2008

®

GSA Division Awards

Presented at the

of the 120th Annual Meeting Geological Society of America S

4 October 2008 Houston, Texas 2008 Medals & Awards

Rip Rapp this topic, beginning in the early 1980s with and methods of geoarchaeology in books several papers that focused on archaeology and journals is not going to cut it with him. Archaeological and Holocene landscape evolution in drainage His passion for field research is apparent in Geology Award systems of western Iowa. Soon after that his teaching, presentations at professional he turned his attention to the Des Moines meetings, and collaboration with colleagues. Presented to E. Arthur Bettis III River valley, then moved farther east and Many of Art’s students claim that his attacked a bigger stream and more daunting enthusiasm is contagious. problem: the relationship between the spatial In sum, Art has been a driving force pattern of landform sediment assemblages in geoarchaeology and undoubtedly will (LSAs) and the archaeological record of continue to have a strong influence on the upper Mississippi River valley. Art’s its direction. He deserves the recognition approach to identifying and mapping LSAs associated with the Rip Rapp Award because in the Mississippi valley revolutionized of his many outstanding contributions to alluvial geoarchaeology. Conceptualizing the interdisciplinary field of archaeological the landscape in this manner has provided geology. The Geological Society of America archeologists with a range of powerful tools and members of the Archaeological Geology for evaluating and interpreting cultural Division should be proud of honoring him in resources preserved in sediments that this way. constitute valley landscapes. Art’s expertise and contributions are not limited to the Midwest. Recently he Response by E. Arthur Bettis III E. Arthur Bettis III has been studying Pleistocene and Late Thank you, Rolfe, for the very kind University of Iowa Pliocene landscape evolution in Central Java words. I’m honored to receive this award and (Indonesia) as a context for Homo erectus thank the Archaeological Geology Division occupation of Southeast Asia. In addition to Awards Committee for its support and George reconstructing paleoenvironments, Art has “Rip” Rapp, Jr. for his foresight in helping provided information critical to interpreting Citation by Rolfe D. Mandel establish this division and for endowing this the taphonomy of the hominid-bearing award. I’ve had the good luck of playing in It is a great pleasure and honor to deposits in Java. the dirt with archaeologists for most of my introduce my friend and colleague, Art I have learned a lot from Art because career and what a wonderful windfall to be Bettis, for the presentation of the 2008 he has always been willing to share his placed with the eminent prior awardees for GSA Rip Rapp Award. Recognition of Art’s ideas. Collaboration is his mantra. This the effort! contributions to archaeological geology is comment has been echoed by many of his Reflecting on how I ended up doing long overdue, so I am pleased that the AG colleagues. Art also has gained great respect geoarchaeology brings to mind the classic Division selected him for this award. among students for his teaching skills and Grateful Dead line “what a long strange trip Art’s academic training and professional willingness to train others who are interested it’s been …” I’ve had a fascination for all experience in anthropology, soil science, in geoarchaeology. Although Art has heavy things dirty and muddy since my parents let and geology make him one of those rare teaching and research loads and numerous me start playing in the gully next to our house individuals who can excel in all three other commitments, he often devotes when I was 10. By the time I entered college disciplines. He also has the ability to considerable time to students. He has been a at Iowa State University I had cleaned up combine knowledge from these disciplines role model for many young geoarchaeologists my act—I was on a Navy ROTC scholarship in addressing archaeological problems that coming out of the geoscience and archaeology to study bacteriology for climate control demand an understanding of human behavior programs at the University of Iowa and on nuclear submarines. To fulfill my social and the earth sciences. Few people can elsewhere. sciences requirement I took Introduction effectively do this, but Art is one of them. In In addition to his research and teaching, to Anthropology and met Bill Ringle, a short, he is truly an interdisciplinary scholar, Art performed a significant service to the disheveled Anthropology instructor who over and archaeological geology, which is an geoarchaeological community during his the course of the quarter convinced me that interdisciplinary science, has benefited from tenure as Chair of the AG Division in 1992, Anthropology offered much more excitement his research and teaching. and as Editor-in-Chief of Geoarchaeology: and fun. I’ve always been somewhat of a Art’s involvement in geoarchaeology An International Journal from 2003 through science nerd and archaeology hit me as the spans more than 30 years. His most 2006. He is currently an Associate Editor for part of Anthropology where I could pursue significant contribution to archaeological Geoarchaeology, and he continues to play an my interest in biology and get dirty at the geology, and to the broader field of important role in promoting the journal. same time. A summer field school at the archaeology, is his work on soils and If I had to identify a single attribute newly reopened Lubbock Lake Site in 1973 landscape evolution in archaeological that stands out among Art’s many qualities, convinced me that archaeology, especially contexts. He has played a leading role it is his role in promoting the merits of zooarchaeology was for me. in determining how temporal and spatial field research. He is the ultimate “dirt” After graduating with a BS in patterns of erosion and sedimentation in geoarchaeologist, always emphasizing the Anthropology in 1975 I worked for a year as stream basins affect the archaeological record. need to see landscapes and soils up close a site supervisor mitigating prehistoric sites Art has published many articles dealing with in person. Simply reading about theories in the wake of Saylorville Dam flooding the

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards central Iowa’s Des Moines valley. Since we my MS I became involved in stratigraphic and made it possible for me to pursue my had taken a soils and geology class Larry and soils work with Dave at the Rainbow interests in geology, soils and geoarchaeology Abbott and I were charged with assessing Site in western Iowa where I found myself while working for a state geological survey. the stratigraphy of several sites and soon back in a gully very similar to the one I Under the tutelage of Tim Kemmis I learned realized that our surface surveys in the valley entered at age 10. That winter I came across to pay very close attention to the details of had missed significant buried archaeological a monograph by Daniels and Jordan outlining stratigraphic sections and came to better deposits and that we were in way over our their stratigraphic and soil geomorphology appreciate how scale affects our perceptions heads. During visits to several deeply buried studies in western Iowa’s Thompson Creek of sedimentary records. Dan Muhs opened sites by soil stratigraphers from the ISU Watershed. The alluvial stratigraphy they my eyes to the wonders of geochemistry and Agronomy Department I realized that the described was nearly identical to what I had has been an incredible springboard for ideas. “matrix” rather than the artifacts was what documented at the Rainbow Site 120km to Dick Baker has been my greatest inspiration interested me the most about archaeology; the north. This was a watershed moment for both as an outstanding researcher and teacher so much for my budding career as a me—a regional alluvial stratigraphy that could and most of all by showing that one’s greatest zooarchaeologist. have archaeological significance. Since that contribution is to be a really nice person. The Fall of 1976 found me enrolled in the time much of my research has focused on the person I owe the most to is my wife Brenda Agronomy Department at ISU to begin implications of regional alluvial stratigraphy for enduring my long absences from home, for a Masters program in soil genesis and for the archaeological record. listening to my frustrations about academia, morphology. I began a project on loess, The accomplishments that this award my musings about soils and mud and for changed to the origin of stone lines, and then is based on are due in large part to the being my moon and stars. had one of those life changing happenstances colleagues and friends I’ve had the good luck A final word to those aspiring to be that pointed me back toward geoarchaeology. and pleasure to work with. My “Dirt Brothers” geoarchaeologists. If you are a geologist, While on a soils field trip to Effigy Mounds Rolfe Mandel and Ed Hajic have been physical geographer or pedologist take National Monument I ran into Clark Mallam, constant companions, a source of great ideas as many archaeology courses and an an archaeologist at Luther College researching and critics of the best kind. Archaeologists archaeological field school if you can squeeze Effigy Mounds in northeastern Iowa. During Dave Benn and Dean Thompson were it in. If you are an archaeologist take as many our conversation Clark asked if I had a willing to look at sediment to understand soils, physical geography and geology courses thesis topic and offered a soil genesis study the archaeological record and thus provided as you can. Take every opportunity to go to at a mound group he and Dave Benn were a new perspective on how to assess cultural the field. Go on field trips. Volunteer to work excavating along the Mississippi Valley. That resources in the Midwest. George Hallberg in someone’s lab. Read voraciously. As Dr. began a very productive collaboration with gave me the opportunity to become a “real “ Seuss said “The more you learn the more Dave that continues today. While completing geologist, introduced me to the Quaternary places you’ll go”.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Gilbert H. Cady the coal in place, it is vital to understand I defended my M.S. thesis on the clastic the power plant as the factory producing sedimentology of a Permian basin in Poland. Award new products: the fly ash, bottom ash, and The professor of coal geology at Wroclaw Presented to Maria Mastalerz flue gas desulfurization products. Through University unexpectedly left Poland, and her own work in Indiana, and by means I was offered a position to teach and work of collaborations with other investigators, towards a doctoral degree in coal geology. she has contributed to our understanding It was 1981. Because no one at Wroclaw of mercury capture in fly ash, an important University was studying coal at the time, I aspect in the prospects for utilization of fly turned to Prof. Wieslaw Gabzdyl from the ash. Silesian Technical University in Gliwice Arguably, her most important for help and guidance. For the next several contributions have come in coalbed methane years, I split my time between teaching at and carbon dioxide sequestration research. Wroclaw University, doing field work in the Through field studies and subsequent underground coal mines in the Intrasudetic laboratory investigations, she has become one Basin, and working in the coal petrology of the leaders in this important discipline. laboratory in the Upper Silesian region. For her research in many aspects of coal In 1986, I was offered a British geology and petrology, for her dedication to Council Fellowship at Newcastle-upon-Tyne her students, and for her exemplary service University in England to work with Prof. to our professional organizations, it is an Duncan Murchison and Dr. Mike Jones in Maria Mastalerz Indiana Geological Survey honor to be recognizing Maria Mastalerz, their organic petrology/organic geochemistry one of the outstanding coal scientists of this lab. It was my first international exposure generation, with the Gilbert H. Cady Award and it turned out to be of critical importance of the Geological Society of America’s Coal in my life. During my nine-month stay in Geology Division. Britain, I completed all the analyses towards Citation by James C. Hower my doctorate, learned English, and wrote my first article for an international journal. I will It is an honor to be here tonight Response by Maria Mastalerz recognizing Maria Mastalerz for her always be grateful to Prof. Murchison for outstanding contributions to coal geology. I would like thank Jim Hower for his giving me that life-changing opportunity. I first got to know Maria in the mid-1980’s kind words and the Coal Geology Division After my return from Britain, I when she wrote letters asking questions of the Geological Society of America and the completed my dissertation and graduated about my papers. Neither of us could have Nominating Committee for presenting me with a Ph.D. in Mining Geology from anticipated that the inquisitive young Polish with this year’s Gilbert H. Cady Award. I feel Silesian Technical University in 1988. My student would end up being the distinguished particularly honored to be only the second thesis work on depositional conditions and colleague we are honoring tonight. woman, after Marlies Teichmuller, to receive coal rank in the Intrasudetic Basin received I believe that, in order to be a coal this award. It is also satisfying that this year’s a Polish Ministry of Education Award. I then geologist, it is important to go to the coal. In award is for work done primarily in the started as an assistant professor at Wroclaw many parts of the world, such as in Poland Illinois Basin, the region where Gilbert H. University, continuing my work on coals and and in the Illinois Basin, sometimes this Cady devoted most of his professional life. oil shales from the Intrasudetic Basin. means going underground. In this respect, I became a geologist relatively early The next turning point happened in Maria has more than paid her dues. Her in my life. At the age of 14, I decided that I 1990 when Prof. Marc Bustin offered me graduate fieldwork was conducted in difficult, would be a scientist. “Geology” sounded very a postdoctoral position at the University deep-coal conditions. There is really no scientific to a 14-year old girl in my native of British Columbia in Vancouver. I am substitute for personally collecting samples Poland, and I chose to attend a geological very grateful to Prof. Bustin for giving me for your research, a lesson she learned early high school. Five years later, I received a the chance to work with him. Those four in her career. diploma in geology after defending a project years in Canada were extremely fruitful and Since arriving in North America in 1990, on a design of an underground coal mine. enjoyable, and to a large extent influenced my she has established research in the electron Perhaps this was the first sign, unrecognized further career. microprobe examination of coal and the in at that point, that coal geology was in my My job as a coal geologist with the situ organic geochemical characterization of future. Finishing high school as a number- Indiana Geological Survey at Indiana macerals. Both activities have been valuable one–ranked student gave me automatic University provided more opportunities in characterizing material that would be acceptance to any university and department to work on coal and coal-related issues. difficult to separate from the coal matrix. in Poland. I filled an application to study My 14-year association with Indiana More recently, she has conducted international trade in Warsaw, but after University has also been very rewarding. research in the petrology and chemistry two days of thinking, I changed my mind. A collaborative effort with my colleague of Indiana coals and their combustion by- “Geology is not so bad,” I thought, and put in Arndt Schimmelmann allowed us to products. She has undertaken a thorough an application to study geology at Wroclaw successfully address many geological and investigation of the coal in the mine, tracing University. chemical aspects of organic matter and it through its path to the power plant and The next sign that I should become a generated hydrocarbons, not only from beyond. Just as it is important to study coal geologist came five years later after coal but also from other kerogen types,

