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3.0 Hailsham West

3.1 Context

Location

3.1.1 The Hailsham West sub-area extends from the A22, which forms the eastern edge, across the Cuckmere valley, to reach Coldharbour Road, and Upper Dicker to the west. To the south the area is bounded by an extensive block of woodland comprising Gillridge Wood, Robin Post Wood and to the north it meets the settlement of Lower Dicker close to the Boship Roundabout. It incorporates a cluster of sites along and close to Arlington Road West and a series of sites which adjoin the A22. Eighteen sites were assessed within this sub-area. (Refer to Figure 3.1 for location of sites).

Landscape Character Context

3.1.2 At the county level of landscape character assessment, the Hailsham West area comprises part of the Eastern Low Weald Landscape Character Area (LCA). Refer to Figure 2.1 for County Landscape Character Context. This area is briefly summarised below with the characteristics of particular relevance to this sub-area underlined for emphasis. The summary is taken from the East Sussex County Landscape Assessment1:

3.1.3 The Eastern Low Weald county LCA is summarised as:

This area is more open and exposed than the western low weald, with many more flat, treeless areas. It contains the large woodland areas of Abbot’s and Vert Woods, which are mainly conifer plantations. Running from Ringmer in the west (outside Wealden District) to Polegate in the east the area contains the upper River Cuckmere and Arlington Reservoir.

The key characteristics are described as:

• Significant areas of flat, nearly treeless country with remote windswept feel. • A greater area (15%) is under woodland than in the Western Low Weald but, by contrast, nearly all of this is in large blocks over 2 Ha. • About half the woodland is coniferous. • Hedges and hedgerow trees are slightly less abundant, and trees are often small and wind-bent • Ancient pathways cross the area, including ancient Drove roads running North and South across the Low Weald • Fine, open views of the Downs • Small, remote and largely unspoiled rural villages • Historic designed landscapes and parkland • Small, winding, partly tree-lined streams, notably the River Cuckmere, but also many artificial, straightened drains and channels

3.1.4 Most of these characteristics e.g. ‘flat, nearly treeless country with remote windswept feel ’ and ‘and fine open views of the Downs ‘ are more typical of the landscape to the south and west of the Eastern Low Weald than of the area around Hailsham West.

3.1.5 At the local level of landscape character assessment, the sites all fall under one Local Landscape Character Type: Wooded Clay Vales LLCT. Within this, two Local Landscape

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Character Areas (LLCA) are relevant D6: Upper Dicker and D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood (refer to Figure 3.2).

3.1.6 The key characteristics of the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT are:

A flat to gently rolling landscape of clay vales with a small-scale patchwork of arable and pastoral fields, interspersed with small areas of woodland (much of which is Ancient Woodland). Settlement is dispersed with a small-scale pattern of rural hamlets, villages and farmsteads which tend to be located along the network of minor roads that cross this predominantly rural landscape.

A network of footpaths connects these settlements to their landscape settings. In contrast, the A22 main road corridor runs east –west across the northern part of the LLCT and also forms part of its eastern boundary. There is a strong landscape structure arising from the network of mature hedgerows and tree lines and a strong historic continuity with many ancient field patterns apparent and several areas of Ancient Woodland.

Overall, the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT is assessed in the Wealden Landscape and Settlement Character Assessment (2014) as having High Landscape Sensitivity and High Landscape Value.

3.1.7 LLCA D6: Upper Dicker is located in the southern part of the Wooded Clay Vales. Key characteristics of the D6: Upper Dicker LLCA are described below with those characteristics which are particularly evident in the Hailsham West sub-area underlined for emphasis:

• This LLCA encompasses a radial network of minor rural corridors which converge at the village of Upper Dicker in the centre of the area. • There is a strong sense of remoteness and tranquillity throughout much of the area, which comprises a relatively small-scale patchwork of arable and pastoral fields. • There is strong historic continuity within this area, evidenced by the ancient field pattern and the remains of Michelham Priory to the southeast of Upper Dicker, in the east of the area. • The gently meandering corridor of the River Cuckmere is a key landscape feature within the east. • Views southeast from the eastern part of the area are enclosed by mature woodland within Wilmington and Abbot’s Wood (LLCA D7). • There is a mature landscape structure of hedgerows and trees throughout.

