management in the Republic of Croatia. It carries out the necessary plan- ning documents, appoints competent state entities and classifies development stages of different spatial units. The enactment of the new and complete Regional Development Law is announced for the beginning of 2014. Regional Development Law appoints strategic planning – as one of several principles of regional develop- ment politics - by the enactment and implementation of planning documents to enable more efficient planning and to coordinate the regional development politics. Thereforeplanning areas are constituted, but they are not a regional self-government unit – as in the case of 21 - nor are they legal entities.

Newly designated planning areas are: - Central Croatia - Northwestern Croatia - Eastern Croatia - Central and South Adriatic (which includes Splitsko-Dalmatinska and Dugopolje Municipal- ity) - North Adriatic and .

To realize a more efficient regional planning system, urban areas are constituted, besides the planning areas stated above. By the Regional Development Law urban areas include urban agglomerations (, Split, Ri- jeka, ) and other urban areas (local s elf-government units which have a population over 35.000, accord- ing to the last census). Planning documents of regional development politics are:

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia -Regional development strategy of the Republic of Croatia, which determines the goals and priorities of region- al development of Croatia, as well as the coordination between state administration offices and other actors of regional development involved in the implementation of the Strategy -County development strategies and Development strategy of the City of Zagreb , which determines develop- ment goals and priorities for areas of 20 counties + Zagreb in Croatia with a special emphasis on large cities and cities with central county offices and their role in inciting development -Development strategies of urban areas, which determines development goals for newly formed urban ag- glomerations and other urban areas. An important tool to classify the heterogeneousity and regional differences of spatial units in Croatia is the de- velopment index, carried out by the Regional Development Law. The development index classifies administra- tive units of Croatia in comparison to the national average of the index using the income per capita, unemploy- ment rate, source income of the citizens of counties and/or , population trends and educational level as relevant criteria. For counties the classification is: - I. group: counties which have a development index below 75% of the national average - II. group: counties which have a development index from 75% to 100% of the national average - III. group: counties which have a development index from 100% to 125% of the national average - IV. group: counties which have a development index above 125% of the national average. For municipalities the classification is: - I. group: municipalities which have a development index below 50% of the national average - II. group: municipalities which have a development index from 50% to 75% of the national average - III. group: municipalities which have a development index from 75% to 100% of the national average - IV. group: municipalities which have a development index from 100% to 125% of the national average - V. group: municipalities which have a development index above 125% of the national average. On the basis of the stated classification, underdeveloped areas of Croatian territory are determined and distinguished by the Regional Development Law as aided areas. The Program of sustainable social and economic development of aided areas is a tool for the incitement of development of aided areas, establishment of carriers, implementation, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, as well as financial resources.Aided areas of the Republic of Croatia are: - Counties sorted to the I. group - Municipalities sorted to the I. or II. group .

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The Regional Development Law approves the main planning document for regional development –Region - al development strategy of the Republic of Croatia (for the period 2011-2013) - as active till the December 31 of 2014. Besides the main planning document, the Program for incitement of regional competitiveness and urban development is a novelty declared by the Law, for a 5-year period. No defined limits or char- acteristics of urban areas are stated (regarding the urban areas or urban agglomerations) in the Program. Territorial Agenda similarities Parallel to the Territorial AgendaEU 2020 concept, the stated urban agglomerations are viewed as metro- politan areas with a significant development role outside the European core. Of the four listed urban ag- glomerations, Zagreb stands out as the most important due to transport connections and accessibility, share of work places and economic strength. After Zagreb, the largest urban agglomeration is Split with a specific Mediterranean, tourism-oriented surrounding, large hinterland oriented towards the coastline and favor- able accessibility, as in Zagreb’s case. Other urban areas – settlements with more than 35.000 residents – re- fers to a settlement network of 14 urban centres, dispersed across Croatia with questionable mutual ties but specific regional and local importance (in some examples at least). The above listed cities are considered as small and medium-sized cities, with an important role in their counties (especially in more sparsely popu- lated and rural ones). As it is recognized on EU level, so is the situation in the Croatian context: polarisa- tion exists between the largest urban agglomeration – Zagreb – and other urban agglomerations and areas. Besides urban areas and agglomeration, Regional development Law highlights aidedareas of Croatia as well. They are seen as areas which fall behind, based on their economic, demographic and general development settings.Great diversities are reflected when compared to other areas of Croatia (urban areas especially) on the basis of different values of the development index. Similar demographic (ageing, emigration, depopulation) and economic pro- cesess (lack of investments, labor shortages), with the effects of social deprivation and spatial degradation, bring aided areas closer to remote rural areas and internal rural peripheries, as determined in the Territorial Agenda.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 1.1.STRATEGY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, 2011.-2013.

The Strategy is enacted in 2010 for the period 2011 – 2013. The date of issue of the Strategy for the new devel- opment period is not known. The existing Strategy lays three strategic goals: - Development of counties and statistical regions - Development of aided areas - Development of border areas. The of Croatia according to EUROSTAT criteria is the following : - NUTS 1 region → territory of Republic of Croatia - NUTS 2 regions → Continental and Adriatic Croatia - NUTS 3 regions → territoriy of 21 counties of Croatia. The Strategy defines the instruments, as well as the actors, intended to decrease regional disparities (especial- ly underdeveloped areas). The legislative planning instruments of regional development are: - Regional Development Law - Law on Islands - Law on Renewal and Development of the City of - Law on Agriculture and Rural Development Support - Law on Investment Incitement and Advancement - Law on Inciting Small Enterprises. Actors of regional development are: - Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds - Agency for Regional Development of Republic of Croatia - Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure - Ministry of Finances - Ministry of Economy - Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts - Ministry of Tourism - Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Development - Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection - Ministry of Physical Planning and Construction - Ministry of Culture. The former Ministry of Regional Development, Forestry and Water Management – nowdays the Minis- try of Regional Development and EU Funds - created the initiative of designing and implementing coun- ty development plans, known as regional operative programs (ROP). All counties of Croatia, includ- ing Zagreb, made their own ROPs as a tool in analyzing the spatial and social trends, offering a county development vision and coordinating county goals of development with the national and EU priorities.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2. Agricultural Law

As defined in the main goals of agricultural politics of the Agricultural Law - carried out in 2009 - the preservation of natural resources, rural areas and rural values, as well as the contribution to their prog- ress, are among the most essential goals. The agricultural politics is conducted through several mea- sures, of which the measures of rural development politics and measures of land politics are the more im- portant ones. The first set of measures applies to the improvement of competitiveness of the agricultural sector, preservation and improvement of the environment, diversification of rural economic activities and the improvement of quality of life in rural areas. Measures of land politics promote sustainable usage of agricultural land, with a systematic and efficient environment protection, for the interest of the Republic of Croatia. The measures of land politcsare the allocation of usage rights and sale of agricultural land in the property of the state; improvement of uses of agricultural land; protection of land against pollution. The above stated measures of agricultural politics are implemented by the National program for agriculture and rural development, the tool for conducting economic activities regarding the time schedule, goals, an- ticipated effects and financial resources of agricultural measures. The main actors of the implementation, monitoring and realization stages of agricultural activities are the Agency for Payment in Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Development, National Assembly for Agriculture and Rural Areas and the Ministry of Agriculture.

3. Law on Agricultural Land

The preservation, usage, conversion and management of agricultural land is defined by the Law of Agricultural Land. The Law orders the maintenance of agricultural land for agricultural produc- tion. In the case of converting agricultural land into built urban areas, industrial, energetic, trans- port or other infrastructures, the agricultural land is considered impaired. In the stated case, repa- ration must be paid. In the case of neglecting agricultural land, it is transferred to the Land fund. The Land fund consists of agricultural land that is not worked on and of agricultural land which the Agency for agricultural land buys or replaces. The Agency then has rights to give the land to par- ties interested for lease, to replace it, sell it (by market price) and/or dispose it for the purpose of com- bining into larger land units. The tool for a more efficient protection, use and disposement of- ag ricultural land is the Information system of Croatia’s agricultural land, developed by the Agency. The Law on Agricultural Land determines agricultural soil in two categories: P1, as espe- cially valuable agricultural soil, and P2, as valuable agricultural soil. In this context, ag- ricultural use is the only use for the listed categories except for the following situations: - When there is no agricultural soil of lower value nearby or when the expenses of dislocation would exceed the non-agricultural investment - When there is determined interest of Republic of Croatia for the construction of certain buildings - For construction of buildings for agriculturals purposes - For the usage of buildings determined by special laws. One-time fee must be paid for the conversion of agricultural soil, whose value depends of the surface and soil category. Exceptions from the reimbursement for the loss of value of agricultural soils are possible in the following cases of investing: - Upon construction of transportation and utility infrastructure - Upon construction of buildings for public purposes in war-afflicted regions - Upon construction of scientific, educational, social and health-care buildings

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia - Upon construction of residential buildings with a surface up to 400m², if it is built inside construction sites, and upon fostered construction of residential buildings - Upon construction of objects in a business zone, if the investor is a local self-government unit - Upon construction of golf fields - When the Republic of Croatia determines special interest.

Territorial Agenda similarities Valuable agricultural areas are seen as one of the most important resources of rural areas. In terms of the Croa- tian legislation mechanisms, these values are recognized and the need for their valorization is legally imple- mented. But besides the stated need of rural and agricultural development, it is the contemporary development and urbanisationprocesses which put a spotlight on this areas in a different manner. Spatial growth of cities, peri-urban spreading, real estate investment and tertiarization contribute to new ways of using this areas, which in many cases is against sustainable use. In this manner the decrease of agricultural surface area is seen as a negative factor in rural development due to the absent technical modernization and production growth which would justify the decrease. In this case the legislation acts does not fully protect agricultural resources. Parallel to the Territorial Agenda EU 2020 concept, it is the above listed processes which give the impression that the po- tential of rural areas and their agricultural worth is not fully capitalised on. Examples are found in several types of rural areas, as defined in the Agenda, especially in rural areas with underused potential, accessible rural areas in metropolitan centre’s surroundings and rural peripheries and agricultural areas as well, where agricultural, social, traditional and other local characteristics are neglected due to growing unsustainable patterns of use.

4. Law on Environmental Protection The Law on Environmental Protection was enacted in 2013 with the primary goal of protect- ing the environment on the principles of sustainable development. The Law defines planning doc- uments, instruments of protection, monitoring and participatory mechanisms, politics of en- vironmental protection as well as the EU regulations regarding protection of the environment. Sustainable development and environment protection are implemented by the main actors: - - Government - Competent ministries and other entities - Counties and the City of Zagreb - Large cities, cities and municipalities - Agency for Environmental Protection - Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund - Associations for environmental protection - Other subjects.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The main planning documents of sustainable development and environmental protection are: - Strategy for Sustainable Development of Republic of Croatia, a tool to initiate long term economic and social development of Croatia, regarding the principles of sustainable growth, main actors, ways of imple- mentations and the existing conditions of the environment - Plan for Environmental Protection of Republic of Croatia, atool to define priority goals of environmen- tal protection in Croatia - Program for Environmental Protection, a tool to elaborate goals and measures of the Plan which are concerning a specific local or regional area. Program is declared by the counties, City of Zagreb and large cit- ies. In certain cases, municipalities and cities may also make the Program - Report on the Condition of the Environment, a tool to monitor the fullfilment of sustainable develop- ment goals set in relevant planning documents, with relevant data on environmental condition, assessments of efficiency and estimates of needed documents and/or changes in existing documents - Strategy for the Management of Sea Environment and Coastal Area - Plan of Interventions in Sudden Sea Contaminations.