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards and resulted in excellent graduate theses While working at Indiana University, In closing I would like to say that I love and first-rate publications. Work with John I have enjoyed many fruitful collaborations my work, I love doing research, and it has Rupp, Agnieszka Drobniak, Nelson Shaffer, with my colleagues from other centers. already been a great reward for me to have among others, on practical aspects of coal Joint projects with Jim Hower, University had the opportunity to work on coal-related geology resulted in maps and reports that of Kentucky; Miryam Glikson, University issues for all these years. It makes me feel are used by industry and the government. I of Queensland; Erwin Zodrow, University even better to see the current renewed and value the support of my supervisors, Norman College of Cape Breton; Colin Ward, diversified interest in coal and the increased Hester and, more recently, John Steinmetz. I University of New South Wales; and others demand for information that only we, coal am also greatly indebted to past and current have contributed to my success. And it is an geologists, can provide. I gratefully and graduate students: Rachel Walker, Grzegorz honor for me that these people have become humbly accept this award. It assures me that Lis, Dariusz Strapoc, Wilfrido Solano-Acosta, not only my co-workers but lifelong friends. the choices I made and directions I chose were Ling Gao, Hui Jin, and Penny Meighen. Their Finally, I would like to thank my good ones, and it will motivate me to work enthusiasm, scientific curiosity, and humor husband, Brian, for his continuing support, even harder to deserve it. Thank you very make my work more complete, exciting, and my daughter Kasia for always believing much indeed. and fun. in her mom.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

E.B. Burwell, Jr., makes the book easy to navigate and quick My final piece of luck was that I ended to track down specific ideas. The figures are my career as the owner of my own consulting Award immaculate, with numerous 3-D drawings, firm. Professor Santi has already mentioned Presented to Derek H. Cornforth clearly reproduced photographs, and hundreds the high quality of the drawings in the book, of maps and cross-sections, all drafted in a and other reviewers have been complimentary consistent style. about them. In fact, there are more than 600 The author, Dr. Derek H. Cornforth, is drawings, all drawn to a consistent technique a highly trained Civil Engineer, with a B.S. and requiring thousands of hours of drafting from Durham University in England, an M.S. time. This would not have been possible if I from Northwestern University, and a Ph.D. had not had the resources of my firm available from Imperial College in London. He has to me. worked primarily out of offices in Seattle, Landslides in Practice took almost a London, and Portland, and his career has led decade to research and write. It is mostly a to direct involvement in about 200 landslides. collection of the ideas and publications of He is the founder of the well-regarded firm, other people, but it contains some previously Landslide Technology, whose work has ranged unpublished items. I’ll mention three of them. from the Western United States and Alaska, The first is the section of the book to Africa and New Zealand. Dr. Cornforth describing the use of piles in the stabilization has authored numerous technical papers of landslides. When I first wanted to use piles related to slope stability, taught graduate for this purpose, I was rather appalled at the Derek H. Cornforth university courses in the subject, and served lack of acceptable design criteria. I think this Cornforth Consultants Inc. on a national committee of the USGS and can be attributed to a poor understanding of on a Board of Consultants formed to address how piles interact with landslides. I believe landslide investigation and mitigation. He that the method described in the book corrects resides in Lake Oswego, Oregon. this omission in the published literature. Citation by Paul M. Santi Another “first” was to provide analytical solutions to the stability analyses of double Landslides in Practice was selected Response by Derek H. Cornforth and triple wedge landslides, both of which for this award as a superb example of the are relatively common landslide profiles on interdependence of engineering geology I am most grateful to the Engineering larger slides. Previously, these were solved and geotechnical engineering to adequately Geology Division of the Geological Society by either graphical procedures or by using identify, analyze, and mitigate landslides. of America for honoring me with the Burwell non-circular stability analyses on a computer. Strong chapters covering landslide causes, Award. I also want to thank Professor Santi The analytical procedure allows double mapping, investigation, and monitoring focus for nominating my book and for his very and triple wedge stability analyses to be on the geologic components of these hazards. gracious citation. I can tell you that this is one completed relatively quickly by hand. My Chapters detailing laboratory and analytical of the highlights of my career. staff have found that hand calculations often work, as well as remediation options, Although trained as a civil engineer, I help the designer obtain insights into the most demonstrate the engineering side of the have spent most of my career working closely appropriate treatment of a landslide. equation. A dozen detailed case histories show with engineering geologists on earth dams The third item concerns the widespread how the components work together. and landslides. Therefore, I really appreciate use of “back analysis” in which the designer As the title implies, the book is, above the insights that an experienced engineering assumes that the factor of safety F is 1.00 on all, practical. The author elucidates problems geologist can bring to these types of project. the landslide. However, the book points out that are often short-changed or entirely The book Landslides in Practice is the that many landslides are actively moving and omitted in slope stability texts. What is result of a fortuitous chain of events, and I will the static F is lower than 1.00. It includes an the importance of strain rate? What are the briefly describe a few key experiences. First, example of how much below 1.00 it can fall. typical pitfalls with back analyses? How I was fortunate to obtain my doctorate degree The significance of this issue is that an extra can reliability and risk-based analyses be as a student at Imperial College, London margin of safety has to be included in the incorporated into the evaluation? How are University, where Professors Skempton and remediation of active landslides just to bring horizontal drains designed and maintained? Bishop were doing their pioneer work on the static factor of safety back to 1.00 before How is erosion control incorporated into slope stability and landslides in the late 1950s. improving the slope stability. landslide mitigation? All of these issues After that, I increased my knowledge of soil In closing, may I thank the GSA again are accompanied by example calculations, and rock properties by a two-year stint at for this honor in recognizing my book. I hope drawings, and charts, many of which are the large Soil Mechanics Ltd. laboratory in it will achieve its objective of providing sound derived from the author’s own experience. As London. The rest of my career primarily was advice on remediating soil landslides to both a result, Landslides in Practice filters a vast that of a consultant working on geotechnical new and practicing engineering geologists. array of practical technical literature, through projects but it included 12 months on the site the lens of a practitioner who has applied of a huge earthworks contract. I also spent these principles for over 45 years. a few years working for a contracting firm. The quality of the writing and These broad experiences helped me to become illustrations is outstanding. The text is clear proficient in both theoretical and practical and the use of headines, bullets, and tables knowledge of landslide work.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

George P. geology using geophysical methods as Gene. proposed that flat Farallon slab dehydration Among them is the development of the mechanically weakened the lithosphere Woollard Award tomographic method for imaging with seismic leading to the Laramide uplifts, and he Presented to waves. Seismic tomography was developed and other colleagues developed an upper Eugene D. Humphreys for different purposes almost simultaneously mantle corkscrew flow model in the wake by several academic groups in the US and of the Yellowstone hotspot. Gene and Karl Europe, as well as by a large research team at Karlstrom first documented the importance one of the US oil companies. of inherited Precambrian mantle structures in As a graduate student at Caltech, Gene modulating Phanerozoic tectonics in western Humphreys, with his advisor Rob Clayton, North America. In the shear wave split map developed regional teleseismic tomography, of the western U.S., Gene and George Zandt and applied it to data from the southern have identified toroidal asthenosperic flow California seismograph array. They presented around the southern edge of the subducted their results, which included the Transverse Farallon plate. Gene has also developed Ranges high velocity mantle drip and the a force balance model, or a stress balance Salton Trough low velocity mantle upwelling, model, if you prefer, for the entire North at an historic session at the 1984 Fall AGU American plate, because he wants to meeting. The meeting room was packed, the understand how the western orogenic belt questioning was lively and at times heated, came to be the way it is. and the audience left with a sense that our As an Earth scientist I think that it’s field of science had been fundamentally impossible to think about the western U.S. Eugene D. Humphreys University of Oregon altered: The upper mantle, until then, had as a geologic entity without thinking of the been largely terra incognita. The discussions works of Clark Burchfiel, George Thompson, continued, radiating out in all directions, Tanya Atwater, and Gene Humphreys. Their as the session adjourned and the audience papers are essential reading for understanding dispersed. Gene continued this early work the western US orogenic plateau. Citation by Alan Levander in tomography as a young professor at the It gives me great pleasure to see Gene Many of us in Earth sciences were University of Oregon with a group of talented receive this year’s George P. Woollard award. attracted to the field by a love of the outdoors, students, producing tomographic models for many parts of the western U.S. upper mantle, and I think in this regard Gene Humphreys is Response by Eugene D. Humphreys no exception. In his youth, Gene made several in fact almost every part that had permanent extended bike trips around the western U.S. seismograph arrays. Thank you, Alan, for the nice words. that sparked his interest in Earth science and Gene was one of the early proponents And also, I’d like to acknowledge the GSA his curiosity about how the west became of USArray. The first P-wave velocity and the Geophysics Division for keeping the way it is. Listening to Gene describe anomaly map of the entire western U.S. was geophysics alive within the GSA. It is at the his bike trips, my impression is that he had a compilation of results from many different GSA that a geophysicist can best keep up experiences that combine Jack Kerouac’s “On seismic arrays produced by Ken Dueker with the geological observations that place the Road”, John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes and Gene. This image became one of the so much constraint on our mutual effort to of Wrath”, and John McPhee’s “Basin and selling points for USArray, because of the understand the Earth. Range”, against an aesthetic backdrop of surprisingly high degree of upper mantle I would also like to thank the succession Ansel Adams. heterogeneity it exhibited. I think Gene was of Earth scientists who I’ve had the good Many other things about Gene seem to startled by how popular the image became, luck to encounter. My progress in Earth be the exception rather than the rule. As an and a bit disappointed at how little people sciences has been largely a consequence example, he’s apolitical in the broadest sense actually tried to understand it. of their talents and efforts. This includes of the word, in my opinion this is an essential A great photograph not only has Shawn Biehler and Tien Lee at UC Riverside, part of a scientist’s character: Gene comes to technical brilliance it has some element of who each demonstrated deep interest in any Earth science problem interested in what beauty and soul, which, translated to Earth understanding the Earth and integrity in is true, and although he gives credit for the science, is what Gene extracts from his this endeavor (excellent lessons for a young provenance of ideas, his interest in the more seismic images: student). At Caltech I was blessed when two social aspects of science are confined to the As examples: Gene and Ken Dueker new faculty, Rob Clayton and Brad Hager, pleasure of having interesting friends and interpreted their upper mantle images arrived full of enthusiasm. I benefited greatly colleagues to work with. A self-taught, and for physical state, invoking global and from their creativity and insight, and by gifted amateur photographer, Gene can see regional convection systems to produce having these two for advisors and friends. multiple scales, tones, facets, and dimensions, the compositional, thermal, buoyancy, and Since coming to the University of Oregon, and has a keen sense of motion and time, in rheologic variations that explain the character Harve Waff’s spontaneous honesty and Doug any scene that he sets his eye and his mind to. of the large tectonic provinces in the western Toomey’s persistent pursuit of quality in These qualities have served him well as an U.S. Gene proposed the “Folded Taco” model science and all facets of life have provided a Earth scientist. for removal of the Farallon slab from beneath good perspective as well as the basis of good Few geophysicists have made as many, the western U.S. to explain the early Cenozoic friendship. And working with Alan Levandar or as diverse, contributions to understanding ignimbrite flare up. He and his colleagues has been both a joy and a good example of

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards one who sets his mind on achieving and then Finally, I acknowledge the geologic and To conclude, I think it is remarkable that doing so. Also essential to me have been many geophysical community at large; this is an I have been given chance to simply do what outstanding students, who number too many unusual group of people who share freely I enjoy, the financial and moral support to do to mention here. However, I am compelled of ideas, enjoys the effort to understand the so, and the opportunity to contribute to the to mention Ken Dueker for his insistence on Earth, and appreciates each other. I have not field and those involved. To be acknowledged getting to the bottom of an issue, with little seen this in other professions, so I think we for this is a surprise and a pleasure. regard for dogma. And, of course, my wife must consider ourselves fortunate. Monica deserves a special thanks for not only enriching my life, but for putting up with the demands of my work.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

2008 Biggs Award short time in the profession she has made great the aforementioned Lecture Tutorials, the progress. But wait, you may ask, how can development of outcomes- and assessment- for Excellence such an ABD—even a very good one—merit based curricula in the geosciences, and in Earth Science consideration for such a prestigious award as misconceptions in geosciences, in general. Her the Biggs, when there are so many other gifted grantsmanship is also enviable, as she is the Teaching young geoscience educators in the discipline? PI or Co-PI on three NSF grants and a DLESE But Professor Kortz is much more than an grant. Presented to Karen M. Kortz excellent teacher, for despite her youth she has In addition to the Biggs award, Professor emerged as a major player, nationally, in earth Kortz received the Dedicated Teacher Award science education. Let me elaborate. at CCRI, and an award from the American At CCRI she has developed from Association of Woman Geologists. Part of scratch an exemplary earth and space science her success in these endeavors is due to her curriculum, in which she does all the teaching, initiative in making the effort to become including courses in introductory geology, a major player in the national geoscience planetary geology, and oceanography. She community. This includes her involvement in is also director of the Honors Program and a DLESE, CERES & Cutting Edge activities, member of a variety of committees that deal NAGT (for which she is the vice-president of with issues ranging from mentoring students the New England section), GSA, and AGU. with disabilities to college accreditation. Her Let me draw from the words of her peers, as teaching is superb, as evidenced by summaries they speak eloquently to her impact on all of course evaluations, student comments, and of us in Rhode Island and elsewhere in the letters of support from former students. The profession: “This balance between challenging following comments from former and current students and making a subject enjoyable is Karen M. Kortz students capture the essence of her impact difficult to achieve, yet Karen has managed Community College of Rhode Island on their careers: “Prof. Kortz had us work to do this in her classes…. It was interesting with our classmates … As a shy person I was how the students tended to highlight not so sure that this would be helpful for me different activities and projects, indicating to learn. Well as it turns out, It was helpful! to me how carefully Karen has constructed Citation by Daniel P. Murray It allowed myself and classmates to discuss her class to use many different assessment what we had learned … It also helped me techniques, such as web-research homework, I am both pleased and honored to be overcome my shyness. That is something that presentations, small and large group the citationist for this year’s recipient of the I can apply to my future in every area of my discussions, and hands-on activities.” and Carolyn Biggs Earth Science Teaching Award, life….” and “Karen’s general excitement for “Karen is a remarkably inventive and versatile my colleague Karen Kortz. I have known the subject of Geology and caring personality teacher. She has collaborated on the creation Professor Kortz for six years, originally as makes it virtually impossible not to learn. The of new types of curricula; most importantly, “that gifted new teacher” in the Physics Dept. knowledge I received from Geology I will she strives to understand the effectiveness of of the Community College of Rhode Island carry with me for the rest of my life. There is the materials that she uses and develops. Her (CCRI), and more recently as my Ph.D. no way to just look at a rock anymore;…”. passion for teaching, for engaging students student. Specifically, I first met her as a co- Her doctoral research focuses on in research, and for being a life-long learner member of the RI Space Grant program, from alternative ways to present E&SS materials makes her an excellent resource for students. which she has secured competitive funding to students that takes into account learning Karen seems to have boundless energy for for students to build and test an experiment in differences and the latest research in the teaching, understanding how students learn, conjunction with the Reduced Gravity Student cognitive sciences. The first chapter of and investigation of learning in her own Flight Opportunity Program by NASA. her thesis identifies barriers to learning classrooms.” Ms Kortz received her B.A. in Geology, introductory geology, and develops ways to Given the sad state of STEM education Magma cum Laude, from Pomona College counter them through the creation of Lecture in the USA today, the infusion of young in 1998 and a M.Sc. in planetary geology Tutorials. This work is complete and was teachers such as Professor Kortz into the from Brown University in 2001. Although published in the May issue of the Journal of system is critical, especially at the community she originally planned to continue on for a Geoscience Education, and in an expanded college level. CCRI, as with many community Ph.D. in planetary geology, a funny thing form as a book (for which a publisher has colleges nationwide, educates students who, happed. During a leave of absence after her been lined up). Additionally, she has presented to a greater extent than at four year schools Masters, she took an adjunct position in the workshops on the use of Lecture Tutorials such as the University of Rhode Island, have physics department (they have no geoscience at the 2007 New England section of the physical, cognitive, and cultural issues that department) at CCRI . She fell in love with NAGT meeting, and at this GSA meeting. impede learning. Karen is keenly sensitive to teaching, and quickly decided to make it her Other chapters (which are also presented at these issues and they are, at least partially the career, and she is now a tenured associate this meeting) address difficulties students reason she has devoted considerable time and professor. Additionally she is currently have with core issues in cladistics and the energy to development of alternative teaching enrolled at the University of Rhode Island for rock cycle. Her early publications dealt with instruments. her Ph.D. in Geoscience Education, where she Venusian and Martian soils and volcanism. Bottom line, Karen Kortz is the complete is expected to complete all work by the end of More recently her work has focused on package. She is a gifted teacher who is this semester. Good career change, as in her

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards not content to limit her efforts to her own College of Rhode Island) was looking for an I also especially want to thank Jessica classroom. Rather, she is continually striving adjunct professor in geology, so I applied. Smay, who has played many roles in my life. to improve science education, nationally as Since it was one week before classes started, I She is a colleague, a collaborator, a supporter, well as parochially, through her efforts to got the job. a friend, and my little sister. She also has an develop new methodologies and approaches to I quickly discovered that I loved instinct for teaching, and has an excellent teaching. It has been my great fortune to have teaching. However, after my first semester, vision of how to approach the teaching of such a gifted young teacher as my student, I felt that I could do more to help students difficult topics. Our unique relationship colleague, and friend, to be able to watch learn. I knew I could do better, but I wasn’t as colleagues and sisters allows us to be her grow intellectually and professionally, sure how. Looking around online, I accidently excellent collaborators. And without her, I over the last few years. And as a bonus, I’ve stumbled across a website with information would not be where I am today. learned much from her about what comprises about On the Cutting Edge workshops. I had In addition, I would like to thank my a great teacher and educator, and how to go never heard of the workshops, but because family. My parents always supported me in about becoming one. they were free and because the one for doing whatever I wanted that would make me beginning geology teachers sounded to be just happy, and I thank them for that. I couldn’t what I needed, I attended. have accomplished what I have done without Response by Karen M. Kortz The workshop, once more, changed my my husband, Brian. He has been there for me, I am delighted and deeply honored to be career. I not only learned about great ideas and his dedication and support have allowed named this year’s recipient of the Donald and to improve my teaching, but also that there me to take on everything that I have, and Carolyn Biggs Award for Excellence in Earth was a field of geology, called geocognition, actually succeed at it. Science Teaching. I thank Dr. Dan Murray, where you actually learn how people think I would like to wrap up by saying that who nominated me, and my colleagues and about geology. I have always loved geology, I teach at a community college, and it is my students who wrote letters of support. I but now I had finally found my passion within understanding that I am only the second also thank the selection committee and the the field. community college professor to be selected Geoscience Education division of the GSA After discovering the field of for the Biggs Award. I am honored to be in for selecting me to be the newest member of geocognition, I started doing some research such prestigious company, but disappointed this distinguished group of faculty. I am truly on my own and began to re-entertain the that there are not more community college humbled. notion of pursuing a Ph.D. At a meeting with professors selected for the award. Faculty I want to begin by saying that I am representatives from colleges across the state at community colleges face difficulties actually a second-generation Biggs recipient. (in Rhode Island, that’s not too difficult), not typically seen at four year institutions. Two of my former professors at Pomona I talked to a geologist from the University Community college instructors are often the College, Eric Grosfils and Linda Reinen, of Rhode Island, Dan Murray. I floated sole geologists at their schools, so they work received the Biggs award. I appreciate their the possibility by him that I was thinking in isolation, and do not have colleagues to excellent teaching, and they have been of pursuing my Ph.D., and he was very nominate them for awards such as this one. wonderful role models for me. enthusiastic about the idea and was willing to They often do not have funding to travel to My path to becoming a professor was take me on as a student. meetings, and their teaching loads prevent not a straight and simple one. I didn’t start off Since then, I’ve been researching and them from conducting research and publishing knowing what I wanted to do, and I ended up taking classes in addition to keeping my papers. As a result, although I’m sure there are where I am now through a series of fortunate teaching position at CCRI, and I have been many community college professors that are events. I entered graduate school with the loving every minute of it. I want to thank deserving of this award, their efforts are not goal of getting my Ph.D. After earning my Dan for his support and his nomination. He being recognized. I hope that this is something Masters degree, though, I began to re-visit has been a wonderful mentor for me. He that will change in the future. my long-term career aspirations. So, I took a has guided my education and influenced my Thank you again for this extraordinary break from graduate studies. At the same time, teaching with his broad interests ranging from honor. the local community college (the Community art history to geology to cognition.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Mary C. Rabbitt The content of Greg’s work is broad history be based on an honest, hard-nosed and yet concrete. From his dissertation on evaluation of what we have known about the HISTORY OF the methodology of John Herschel’s optics, Earth.” GEOLOGY AWARD through articles and papers on geomagnetism, The degree to which Greg creates and on into work on geophysics and connections reaches far beyond the content of Presented to Gregory A. Good geosciences, Greg’s work is always rooted in his scholarly work. His model of scholarship the concrete: the individuals, the institutions, requires connection to his university the methodology, and the scientific work that community, the broader community in produce our evolving understanding of the which he lives, and the members of the small planet on which we all live. academic community worldwide. It is this And the story Greg tells in his scholarly sense of human connectedness that shapes work is always one rich in context—how the not only his written work but the way he pieces fit together, why time and place and works. Scholarship is conference papers and human nature and culture matter in how the articles and books—and Greg has given us science gets done. By exploring a number of all of those, but it is also being there, being adjacent fields—and always insisting that the connected in a community of discourse that history of the earth sciences is plural—Greg creates and disseminates understanding. Greg constantly reminds those of us who work only has given us that, too. And he’s given it to us in the history of geology that geology exists in person in the United States, in Canada, in as part of a family of sciences. Germany, in England, in Brazil, in Ireland, in He tells this story with great clarity— the Czech Republic, in Denmark, and in Italy. Gregory A. Good both in his mastery of the details and the He has worked and shared as a Smithsonian West Virginia University-Morgantown clarity of his writing. One of his greatest Post-Doctoral Fellow, a Carnegie Institution gifts to the scholarly content of the history of Research Associate, and a visiting scholar the earth sciences is to improve the strength at Cambridge University—a tradition he of argument and clarity of writing in the will surely continue when he becomes work of others. He has been phenomenally Director of the Center for History of Physics Citation by Julie R. Newell generous—and gentle—with his gifts. at the American Institute of Physics this The Mary C. Rabbitt Award is presented But the “C” that best characterizes the coming January. And he has surely created annually by the Geological Society of whole of Greg’s work is connection. His a community of scholarly discourse among America’s History of Geology Division contributions to the scholarship of the history his colleagues and students at West Virginia to an individual for exceptional scholarly of the earth science are multiplied by the University. contributions of fundamental importance constant connections he creates. The 4-Cs may be content, clarity, to our understanding of the history of the For Greg, the earth sciences is always context, and connection rather than cut, color, geological sciences. Achievements deserving multidisciplinary. He creates essential clarity, and carat-weight, but it very much of the award include, but may not be limited connections within the subject matter by was my intent to imply that Greg Good is a to, publication of papers or books that drawing together multiple threads of the earth diamond in the discipline of the history of contribute new and profound insights into the sciences in his own scholarship and by his the earth sciences. And I’ve very carefully history of geology based on original research editorial work. This is evident in the breadth counted my words so I might conclude with or a synthesis of existing knowledge.” and quality of the work that appeared in some of Greg’s. Greg dedicated Sciences of This year’s recipient of the Mary Rabbitt Earth Sciences History under his editorship the Earth to a recently deceased friend and award, Gregory Alan Good, exemplifies (1998–2004). And I can personally attest to mentor, who, he wrote, “taught me that a the principles spelled out in the official the fact that most or all of those papers were passion for the world and the living augments description of the award. Not only does his better written and their arguments more sound scholarship.” We have all been enriched own scholarship provides us with rich insight because they were subjected to Greg’s keen because Greg has learned that lesson so well, and careful analysis, but he has made a eye and always constructive feedback. But and because he shares the results so freely— tremendous contribution to the scholarship in even more important, and reaching a wide in print and in person. our field by challenging—and helping—many audience, his 1998 two-volume Sciences of of us to produce stronger work than we would the Earth: An Encylopedia of Events, People, Response by Gregory A. Good otherwise have been able to do. and Phenomena is an invaluable resource. Greg received his B.S. (with highest Greg’s introductory essay, “Toward a History I am extremely honored that the History honors—which will surprise no one who of the Sciences of the Earth,” gives the best of Geology Division of the Geological knows him) in Physics from St. Vincent introductory course in the history of the earth Society of America has conferred the Mary College in Pennsylvania in 1974. From there, sciences that one could ask for—and in under C. Rabbitt Award in honor of my efforts in he moved on to graduate work in History & ten pages. The final two sentences are not history of the earth sciences. This award says Philosophy of Science at the University of only a desideratum for the discipline, but volumes about the broadminded tolerance of Toronto, earning an M.A. and a Ph.D. From an excellent description to Greg’s scholarly historians of geology, since so much of my the very beginning, Greg’s scholarly activity work: “Let history be a repository for our writing lies elsewhere: history of physical has been characterized by the four C’s: memories of what we have tried, of what optics and scientific method, history of content, clarity, context, and connection. has been good and what has not. And let this magnetospheric physics, of meteorology,