The Law prescribes the instruments of environmental protection as following: - Environmental Quality Standards and Technical Standards of Environment Protection, which refer to boundary values of specific elements of the environment and the boundary values of emissions of specific production processes, devices, equipment and facilities - Strategic Influence Assessment of the Strategy, Plan and Programm to the Environment, which estimates the environmental impact of the planning documents of national, regional and local level - Assessment of the Environmental Impact, which refers to the potential influences carried out by the ac- tions implemented by the Law on environmental protection to the elements of environment. The background of the Assessment is the Study on the Environmental Impact - Environmental Permit, which tends to establish an integrative system of pollution prevention and con- trol, especially in cases of industrial facilities and the following environmental degradation - Prevention of Large Accidents which involve Dangerous Supstances - Spatial Plans in the Function of Environment Protection - Cross-border Impact of Strategies, Plans, Programms, Interventions and Facilities on the Environment - Environmental Protection Measures for Interventions with no Obligation of Environmental Impact As- sessment. To administer environment protection and eventual degradations, Information System for Environment Protec- tion is founded. The Information system contains data about environment conditions, degradations and impacts on different elements of the environment. Besides theInformation System, the Register of Environment Pollution is designed as well, with a purpose of gathering data about the sources, quantity, ways and locations of waste disposal.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 5. The Law on Construction The Law on Construction was adoptedby the Croatian Parliamentin December2013 by separation fromthe formerLaw onSpatial Planning and Construction.The Law regulates thedesign, construction, operation and utilization of all buildingson the Croatian territory, except fortheconstruction ofmining facilities specified by a separate law, building militarystructuresof certainspecial regulationsandthe constructionof otherbuild- ingsby a separate law. In ADDITION: The report on the situation of Croatia 2008 to 2012 The reporton the situation of Croatia is a document that the government, the Croatian Parliament, profession- alandthe general publicinforms Republic of Croatia spatial development in the period 2008th to 2012th year. It is based on an analysis and evaluation of basic spatial structures, development trends, protection and use of especially valuable space, as well as analysis and evaluation of implementation of strategic and other spatial planning documents and institutional development. The most important themes are: demographic processes, land use changes as a result of certain interest groups pressures, the need of increasingpublic interestandthe protectionof the common goods, restructuring of economy and harmonizationof variousdepartments. Withinselected topicsandchapters, the Report considers: 1. The contemporary administrative-territorial division of Croatia (20 counties, the City of Zagreb as the regional unit, 137 cities, 429 municipalities and 6755 settlements) 2. The obligation to identify the statistical spatial units asthe part of the EU’ acquis (5 hierarchical levelsof statistical regions: 3 NUTS and 2 LAU regions

NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3 (Counties) Croatia Adriatic Croatia The City of Zagreb Međimurje Varaždin -Zagorje - -Križevci - Osijek-Baranja Požega- - Vukovar-Sirmium - Continental Croatia Lika- Primorje- Split- -Neretva Šibenik

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3. The Classification of local and regional self-government units, according tothe level of develop- ment (by Ministry of Regional Development, Forestry and Water economy): - Group 1. --> the regional self-government units whose value of development index is less than 75% of Croatia (Bjelovar-Bilogora, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Križevci, Lika-Senj, Osijek- Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Sisak-Moslavina, Šibenik- and Virovitica-Podravina County) - Group 2.--> the regional self-government units whose value of development index is between 75 and 100% of Croatia (Krapina-Zagorje, Međimurje, Split-Dalmatia, Varaždin andZadar County) - Group 3. --> the regional self-government units whose value of development index is between 100 and 125% of Croatia (Zagreb and Dubrovnik-Neretva County) - Group 4. -->the regional self-government units whose value of development index is over 125% of Croatia (City of Zagreb, Istria and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County) 4. The central settlement’s network- isan important determinantof qualityspatial planning systemand- development of anycountry which directsand/orcontrols thespatial distributionof the population and economy in allparts of the country. According to the Spatial planning Strategy (1997), Croatia chose apolycentricspatial developmentbasedonthe existing structureandsystemof the village, primarily bystrengtheningmedium ands- maller citiesand 600local centers which have conditions for development, and thus to influence the corre- sponding gravitational fields. It consists of: 1. The (Zagreb) 2. Macro-regionalcenters (Split, , Osijek) 3. Regional centers a. Bigger regional centers b. Smaller regional center 4. Municipal centers 5. Local centers As a special spatial urban structure are determined: -the urban agglomerations- of the cities of Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek. -the urban centers outside agglomerations especially those larger than 50,000 inhabitants (Zadar, Slavonski brod i ) -the urban centers larger than 20, 000 inhabitants (Varaždin, Koprivnica, BjelovarKarlovac, Sisak, Požega, Đakovo, , Vukovar, Šibenik i Dubrovnik) -the urban centers between 15,000 and 20,000 inhabitants (Čakovec, Virovitica) -the urban centers between 10,000 and 15,000 inhabitants (Križevci, , , Nova Gradiška, Slatina, Županja, Poreč, , Knin, , i Metković) -the urban centers less than 10,000 inhabitants

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 6.Classification of rural areas - Defining rural areas bySpatial planning Program (1999):urban areas (12% of the Croatian territory and 63% of population), transitionalmixed areas (27% and 16%) and rural areas (61% and 21%) - Typology of ruralandurbanized areas by A. Lukić (2012),according to the criteriaof the national average- population density andsizeof the centralsettlement: -urban areas (more than 78 people per km2 and central settlement with more than 5 000 inhabitants) -rural areas-->particularly urbanareas (>70% of inhabitants live in urbanregional self-government unit); predominantly urban areas (50-70% of inhabitants live in urbanregional self-government unit); predominantly rural areas (50-70% of inhabitants live in rurallocal self-government unit); predominantly rural areas (>70% of inhabitants live in rurallocal self-government unit). - The types of settlements according to Lukić (2012) -->A-dynamic, structurally stronger settlements (688 settle- ments, 747 054 inhabitants); B-accessible, dependent ont he circulation settlements (638 settlements, 200 609 inhabitants); C-Market oriented agricultural settlements (1,710 settlements, 522 234 inhabitants); D- Economic diversified, predominantly tourist settlements (913 settlements, 267 33inhabitants); E-Extensive agricultural settlements with weak demographic dynamics (1380 settlements, 239 985 inhabitants); F-Rural periphery set- tlements (991 settlements, 58,317inhabitants); G-Other rural settlements (195 settlements, 7,682 inhabitants)

-OECD methodology of urban-rural classification based on EU’ population density of 150 people per km2 (The Strategy of rural development 2008th to 2012th was based on it): -rural areas (<150)--> 89% of Croatian territory and 48% of population (according the 2001 Census) -urban areas (>150)

7. The special national interest areas -defined in order to achievemore balancedregional development by: - Lawon Areas of Specialstate care; Law on Islands; Law on hilly and mountainous areas and areas along the national border and the war-affected areas. 3 groups, according to demographic, economic development and structural difficulties criteria: • Group 1. (the citiesandmunicipalities occupied during the war that are locateddirectlyalong the na- tional border, and city/municipal center isnot awayover 15 kmair distance from the state border, and nomore than5000inhabitants) • Group 2. (the other cities, municipalities and settlements occupied during the war, which are not in the Group 1.) • Group 3. (municipalities and cities which are rated as parts Croatian who behind in development)

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 1.2. BEST PRACTICES AND SWOT ANALYSIS

LAG Lika An example of the contemporary impact of territorial changes and connections in the context of EU on so- cial cohesion and the need of functional integration is associating of local areas in the Local Action Group (LAG). They are based on the contemporary conception of local development within LEADER approach which involves overall development with the participation of the local community. It means that institutions and people from the community are mobilized in order to create, strengthen and stabilize activities, using resources of the area, in the way to achieve a stable economic and social development with the participation of stakeholders from economic, public and civil sector. Gathering of local units in local action groups (LAGs) is part of the Rural Development Programme and it is financially supported by the . Also it presents an example of rural development measures. There are 61 Lags in Croatia, which include 451 units in total. An example of good practice presents LAG Lika which includes the city of Gospić and Senj and municipalities of Brinje, , Gračac, , Plitvičkajezera, and . Lika is one of the economically and demographic least developed region in Croatia, so the LEADER approach of local and rural development enables to improve the economic situation and quality of life of local residents. In order to implement LEADER approach, the LAG’s database of projects has been formed whose realiza- tion will be accomplished the main objectives of sustainable local development. The most important projects related to improving the quality of life of local residents through the implementation of infrastructure, eco- nomic, mainly tourism and agricultural, and educational projects. Infrastructure projects include the renovation of illegal dumpings, improving sewage systems, construction of water supply systems, upgrading of local roads, street landscaping, construction and renovation of build- ings for public use. The economic aspect of local development relates to tourism projects based on regional and local specificities of Lika region, such as eco-village “Štrbci”, the restoration, conservation, presentation of cultural heritage and development of tourism in Donji Lapac, the rafting center “”, the revitalization of the hotel “Ozeblin”, lookout “Štrbački buk”, Museum of bees, protection of geographical indications of honey and lamb formLika, etc. The other economic projects are intended to ecological fruit growing, improvement of animal husbandry, production and processing of Lika’s potato, establishment and processing of plants and drying fruits, vegetables and herbs, buying centers for fruits and vegetables and herbs, milk production, etc. Other project aims to improve the social and institutional aspects of development, through projects of social entrepreneurship development, creating the necessary strategic documents.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Public urban gardens Based on the initiative of several city offices, local administration authorities and different civil associations, a project of public urban gardens was created in 2012 in Zagreb. In the same year the City Office for Stra- tegic Planning and Development of the City made the Study of possible locations for landscaping of pub- lic urban gardens in which urbanistic features of different parts of Zagreb were analyzed. In the beginning of the project, approximately 40 propositions for 40 locations in the city were sent to the city offices, thus asking for urban gardens in the area owned by the City of Zagreb. The model suggests a way of manag- ing and using the gardens in coordination with civil societies which represent the citizens. The project was accepted well, thus expanding the number of locations intended for urban gardening to 420 at the end of 2013. The plan is to further expand the number of parcels, reaching more than 2000, in all parts of Zagreb.

The project of urban gardening has an emphasis on the social character of landscaping of public spaces. In the process of dealing certain parcels of urban gardens several social groups have advantage. A certain propor- tion of parcels are intended for schools and nurseries, civil societies, vulnerable groups and pensioners in a specific area. In this context, urban community gardens present a form of a social policy with a goal of ac- complishing social cohesion by supporting economically disadvantaged and excluded social groups of Zagreb. Senior citizens are especially presented in this project whereas the aspect of socialization and increase of their quality of life is emphasized. Urban gardens contribute to the stated goals as a way to improve local sustain- ability and a healthy environment, to make healthier nutrition possible and more accessible, to provide a place for rest and socialization, to strengthen citizen solidarity by enriching urban areas with green, public spaces.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Low energy settlement Poljana Low energy settlement Poljana is a project of sustainable and energy efficient residential housing in Ivanić Grad, located southeast of Zagreb. The construction of the settlement began in 2009, where the first built object was the info center for energy efficiency. The city owns approximately 50 building plots that are fully equipped with communal, electric and other infrastructure. This plots are offered to parties interested in low energy construc- tion and passive house building (only), by the price of 110 kn (15 euro) per square meter and with a communal fee lowered for 20%. The plots size from 652 to 3 848 square meters. The investors are obliged to build the house within 2 years after the land acquisition and contract signature with City Ivanić-Grad. In this project the City of Ivanić Grad stimulate the construction of low energy houses, thus providing a basis for energy efficient spatial planning.

The project is being implemented in coordination with the company DOMUSplus, Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar and Regional Energy Agency of Northwest Croatia. The project started in 2009 with the construction and building of the low energy house pilot project.

The project continues on previous activities of City Offices of Ivanić Grad in the field of sustainable develop- ment and planning. In the beginning of 2008 Ivanić Grad became a part of the international association of energy cities, afterwards signing several conventions and participating in new projects of promoting energy efficient usage. Parallel to the project of settlement Poljana, City Offices entered the Display Campaign for- pro moting energy efficiency of public buildings. By this campaign 23 buildings of Ivanić Grad owned by the City and another 13 public buildings not owned by the Ctiy, were analyzed and promoted by energetic presenta- tions.