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards and climatology. And I do invite all of you point. My first scientific love, astronomy, led processes over geological time. The stories to read my articles, which must seem far me to major in physics. Astronomy, I thought, also show individual scientists to have been beyond history of geology to some. Much could wait until grad school. But I couldn’t. I real people, who worked both the field and that I have written, however, I base on ideas bought telescopes and built an observatory on the study. All of these attributes of history of I encountered at meetings of the Geological a relative’s farm. I lectured to school children geology make this community a natural fit Society of America. My ideas grew out in planetariums and assisted at observing for me, even if I mainly write about histories of contrasting the different views of earth sessions at my college. I eagerly read histories of geophysics, geomagnetism, and electrical science and its history among geologists, of astronomy. Undergraduate professors currents throughout Earth and near space. geophysicists, and many others. I strive to introduced me to Kuhn’s revolutions and I have benefited immensely from a series integrate – and differentiate – tales from Polanyi’s tacit knowledge. Then I stumbled of editorial experiences. When I decided in Earth’s core to its cosmic connections. on something new: history of science as a 1990 to edit the Garland encyclopedia on the Don’t, however, look for me to write a professional possibility. When I was filling out history of the earth sciences, I thought of it as version of Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos applications to grad schools for astronomy, I a “community-building” activity. I thought it for the 21st century! I intend to continue noticed that three had graduate programs in would be done in a few years and I could get my historical writing on more restricted history of science. Two seconds with an eraser back on track, writing the book that would topics, such as “Magnetic Lives,” currently changed my future. promote me to professor. Eight years later, underway. A large part of this book does Given my different background, how Sciences of the Earth burst from the press, at a concern investigators of rock magnetism and did I end up spending so much time with price beyond most scholars’ budgets. A tribute paleomagnetism, but in the context of a broad geologists and historians of geology? Happy to my determination – I’m like a Labrador range of geomagnetic topics. I hope also to accident contributed somewhat, of course. retriever that will not let go of the duck. But write a few scientific biographies, one of the My roommate in grad school, Tony Green, more so, this first-ever comprehensive history natural philosopher John Herschel and one was a geologist who worked for a while on of (almost) all the geosciences was a tribute of Sydney Chapman, aeronomer, theoretical a mapping project for Tuzo Wilson. Evening to 140 authors, from dozens of countries. physicist, and magnetician, to use his word. discussions with Tony introduced me to plate The field needed a “state of the art” book so Both Herschel and Chapman contributed tectonics. Summers took me to the Canadian that the next generation of historians might greatly to our understanding of Earth as a Rockies, Newfoundland’s “fiord” country, and proceed further. I learned much from all of planet, although neither was a geologist. various mountain ranges for peak bagging those authors. Maybe someday I will unite these interests and botanizing. Camp talk centered on glacial My seven years as editor of Earth into a history of knowledge of the Earth from rebound, William Logan, and the Franklin Sciences History from 1998 to 2004 and then a cosmic perspective, something like “Earth in search expeditions. My job was to teach my as subject area editor for geology and solid- the Heavens.” friends about the history of exploration of earth geophysics for the New Dictionary So you won’t find much about these places. We also collected rock samples of Scientific Biographyfrom 2005 to 2007 paleontology or sedimentation in my writing. in the Byam Martin Mountains on arctic Bylot provided my crowning experiences working I approach the Earth from space, as a planet, Island for a geologist back home. with more wonderful historians of geology. at least back to Copernicus. Before that this Geologists, I find, have one advantage INHIGEO has also widened my experience by approach is anachronistic. Earlier periods over physicists when it comes to history. putting me in face-to-face contact with many I require the historian to approach the ideas of Geologists, naturally, think about time. had previously known only as authors. alien cultures, whose Earth was not whole, They think about a succession of unique I certainly have been privileged to have even when it was spherical. That is another events, whereas physicists seek uniform met and worked with so many good people, story, another time, another historian. laws. I find geologists quite able to “get” inquisitive people. Thank you for these My background differs from that of most what a historian is trying to do. So many experiences, and for the greatest honor I can historians of geology. As one might guess, I stories told by historians of geology revolve imagine for a historian of the earth sciences, have come to this cosmic view of the history around characters with a wonderful spatial the Mary C. Rabbitt Award. of the earth sciences from a different starting imagination and a substantial appreciation of

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

O.E. Meinzer Award and irreversible mass transfer calculations unsaturated zone of the western Great Plains to simulate reaction paths for species that (Thorstenson et al., 1983, Radiocarbon, v. 25, Presented to are associated with the decomposition of 315-346). With Dave Pollock, Don brought Donald C. Thorstenson organic matter. This paper set the stage for the “dusty gas” model of porous media quantitative geochemical investigations transport into the earth sciences and applied it involving redox reactions and has influenced to unsaturated-zone processes (Thorstenson the work of many who followed to study and Pollock, 1989, Water Resources degradation of organic contaminants in Research, v. 25, p. 477-507, and 1989a, ground-water systems. Revs. Geophys., v.27, p. 61-78). Finally, At the USGS, Don began field Don applied his expertise to the assessment investigations measuring the concentrations of nuclear waste disposal at Yucca Mountain of multiple oxidation states of redox-active (Thorstenson et al., 1998, Water Resources species in the Fox-Hills aquifer of North Research, 34(6), 1507-1529). Don Dakota (Thorstenson et al., 1979, Water recognized and demonstrated that isotopically 14 Resources Research, v. 15, p. 1479-1498). different gaseous species of CO2 ( CO2, 13 12 He then investigated the thermodynamic CO2, CO2) had unique transport properties properties of the hydrated electron and the and therefore diffused independently and not fundamental properties of the Standard simply with “total CO2” in natural porous Hydrogen Electrode (Thorstenson, 1984, media. Going further, he also reexamined Donald C. Thorstenson U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report the assumptions inherent in Fick’s laws, and U.S. Geological Survey-Denver 84-072, 45p). Through these studies, Don came to the conclusion that the application demonstrated, both in theory and in practice, of Fick’s laws could lead to significant errors that unique values of “the redox potential” in many real-world situations. His work could neither be defined nor measured in advanced the understanding of unsaturated Citation by L. Niel Plummer low-temperature natural environments. zone processes at Yucca Mountain. Working Don developed a convention for accounting with Ed Weeks and others, Don showed that I am honored to introduce Donald C. for electron transfer that greatly facilitated unsaturated-zone air residence times are Thorstenson as the recipient of the 2008 modeling of geochemical reactions only a few years in the shallow parts of the O.E. Meinzer Award of the Hydrogeology undergoing oxidation-reduction in ground- mountain. Division of the Geological Society of water systems. Recently, Don Thorstenson developed America. Don Thorstenson is a pioneering In another area of research, Don a unified formulation that can be used to geochemist who has tackled some of the and Niel Plummer investigated the describe the transport and reaction of multiple most difficult scientific problems in the thermodynamic behavior of impure solids isotopic species in gases, water and solids. hydrochemical sciences throughout his in aqueous solutions. Don introduced the Present approaches make such calculations career. The impact that Don’s science has concept of “Stoichiometric Saturation”, a using the average isotopic composition of had on the field of hydrogeochemistry is thermodynamic state in which a mineral of the element, and do not explicitly allow pervasive and multifaceted. He is a scientist variable composition reacts as if fixed in consideration of individual molecular who advanced the way we understand composition, a concept originally recognized species interactions. In this latest research equilibria between impure solids and aqueous by J. Willard Gibbs in the 1870s, but still on achievement (Thorstenson and Parkhurst, solutions, demonstrated the non-equilibrium the back shelf of geochemistry. Don derived 2004, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 11, nature of redox reactions in the environment, the fundamental thermodynamic relationships p 2449-2465), Don went once again back to showed that individual molecules of isotopic between solids that react to thermodynamic the basics, re-examining all the assumptions gaseous species moved in accordance with equilibrium and those in the kinetic state of made in modern theories of isotopic thermodynamic theory in unsaturated zones, stoichiometric saturation. He showed how fractionation, back through the classic works developed fundamental principles that to derive thermodynamic properties from of Urey and others. In collaboration with govern modeling of geochemical reactions, stoichiometric saturation states. This research David Parkhurst, this treatment has now been and developed a means to calculate the (Thorstenson and Plummer, 1977, Amer. implemented in a version of the PHREEQC distribution of individual isotopic species in Jour. Science, v. 277, p. 1203-1223) was the geochemical code. Don retired from the aquatic systems. foundation on which numerous theoretical USGS National Research Program in 2003; Don’s most significant publications and experimental studies followed. The however, he continues to expand the isotopic include theoretical calculations and the fundamental concepts developed by Don are calculation capabilities of the PHREEQC application of theory to field experiments. now found in most geochemical textbooks, code under the USGS Scientist Emeritus One of the first papers Don published is and are being employed in a variety of Program. It will likely be years before from his doctoral research on the equilibrium areas, such as nuclear waste disposal, geochemists catch up with Don’s research in distribution of small organic molecules in cement stability and reaction behavior, and this area. natural waters (Thorstenson, 1970, Geochim. contaminant transport. For 20 years at the USGS, Don was Cosmochim. Acta, v. 34, p. 745-770). The Don Thorstenson brought fundamental one of the principal instructors for a training paper explains how one can use equilibrium rigor to the study of unsaturated-zone gas course on the geochemistry of ground-water transport processes. His work started with systems. This course produced a generation * Citation publications noted in bold. investigations of carbon isotopes in the of hydrologists and geochemists who