SWOT Analysis

S W The first generation of the strategic plans already Administration used to the traditional land use developed. planning. New regional development law specifiyng greater Planning system oriented to the technical specializa- set of instruments. tions. 0 T The possibility to work with new institutional con- Weak integration between strategic and spatial text. planning. Current public discussion on territorial dimension. Lack of integration on the .instruments level.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 1.3. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION Simple and coordinated institutional framework and tools As already explained in the introduction solutions and recommendations are mainly oriented towards devel- opment of the coherent institutional framework, thus following table presents the matrix of current instru- ments of spatial development. This should be a basis for their coordination, reduction and specification. This table presents schematic overview and should be the first step of public administration towards the better un- derstanding of the Croatian institutional framework and tools available. This was recognized as the only tool towards the greater effectiveness of the administration at all levels.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Instruments of spa- Amenable legislation Description tial development

Urban Regional Develop- Urban areas of Zagreb, Split, Rijeka agglom- ment Law and Osijek Planning erations areas Other Regional Develop- Urban areas of other settlements with urban ment Law a population over 35.000 areas Regional Develop- Aided areas Underdeveloped areas ment Law

Tool to manage agricultural land that Law on Agricultural is not worked on and agricultural land Land Fund Land which the Agency of agricultural land buys or replaces

Tool to clasify the heterogeneousity Regional Develop- Development index and regional differences of spatial ment Law units in Croatia

Development agree- Regional Develop- Tool to coordinate development pri- ment ment Law orities in a specific planning area

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Law on Islands

Law on Renewal and De- velopthe City of Vukovar

Law on Agricul- ture and Regional Develop- Regional Rural ment Strategy of Determines the goals and priorities of Develop- Develop- the Republic of regional development of Croatia ment Law ment Croatia Support

Law on In- vestment Incite- ment and Advance- ment

Law on Inciting Small En- terprises

County develop- ment strategies Determines development goals and Regional Develop- and Development priorities for areas of 20 counties in ment Law strategy of the City Croatia+ Zagreb of Zagreb

Project of construction and/or re- Development proj- Regional Develop- newal of infrastructure with a goal to ect ment Law contribute to regional development

Strategic project of Development project with a status of Regional Develop- regional develop- a strategic investment project de- ment Law ment clared by a specific law

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Determines development goals for Development strate- Regional Develop- newly formed urban agglomerations gies of urban areas ment Law and other urban areas

Program for Incite- ment of Regional Regional Develop- Tool to derive development and com- Competitiveness ment Law petitiveness and Urban Develop- ment Program of Sustain- able Social and Eco- Regional Develop- Tool for the incitement of develop- nomic Development ment Law ment of aided areas of Aided Areas National Program Tool for implementation of agricultur- for Agriculture and Agricultural Law al measures declared by the Agricul- Rural Development tural Law Information System Law on Agricultural Tool for an efficient protection, use of Croatia’s Agricul- Land and disposement of agricultural land tural Land Tool in analyzing the spatial and Regional Develop- Regional operative social trends of 21 counties, offering a ment Strategy of the programs development vision and coordinating Republic of Croatia county goals Strategy for Sus- Tool to initiate long term economic tainable Develop- Law on Environmen- and social development of Croatia, ment of Republic of tal Protection regarding the principles of sustainable Croatia growth Plan for Environ- Law on Environmen- Tool to define priority goals of envi- mental Protection of tal Protection ronmental protection in Croatia Republic of Croatia

Program for Envi- Tool to elaborate goals and measures Law on Environmen- ronmental Protec- of the Plan which are concerning a tal Protection tion specific local or regional area

Report on the Con- Tool to monitor the fullfilment of Law on Environmen- dition of the Envi- sustainable development goals set in tal Protection ronment relevant planning documents Strategy for the Management of Sea Law on Environmen- Tool to manage sea areas in an inte- Environment and tal Protection grative way Coastal Area Plan of Interven- Law on Environmen- Measures for anticipating, preventing tions in Sudden Sea tal Protection and acting on pollutions of sea areas Contaminations

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Environmental In function of determining boundary Quality Standards values of specific elements of the envi- Law on Environmen- and Technical Stan- ronment and the boundary emissions tal Protection dards of Environ- values of specific production process- ment Protection es, devices, equipment and facilities

Strategic influence Estimates the influence of the plan- assessment of the Law on Environmen- ning documents of national, regional strategy, plan and tal Protection and local level to elements of environ- programm to the ment environment Potential influences carried out by the Assessment of the Law on Environmen- actions implemented by the Law on environmental tal Protection environmental protection to the ele- impact ments of environment Tends to establish an integrative Environmental Law on Environmen- system of pollution prevention and permit tal Protection control Prevention of large Measures which tend to eliminate en- accidents which Law on Environmen- vironmental threats of facilities which involve dangerous tal Protection produce dangerous materials supstances Spatial Plans in the Law on Environmen- Implementation of concepts of sus- function of Environ- tal Protection tainability in spatial plans ment Protection Cross-border impact A tool to inform nearby states which of strategies, plans, might be influenced by the imple- programms, inter- Law on Environmen- mentation of planning documents ventions and facili- tal Protection regarding questions of environment ties on the environ- protection ment Environmental Pro- tection Measures Determining an elaborate for inter- for Interventions Law on Environmen- ventions not subject to an environ- with no Obligation tal Protection mental impact assessment of Environmental Impact Assessment Contains data about environment Information System Law on Environmen- conditions, degradations and impacts for Environment tal Protection on different elements of the environ- Protection ment Gathering data about the sources, Register of Environ- Law on Environmen- quantity, ways and locations of waste ment Pollution tal Protection disposal

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 1.4. CONCLUSIONS Urban planning situation The current situation of urban planning in Croatia is significantly altered by the legacy of the transitional period. The complex processes of democratization and modernization of the 1990s, through the „transitional leap“ from socialism to a form of liberal capitalism, led to intensive transformation of spatial and social structures. Newly introduced internalization of economies, globalization, privatization, new forms of production, management and political decision-making affected the planning of urban and rural areas of Croatia (Švob-Đokić, 2000).

Need to change the former system initiated the restructuring of administrative services, institutions and markets and transformed the economic, public and political spheres. Changed relations of power and governance occurred, with a low level of transparency shown in decision-making processes. The emer- gence of new actors involved in social, spatial and economic development became the background of radi- cal changes affecting urban and rural areas of Croatia, with significant side-effects (Švob-Đokić, 2000). Spatial planning slowly transformed into an occupation of few professions with architects and engi- neers as dominant, thus reflecting the decay of interdisciplinary features of comprehensive spatial devel- opment that were a symbol of the previous socialist planning system. The slow transformation of govern- ment structures was also an important element which allowed spontaneous spatial development due to the lacking mechanisms of monitoring, evaluation and spatial functioning in general (Pejnović i Lukić, 2012).

The changing nature of the transition was most directly reflected in the legislative framework. Sev- eral changes of legislative laws and their field of functioning concerning spatial planning were chang- ing since the beginning of the 1990s. Since 1984 the amenable law regarding spatial planning was the Spatial and Physical Planning Law, replaced by the Physical Planning Law in 1994 and then by the Physical Planning and Construction Law in 2007. The final change was made in Decem- ber 2013 when the law of 2007 was divided into the Physical Planning Law and the Construction Law.

In the urban context, post socialist forms of governance introduced the centralization of power and the en- trance of free market. Urban land became an extremely valuable resource of development in the post socialist development stage. It led to a growth of urban entrepreneurship, simultaneously discriminating participatory ways of planning and eventually disregarding planning in a general sense. Radical urban transformations be- gan by the advancement of neoliberal planning mechanisms and the commercialization of local cultures and spaces. Chaotic forms of urban development occurred with consequences visible to this day. The processes of urban revitalization and gentrification transformed the central parts of cities. At the same time, once important industrial parts of cities became neglected, derelict and eventually turned into brownfields. Especially this is evident in major cities of Croatia due to the strong industrial sector of former Yugoslavia. Intensive residential construction occurred, as well as new shopping centres in central parts of city and on the edges of cities. The processes of decentralization contribute to the physical expansion of cities (Stanilov, 2007).

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia In the background of urban transformations were new power relations among the new actor network. The public sphere became marginalized in decision-making processes on account of the growing impor- tance of the newly introduced private sector while the city governance offices were undergoing administra- tive and institutional changes. The quality of urban structures is severely threatened (Stanilov, 2007). The city is no longer planned as a spatial unity, but as an object, while the urban governance is replaced with urban entrepreneurship (Gulin-Zrnić, 2013; according to Harvey, 2006). A break in the spatial rethinking of the city occurred and is replaced with the construction of individual spatial parts. The described plan- ning approach is known as „project“, „dot-like“ planning or „investor“ urbanism (Čaldarović, 2012; Pet- ovar, 2006). The transitional trend of the attenuation of spatial planning is in harmony with the trend of land and real estate investment. The locational investment led to the absence of a developmental effect of investments due to the lacking interdisciplinary actor integration and department coordination (Pegan, 2012). Eventually tensions in social and spatial aspects of urban life became visible (Švob-Đokić, 2000).

The potential of strategic planning in Croatia Strategic planning approaches find their purpose in the described context of contemporary trends of Croa- tia’s spatial planning. Based on changing social, economic and environment structures, strategic planning ap- proaches refer to the resulting urban disparities and the need of their intensive rethinking and integration in existing, in a way discriminatory, institutional relations and structures. Spatial structures are viewed as a social construct in which the physical as well as social objects are emphasized in the same way. Social and spatial relations are simultaneously intertwined at different time and space scales, giving the lead word to real experiences of people, social groups and other actors of local importance (Healey et al, 1997; Healey, 2004). The emphasized contemplation of external factors, available resources and stakeholders of civil, pri- vate and political affiliations offer a potential to the considered case study of Dugopolje (Albrechts, 2004), bringing out and transforming the lacking integration of actors and questionable interdisciplinary op- erations into a valuable asset of institutional rebuilding and bottom-up, participatory way of planning.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Chapter 2: Social Issues

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.1. Current situation 2.1.1. Population distribution and demographic trends According the Census from 2011, The Republic of Croatia has population of 4.284.889 and general popula- tion density of 78,5 people per km2, with significant differences on regional or local levels. The key feature of the Croatian spatial population distribution is imbalance, which can be viewed from macro-regional, regional and local levels. The most populated areas are Međimurje County with population density of 162,2 people per km2, Varaždin County (146,6 people per km2) and the City of Zagreb with urban population density of 1218 people per km2. On the other hand, less populated Croatian areas are LikaSenj County (10 people per km2), Šibenik Knin County (37,7 people/km2), (39,1 people per km2) and SisakMoslavina County (41,7 people perkm2). Such structure of population density is the result of complex and multiple physical- geographical, historical, transportation, economic and the other factors and the contemporary processes such as socio-economic population changes and socio-spatial processes of deruralization and urbanization.

The contemporary demographic indicators and processes show the regional and local polarization of popula- tion distribution, which means the concentration of population in several regions and at the same time disper- sion and depopulation of mostly Croatian territory. The population concentrations regions are: urban areas of macro-regional centers of Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek as the consequence of the attractiveness of cities in terms of employment and concentration of production, educational, administrative, service and other func- tions and Adriatic Coast as a consequence of littoralisation and the tourism. The indicators point to the City of Zagreb population concentration of 17.6% of the total population, which means that almost every fifth Croa- tian inhabitant is living in Zagreb.

On the other hand, the most of the territory, especially the rural periphery and distant, isolated areas, such as areas with specific physical-geographical features (islands, hinterland, areas of higher altitudes, combined with the karst relief characteristics) are depopulation and dispersion regions. Demographic processes and structures in these areas indicate overall and natural depopulation, emigration, elderly population composition, lack of fertile-age and active working population, which all together leads to reduction of demographic liveliness, gen- eral decline of regional attractiveness and economic potential. These regions in Croatia are: Lika, GorskiKotar, , , inner Istria, islands (especially Dalmatian), and Slavonia. For ex- ample the proportion of Lika-Senj County population in total Croatian population is 1.21%, while the surface proportion is about 10%, which indicates disparity and below-average population density. On the local level the indicators show more prominent disparities of population density, distribution and polarization.