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards have gone on to apply their knowledge to sabbatical year at the USGS Water Resources The dusty gas mathematics are daunting, many USGS programs at state and national Division geochemical research group in and I was near, or at, the limit of my abilities levels. Don leaves a legacy of outstanding Reston, Virginia. Two years later I moved to when another chance meeting occurred, this fundamental science that has profoundly the USGS permanently. time with Dave Pollock. Dave’s background influenced the application of thermodynamics Shortly after my sabbatical arrival, Don is in chemical engineering, and he brought a and kinetics to hydrogeological systems. As Fisher and I attended a USGS coal hydrology new and much greater understanding to this recipient of the 2008 O.E. Meinzer Award, we meeting in North Dakota, where we met Mack work. We generated various applications of thank Don Thorstenson for helping us get to Croft, who introduced us to the Fox Hills the dusty gas equations to the North Dakota where we are today and for the path he has put Aquifer. Mack had the hydrologic expertise, field site, but the only contribution to the us on for the future. Don the analytiical skills, I did the field work actual dusty gas model itself—showing that and modeling, and the result was the cited the equations kept the same form in terms of paper on Fox Hills geochemistry. potentiometric head, as well as pressure—was Response by Donald C. Thorstenson The second cited paper, with Niel produced entirely by Dave. I would like to thank the Hydrogeology Plummer, deals with magnesian calcites and Ed Weeks eventually led our unsaturated- Division, the awards committee, all those solid solution theory. zone studies to Yucca Mountain. Here involved in nominating me for this award, Niel had a data set, I had some advective gas transport is dominant, and Niel Plummer for his flattering citation. theoretical concepts, and the result was a exemplified by the “blowing boreholes” that Many people are owed heartfelt thanks for paper outside the realm of conventional Ed is noted for studying. The geochemical the fact that I am here. First and foremost, the geochemical wisdom—the following year aspects of this study helped identify CO2 three most important people in my life, my it received 33 journal pages of discussion, sources and put a time frame on the transport wife Gail and sons Eric and Donald. Gail put pro and con. The literature search for work processes in the mountain through the use me through school, raised the kids, helped supporting our concepts led me finally to the of carbon isotopes and CFC’s. Many thanks support the family, and with Eric and Donald classic work of J. W. Gibbs (1878) where are due coauthors Ed Weeks, Herb Haas, Ed survived many summers in unexpected places. they were laid out clearly. Had he possesssed Busenberg, Niel Plummer, and Charlie Peters. But most of all, she was always there with a Niel’s data set, and the aqueous speciation I also met Dave Parkhurst during my sympathetic ear for uncounted hours when concepts available to us, he could have sabbatical—another personal and professional I would arrive home from work feeling the published our paper exactly 100 years earlier. association to span three decades. Dave, Niel, need to talk Had she been able to charge It’s hard to be truly original… and I worked on the geochemical modeling proffesional therapist rates, she would now be Niel mentioned in his citation the work code PHREEQE, worked and published a wealthy woman. on thermodynamics of hydrated electrons. on forward and inverse geochemical In an amazing stroke of good luck for This research was done with John Hostettler, modeling, and jointly taught a USGS-WRD me, Bob Garrels, Hal Helgeson, and Fred a friend and physical chemist from San Jose geochemistry course for more than twenty Mackenzie all arrived at Northwestern State. John spent a sabbatical year at the years. Recently Dave and I published the University the year after I enrolled there as USGS pursuing this topic and its implications last paper cited in this award. Once again I a graduate student in geology. In addition to for natural redox processes. The resulting had some theoretical concepts, and in this his teaching, Bob spent many hours working publications could not have happened without case, Dave was able to implement them in with me on practice oral exams in the hope him. PHREEQC, resulting in the ability to calculate that I might survive the real thing, and Hal Early in my sabbatical year I also met individual isotope equilibrium constants from and his courses provided the theoretical and Ed Weeks. Approximately a year later, Ed, fractionation data. Originality was again hard computational framework for my dissertation. myself, and Herb Haas were in the field to to come by - in his classic 1947 paper, Harold Fred (who I worked with for another decade) begin a 2-decade study of unsaturated-zone Urey calculated fractionation properties 14 showed me how to integrate it all in the field CO2 distribution and gas transport. Herb for the individual species H2O, HTO, and and laboratory, at times shared his home with was director of the radiocarbon laboratory at T2O, to cite one example. Had today’s me, and helped get my career off to a running SMU, then DRI Las Vegas, and in addition aqueous speciation modeling capabilities 14 start. to providing the C analytics, worked in been available then, it seems very likely that From Northwestern I moved to a faculty the field with us throughout these studies. calculations of Urey and/or his colleagues position at the Department of Geological Much of our early work was done at a lignite would have taken the same direction that I did Sciences at Southern Methodist University, mine in North Dakota, where we noted small 60 years later. where four graduate students deserve my gradients in N2 and argon at a site where I was very surprised to be invited out thanks—Bob Leeper, Alfred Liaw, Jackie advective transport processes other than of near-retirement to receive this award, and Pruitt, and Keith Talley. At SMU I developed barometric pumping appeared to be minimal. extrordinarily pleased and honored to do so. an interest in groundwater studies, and The quest to explain these gradients led to the through Blair Jones, was able to arrange a literature of the “dusty gas” model.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

International which is now in place. Under Professor management and oversight provided by Prof. Emmermann’s direction, the GFZ also aids Emmermann. Division and mentors young scientists from developing Professor Emmermann was trained as Distinguished countries, allowing them to use state-of-the- a geochemist and his personal research has art analytical equipment and to interact with involved the study of igneous rocks in a Career Award established scientists. number of different environments. He has Professor Emmermann is one of the focused on four main areas of research: study Presented to Rolf Emmermann world’s most effective supporters of scientific of Mesozoic igneous complexes in Namibia research drilling. He first became involved related to rifting of the African margin, with research drilling as a participant on investigation of oceanic seafloor basalts and DSDP and ODP cruises in the Atlantic, gabbros utilizing the DSDP and ODP, as well Pacific and Indian Oceans. As a result of this as drilling projects in Iceland and Cyprus, experience, he became a strong advocate for study of Andean volcanism and investigation continental drilling and in 1986 he became of continental crust utilizing deep drilling. Coordinator of the German Continental In addition to carrying out personal studies, Deep Drilling Project (KTB). The KTB Professor Emmermann was typically the sampled nearly 10 km of continental crust in leader or coordinator of these projects, which southern Germany, providing new insights involved graduate students, post-doctoral into the tectonic evolution of Europe, the fellows and numerous colleagues. 3-dimensional structure and composition Professor Emmermann has had a of the crust and the relationship between dramatic impact on international geoscience geophysical data and crustal lithology. The over a period of 30 years. His contributions scientific success of this project was due extend from development of a new world- Rolf Emmermann largely to Prof. Emmermann who served as class scientific institute to establishment and GeoForschungsZentrum, the Scientific Director of the program from direction of the International Crustal Drilling Potsdam, Germany 1989-1995. Professor Emmermann led a Program. His scientific knowledge, energy, team of over 150 scientists who collected a enthusiasm and dedication have created new vast array of core and borehole data, all of research opportunities for geoscientists from which was carefully integrated with the local around the world. He is an ideal selection Citation by Paul T. Robinson geology and regional structure. for the 2008 GSA International Division The successful completion of this Distinguished Career Award. It is my pleasure this evening to decade-long venture was a remarkable introduce Professor Rolf Emmermann, of achievement in its own right but it had Potsdam, Germany, the winner of the 2008 implications far beyond this one project. Response by Rolf Emmermann GSA International Division Distinguished Building on the success of the KTB, Career Award. Prof. Emmermann is a I am very glad and deeply honored Prof. Emmermann vigorously pursued leading international scientist who has made to receive this prestigious award from the establishment of the International Continental extraordinary contributions to the geosciences International Division and the GSA Council. Drilling Program (ICDP). He organized a in several roles. He served for 15 years as The geosciences are progressing coordinating committee, held an international Director of the GeoForschungsZentrum fast. During my professional career I have conference attended by 250 scientists from (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany, a national experienced two major revolutions that around the world, and in 1996 signed a MOU geoscience research center set up in 1991, fundamentally changed our view on the nature with Germany, China and the USA formally following German reunification. Professor and workings of planet Earth. The first, the establishing the ICDP. The membership Emmermann was the first Director of the plate tectonic revolution, was essentially now stands at 17 countries and 2 corporate Institute and has been responsible for its restricted to the solid Earth. But the second affiliates, and negotiations are underway direction and accomplishments since its encompassed the entire Earth as a system, with several additional countries that wish inception. During his 15 years as Director, from the inner core of our planet to its outer to join. The ICDP owes its existence to the the GFZ grew to include a staff of nearly 700 magnetosphere. This System Earth is highly vision, scientific knowledge, determination and gained international recognition for its dynamic and subject to perpetual change. It and political skills of Professor Emmermann. innovative science, particularly in the fields is comprised of a multitude of subsystems Headquartered at the GFZ since its inception, of mineralogy, geochemistry, geophysics linked by numerous interwoven cycles and is the ICDP has carried out a highly successful and remote sensing. The GFZ is currently distinguished by fluxes of matter and energy program of research drilling throughout the leading geoscience institute in Germany across all its interfaces. Processes operate on a the world. Working with a relatively small and one of the most prominent in Europe. It vast range of spatial and temporal scales with budget, the ICDP has produced vast amounts is famous not only for cutting-edge scientific intricate patterns of interaction that preclude of valuable information on meteorite impact research, but also for responding to the needs simple predictability. Current research, structures, ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of society. For example, immediately after therefore, is focussed on monitoring and and tectonics, volcanic and hydrothermal the deadly earthquake and tsunami that struck modelling key-geoprocesses and quantifying activity, fault characteristics, paleoclimates Indonesia in 2004, Professor Emmermann the interference of mankind with parts of and natural resources. The success of this sought funding from the German government System Earth. program is due in large part to the scientific to set up a tsunami early warning system,

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

The German poet Bertolt Brecht, in his wanted to push the development of innovative three other National Labs current R&D play about the life of Galileo Galilei, captured methods and new technologies by advancing activities concentrate on the overarching the turning-point of astronomy in these words: the frontiers of Earth drilling. strategic aims of the research area “Earth “I tell you, astronomers did not progress for Out of this effort came Germany’s first and Environment” which due to the climate a thousand years because they did not have a “big research project” in the geosciences, the discussion has received a high political telescope.” In geology, scientific drilling has KTB. The KTB achieved all major goals and priority in my country. By linking the Earth become our “telescope”. The turning-point it greatly enhanced our knowledge on the observation activities and competences of in our science was the proof of the Seafloor makeup and functioning of the continental these four centres and by integrating the Spreading hypothesis by a series of drillings crust in the sense of System Earth. Its methodological spectrum of all partners, into the ocean floor conducted by the famous integrated scientific and technical approach from remote sensing to process modelling, Glomar Challenger in the early stages of provided a new perspective on the role for we have established a national Research the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Immediately scientific drilling in modern Earth system Network “Integrated Earth Observing after the internationalization of this US- research, its tremendous potential and its System”. Goals of this collaboration, which american program, I got the chance as a formidable challenges as well. I had the has a particular focus on probing System young professor at the University of Karlsruhe good fortune to be intimately involved with Earth from space, are the documentation and to participate in this research frontier of the the KTB program from beginning to end, long-term monitoring of its state as well as Earth Sciences. And it was this experience, as scientific coordinator and director. Like the assessment of fluctuations and changes the intense discussion about science goals, the DSPD to ODP transformation before, and the determination of global, regional drilling targets and site selection as well as the KTB was a national program which then and local trends. The vision is to derive the dependence on and need for appropriate promoted the establishment of an International critical tolerance limits and threshold values technologies, that greatly influenced my later Continental Scientific Drilling Program, the and to quantify the human interference. career. ICDP. This knowledge is critically needed for With the progress of ocean drilling In my country, the success of the orientation and policy recommendations and the confirmation of the theory of plate KTB program and a growing awareness of aimed at the sustainable use of habitat tectonics it soon became evident that we had the importance of geosciences for society Earth, for the sustainable management of to reconsider all our views about the evolution and economy, led to the founding of the its natural resources, and for the protection and dynamics of the continents. Because GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) as of the environment. These are the grand our models on the architecture, properties the German Research Centre for Geosciences. challenges which both the geosciences and the and state of the continental crust at that This was in 1992, shortly after the German society have to cope with in the next decades time were mainly based on surface geology, unification. A major task of the GFZ, from and which require a broad international geophysical deep sounding and laboratory the very beginning, has been to promote cooperation and effort. experiments, “ground truth” was required geoscientific research in Germany through Thank you, Paul, for your citation; I and that could only mean: direct observation development of modern technologies and have profited immensely from our long-term and testing through drilling. In Germany we provision of scientific infrastructure and large- friendship and fruitful collaboration over the began development work in the late 1970s for scale facilities for joint programs in national years. I also wish to extend my sincere thanks the concept of a national Continental Deep and international cooperation. Today, the GFZ to my colleagues and friends Professor Bill Drilling Program. This concept was, for two has, I think, made its mark in international Fyfe and Professor Mark Zoback for their main reasons, from the very beginning centred geosciences as well. continuing support and sage advice on so around a superdeep borehole embedded in a Among the outstanding achievements many occasions. And finally, my thanks to large-scale R&D program: First, we wanted of the GFZ is the realization of the the Geological Society of America for this to obtain fundamental data on the crustal concept of dedicated “Low Earth Orbiting distinction. stress field by drilling down to the present Satellites”. In close collaboration with day brittle-ductile transition; and second, we the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

G.K. Gilbert Award The scientific achievements from the of the next generation of scientists. Ladies TES experiment are too numerous to list here, and gentlemen, I am honored to present the Presented to Philip R. Christensen but we can highlight one that stands apart 2008 recipient of the G. K. Gilbert Award from all the others, and which was critically by the Planetary Geology Division of GSA, important for planetary geology, and that Professor Phil Christensen. was the proposed identification of hematite in specific locations on Mars based on TES data. If this hypothesis could be shown to be Response by Philip R. Christensen correct, it would have profound implications Let me begin by expressing how for the history of Mars and the evolution of deeply honored I am to be receiving the its surface. Based on this hypothesis, one of G.K. Gilbert award. When I am asked what the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) sites was it is I do, I always respond by saying that I selected to test the idea and provide “ground am a geologist - not a Mars scientist, or a truth” for the IR remote sensing data. As geophysicist, or an instrument builder - so is well known now, the MER Opportunity receiving this award from the Geological results confirmed the existence of hematite Society of America is truly an honor. I would and, coupled with other observations, have like to specifically thank Ron Greeley and shown the critical role played by water in all those who supported my nomination, and Philip R. Christensen Mars’ surface history. Ron for his very generous introduction. This Arizona State University Allow me to segue into what I believe award is especially meaningful to me because is a unique accomplishment by Phil. During I have long admired G.K. Gilbert and have the operation of TES, he and his technical been intrigued by many of the same scientific and scientific teams developed concepts for questions that he pursued throughout his Citation by Ronald Greeley a “mini-TES,” capable of operating from career. I grew up in the west, having been Mars’ surface to complement observations born in Utah and lived in Kansas and I first met my friend and scientific from orbit, as well as a “next-generation” IR California. Each summer my family would colleague, Phil Christensen, during the instrument, the THEMIS (Thermal Emission drive across the west to visit our scattered Viking mission to Mars in 1976. Those were Imaging System). Mini-TES was proposed relatives, and during those long drives I spent indeed heady times, with the first successful as part of the MER Athena payload, while many hours looking out the window of our landings on the Red Planet, and the successful THEMIS was proposed for the Mars Odyssey car at the mountains and landforms. I didn’t operation of two spacecraft in orbit, with all orbiter. All of these experiments were realize it at the time but I was becoming a four spacecraft operating concurrently. Phil selected for flight, leading to what I believe is geologist. Much like Gilbert, I was fascinated was part of Hugh Kieffer’s Thermal Infrared unprecedented in planetary science by a PI— by the western landscape and wondered at Mapping Spectrometer team, which allowed the operation of four instruments all operating its formation and history. My family liked him not only to hone his skills in the science concurrently: TES on Mars Orbiter, Mini- to explore out of the way places and we of IR remote sensing, but also to learn the TES on Spirit and Opportunity, and THEMIS probably traveled many of the same routes complexities involved with flight-qualified on Mars Odyssey. that Gilbert did, seeing landscapes that have planetary instruments. After coming to Throughout this period of intense not changed much since his time. When I was Arizona State University, Phil was able to instrument development, operation, and data 12 my parents gave me a telescope and, again put those skills to use through his innovative analysis, Phil conducted front-line research like Gilbert, I spent countless hours looking application of the IRTM data to solve some of in terrestrial remote sensing and field work, at the Moon. The only features I could see the mysteries of Mars, as well as to position and trained a cadre of students and post-docs with my small telescope were the craters, and him to propose successfully the Thermal who today are leading planetary scientists. in reading the few books about the geology of Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument for Incredibly, at the same time, Phil and his the Moon I quickly learned of Gilbert’s early the ill-fated Mars Observer (MO) mission. team developed the premier NASA education hypothesis for crater formation and his role Anyone who has suffered a spacecraft and outreach program for Mars, leading to in shaping our understanding of the Moon’s failure can relate to the agony experienced thousands of teachers and students who are history. Finally, like Gilbert I have worked to by Phil and his team during the attempted now better equipped to understand the Red bring quantitative analysis to geology. Hugh insertion of Mars Observer into Mars orbit. Planet and planetary science in general. As Kieffer instilled in me the understanding that The silence was deafening, awaiting the part of this activity, Phil was invited by China in order to study the planets it is necessary never-received signal from MO; later analysis to show-case Mars exploration, representing to make quantitative measurements and indicated that the spacecraft had experienced the first University to do so. Attending by apply quantitative models. Following Hugh’s a catastrophic explosion. Not to be deterred, some thousands of visitors, the exhibit helped inspiration I have spent much of my career Phil worked diligently to build the case for pave the way for China to join the “deep- working to build instruments that give us the a re-flight to achieve the original science space” club for planetary exploration. data we need to advance our knowledge of objectives of the MO mission. Although it In summary, Phil has set the “gold the processes by which planetary surfaces would take three subsequent orbiters to meet standard” for planetary geology through evolve. this overall goal, Phil’s TES experiment was his scientific discoveries, development The past 30 years have been a selected among the first to fly on the highly of successful leading-edge instruments, remarkable period in planetary exploration, successful Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. community service contributions, and training and I consider myself to be very fortunate

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards to have participated in this modern age thank my wife Candace and our kids Kevan investigate Mars in the same way and to the discovery. Throughout these years many and Alexandra who have led me to understand same depth that geologists investigate the people have inspired me, and many more have what is truly important in life. Earth. We are now asking questions about contributed to the results that have defined my One of the greatest pleasures I’ve Mars that are as complex as those that Gilbert career. Hugh Kieffer has played a remarkable had over the past 25 years has been the asked about the American west over 100 years role, from the job he gave me cutting up opportunity to work closely with a remarkable ago. I am extremely proud to have helped Mariner 9 images as an undergraduate, to his group of engineers, including Still Chase and form a new generation of geologists who are mentoring me through graduate school, to his Steve Silverman. This experience has made pressing these questions forward. Their talent willingness to point me in the right direction a deep impression on me about the benefit, and enthusiasm give me great confidence that but let me find my own way as I attempted to and personal enjoyment, that comes when the next 30 years will see an explosion in our build flight hardware. Ron Greeley provided scientists and engineers work closely with a understanding of our solar system and the a wonderful opportunity for me at ASU and shared vision. increasing application of geologic methods I have benefited greatly from his guidance. The future of planetary geology is to planets beyond our own. In closing, let me From Ron I have learned the importance remarkably bright. In my lifetime our say again how honored I am to have received of participating in the exploration process. perception of Mars has changed from a point this award, how rewarded I feel at having had Ray Arvidson, Bruce Jakosky, Rich Zurek, of light in the night sky to a complex planet the opportunity to work with a remarkable Arden Albee, and Mike Malin are among the we are coming to know as well as our own. group of students and young scientists, and many who have inspired and tempered my The images we have of Mars rival the views how excited I am about the future of planetary thinking and provided encouragement and I had out the window of our family car, and geology. stimulation. Finally, I would like to sincerely the data being acquired will allow us to