Depopulation, which means the total population decrease between two censuses, is the main characteristic of the majority of Croatian territory. It has been started in the period after the WWII, but the most prominent in the period 1991 to 2001 when the total population decreased by 7.2% and has been continued in the next period 2001 to 2011 for 3,5%. The most prominent depopulation is registered in Lika-Senj County, Sisak- Moslavina County, KarlovacCounty, Šibenik-Knin County and , especially in their rural zones. 83.3% of all rural areas have been losing population at the inter-census period 1991 - 2001. The previous researches have shown that natural movement trends of the majority Croatian territory are lead- ing to the population extinction. Total population in the inter-censalperiod 1991 - 2001 has been affected by natural depopulation, as the consequence of decreasing birth rates and an increase of mortality caused by war losses and an elderly population composition.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.1.2. Age and socio-economic structures and changes The population composition by age is one of the most important indicators of potential vitality and is consid- ered by certain age groups in the total population, which determines the aging population type. Croatian popu- lation is characterized by a high degree of aging because the share of age group over 65 is 15.7%, while share of the young in the group 0-14 years is 17.1%. The indicators such as an age index and an age dependency coef- ficient of the young shows regional disparities. The oldest population has Lika-Senj County with the age index of 145,7, Karlovac County (128,8), Šibenik-Knin County (113,1) and Sisak-Moslavina County (109,8), ant the youngest population has Međimurje county (72,0), Vukovar-Sirmium County (76,5), Split-Dalmatia County (77,8) and Zagreb County (79,8). The changes of the population age composition indicate further increasing the share of older and reducing the share of younger population.

The socio-economic structure denotes the composition of the employed population by economic activities. This indicator reflects the level of socio-economic development and it is changing in parallel with the technical and technological progress. The agrarian societies are characterized by high agricultural population share, in the industrial phase dominates population employed in manufacturing and tertiary or post-industrial societies are dominated by the highest proportions of employees in the service sector. The general feature of contem- porary socio-economic population structure is decreasing of primary sector employees and at the same time increases of tertiary sector employees.

According to the 2001 Census in Croatia, in the primary sector, which includes agriculture, forestry and fish- eries, were 12.3% employed. In relation to the data from 1953, the change is about 50% fewer employees in 2001 in the primary sector. The secondary sector includes employment in industry, mining, construction and other manufacturing and processing activities. According to the 2001 Census it has been including 27% of employees, which means less than half in the relation to 1953. The proportion of employment in the tertiary, also the service sector in 2001 has been including 59%, or about a fifth of 1953 years. This means that in fifty years period Croatia passed from the predominantly agricultural country to a medium developed and diversi- fied economy, as the consequence of mostly urban based industrialization, lateralization and de-agrarization during this period.

The spatial properties of socio-economic structure and changes indicate to the contemporary significance of individual sectors and activities by Croatian regions. The share of the primary sector employers is the lowest in the coastal regions, also the most urbanized and dependent on tourism regions, with 3,3% in North Croatian coast and 5,1% in Dalmatia. The highest proportion of employment in the primary sector is in the region of Eastern Croatia (20%), associated with physical-geographic regional predispositions. Also the Central Croatia (14,3%) has the above average employees in the primary sector, because of animal husbandry in Bjelovar- Bilogora area (41,8%) and connection between agricultural and food industry in Koprivnaca-Križevci area (32,9%). The location of industry is less dependent of the physical-geographic features, which is reflecting on its spatial distribution. Compared to the national average macro-regions do not differ much; the highest proportion takes Central Croatia (28,9%) and the lowest South Croatian coast (21,8%). The service sector is the most important in contemporary Croatian socio-economic structure with 59% employees. As expected, its spatial distribution shows that it is the most important in the coastal Croatian areas as the consequence of tourism influence; South Croatian coast with 70,8% and North Croatian coast with 68,1% of employees.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.1.3. Housing policies in Croatia Housing policies in Croatia in the post-Yugoslav period follow the general trends outlined in other post-com- munist countries. Mainly large-scale privatization of the social housing and the lack of state interventions in housing.

In the article from 2005 Hegedüs and Stuyk (2005) suggested that the privatization occurred more for the ideo- logical reasons than to achieve housing objectives. According to Tsenkova and Turner the nations of home- owners were created with the levels of homeownership exceeding 80% (Tsenkova and Turner, 2004). This process was done under the label of ‘give away’ privatization, in which wealth was unequally distributed to the new owners of the previously public housing stock. In other words households living in good quality dwellings have acquired considerable wealth at little cost while others for the same cost own a dwelling in poor repair (Tsenkova, 2007).

In most cases there is a general lack of housing policies at the national level; while the responsibility for pub- lic housing was transferred to local authorities that were not prepared to lead comprehensive housing pro- grammes (Bežovan 2008b). In this context the situation is increasingly difficult to the newly formed house- holds lading to the familiar phenomena of the delayed forming of family. According to Tsenkova there is great house price inflation - the gap between income and entry costs has increased dramatically creating significant affordability constraints for new households. Overall, the housing gap between EU-15 and NMS-10 – in terms of overcrowding, accessibility of housing for newly formed households, security of tenure, and maintenance of housing infrastructure – has increased since 1990 (Norris, 2008).

The general conclusion on the housing reforms in the post-communist countries is that the previous housing shortage has been replaced by a shortage of affordable housing (Tsenkova, 2006). In the most post-communist countries the public housing stock is marginalized and it only targets low-income households and the lack of proper rental alternatives is forcing households to opt for owner-occupation (Cir- man, op cit)

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.2. Best practices and SWOT analysis

S W The historic tradition of sectorial cooperation in the The rupture of this tradition in the transition period development of the integrated territorial policies. and the need to build on the new governance land- scape. 0 T The possibility to work with new forms of the civil Weak position of the non institutional actors in the society organizations in order to develop more ino- governance process and policy design. vative territorial policies and housing initiatives.

Best Practice Example: The Blue Highway The Blue Highway is an example of transport and functional connectivity in order to enable better connectiv- ity and availability of the island area, also to achieve social and territorial cohesion of islands and improving the quality of life of the local population. The idea of Blue Highway has appeared in the 1970s as a project in order to establish, modernize and intensify the appropriate concept of connection between islands and the mainland and among the islands, primarily by the ferry traffic system, through the development of the island’s maritime and land infrastructure (ports, piers and roads). The project has been set as the completion of the construction of transport infrastructure on the islands, which unsystematically started ten years earlier through replacing the classical boats by the ferry transport system as so-called „The program of substitution of unprofitable shipping lines“. By this program, it has been mainly provided the completion of the islands ferry ports and harbors construction as well as the construction and reconstruction of local island roads. The program referred to the 20 inhabited islands and peninsula of Pelješac. Since this program was primarily based on the radial model of connecting the island to the mainland and simultaneously omitted inter-island connection, it was impractical and did not allow each island equi- table transport links, which it is the basic prerequisite for island development. The appropriate concept of island traffic connections should be observed in the overall surroundings of the island, which consists of: the coast (with emphasis on the gravitational center of the island), the surround- ing islands and the opposite coast. In the particular case of Croatian islands, it is consisted of a continuous coastal area about 500 kilometers long and an average of about 25 kilometers wide, which should gradually be converted into appropriate traffic belt. It should be able to accommodate all types of maritime transport (ferry and catamaran) in various line combinations (between coast and islands, from island to island, and on the opposite coast of . That kind of arranged transport system of island connectivity, which is natural continuity of the coast, is called The Blue Highway.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The official idea of The Blue Highway included 42 inhabited islands and reconstruction projects of 40 smaller and 15 major ferry docks, about 500 kilometers of high-speed island roads and 4 bridges in total. The objective of this project is to enable the multi combination of the island connectivity with the mainland and among each other, as continuity of the land traffic system. Also, the whole area of the Croatian islands naturally takes the form of belt, so the goal of The Blue Highway is to enable to it to function as the traffic system, which should in the same time enable better connectivity and availability of the island area.

The analysis of the current situation on the transport connection of the Central and South Dalmatiaislands is shown through the model of islands availability as the topological diagram which is consisted of nodes (islands and mainland gravitational centers) and existing links between them (daily frequency of ferry / fast shipping lines outside the season). Also, it is shown through the matrix of correlation and availability that, through the number of necessary links to get from one island to the other and through a direct connection to the mainland, considers the island connectivity andavailability. The theoreticalavailability ofparticularislands is determined as the total number of links between the island and mainland centers out of the season (the column „∑“ in the matrix) and interconnectivity as the total number of connections needed to reach from one island to the other (lower number in the column “availability” indicates better islands’ availability).

Figure 1. The connection of the Central and South Dalmatian islands

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia - IS Brač Šolta Šipan Coast Korčula - Koločep ITY Drvenik V.

Islands Drvenik M. ∑ AVAILABIL

Coast − 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 − − Brač 1 − 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 24 14 Hvar 1 1 − 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 22 12 Vis 1 2 2 − 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 25 3 Šolta 1 1 2 2 − 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 24 5 Drvenik V. 1 2 2 2 2 − 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 23 3 Drvenik M. 2 3 3 3 3 1 − 3 4 3 3 3 4 33 1-2 Korčula 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 − 1 2 2 2 3 22 18 Lastovo 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 − 3 3 3 4 33 2-3 Mljet 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 − 2 2 3 25 5 Koločep 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 − 1 2 23 4 Lopud 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 − 1 22 4 Šipan 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 1 − 32 7

Table 1. The matrix ofconnectivity andavailabilityof the Central and South Dalmatian islands

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The analysis shows that the topological diagram has a radial form, which means that the majority of the islands are connected to one or two mainland (macro) regional centers, Split and Dubrovnik as the conse- quence of functional gravitation to those centers. Also, it shows that inter connection between island is in- significant, which at the same time reduces among island communication, cooperation and integration. For example, if you want to get from Lastovo to Vis, you have to pass at least 3 links and about 200 kilometers, while those islands are only about 30 kilometers distant. Another example shows that islands Vis and Hvar (which are in the same LAG) are interconnected only by one ferry line per week. In the case of territorial inter islands connectivity as an example of the insular LAGs, inter traffic connections is an important assumption of effective cooperation between individual local governments, also the factor of the island’s revitalization and development. The idea of Blue Highway has been appeared in the 1970s as a project in order to establish, modernize and in- tensify the appropriate concept of connection between islands and the mainland and inter island connection, primarily by the ferry traffic system, through the development of the island’s maritime and land infrastructure (ports, piers and roads). The project has been set as the completion of the construction of transport infrastructure on the islands, which unsystematically started ten years earlier through replacing the classical boats by the ferry transport system as so-called „The program of substitution of unprofitable shipping lines“. By this program, it has been mainly provided the completion of the islands ferry ports and harbors construction as well as the construc- tion and reconstruction of local island roads, generally, the construction of infrastructure for introducing of ferry transportation system. The program referred to the 20 inhabited islands and peninsula of Pelješac. Since this program was primarily based on the radial model of connecting the island to the mainland and simulta- neously omitted inter-island connection, it was impractical and did not allow each island equitable transport links, which it is the basic prerequisite for island development. The appropriate concept of island traffic connection should be observed in the overall surroundings of the island, which consists of: the coast (with emphasis on the gravitational center of the island), the surrounding islands and the opposite coast. In the particular case of Croatian island area, it is consisted of a continuous coastal area about 500 kilometers long and an average of about 25 kilometers wide, which should gradually be converted into appropriate traffic belt. It should be able to accommodate all types of maritime transport (ferries and fast shipping lines) in various line combinations (between coast and islands, from island to is- land, and on the opposite coast of Adriatic sea). That kind of arranged transport system of island connectivity, which is natural extension of the coast, is called The Blue Highway. The official idea of The Blue Highway, as the concept of traffic connection of the island area, included- 42in habited islands and reconstruction projects of 40 smaller and 15 major ferry docks, about 500 kilometers of high-speed island roads and 4 bridges in total. The objective of this project is to enable the multi combination of the island connectivity, as continuity of the land traffic system. Also, the whole area of the Croatian islands naturally takes the form of belt, so the goal of The Blue Highway is to enable to it to function as the traffic system, which should in the same time enable better connectivity and availability of the island area. Unlike the current traffic connection model, which is mainly radial and has low grade of inter island con- nection, the concept of Blue Highway emphasizes longitudinal and along coastal connection, as well as con- nections between the islands using and perceiving ferry as bridges. That means to form a series of islands, of which the first will be connected to the mainland by using an established road and port infrastructure and the reduction the length of existing ferry routes. The realization of the concept of The Blue Highway would provide better connectivity among the islands, the communication, overall integration (spatial, traffic, economic), also and social cohesion of the insular area.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Platform for Social Integration of Roma in Međimurje County The Platform for Social Integration of Roma in Međimurje County is a project developed by UNDP’s office in Croatia and financed by the Open Society Foundation. As a part of UNDP’s Social Inclusion Programme, it intends to bridge the gap between national, regional and local policies regarding Roma issues and to create an integrated approach for sustainable, socially inclusiveway of living. The project was enacted during 2013. Besides UNDP and Open Society Foundation, the project implies other stakeholders as well. All relevant ac- tors of Međimurje County have been activated and involved in the process of evaluation, planning, designing and enacting activities on local level. Representatives of every municipality and town have been invited to actively participate in the project, thus contributing to a sustainable image of a socially inclusive society. The main goals of the project were: - To enhance the role of local and regional institutions in combatting social Roma issues and more ef- fectively use EU funds to tackle these issues; - To build capacities for project idea designs, policy preparations and stakeholder cooperation plat- forms, with an active role of Roma citizens in these efforts; - To improve education results of Roma students; - To provide new possibilities for self-employment of Roma citizens.

Direct output of the project, achieved during the project implementation period, is the construction of a family center in the Roma village of Kuršanec with a series of social activities such as health education pro- grammes, concerts, art exhibitions and other. Another successful output is the Atlas of Roma settlements of Međimurje County. The Atlas was developed as a tool in which social, economic, and spatial data of 12 Roma settlements were mapped out. Designed an an interactive data base, it has a goal of providing actual data on Roma people in planning and implementing measures for better living conditions of Roma in Međimurje. The project served as a stepping stone in further efforts regarding Roma issues. By mapping out social and economic indicators and providing a space for social interaction in the new family center, it dealt with sen- sitive issues of social and spatial segregation in the county of Međimurje. The result is a platform made of relevant stakeholders and financial suggestions, thus providing an example of positive experiences in combat- ting spatial and social exclusion issues of minorities.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Novi Jelkovec As an example of a successful practice in the field of housing policies, organizing services and facilities, re- sponding to different social groups and promoting participation of citizens the case of a new residential area Novi Jelkovec is selected. The example is considered as a cause and consequence of specific urban planning decisions, implemented through the program of socially incited housing (POS).

Socially incited housing To ensure housing needs and to improve the quality of life, socially incited housing project (POS) imple- ments projects across Croatia incited by public funds of the Republic of Croatia. Amenable law, which enacts housing projects, is the Law of Socially Incited Housing. It is realized by the construction of residential units intended for citizens of Croatia. The prerequisite of ensuring the funding resources is accompanied by the securing of land intended for new construction in coordination with local self-government units. Local self- government units investigate housing needs, thus determining the interest and demand for such projects. The planning of new POS projects is done by the Agency of Legal Transactions and Real Estate Brokerage and is in close relation to the amenable spatial plans. If the spatial plan of a specific local self-government unit in the nearby area of POS proposes public spaces or services (such as schools, nurseries, libraries, ambulances…), the local unit is obligated to settle the costs of their construction. The local unit is also obligated to take care of the construction of new communal infrastructure. Priority to buy apartments (in installments) of POS has citizens of Croatia whose housing issue isn’t adequately resolved. The POS project offers housing objects by the price much favorable than those of the market. The residential area of Novi Jelkovec was started as a POS project, later on carried out as a specific model of Zagreb housing. The company Zagreb housing, which is owned by the City of Zagreb, conducted the new residential building. In contrary to previous housing projects, the new generation of housing projects – with a lead example of Novi Jelkovec – engaged in the infrastructural equipping and not just building of new apart- ments. The City disposed with necessary land, making it easy to carry out mass constructional projects and simultaneously constructing the needed infrastructure. This new model replaced the former construction realized in stages. It was this model which emphasized the need to offer affordable residential apartments ac- cessible to every resident of Zagreb. The residential area Novi Jelkovec is frequently described as a new city for 10,000 citizens but often presented in the media in a negative manner due to its peripheral location and previous use. It was being built from 2006 to 2009 in the eastern part of Zagreb. Novi Jelkovec is an interesting example of brownfield redevelopment of a former pig farm. The „new city“ of Novi Jelkovec is located in the most eastern city of Zagreb - Sesvete, with prevalent spatial characteristics of city edges characterized by sparse residential construction, less favorable transport connections and fewer social facilities. It is bordered by Sesvete and the railroad to the north, Zagreb avenue to the south, the street of LjudevitPosavski to the west and the rest of City District Sesvete to the east (East Street). The land on which the housing project is situated covers 33,2 ha. The area consists of 62 buildings, of which 54 are for residential purposes (total of 2713 residential units) and 9 are for accompanying facilities. Therefore 82 residential units and 245 residents per hectare appear. Of 2713 residential units 1265 were in- tended for free sale and 1448 were intended for the purposes of City of Zagreb (800 residential units for social needs, 100 residential units for the recommendation of the Health and Social Care Office and 548 residential units for public rent). Around 200 office spaces exist in Novi Jelkovec.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The former pig farm was one of the largest in Europe, abandoned in 1999. To residents of Zagreb this part of town is known for the nearby industrial zone and for the unbearable smell coming from the pig farm. The con- struction of the new residential area began in a mostly unbuilt area with several cargo areas. This area previ- ously had little or none infrastructure. The water quality was questionable due to unsecure water sources. The sewage system was in bad shape, as well as the electricity, telecommunications and roads, which were damaged by trucks of the nearby industrial zone. It is the former General Urbanistic Plan of Zagreb (GUP) to blame for this infrastructural deficiencies; an economic and industrial zone was planned bordering with the nearby residential zone in Sesvete. By the introduction of the new GUP, the area of the former pig farm became a zone intended for (mainly) residential purposes. A social housing project was introduced (on the principles of POS system) and a tender for spatial and urbanistic study of the new residential area was published. Later on City of Zagreb intervened and emphasized the need to develop additional social and cultural facilities. During 2003 the removal and cleansing of the previous pig farm began. In the following years, the planning documentation was being made. Locational and constructional permits were granted, as well as needed coordination with the GUP. The parallel construction of residential areas, roads, bicycle paths, schools, nurseries, sport halls, public garages, parks and squares began. Novi Jelkovec is planned in 4 separate spatial areas. The first zone is the western part of the project, known as the „megastructure“ due to the recognizable massive building with 900 apartments, which was intentionally created on the typical example of Zagreb’s historical Lower town block buildings, but also criticized due to a „prison-like“ architecture. The second zone serves as a tool to connect with the first zone, using parks and cultural content in direction east to west (the authors call it „fingers“). The third zone is the central part of the project, called „forest-park“, in which public, sport, cultural and residential content are united. It is the green- est part of the area. The forth area is a final spatial element of the new project, a contact zone with nearby areas. These specific urbanistic and architectural approaches define the existing spatial identity of Novi Jelkovec. Through the new planning scheme social facilities were considered as a prerequisite of housing investment. This is also a factor that contributed to a higher level of life quality of the neighboring areas. The planning and construction of new facilities – such as modern water, canalization, electric and telecommunication infra- structure (all apartments have optical/fiber network), new nurseries (the biggest one in Zagreb and the only one nursery in Croatia with a swimming pool), elementary schools and high schools, sport halls and pools, library, ambulance, drugstore, market - introduced services which weren’t accessible to residents of this part of town for many years. In this manner many shops, stores and coffee shops are planned to open – or are opened already - on ground levels of buildings. But it must be noted that much of the planned facilities aren’t finished yet. Some of the objects are under construction, while others are still in the planning phase. Such is the exam- ple of extending the tram line do Sesvete and Novi Jelkovec, which isn’t very likely to happen in the following years. This is also the case for the planned extension of Vukovarska Avenue, as a northern border of the area. The construction of Novi Jelkovec is in a sense a motor of urbanization of the eastern part of town, which was many years neglected due to industrial and transit character of the area. So the housing project was unavoid- ably accompanied by a cultural and social investment plan also, as the mission was to create a new city and determine a long term vision of eastern spatial development of Zagreb.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Green surfaces are represented in Novi Jelkovec in a great share. Park and pedestrian zones make 63% of the total area of Novi Jelkovec residential area. Through this high share of green surfaces of Novi Jelkovec – which is 25 m² per resident – a causal link between comprehensive urban planning and quality of life of Novi Jelkovec is anticipated to realize, in contrary to other residential areas in which this indicators have less value. In addi- tion to favorable indicators of green areas per resident, indicators regarding additional social and infrastruc- tural contents and surfaces show increased shares also, especially in comparison to other residential areas of Zagreb. Public spaces share the same positive characteristics as green spaces. It is the comprehensive approach of the planning of Novi Jelkovec which made possible the linking of buildings and open spaces around them in a whole. The parceling was (partly) avoided so the open spaces of communication were created in a large number of examples. As the new residential area was being built, administrative functions became an important factor to establish social and territorial cohesion. Local Committee Novi Jelkovec was established as a part of the City District Sesvete to provide self-government services to residents of the new area. One of the initiatives that the Local Committee launched – in collaboration with the City District Sesvete - was the proposal to establish a bus line connecting Novi Jelkovec with the Main Railway Station of Zagreb. The idea was presented to the City Council in March of 2014 which accepted it and promised the realization by September of 2014. At this point, 4 bus lines realize the public transport. A web page www.novi-jelkovec.com is also established and serves as an info point for citizens. Information about public tenders, transport changes, infrastructural works and basic data is available on the web page, with regular updates. As it is stated on the web page, the current social and cultural infrastructure of Novi Jelkovec consists of: - Parish (with a plan to build a church) - First aid station - Nursery school En Ten Tini - Elementary school Jelkovec - HighschoolJelkovec - City library Jelkovec - Driving school - Foto studio - Hairdressing salon - Interior decoration salon - Children playroom - Optical studio - IT shop - Dentist - IT service provider - Several coffee shops. Considering contemporary aspects of residential area construction and the marginalization of elements which contribute to quality of life as a product of neoliberal urban planning approaches, many urban parts of Zagreb were threatened by this spatial transformations in a manner of losing their sense of place. As the architects which designed Novi Jelkovec stated, it is hard to develop an identity that every social class would equate with. It must be a long term process of interactions and actions, especially in newly built areas. On the example of Novi Jelkovec, a context of the surrounding area bring certain difficulties – economic and manufacturing fa- cilities prevail in nearby area, thus marking a clear border to Novi Jelkovec.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia A certain threat of ghettoization occurs, due to less favorable transport connections to Sesvete and Zagreb and the social issues regarding the housing project, especially the recently immigrated Roma people. Calling upon negative consequences of transitional urban planning, a number of initiatives occured among citizens and organizations of Zagreb to prevent further spatial degradations. Eventually this paved way to informal activities of different organizations and associations – mostly NGOs - to prevent this kind of dehu- manization of locational planning. In the example of Novi Jelkovec, a voluntary platform ArsPublicae began to act in 2014 in Novi Jelkovec. The stated platform deals with interdisciplinary rethinking of art content in public spaces and their role in urban manifestations, as well as battling the negative perception of Novi Jelkovec presented by the media. With the initiative to „enhance public spaces“ in several neighborhoods of Zagreb, ArsPublicae cooperated with the platform 1PERCENTFORTHECITY which is creditable for establishing new parks, protesting against privatization of public space and planning fitness parks across Zagreb. The lead idea was to improve public spaces with artistic content in newly planned residential areas and/or neighborhoods of Zagreb – such as Novi Jelkovec – due to the lacking of plans for such content. One of the examples of improving public spaces in Novi Jelkovec is the planting of a sequoia named after the American composer John Cage. This initiative is put through as a continuation of naming streets and squares of Novi Jelkovec after composers and musicologists, as well as the fact that one of the oldest sequoias in Europe is located in Zagreb. Other initiatives consists of putting famous quotes on public benches, planning street workout parks and creating urbanological maps, as a way to contribute to the sense of place of Novi Jelkovec. This is also being realized to destigmatize Novi Jelkovec due to negative media representations. For a while Novi Jelkovec was represented as a Pig City, relating to the previous use of the area. To achieve the goal of preventing threats of social and spatial polarization, Novi Jelkovec and other residential areas - must be continuously rethink and invested in. Good practices of urban planning and infrastructural equipping of Novi Jelkovec, stated at the beginning, contribute to the urbanistic and visual qualities of resi- dential areas, but the interventions oriented towards integrating built structures with their users assume high quality of life and distinct urban identity. The interventions of the last few years in Novi Jelkovec are oriented towards achieving this kind of socio-spatial cohesion, thus present an innovative practice in urban planning of residential areas.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.3. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The general solutions described in the first chapter of this documentare the basis for the coherent approach towards social cohesion. However if we focus in detail on the issues of social housing and the housing policies there are several important conclusions: South European and South East European families of housing are oriented towards the home ownership therefore; it is necessary to recognize diverse forms of cooperatives, which can act as a tool in providing the adequate social housing mix. Initiatives of the state incited housing should be developed in the more comprehensive manner, managing the participation process and integrating the complex requalification issues moving beyond the physical refur- bishments of the areas. New set of policies should be initialized from the new design of planning instruments – integrating socio- economic aspects in land use instruments and implementation tools in strategic instruments Integration between information on the socio-economic development and issues with territorial development aspect should be established.