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Kirk Bryan Award processes. The result is a wonderfully well- of geomorphic processes and does so with documented study of landscape disturbance, leading-edge quantitative analysis of one for Research one that in my experience is unmatched. of the most complete sets of data ever Excellence Jon distinguished between the impacts collected for documenting the effects of major on hydrologic responses of 1) a debris landscape disturbance on water and sediment Presented to Jon J. Major avalanche that buried 60 sq km of valley, transport.” Jon’s research provides “one 2) a lateral volcanic blast that destroyed of the most comprehensive and data-rich 550 sq km of forested terrain and deposited analyses of major landscape disturbance ever (mainly) a sandy tephra with a silt cap, attempted…” 3) debris flows that reamed channels and Jon Major has enjoyed a distinguished deposited decimeters to meters of gravelly career with the USGS, in geomorphology sand, and 4) pumice fallout forming decimeter research, and in the mitigation of volcanic thick gravelly/sand deposits proximal to the flowage hazards. He has published numerous volcano. The spatially complex disturbances high-impact journal articles and important produced a variety of compensating effects USGS publications, and has participated that influenced hydrologic responses. The in many responses to volcanic crises. I disturbances abruptly increased basin am proud of what he has accomplished in sediment supplies and transiently decreased science and public service. I am equally infiltration, increased surface runoff, and proud of his strength of character. At the risk reduced channel roughness. As a result, Jon of embarrassing him, I want to mention one could demonstrate that the sediment yields instance to illustrate the point. In the early Jon J. Major from disturbed watersheds increased initially 1980s, the debris avalanche deposit at Mount U.S. Geological Survey, Vancouver, as much as several hundredfold. He showed St Helens was being studied in unprecedented Washington that sediment transport has been greater and detail by Harry Glicken, under the direction of more persistent from basins having severely the late Dick Fisher of UCSB, and myself. At disturbed channels, than from basins having the same time, Jon was also engaged in thesis mainly disturbed hillslopes. The temporal research, involving lahars on another part of Citation by Barry Voight patterns of posteruption sediment transport the volcano. Many of you know that Harry mainly reflect depletion and isolation of had narrowly missed death in the 1980 Mount It is my very great pleasure today to the primary sources of sediment, but also St. Helens blast, but later lost his life along introduce Jon Major as the recipient of reflect the variations of water discharge. with volcanologists Maurice and Katia Krafft the 2008 Kirk Bryan Award for Research Jon showed that the persistent extraordinary and forty Japanese, from a pyroclastic density Excellence. The award recognizes his sediment yields from much-disturbed channels current at Mount Unzen in Kyushu on 3 June contribution to geomorphology through indicate that the supplies of sediment remain 1991. the publication of the paper, “Posteruption accessible, and will not be exhausted for many Glicken’s 300 page revolutionary thesis suspended sediment transport at Mount St more years and perhaps decades. This result on the debris avalanche remained unpublished. Helens: decadal scale relationships with led Kevin Scott to conclude that, “Jon’s expert Jon Major then sought to remedy this, and landscape adjustments and river discharges”, and devoted analyses are not only a model of on his own time, and borrowing time from which appeared in 2004 in the Journal of scientific endeavor—his body of work on this his own research, he revised Harry’s thesis, Geophysical Research. subject will save lives and public expenditures had all the illustrations and plates redrafted, Jon’s paper addressed the widespread in the future…” and prepared for its publication as a USGS landscape disturbance by the great 1980 I’ll add here just a few other quotations Professional Paper. When the USGS, because eruption at Mount St Helens, which damaged from exceptional scientists to illuminate of a budget crunch, had to relinquish plans or destroyed many tens of thousands of the quality of Jon’s research. From John for the publication, Jon persevered and finally hectares of vegetation, displaced or altered Costa, National Flood Science Coordinator: saw to it that Harry’s thesis was published in several river corridors, and deposited “Jon’s 2004 publication…is a wonderful full, by the Geological Society of Japan. For large volumes of easily erodible sediment example of rigorous interpretation of this achievement, which did much to stimulate on hillslopes and in channels of several the changes, response, and recovery of a debris avalanche research worldwide, Jon watersheds surrounding the volcano. Jon catastrophically disturbed landscape… received no personal credit, and yet he had recognized the exceptional opportunity to I cannot think of another example of sacrificed about a year of his personal and examine the responses of sediment yields documentation of extensive disruption and intellectual pursuits. and peak flows to the abrupt and devastating careful documentation of processes that follow I mention this saga in the citation in the disturbances. He was well aware of the value the landscape response that is as carefully hope it might inspire others to serve science in of a great and sustained compilation of 15 documented and presented as this one.” a similar fashion, should occasion arise, and years of unique hydrologic data, then mainly Jim O’Connor, a former recipient of also because it is a measure of the character collecting dust in USGS archives. Assuming the Kirk Bryan Award (1995), says this: of our Awardee. On the other hand, when it leadership of the geomorphology project, “This paper is a major contribution to the came time for Jon to measure the hydrologic he chose to combine thorough statistical field of geomorphology and Quaternary response of the gigantic debris avalanche evaluation of these rich and unique data with geology. It addresses the fundamental deposit at Mount St Helens, it might also be his own field observations and insights on question of the magnitude and frequency said that Jon was thoroughly prepared.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Jon’s research on landscape disturbance extension, I include Jim O’Connor of the dams impounding large amounts of sediment at Mount St Helens has produced a USGS Oregon Water Science Center, who are removed across the nation. monumental work that advances the science received the award for a paper he completed Although mine is the only name on the of geomorphology, and is eminently worthy of during his tenure as a postdoc at CVO. It paper, this award in spirit recognizes the the Kirk Bryan Award. I am sincerely proud is an honor to work at this institution, and supreme efforts of many others who collected, of Jon, in many ways, and I congratulate a pleasure to work with these and other and in some instances initially analyzed, him on this well-deserved recognition of his colleagues of such high caliber. I thank the the high-quality data upon which the paper groundbreaking achievement. late Dick Janda and John Costa for providing is based—Kurt Spicer, Tom Hale, Dennis my career an unconventional trajectory by Saunders, Randall Dinehart, Dallas Childers, taking a chance and hiring me with only a Rick Kittleson, Karl Lee, Mark Uhrich, Dave Response by Jon J. Major MS degree, and then supporting my pursuit Meyer, and Holly Martinson to name a few. Thank you, Barry, for nominating the of the PhD afterwards. And I appreciate Barry It is said that ideas come and go, but good paper, for your generous citation, and for Voight, Richard Iverson, and Tom Dunne data are immortal. To those hardworking your mentorship. I also wish to express taking me under their wings as a student and colleagues, I offer my sincerest gratitude for my sincerest gratitude to Richard Iverson, providing the occasional kick in the pants. creating immortality. I especially recognize Kevin Scott, John Costa, Jim O’Connor, and This award is also gratifying because the initial data analyses by Randall Dinehart, Tom Dunne for their fervent support of the to me it represents a triumph of what I which served as a launching point for my own nomination, and to the Quaternary Geology will call “small” science within the field of analysis. and Geomorphology (QG&G) Division panel geomorphology—the kind of science that Regarding Barry’s comment about my members for selecting this paper to receive the flourished in Kirk Bryan’s day. This is not to involvement seeing Harry Glicken’s study of Kirk Bryan award. say that collecting and processing sediment the Mount St. Helens debris avalanche come As the QG&G Division secretary, I data over decadal time scales is easy or to fruition, I’ll say that it was simply a way was in the odd position of not only knowing inexpensive—indeed it requires significant for me to honor the memory of a friend. I that this paper had been nominated, but also financial and physical resources, and is the regret that I failed to fulfill Harry’s dream of of serving as the conduit through which all type of work the USGS is uniquely suited getting it published as a USGS Professional the other nominations flowed. You will be to conduct. What I mean is that this was Paper, but I delight that what was published pleased, but not surprised, to know that we a simple, unglamorous, low-profile, small has had such international impact on the fields have very talented members in our discipline, scale project that relied on a foundation of of volcanology and mass movements. Under as several worthy papers were nominated for unparalleled data that was freely available different circumstances perhaps Harry might this award. I was thus extremely surprised, in the public domain, rather than the fruit have received the Kirk Bryan award for that but most delighted, to learn that my paper had of a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional work. been selected for the award. I am honored, “big” science project that is commonly To my wife, Michelle, I offer my but very humbled, to join those who have sought and aggressively funded these deepest appreciation for letting me pursue an previously received this award. I am also days. I am grateful to the managers of the unconventional lifestyle while she leads the acutely aware that this is the 2nd consecutive USGS Volcano Hazards Program for their charge handling our spirited twins. Kirk Bryan award given to a member of appreciation of the significance of long-term In closing, I want to thank Pete Antilla, the current QG&G management board. I sediment data collection and to my past and now retired from the USGS, for asking me a can assure you that this is merely a happy present supervisors for letting me pursue my simple question: after noting that suspended coincidence mdash; board members receive curiosity unabated. This award also shows sediment flux is a double mass problem no advantage in the evaluation process, that volcanology is truly interdisciplinary— he wanted to know whether sediment and awardees certainly need not be board and not simply the bastion of petrologists, concentration or water discharge was the members. seismologists, and geophysicists—and major control on long term trends in sediment Receiving this award is particularly highlights the theme that posteruption flux at Mount St. Helens. Such a simple gratifying for several reasons. This is the geomorphological processes can have more question launched the analysis that culminated 50th time the award has been given. By direct societal impact than an eruption itself, in the paper that is honored today. I also thank my count, 18 of those awards have gone to something that is sometimes overshadowed John Pitlick, Peter Wilcock, and Rob Ferguson USGS scientists, in whole or in part. But within the volcanological community. It also for helping shape the final form of the paper. most noteworthy is the fact that this is the 4th speaks to the need to maintain long-term Finally, to the anonymous reviewer who wrote time in a generation that the award has gone gauging stations throughout the nation, and a particularly scathing review of the original to someone at the USGS Cascades Volcano the need to figure out how to establish viable, manuscript, I hope you found something Observatory (CVO)—where awardees long-term sediment measuring programs—a positive to take away from the published Richard Iverson, Kevin Scott, and Richard need that may increase in importance as, for paper. Thank you, GSA and QG&G for this Waitt reside—or perhaps the 5th time if, by example, more and more moderate to large wonderful honor.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Laurence L. Sloss Accordingly, he has variously employed, end of my first dissertation field season. My through development of new personal skills advisor Lee Suttner had been unable to attend Award or through collaboration, a wide variety of the meeting, so he kindly asked me to give Presented to Peter G. DeCelles investigative methodologies that go well his presentation. The talk was a sweeping beyond the ‘normal’ sedimentary approaches synthesis of the Montana Cretaceous foreland of facies analysis and sedimentary petrology, system, so I was forced to learn Lee’s broader including light stable isotope geochemistry, view; at the same time I could pretend that detrital grain geochronology, structural I had somehow been partly responsible geology, and paleomagnetism. In the course for the content of the presentation. Larry of his general studies of foreland systems, undoubtedly saw through my thinly veiled Pete has contributed to development of delivery, but still made a point of striking up methodologies in sedimentary geology a conversation afterward, highlighting for ranging in scale from measurements of cross- me the importance of reactivation of ancient bedding in outcrop, to linked sedimentary- basement structures in the Montana foreland. structural response in creation of retro- Having been trained as an undergraduate by deformable balanced structure sections. Ray Gutschick, I knew who Larry was, and In addition to these readily identifiable, was astonished that a person of his stature direct contributions to sedimentary geology, would bother to talk with me. Peter DeCelles has made and continues to That, and the two summers that make an even more important contribution followed, were a magical time for me Peter G. DeCelles University of Arizona to the future of the science in the legacy as I scoured the countryside of western of graduate advisees advanced to the Montana for outcrops and burrowed professoriate. His former students occupy into the then-burgeoning literature on faculty positions in sedimentary geology fluvial sedimentology. What made that at colleges and universities across the U.S. time so exciting were the breakthroughs Citation by Stephan A. Graham and internationally, including a number of resulting from cross-pollination between Dr. Peter DeCelles is imbued with the prestigious institutions. These former students geomorphologists and ‘hard-rock’ same passion for regional- to sub-global will impart the DeCelles rigor and work ethic sedimentologists, linking processes with scale sedimentary geology as was Larry (integrated with their own personal styles) preservation. It seemed obvious that the Sloss, and is richly deserving of the award to successive generations of sedimentary only way to go in geology was to cross named in his honor. Consistent with the geology students. train. Throughout my graduate school years, Sloss legacy, an overarching aspect of Many career awards are made I was encouraged to transgress discipline Pete’s career is his ever-broadening view retrospectively. In Peter DeCelles’ case, boundaries by my teachers at Indiana of sedimentary systems as he focuses on it is appropriate to recognize his past University—mainly Lee, Enrique Merino, important problems in earth sciences, such as contributions, but in fact, his career Abhijit “Indiana” Basu, and Gordon Fraser. the origins and evolution of orogenic plateaus contributions are notably forward-looking. Working with Bob Schwartz in the field as reflected in the sedimentary record. Most sedimentary geologists realize that was a non-stop intellectual adventure. A Pete is especially identified with his major an important future path for our science chance meeting with Steve Graham and contributions to regional sedimentary geology lies in better understanding the linkages Ray Ingersoll in 1983, again in Montana, and sedimentary tectonics in western North between sediment production, transport landed me a postdoc at Stanford with Steve America, southern Asia, and Andean South and sedimentation, and the rest of the earth and provided the opportunity to learn about America. These geographic concentrations system. Peter DeCelles’ career contributions California tectonics and basins. A couple reflect Pete’s career focus on foreland basin provide a wonderful example for young years later, Asish Basu hired me at Rochester and fold-thrust systems (although he also has sedimentary geologists of how to view and began to gently nudge me toward worked in rift and strike-slip basin systems). sedimentary systems in a larger earth context. recognition that isotope geochemistry was For a broad group of geoscientists, including He is an exemplary recipient of the Sloss something in which I could actually get structural geologists/tectonicians, Pete’s Award. involved, despite being a self-proclaimed name is synonymous with foreland systems. field sedimentologist. At the same time Gautam Mitra and his graduate students took Viewed either topically or geographically, it Response by Peter G. DeCelles is impossible to conduct a literature search me under their collective wing and started to on foreland basins of South America, western I am thankful to the Geological Society teach me the wonders of thrust belt geology. North America or southern Asia without of America and to my colleagues and peers A few years after starting at Rochester, encountering the name of Peter DeCelles. for this recognition, which I feel so fortunate my wife Jill informed me that we were going His studies in Asia, in particular, have to receive, and to you Steve, for this kind and to live in Italy for a year, so I had better find a holistic feel to them. In that work, he has generous citation. something to work on over there. Fortunately, explored the linkages between deep crustal My story is one of teachers and my old friend William Cavazza was there processes; upper crustal structure; surface collaborators who have guided me and with open arms to instruct me in the proper uplift, geomorphology and elevation; opened doors to new problems and Italian manner of doing fieldwork on a weathering processes and products; opportunities. I met Larry Sloss at a field variety of remarkable Mediterranean-style denudation and sediment accumulation. conference in Montana back in 1981, at the tectonics problems.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

By the time I arrived in Tucson in 1993 well as fascinating questions. Bill Dickinson the appalling lack of attention they receive I was anxious to get involved in some of the has provided consistent encouragement and from me. The most valuable lessons have numerous strands of tectonics-related research healthy skepticism throughout my career, come from my family—Paul and Jeanne, going on in the Geosciences department. virtually from the time I tracked him down Jill, Naomi and Clare—and I thank them for Jay Quade, George Gehrels, Bob Butler, in a restroom at the IU field station in 1979 their long-suffering patience with my lengthy Jon Patchett and Paul Kapp have been until today. At both Arizona and Rochester I absences in far-flung places. particularly instrumental in involving me in have been blessed with gifted, hard-working To all these people, and the many more diverse projects around the world, opening graduate students who stubbornly retain me who I cannot thank individually in such a my eyes to all sorts of new approaches as as their undeserving Ph.D. advisor in spite of short space, I say thank you.

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards

Structural describe other styles of fault-related folding. John’s development of, and While many scientists have made important contributions to, the science of fault-related Geology & contributions to this subject, there should folding clearly amounts to a stellar career Tectonics be no doubt that John’s pioneering work is accomplishment; however, it is important to responsible for defining and inspiring this note that he has made many other important Division Career field. Based on a Science Citation Index contributions to related fields of science. Search of fault-bend, fault-propagation, and These include defining the state of stress Contribution fault-related folding yields well more than acting on the San Andreas fault using bore- Award one hundred works since the 1983, when hole breakout data, which is the basis for John’s initial paper was published, and none the weak-fault hypothesis, and helping to Presented to John Suppe before. decipher the tectonics of the active Taiwan Fault-related folding theories naturally orogen. In this latter work with colleague expanded through their applications to the Tony Dahlen and students, John helped regional structural geology of orogenic developed a new quantitative description margins throughout the world. Inspired by of how mountain belts such as Taiwan, and collaborations with the petroleum industry, large thrust sheets that underlie them, form. John soon began investigating structures The theory of critical taper wedge mechanics throughout the world using various types of describes how fold-and-thrust belts behave subsurface data, including seismic reflection much like soil pushed in advance of a profiles. Working with seismic reflection bulldozer, deforming internally until a critical data in offshore regions, John recognized shape, or taper, is achieved and then sliding how syntectonic sedimentary deposits were stably until more material is added to or deformed by these structures into unique and removed from the wedge. The theory invokes revealing patterns that record the kinematics brittle deformation mechanisms to relate the of folding much as magnetic anomalies taper of the fold belt to its internal strength record the process of sea-floor spreading. and that of its basal detachment, and has John Suppe John then expanded his theories to describe proven widely successful in explaining the The National Taiwan University folding of syntectonic growth deposits, again mechanics of both active and passive margins defining a major theme of research in this fold belts. This remains an active area of field which focuses on using growth strata to research for John, and he will undoubtedly infer fault-related folding mechanisms as well continue to provide us with exciting new as to determine rates of folding and faulting. insights. Citation by John H. Shaw Collectively, these expanded growth Finally, it cannot be said that John’s John Suppe is a preeminent scholar fault-related folding theories have become research has been provincial, in the spirit and teacher of structural geology, who has widely used, both in academic and applied of the classical geologists who spent their profoundly influenced our understanding fields. In particular, John’s methods are now careers working on the rocks and structures of deformation in the Earth’s crust. He is regularly applied in the analysis of oil and of a given region. Rather, he and his students perhaps most renowned for his pioneering gas prospects, and have contributed to the have consistently sought the best datasets to work on fault-related folding, a broad family discovery of major fields in several of the solve fundamental challenges in our science of concepts and theories that quantitatively world’s most petrolific basins. Moreover, regardless of geography. A case in point is relate the growth of the two main classes of fault-related folding techniques have proven the body of work by John and his students structures in the brittle crust - folds and faults. well suited to investigating active faulting investigating structural styles and patterns Building on his training and experience as and folding, providing means to define of deformation on Venus—using synthetic a field geologist working in California and the subsurface positions, geometries and aperture radar (SAR) data and altimetry Taiwan, John recognized that the positions displacements of faults that are capable of collected by the Magellan mission to define and geometries of folds in sedimentary strata generating destructive earthquakes. John patters of stress and deformation that reflect a were closely and predictably related to the defined the geometry of the Chenglupu system of plate interactions very distinct from shapes and displacements of underlying fault in Taiwan more than 25 years before plate tectonics on the Earth. faults. John formulated an elegant theory, it ruptured in the 1999 (Mw 7.6) Chi Chi As an educator, John’s career based on simple physical principals, that earthquake, and similar efforts have helped accomplishments include publication of quantitatively related these structural forms. define active faults in southern California, his influential undergraduate textbook— In his Landmark 1983 paper, “Fault-bend including major blind thrust faults beneath Principals of Structural Geology. The book folding,” John presented a formulation of Los Angeles. Insights from these studies have has been widely used as an undergraduate these theories that allowed use of fold shape lead to a redefinition of seismic hazards in text, and a brief review of similar texts to predict fault shape and displacement. This southern California, influencing how building published before and since reveals how theory rapidly became a standard approach codes are defined and emergency responses influential John’s approach to the topic has for generating balanced geological cross are planned. Few research topics in geology been. Over his distinguished career, John sections in fold-and-thrust belts, and further have proven to have so significant a financial has also served as a mentor to lineage of sparked a field of structural geology dedicated and social impact. successful graduate students, who now hold to developing quantitative theories that distinguished positions in academia and