Coordination of different sectors in the implementation should be structured by the relevant acts unlike cur- rent situation in which they depend strongly on the voluntary aspects of the planning process.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 2.4. CONCLUSIONS Croatia is going through very unfavorable demographic processes with aging population. High proportions of the territory are sparsely populated and largeregional disparities are evident. The high population concentra- tion is in theurban areas of macro-regional centers of Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek, whereas the majority of territory consist of rural, distant and isolated areas showing severe signs of depopulation, hindering economic and social developmentthrough aging and dispersed population. This situation has detrimental effects on the overall country performance and economic outputs on a national level and it represents a strong obstacle to the social cohesion. There is a significant lack of consistent policies oriented towards this situation, therefore each national govern- ment introduces new set of policies without long term development strategy targeting these issues. In line with the BUILD SEE project, social cohesion issues were questioned looking at the policies towards housing as one of the welfare state pillars. The negative trends introduced in the post-socialist period (the first phase of so called crony capitalism), today have resulted in the situation characteristic for the most SEE countries – delayed forming of the family, informal construction and lack of more innovative forms of housing. In line with the aforementioned aspects in the first post-socialist period - flawed privatization processes, the lack of state interventions in housing is further deploying population migrations (especially among younger population) to mostly EU countries, further deepening demographic disparities. The current trends reveal an overly evident lack of housing policies that should serve the purpose of tackling the demographic disproportion issues and mitigate current and upcoming damages resulting from these unfa- vorable conditions. Additionally, the current and relatively newly developed phenomena of delayed formation of families is adding a new level of irregularity to population age distribution, which is clearly connected to the shortage of affordable housing in the countries where this problem has replaced the previous one of housing shortage. As stated in the presentation of prioritieswithin the “Report on the implementation of the joint social inclusion memorandum (JIM) of the Republic of Croatia in 2011”, there is a need to “Define the concept of social hous- ing, develop a more appropriate system of housing subventionsand assistance for households with unfavorable housing status; expand the capacities of homeless shelters; accelerate the resolving of housing issues of return- ees by housing programs in particular ofthe former tenancy right holders (FTRH)”. The report clearly stated that the concept has yet to be developed, and mentions fiscal problems as the main reason for postponing adoption of the Social Housing Strategy. It is the opinion of the authors of this report that the lack of a concrete vision and action plan that would stem from a central sectorial document such as the aforementioned Strategy, may pose significant delay in much needed plan for tackling impeding issues within the social housing issues.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Chapter 3: Building Inovation Issuses

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3.1. CURRENT SITUATION 3.1.1. Energy efficiency Energy efficiency is the ratio between the accomplished beneficial effects of the energy consumed to achieve this effect. Also, it is defined as the sum of planned and implemented measures aimed atusing the minimum possible amount of energy so that the comfort level and the rate of production remain preserved. Simply put, energy efficiency isusing smaller amount of energy for the same work(heating orcooling, lighting, producinga variety of products, drivevehicles, etc.). By the term,energy efficiency means the efficient use of energy in all sectors of final consumption of energy: industry, trade, services,agriculture etc. In order to of achieve energy efficiency in construction, the energy certification and obtaining the energy certificates become an obligation for new buildings and buildings of public sector. The energy certificate is an instrument that serves the promotion of energy efficiency and information on how much energy the building is consuming and how it should consuming, based on its purposes and potential measures to improve the energy balance of the building. The energy certificate is a document that expresses the energetic properties of build- ings, and its main purpose is to provide building owners and users information of its energetic properties. The certificates are introduced in order to reduce unnecessary wastage of huge amounts of increasingly expensive energy in buildings. The sector of buildings is particularly important as a consumer of energy, because the total energy consumption accounts for about 40%, with the prevailing trend of continuous increase in consumption, but also large potential of saving energy for heating, water heating, air conditioning and lighting. Energy certification for existing buildings shall contain a proposal economically viable measure to improve the energy performance of buildings based on previously conducted an energy audit of the building. For new buildings it shall contain the recommendations for the use of the building regarding on fulfillment of the es- sential requirements of energy saving and thermal protection, also fulfillment of the energy performance of buildings. The energy efficiency and related process of energy certification are the responsibility of the Ministry of Physi- cal Planning and Construction and are regulated by the following regulations:

3.1.2 Laws: Law on energy efficiency in final consumption (NN 152/08., 55/12., 101/13., 14/14.) – The Law regulates the field of efficient use of energy in final energy consumption, the adoption of plans and programs to improve energy efficiency and their implementation, energy efficiency measures, and in particular the activity of energy services and energy audits, public sector liabilities, energy entity and large consumers and consumer rights in implementation of energy efficiency measures. The purpose of this Act is achieving the goals of sustainable energy development: reducing the negative environmental impact of the energy sector, improving the security of energy supply, meeting the needs of energy consumers and the international obligations of the Republic of Croatian territory in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the sectors of final energy consumption. Also, the Law regulates main programs and plans for energy efficiency at national and county level (The National Programme of energy efficiency, which, in ac- cordance with the Strategy of energy development, establishes policies to improve energy efficiency and The National Action Plan, which in accordance with the National Programme establishes the implementation of policies to improve energy efficiency)

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Law on construction (NN 153/13.) – By this Law, in the legal system of Croatia is included the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010. on energy efficiency of buildings. Regulations: - Regulation of contracting and implementation of energy services in the public sector (NN 69/12.) Ordinances: - Ordinance on building energy audits and energy certification of buildings (NN 81/12. , 29/13. , 78/13 ) - Ordinance on the conditions and criteria for persons who perform energy audits of buildings and en- ergy certification of buildings (NN 81/12. , 64/13.) - Ordinance on the control building energy certificates and reports on energy audits of buildings (NN 81/12. , 79/13.) - Ordinance on the conditions and criteria for determining the quality of services and works for the cer- tification of installers of renewable energy - photovoltaic systems (NN 79/ 13., 85/13.) - Ordinance on the conditions and manner of issuing certificates to Croatian citizens and legal persons to exercise the right to provide services of regulating professions of energy certification and energy audit of buildings in the contracting states of the Treaty on the European Economic Area (NN 47/14) - Ordinance on energy audits and energy certification of buildings - apply from 9 June 2014th (NN 48/14) Technical requirements: - Technical directive on energy and thermal protection in buildings (NN 110/08., 89/09., 79/13., 90/13.) Other acts: The methodology for energy audits of buildings DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25th October 2012 on energy efficiency. Additional documentation : • The first National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency of Croatian period 2008th to 2010th • Second National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency of Croatian for the period until the end of the 2013 • National Plan to increase the number of buildings almost zero energy consumption Programs • The energy renovation of residential buildings in the area for the period from 2013 to 2020 • The energy renovation of buildings of the public sector for a period of 2014-2015 • The energy renovation of buildings of commercial non-residential buildings for a period of 2014-2020

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund– Call for proposals for using funds for financing Energy efficiency in buildings in 2014 One of the important aspects of taking steps towards implementing energy efficiency policies on a national and local level was development and implementation of the call for proposal in order to co-finance projects for renovation and retrofit of The object of this call for proposalswas the allocation of resources of the Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund for co-financing projects to increase energy efficiency in residential buildings (private houses and apartment buildings) and nonresidential buildings. Allocation of funds in order to co-fund projects to increase energy efficiency in buildings tourism sector and other commercial buildings, public buildings, or buildings commercial sectors which provide services to a large number of people, according Article 4 of the Ordinance on energy audits of buildings and energy certifi- cation of buildings (,, Official Gazette “, No. 81/12) is not the subject of this Tender The right to participate in the tender was given to local and regional governments, public institutions, com- panies and on the resources of the Fund in accordance with this contest can achieve local and territorial (re- gional) self-government, public institutions, companies, small businesses and other legal entities The eligible expenditure included the following construction and retrofit projects: • Replacement of existing and installation of new energy efficient exterior woodwork • Increaseing heating protection of the outer shell • Building or buying a low energy (engineered heat consumption below 40 kW/m2/year) and passive residential and non-residential buildings (designed heat consumption below 15 kW/m2/year) for own use; • Increasing the energy efficiency of the system: o Heating (installation of condensing boilers, boilers using wood chips and pellets, pyrolysis boilers on wood, heat pumps of energy class A according to Eurovent Energy Efficiency Classification o Cooling (by installing a heat pump energy class A according to Eurovent Energy Efficiency Classifica- tion o Ventilation (by installing a device to return the waste air heat recuperator); • Increasing energy efficiency of the internal lighting (minimum 20%). (It is necessary to comply with all the recommended normalized values with respect to intensity and indicator light for the desired purpose, such as schools, hospitals, kindergartens, etc.) • Building central structure management (Intelligent Control) A significant aspect of this call was the delegation of selection of projects in family housing projects by local au- thorities obliging themselves to invest their own resources in the implementation of projects to increase energy efficiency in houses that are awarded resources of the Fund in the amount of at least 10% of eligible investment cost, with the selection based on the basis of public tenders. The financial structure of co-financing follows a standard allocation and percentages of co-financing depend- ing on the classification of municipalities and counties within the development index. Local (regional) self-government (except for projects increasing energy efficiency in houses) and public institu- tions are obliging to provide the financial aid in the following capacities: • Up to 80% fully financed investments if they are in areas of Special State Concern, • Up to 60% fully financed investment if you are on the islands and in mountainous areas, and if their financial capabilities limited (per capita income less than 65% of the average RH) • Up to 40% fully financed investments in other areas. For projects of increaseing energy efficiency in houses, local and territorial (regional) governments can raise funds through financial assistance amounting to 40% of eligible investment costs. Assets of the Fund for individual projects to increase energy efficiency in the family home can be up to 40% compared to the eligible costs of the investment, but not more than HRK 30,000.00 (including VAT).

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3.1.3. Significant Projects within the field: Energy Efficiency in Croatia (http://www.enu.fzoeu.hr/financiranje-ee-projekata) Project Promoting Energy Efficiency (EE project) was launched in July 2005, as a joint project of the then Min- istry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) with financial support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). During the implementation of EE project financing activities joined the Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fund). Today, the project is successfully implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP Croa- tia), the Ministry of Economy (MoE) and the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning (MoCPP) with support from the Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Fund) and the Global En- vironment Facility (GEF), as part of joint actions to encourage energy efficiency in Croatia. The primary objective of the project is to encourage the use of cost-effective, energy efficient (EE) technolo- gies, materials and services, both in the public sector and in households, and all in order to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and the emission of harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The backbone of the intervention project is to build capacity to implement the systematic and continuous energy management in all public sector buildings in Croatia. Through the activities of EE projects, work was done in development of human, organizational and procedural resources needed for energy management, their education and supplying the necessary tools for a systematic approach to energy management. This approach has been recognized as one of the most ambitious in Europe, since it is a very complex, time consuming and technically and financially demanding enterprise, which includes long-term training and technical support as well as organizing and coordinating the activities of the various aspects of doing business in more than 100 units of public administration (city, county, national) in Croatia. It is this approach, focus was on the training of local experts, not only in the public sector, but also in the sector of technical experts, building managers, non-governmental organizations and other local stakeholders - ensuring long-term sustainable capacity and sustainable system of energy management.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Project CROSKILLS – BuildUpSkills - training of construction workers in energy efficiency; BUILD UP Skills is a new strategic initiative under the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme (Calls for proposals 2011-2013) to boost continuing or further education and training of craftsmen and other on-site construction workers and systems installers in the building sector. The final aim is to increase the number of qualified workers across Europe to deliver renovations offering a high energy performance as well as new, nearly zero-energy buildings. The initiative addresses skills in relation to energy efficiency and renewables in all types of buildings. In Croatia, the main goal is to define and quantify the needs and possibilities of the Croatian building sectors in contributing to the achievement of ambitious national energy efficiency (EE) targets. Creation of the workforce with sufficient knowledge or specialisation in the construction of nearly zero-energy buildings is considered essential; legislative and policy measures need to be developed in turn to trigger the market evaluation of the qualified workforce. In order to contribute to achieving the ambitious national EE targets, project CROSKILLS intends to: • Analyse the national status quo; • Develop a national roadmap for establishing a system of lifelong training of building workers in the field of energy efficiency; • Provide for the endorsement of the national roadmap and thus as well provide for a system of market evaluation of qualified workforce; Expected results are practical knowledge of specialized on-site workers facilitates an increased deployment of energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy sources (RES) into the construction sector daily practices. Authorities, professionals and investors enforce the con- trol of the quality of a nearly zero-energy building construction process. Knowledge guarantees a high quality work performance

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3.1.4 EU programs and funds related to energy efficiency Financial support for programs and projects of energy efficiency is enabled through several EU programs and instruments to support the implementation of EU policies in the area of energy efficiency and initiating the associated investment. There are institutions and companies of Croatian several programs available for EU support programs and energy efficiency projects:

IEE- The Intelligent Energy - Europe IEE programs help create favorable market conditions and the formulation and implementation of develop- ment policies, preparing the ground for investment, capacity building and skills, and informing.It focuses on the removal of non-technological barriers to implementing energy efficiency policies and renewable energy. IEE also includes projects on financing energy efficiency in public buildings. ELENA- European Local Energy Assistance This is a financial instrument in terms of donations or grants to local and regional public authorities in the development, structuring and launching an investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy.The imple- mentation allows for four IFIs (International Financial Institutions - IFIs), namely: the European Investment Bank (European Investment Bank - EIB), the Government Development Bank in Frankfurt (Kreditanstaltfür- Wiederaufbau - KfW), Development Bank of the (Council of Europe Development Bank - CEB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - EBRD). ELENA instrument to finance investment and private and public sources and makes it easier to connect with other financial instruments (such as Jessica). ELENA provides up to 90% of the cost of technical assistance for feasibility / market studies, energy audits and preparation of tender documents. MLEI PDA - Mobilizing Local Energy Investments It focuses on smaller projects. Supports the development of independent or joint projects for local and regional public authorities that collaborate with financial institutions and fund managers to mobilize funds for invest- ments in sustainable energy projects. Projects allow three main objectives: the promotion of energy efficiency and encourage the rational use of energy resources; increasing the use of new and renewable energy, and pro- moting energy diversification; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy in the transport sector. This financial instrument actually complements financial instrument ELENA EEEF - European Energy Efficiency Fund Financial Instrument for local, regional and (if justified) national public authorities or public or private entities acting on their behalf. EEEF financed investments and projects in the field of energy efficiency (70%), renew- able energy (20%) and clean urban transport (10%) through innovative instruments. Grant in terms of tech- nical support is available for service development projects (technical, financial) associated with investments financed by the Fund. For the financing of projects for the development of European regions, in particular for small and medium- sized enterprises, in addition to these main instruments of cohesion policy of the European Union (Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund) The European Union has introduced the so-called JASPERS initiative, JASMINE, JEREMIE and JESSICA, which are together called J-initiatives. They direct the maximum structural funding to improve access to finance for European SMEs.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia JASPERS - Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions This is a financial instrument whose aim is to support projects in European regions. Implemented by the -Eu ropean Commission in cooperation with the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Recon- struction and Development. The aim of the initiative is to provide technical / consulting assistance to Member States in the preparation of large infrastructure projects financed by the Cohesion Fund. Services are free and designed to expedite the implementation of the funds available. JEREMIE - Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises This is a financial instrument that allows EU member states that portion of the structural funds directed to support small and medium-sized enterprises, in the form of loans, guaranties, the initial capital investment and ownership stake. JEREMIE financial instruments are carried out through financial intermediaries, ie banks in the EU. JESSICA - Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas The initiative by the European Commission in collaboration with the European Investment Bank and the De- velopment Bank of the Council of Europe in order to promote sustainable development, growth and employ- ment in urban areas of Europe. JASMINE - Joint Action to Support Microfinance Institutions in Europe JASMINE complements the JEREMIE initiative and allows the Member States and regions that part of the structural funding focus in financial products intended exclusively for micro-entrepreneurs. It is important to note that Member State itself chooses whether and which of the J-use initiatives. The European Commission in July 2012. Opened a new program designed to sustainable development of cit- ies called Smart Cities and Communities European Innovation Partnership. The goal of the program is the integration of resources to support the energy, transport and information and communication technologies in urban areas.

3.2 BEST PRACTICES AND SWOT ANALYSIS Low energy house in Čazma A project of a low energy, passive house located in the settlement of Čazma, in the eastern periphery of Za- greb, is an example of a private, ecologically favorable venture. The planned house, designed by the company YTONG in coordination with a professor of architecture, is imagined as an object with low energy consump- tion, significantly lower costs of renovation and usage and realized with specific building material.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia To prevent loss of heat, thermo blocks of 30 cm thickness and an additional facade thermoisolation of 15 cm thickness have been installed. The same technique has been used in building the rooftop and the floors of the house, thus realizing a low energy shell of the house. Other house equipment, such as blinds and windows, are also designed in a manner to follow low energy standards. The construction of the house lasted for 6 months, making the future residents ready to move in in a short time. By the ways of energy use the project is also a passive house, especially regarding the heat system and the ventilation system. As a result, monthly costs can be lowered to 200 kn approximately (25 euro). This way of building presents a positive practice of higher housing standard, with significantly lower costs, bet- ter microclimate conditions and with low, sustainable energy consumption.

Solar Mapping of Trnsko The project of „Solar mapping“ is being realized in Trnsko, a neighborhood of Novi Zagreb. It is being imple- mented by the Society for designing sustainable development (DOOR), Platform 9,81 and the association Living in Trnsko with a goal to bring to consciousness the residents of Trnsko, as well as residents of other city districts of Zagreb, about the advantages and possibilities of solar energy usage. Trnsko is one of the first built districts of Novi Zagreb, constructed in the 1960s, on a basis of an orthogonal matrix of residential quarters inside of a designed park and public space. Most of the buildings have flat roofs with little opacity, thus making them ideal for installing solar pans and powerhouses. In this manner, an interactive web tool was made where all public and residential buildings of Trnsko are mapped. Data on technical details of solar powerhouses is listed, as well as potential electricity production, investment size, financial costs, period of payment and other. Solar powerhouses are also introduced as a way to contribute to financial incomes of residential areas and to improve the energy efficiency of these areas.

The advantages of using solar energy in city areas is the production of clean electric en- ergy on a preferential price, but the project emphasizes the contribution to urban plan- ning as well. By setting up solar panels and powerhouses on rooftops, land conversion of green, public and/or unbuiltareas, in- tended for other electricity installations, is avoided.

By activating local associations (such as Living in Trnsko) and professional organizations (DOOR), the proj- ect wishes to spread out the concept of sustainable and efficient energy usage to residents, as well as stakehold- ers. The project consisted of several phases. The first phase (2012) was the designing of the web tool where residents and other interested parties can find out data on solar energy efficiency. The following phases (2013, 2014) were designed as a series of presentations and public tenders for energy analysis. The goal of this project was to propose a sustainable way of planning energy consumption in coordination with land use planning, as well as promoting the social aspects of alternative energy sources.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia SWOT Analysis

S W The sett of policies developed and partly implement- The lack of awarness of common benefits when ap- ed in the previous programming periods. plying energy efficiency principles.

0 T The possibility for public sector to develop cross- Lack of commitment on the national government sectorial cooperation with emerging sett of actors in level and strong centralization of policies. civil and private sector.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia To prevent loss of heat, thermo blocks of 30 cm thickness and an additional facade thermoisolation of 15 cm thickness have been installed. The same technique has been used in building the rooftop and the floors of the house, thus realizing a low energy shell of the house. Other house equipment, such as blinds and windows, are also designed in a manner to follow low energy standards. The construction of the house lasted for 6 months, making the future residents ready to move in in a short time. By the ways of energy use the project is also a passive house, especially regarding the heat system and the ventilation system. As a result, monthly costs can be lowered to 200 kn approximately (25 euro). This way of building presents a positive practice of higher housing standard, with significantly lower costs, bet- ter microclimate conditions and with low, sustainable energy consumption.

Solar Mapping of Trnsko The project of „Solar mapping“ is being realized in Trnsko, a neighborhood of Novi Zagreb. It is being imple- mented by the Society for designing sustainable development (DOOR), Platform 9,81 and the association Living in Trnsko with a goal to bring to consciousness the residents of Trnsko, as well as residents of other city districts of Zagreb, about the advantages and possibilities of solar energy usage. Trnsko is one of the first built districts of Novi Zagreb, constructed in the 1960s, on a basis of an orthogonal matrix of residential quarters inside of a designed park and public space. Most of the buildings have flat roofs with little opacity, thus making them ideal for installing solar pans and powerhouses. In this manner, an interactive web tool was made where all public and residential buildings of Trnsko are mapped. Data on technical details of solar powerhouses is listed, as well as potential electricity production, investment size, financial costs, period of payment and other. Solar powerhouses are also introduced as a way to contribute to financial incomes of residential areas and to improve the energy efficiency of these areas.