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards industry, and has contributed through service resources in ways that don’t make us personal their importance and likelihood to succeed. to Princeton University, the National Taiwan enemies. So when I say that John’s recounting I remember arguing about this. But as I look University, and the broader field of structural of various research contributions caused me back on my career, I have to admit that I geology through his guidance and leadership. to remember people, most of these memories blindly stumbled upon nearly all the important Based on this tremendous body of work are fond memories, but a few are painful and things I have discovered. I certainly did not and service, John Suppe is most worthy of the even embarrassing memories. But hopefully set out to make any of these discoveries—they GSA Career Contribution Award recognizing my enemies and I have patched things up just plopped down in front of me like “Pennies his tremendous career contributions to the by now and are becoming fast friends again, from Heaven.” I literally tripped over them. field of structural geology and tectonics. because truly one of the great delights of a So I’ve come around to think that there are career is the ongoing friendships spanning some fairly basic truths underlying Hess’s decades and spanning the entire globe. We research strategy. But I still wouldn’t choose Response by John Suppe really have a great racket in structural geology field areas at random, just like I wouldn’t drill Thank you John for your gracious words. and tectonics. wildcat wells at random. Actually, when I read your citation a few My second impression is more elaborate The fundamental reason I think Hess was weeks ago, it brought to my mind several and will actually take the remainder of my right is that the Universe is very rich and it impressions. I would like to share these with time to sketch out. John’s citation, and the has many fascinating surprises that are largely you all, if you will indulge me. science he describes, for some reason made unanticipated. Now this is a controversial My first impression was that when John me think of Harry Hess. Now I imagine that idea. For example there was a book “The End mentioned various research contributions, some of the younger people here tonight of Science” written a dozen years ago by the what popped into my mind wasn’t the science might not know of Harry Hess—after all, even journalist, John Horgan, who argued, based at all, but various people I know—former very great fame is actually quite ephemeral. on his rather strange personal philosophy students, postdocs, collaborators in these Hess was a professor at Princeton and a very plus interviews of well known scientists, that projects, and other contributors to these fields. famous and influential guy fifty years ago. science is getting mined out, that most of the Of course science is people—all our structural He was famous long before he made his best big discoveries have already been made. This geology and tectonics is done together, we’re known contribution, which was the idea of is actually a fairly light-weight book, but it an intellectual and social community. This is sea-floor spreading. The only time I ever met is a serious discussion. A more substantial true even if we publish single-author papers, Hess was when I was an undergraduate at analysis comes from Nicholas Rescher, who because science is fundamentally discovering, UC Riverside in the early 60s and some of us is a well-known philosopher at Pittsburgh and communicating and testing ideas about the drove to Pasadena to hear him give a talk at an amazingly prolific guy, having published universe in public community discourse. Caltech. By the time I arrived on the faculty over a hundred books. Rescher argues that Sociologists of science like Bruno Latour at Princeton in the early 70s, Hess had already the Universe is intrinsically very rich with understand this very well. So if we somehow died, quite suddenly of a heart attack. In those things to discover, providing essentially no did our research in secret and we didn’t share days people who had known Hess were full of practical limit to science. I’m not sure I buy it with the community, then it wouldn’t be Harry Hess stories—it was very clear that he his full argument, but my limited experience science. It would be research but it wouldn’t had made profound and diverse impressions is that the universe of structural geology and be science, because it wouldn’t lead to on many people. Some of the stories were tectonics is very rich. robustly tested knowledge and it wouldn’t be very funny; Hess was colorful. But it is also true that science is like available for use by other researchers to fuel But the story that made the biggest mining. Once discoveries are made you the growth in public knowledge. impression on me concerns his Caribbean can’t make them a second time. And areas But this public community of scientific Research Project and how he assigned of science clearly get mined out and are discourse, if we are honest, isn’t an idyllic students their PhD projects. It seems that left behind as people move on to new rich utopian community—for a number of reasons. Hess would give each student a quadrangle opportunities. Subdisciplines in science For example, one weakness in structural to map—many of them were in northern typically last for less than a scientific career. geology and tectonics is that a lot of the Venezuela—and it didn’t seem to matter what We need to move on if we aren’t going to research is secret industrial research—which the geology was. It could be all alluvium or inhabit scientific ghost towns well before we doesn’t lead efficiently to growth in robust all granite for all he cared. He figured that if reach the ends of our careers. I remember that public knowledge. This holds us back and you mapped your quadrangle and you wrote immediately after I defended my PhD at Yale, it’s not going to change. So we have to make your thesis, you got your PhD. But he was my advisor John Rodgers took me aside and the best of this, and actually working with also very confident that the better students told me that it was OK to keep working for industry can be very fruitful. Another reason would find important science to study in while on my line of thesis research, which science isn’t idyllic is that we can very their quadrangle. And some of the students was the Franciscan terrain in California, but I easily get into serious conflicts that are not clearly did just that—for example one of the shouldn’t keep working on the same mountain just scientific disagreements. We don’t just better ones was Ron Oxburgh, who later was belt for my whole career. Rodgers’ advice was disagree with each other; we make serious knighted to become Sir Ronald and is now very good advice. personal enemies. I know this because I’ve Baron Oxburgh. It seems that Hess had the So we need to ask ourselves, are we done it—and I think that this is true of confidence that you could plop down anyplace miners or are we prospectors? Both are good everyone who stands up here to receive such on Earth and there would always be something ways to make a living; each suits different career awards. But this isn’t the way it’s fascinating and fundamental to discover. personalities. But if we are miners we need to supposed to be. We need to be able to have Now when I heard this story about Hess ask ourselves, when is it time to move on to strong-minded scientific disagreements and it sounded completely preposterous. It seemed some richer mines? And if we are prospectors, we need to be able to compete for scientific to me that you should choose projects for how do we discover new fields, new sub-

The Geological Society of America 2008 Medals & Awards disciplines, that would be exciting to mine? have immediately gone out and studied the experienced tectonicists to understand such People who get career awards and people present, but I didn’t—essentially nobody was data, people who understand outcrop geology, who get elected to the National Academy studying active tectonics in those days, even who think about processes, and who think or receive Nobel prizes and other awards in southern California where I was a student. palinspastically and historically. are largely people who have discovered People thought of orogeny as something Finally, it’s often useful to think of new disciplines, subdisciplines, or in my in the past. For example, they thought the new research interfaces. Try looking for case sub-subdisciplines. They are basically Transverse Ranges behind Los Angeles separate disciplines or subdisciplines that prospectors who have found rich new mines formed back in the Pleistocene in what Hans can be fruitfully brought together. For for all of us to work at mining out. This sort Stille called the Pasadenan orogeny. But today example, I’ve been interested in the interface of entrepreneurial effort is really needed to we realize that the Pasadenan orogeny is between crustal earthquake seismology and make our science move forward—just like going on full force, and we can study it with structural geology. This is a very natural entrepreneurs are needed keep the economy a diverse set of tools. Similarly when I first marriage of fields in principle because upper- moving forward and to provide new jobs. came to the Taiwan in the mid-70s people crustal deformation is dominated by slip In my career I’ve done a lot of mining, thought it had formed in the Plio-Pleistocene in earthquakes. This is a field that is really but I’ve also done some prospecting and I’ve Penglai orogeny—but now it’s obvious that starting to move in a number of fruitful even stumbled upon a few new intellectual the Penglai orogeny is going on full force directions. Similarly when I was Chair at mineral deposits. So let’s ask ourselves, today and that it’s an incredibly fruitful thing Princeton I became convinced that research “What will increase my odds of stumbling to study. It was in Taiwan that I started to be at the interface between low-temperature upon a new subdiscipline?” That’s worth somewhat contrarian, working more and more geochemistry, microbiology and molecular thinking about. I actually think that Harry on things that weren’t popular, like active biology was really ripe for progress. So we Hess’s strategy of assigning every graduate tectonics. Being a little contrarian is actually started to hire faculty in this area and it has student a random quadrangle to map is OK, a lot of fun and it makes it fairly easy to been enormously fruitful. but I don’t think it’s the best way to increase stumble onto new discoveries. I should wrap this up by saying that your odds of discovery. Let me share a few The most important ingredient of thinking about what makes our science research strategies that have been fruitful in discovery is probably rich unstudied data. successful at moving into new fields is very my career. Ground-breaking discovery often requires rich important. That’s what ultimately leads to The first one sounds crazy. It goes like data and new technology—the astronomers new subdisciplines and new excitement. It this. When you are starting out in what is understand this very well. I’ve often been provides exciting research opportunities and for you a new area of research, don’t read attracted to rich unstudied data. When I indeed fruitful employment for ourselves, our the literature. Avoid reading the literature as started to realize that petroleum companies students and our colleagues. much as you possibly can. Often new graduate had excellent data that academic structural Finally, I would like to thank all those, students want to carefully read all the relevant geologists weren’t working on, it was fairly like John Shaw and all my former students, papers before they start their research. That easy to stumble onto new insights. This is postdocs and collaborators, and my fellow can poison your mind because you will very what fueled the discoveries in fault-related structural geologists like Eric Erslev, who likely end up falling into intellectual ruts. folding, growth strata and borehole stresses. have shared this with me. It’s a fun career It keeps you from coming up with fresh And I’ve recently moved back to Taiwan in with a lot of great people. Take a look at perspectives. But once you come up with part because it has become one of the best- our new web pages at the National Taiwan some ideas, then you need to get in and instrumented mountain belts in the world. One University to see many of my current and wrestle with the literature. kind of data I’m really excited about right now former students and friends and what’s going My next advice is this. Consider being is new very high-resolution crustal and upper on in Taiwan (http://suppelab.gl.ntu.edu.tw/). somewhat contrarian, in the investment sense mantle tomography under Taiwan produced We have a growing international research of the word. That is, try working on some by my colleague Yih-Min Wu—this is giving group and Taipei is a fun city with great food. research projects in areas that aren’t popular, us an amazingly detailed 3D image of what’s And finally I want to sincerely thank all of that other people aren’t working on. For happening under Taiwan. For example, you you in the Structural Geology and Tectonics example when I was an undergraduate we see ribbons of crust extending down into Division of the GSA. And sincere thanks to were all taught the uniformaterian slogan, the mantle under Taiwan. We are probably Eric Erslev and John Platt, and to John Shaw “The present is the key to the past.” If I had seeing ultra-high pressure metamorphism and others who nominated me for this award. been really smart as a young man I would taking place today. And it really takes

The Geological Society of America