Family House in Zagreb, Luka Kincel

- built on a steep and narrow parcel (11 meters wide and aprox 40 meters long ) which used to be a vineyard

- due to the configuration of the parcel, to ensure structural stability of the house, 28 underground pilots (piloti u zemlji) 10 meters deep were drilled to secure foundation

- inside the underground pilots, altogether 600 meters of pipes are inserted connected to the heat pump - for exploitation of geothermal energy from the soil (heat during the winter and cold during the summer)

- house consists of four levels – basement partially underground, with exit to the garden (photo )

- 130 m2 of inside space and 50 m2 of open terrace space (roof terrace)

- in- floor heating in the entire house

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3.3. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• Coordination of the urban planning instruments and energy efficiency principles in urban planning on tha national level through acts on Physical Planning Law. • Develop programs and plans for efficient energy use and Sustainable Energy Act ion Plans with public participation. • Increase use of EU funds and Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund of the Republic of Croatia. • Increase the visibility of local EE Info Centers and local energy consultants among the citizens and to foster systematic education and networking of local energy consultants in Croatia. • Enable incentives for NGOs and civil initiatives for implementation of awareness raising and educa- tional campaigns for citizens on energy saving and energy efficiency measures. • Organize local activities and joint presentations of the investors in EE and renewable energy sources, with the goal of decreasing the price of investment and improving the quality of service. • Encourage investments in energy efficient technologies • Creation of the financial tools based on the public-private partnerships. • Developing the connections between R&D companies, developers, experts in the public sector led pro- cess. • To apply requirements for sustainable design and construction and promote high quality architecture and building technologies

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia 3.4. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the performed desk research and analysis of the current framework, it can be concluded that the Croatian legislation governing energy efficiency and construction and building innovation is relatively under- developed and requires a more detailed and integrated approach in its design and implementation. There have been improvements in the legislation through negotiation procedures in the process of joining EU and comply- ing toacquiscommunautaire, but there is a significant space for improvement and additional progress within energy efficiency, as well as an identified additional focus on innovation capacity development.

One of the major concerns is the completely missing link between energy efficiency and urban planning - two categories that have to be closely interrelatedto achieve the highest quality of results, and to embed the two sec- tors to produce a long lasting impact on society and further sustainable development.

It is the opinion of the authors thatthe attempts of Energy Efficiency Certification are artificial processes with- out real impact on the overall process of improving the state of awareness among general population in terms of benefits of energy efficient construction. EE Certification appears to be serving short-term monetary inter- ests within a small niche market of professionals licensed to perform the certification itself, supported by the newly developed and implemented legislative basis determining minimum requirements necessary that an object needs to satisfy in order to enter the real-estate market.

Within the context of innovation in construction and usage of the renewable energy and energy efficiency in general population, there is an obvious lack of quality support for the citizen participation which depends entirely on the willingness, preparedness and professional capacity of their local government to oblige to co- finance the project. The experience thus far shows the inherent lack of the local authorities to show any sig- nificant interest and ability to extend their participation in these projects, often stating the reason of financial issues to be the core obstacle causing lagging with further improvements.

There has been some level of improvement within the sector; however, a significant impact is yet to be mea- sured. Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fundbesides financial (grants, loans, subsidies and donations for the energy efficiency of private and public organizations) also provides institutional support for the implementation of energy efficiency policies and acts as the National Agency for Energy.As far as financial incentives, there are only guaranteed tariffs and some mechanisms of financial support for energy producers. Also, financial institutions (The Fund, CBRD, HEP ESCO) offer convenient mechanisms (grants, soft loans, subsidized interest rates, guarantees) for energy efficiency projects, yet the ability of general public to absorb this assistance remains low.

The market for the provision of energy services and measures to improve energy efficiency at national and local level can be assessed as relatively weak, although some improvements are visible (only one company for providing energy services in Croatia). However, an increasing number of consulting firms that perform energy audits and offer energy-efficient products and the implementation of measures to improve energy efficiency.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia APPENDIX 1 Level Actors Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds; Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure; Ministry of Finances; Ministry of Economy; Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts; Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Development; Ministry of Environ- mental and Nature Protection; Ministry of Physical Planning and Construction; Ministry of Culture The Council for Regional Development State/central Agency for Regional Development of the level Republic of Croatia Agency for Agricultural Land Agency for Environmental Protection Agency for Payment in Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Development Environmental Protection and Energy Effi- ciency Fund National Assembly for Agriculture and Rural Areas Croatian Parliament Self-government administrations of counties and City of Zagreb Partner Assembly for County Areas County level Partner Assembly for Urban Areas Regional development agency Other associations, organizations and sub- jects Self-government administrations of large cit- ies, cities and municipalities Municipality Local development agency level Other associations, organizations and sub- jects Planning areas Partner Assembly for Planning Areas level

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia APPENDIX 2 Table 1.The measuresandsub-measuresof theRural development programrelating to theidentifiednon-agri- cultural rural areas needs DESCRIPTION OF MEASURE/ NEEDS MEASURE SUB-MESURE SUB-MEASURE M07.1. The preparation The funds in this sub-measure are and updating of plans for intended for preparation and up- the development of munici- dating local development plans of palities and settlements in settlements to the 5000 residents. rural areas

The funds in this sub-measure are intended for the construction and/ M07.2. Investing in the con- or reconstruction oflocal roads struction, enhancement and bridges, water supply systems, or expansion of all small sewage and wastewater treatment COMMUNAL AND M07 Basic services and infrastructure types of settlements to the 5000 resi- TRAFFIC INFRASTRUC- village renewal in rural dents. TURE areas

The funds in this sub-measure are intended for: investing in tourist M07.5. Investing for public info centers, marking tourist sites, use in recreational infra- the establishment of electronic structure, tourism infor- booking systems for travel services, mation and little tourist investing in thematicpathsandtrails infrastructure of settlements to the 5000 resi- dents.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia DESCRIPTION OF MEASURE/ NEEDS MEASURE SUB-MESURE SUB-MEASURE

The grant is aimed to encouraging young people (belove 40 yars), es- pecially more educated. This shall M06 The development M06.1. Support for young contribute to generational renewal of agricultural holdings farmers of the farms, which is a prerequi- and businesses site for increasing productivity in agriculture and rapid economic development.

The funds in this sub-measure are intended for: -investment in facilities for pre- school(nursery) education, homes for the elderly and for people with SOCIAL INFRASTRUC- special needs TURE AND LOCAL - facilities for culture, sport, leisure DEVELOPMENT as well as community centers, M07.4. Investing in the es- firehouses, museums, tourist and tablishment, enhancement cultural centers M07 Basic services and or expansion of local basic village renewal in rural services for the rural popu- -playgrounds, sports fieldsandac- areas lation, including leisure companying facilities, bike paths, and cultural activities and picnic grounds, recreationalar- associated infrastructure easandbeaches

-investment in public areas(public green areas, footpaths, opendrain- age canals,squares, parks, pedes- trian zones, markets, stopfor public transport, sidewalks, parking lots)

- reconstruction and/or conversion of existing facilities of public build- ings of settlements to the 5000 residents.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The preparationsandimplemen- tation LAGs’Local development strategies, including capacity building of members andvolun- teers, connectivity, training of M19.1. Preparatoryassis- M19 LEADER local stakeholders, preparation of tance studies forLAGs. (LAGsarecontinu- ousgeographic areaswith10,000 to 150,000residents, notincludin- gindividualsettlementswithmore than25,000residents).

Financing the projects fromLAG- M19.2. The implementation sharmonizedwith Local develop- of the CLLD strategyopera- ment strategies and Rural develop- tions ment program.

Includes technical prepara- tionof territorial(within Croatian) M19.3. Preparation and andtransnational(between several implementation of coopera- member statesorthird countries) tive activities of the LAGs cooperation projects, indicated in Local development strategy.

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia The objective ofthis sub-measureis to create an alternative to under- utilized work for ceforemploymen- tinthe economy in non-agricultural M06.2. Support forinvest- activities and services. The invest- mentinstartupof non-agri- ment relates to: tourismin rural culturalactivitieson family areas, direct sales of products, farms the investment in trades related to agriculture, forestry, tradition, making souvenirs and processingof the products.

DIVERSIFICATION OF M06 The development THE RURAL ECONO- of agricultural holdings MY and businesses The contribution to the advance- ment of economic activity in rural areas, maintaining and creating new jobs and increasing income- businesses.The goal of diversifi- cationis to providean economic M06.4. Investmentsto de- activity that will attract people to velopment of non-agricul- live and work in rural areas. The tural activities in rural areas investment relates to: investing in tourism in rural areas, processing and marketing of products, invest- ing to traditional crafts, souvenirs, investing in renewable energy, the provision of servicestorural areas, agriculture and forestry.

Source: Rural development program 2014 to 2020

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia Bibliography:

Čaldarović, O., 2012: Urbano planiranje nekad i sad – tranzicijsko društvo i njegov urbanizam, u: Akteri društvenih promjena u prostoru: transformacija prostora i kvaliteteživota u Hrvatskoj(ur. Svirčić-Gotovac, A., Zlatar, J.), 16.prosinca, 2011., Institut za društvena istraživanja u Zagrebu, 29-39. Gulin-Zrnić, V., 2013: Nema alternative (?): urbane promjene u Zagrebu na prijelazu stoljeća, u: Hrvatska sva- kodnevnica – etnografije vremena i prostora (ur: Čapo, J., Gulin-Zrnić, V.), Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 31-65. Pegan, S., 2012: Planiranje promjena u prostoru, u: Akteri društvenih promjena u prostoru; transformacijapro- stora i kvalitete života u Hrvatskoj(ur. SvirčićGotovac, A., Zlatar, J.), 16.prosinca 2011., Institut za društvena istraživanja u Zagrebu, 131-140. Pejnović, D., Lukić, A., 2012: Uloga geografije u obrazovanju prostornih planera: primjer Hrvatske, izlaganje s 3. Kongresa geografa Bosne i Hercegovine u Tuzli Petovar, K., 2006: Izlaganje na Okruglom stolu: „Mreža naselja u umreženom društvu: društvene i prostorne- promjene u nekim tranzicijskim zemljama“, Sociologijasela44, 171 (1), 76-80. Stanilov, K., 2007: The Post-Socialist city: Urban Form and Space Transformations in Central and Eastern Eu- rope after Socialism, (ur: Stanilov, K.), Springer, Dordrecht Švob-Đokić, N., 2000: Tranzicija i nove europske države, Barbat, Zagreb Mlinar, I., Šmit, K., 2008: Urbanistički pokazatelji zagrebačkih stambenih naselja Zapruđe i Sopnica-Jelkovec, Prostor1 (35), 116-125. Medven, Ž., von Knorre, C., 2009: Energetski prihvatljivo urbanističko planiranje,REC Hrvatska, Zagreb Ministry of Social Policy and Youth, 2012, DraftReport on the implementation of the joint social inclusion memorandum (JIM) of the Republic of Croatia in 2011 Nadilo, B., 2009: Stambenonaselje, Sopnica-Jelkovec u Zagrebu, Građevinar61, 663-673. http://www.novi-jelkovec.com/ arspublicae.tumblr.com

Fotografije socijalno stanovanje: http://www.novi-jelkovec.com/index.php?option=com_phocagallery&view=categories&Itemid=132 http://www.casopis-gradjevinar.hr/~hsgiorg1/gradjevinar/assets/Uploads/JCE-61-2009-07-05.pdf http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/69391669598/10-kolovoza-2014 http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/80974537740/na-kraju-grada-novi-jelkovec-kroz-objektiv-katarine http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/81197117300/novi-jelkovec-sredisnji-trg-dvoriste http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/81189008748/arhitektura-novog-kvarta http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/83186929102/detalj-u-novom-jelkovcu-4 http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/82890367545/detalj-u-novom-jelkovcu-3 http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/82782507934/detalj-u-novom-jelkovcu-2 http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/82572701342/javne-zgrade-novog-jelkovca http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/82495737862/detalj-u-novom-jelkovcu-1 http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/82490445728/kulturni-centar-novi-jelkovec http://arspublicae.tumblr.com/post/81825677466/novi-jelkovec http://www.digitalnigrad.hr/default.aspx?id=146

May, 2014, Municipality of Dugopolje, IPA PP1 - Croatia