3.1.8 LLCA D6: Upper Dicker covers four sites in the north-eastern section of Hailsham West (sites 825/1310, 751/1310, 862/1310 and 887/1310). They are generally representative of the LCA and are clustered in the western edge of the LCA, where the presence of the River Cuckmere and the backdrop of Wilmington Wood are dominant features. Other notable characteristics within this area are its very dispersed settlement pattern, its sense of remoteness and tranquillity particularly along the corridor of the River Cuckmere and the presence of long distance views towards the South Downs (particularly from the higher areas).

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Photo 3.1 – The meandering River Cuckmere is a key feature in the LLCA D6: Upper Dicker.

Photo location: View along the River Cuckmere within site 825/1310 (Land at West Hailsham)

Photo 3.2 – Views across the Cuckmere Valley have a strong sense of remoteness and tranquillity

Photo location: View west from the Wealdway PRoW across site 825/1310 (Land at West Hailsham)

3.1.9 LLCA D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood is located in the south-eastern most part of the Wooded Clay Vales area. Key characteristics of the D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood LLCA are described below with those characteristics which are particularly evident in the Hailsham West sub-area underlined for emphasis:

• There is a strong sense of enclosure within this LLCA, which encompasses mature woodland within Wilmington Wood and Abbots Wood • There are no road corridors running through the woodland, however the Robin Post Lane track/bridleway provides access north-south

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• This LLCA forms a wooded backdrop to views from surrounding LLCAs and also from the southern edges of the town of Hailsham • The A22 main road corridor runs north-south along the eastern edge of the area, introducing a source of noise and movement • To the north and east of the woodland, an ancient field pattern of small-scale, predominantly pastoral fields is apparent

3.1.10 The D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood LLCA includes fourteen of the assessed sites (237/1310, 775/110, 692/1310, 843/1310, 860/1310, 873/1310, 842/1310, 866/1310, 868/1310, 044/1310, 857/1310, 859/1310, 839/1310 and 844/1310). These sites are highly representative of the LLCA with the surrounding woodlands providing a strong sense of enclosure and a distinct field pattern of small-scale pastoral fields. The A22 is also a dominant feature, particularly along the eastern edge of the area.

Photo 3.3 – Blocks of Ancient Woodland give the Wooded Clay Vales a strong sense of enclosure

Photo location: View across site 859/1310 (2 Highlands Farm Cottages)

Existing Settlement Pattern

3.1.11 The existing settlement pattern in Hailsham West is limited and is focussed on the three roads that extend through or adjacent to Hailsham West: Arlington Road West, which extends through the southern part of the sub-area in an east-west direction; Hempstead Lane which extends through the middle of the sub-area in a north to south direction; and Coldharbour Road which is parallel with Hempstead Lane on the north side of the River Cuckmere. All three roads meet the A22.

3.1.12 The oldest properties (several of which are Listed Buildings e.g. Bourne Farmhouse, Stanarsh Farm Cottage, Knightsacre and Hatches Farmhouse (all grade II)) are concentrated along Coldharbour Road and a further group of Listed Buildings is focussed around Michelham Priory to the south (Grade I and II buildings and Scheduled Monument).

3.1.13 The northern most part of Hempstead Lane near the A22 features a short stretch of large detached properties which are set back from the road in generous plots and back onto Tile Hurst Wood. A succession of long thin plots line the eastern side of Hempstead Lane, containing properties that are set back from the road at some distance. The road maintains an informal country lane character throughout with hedgerow planting and grass verges.

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3.1.14 Arlington Road West features a small scattering of farmhouses and residential properties focussed at the eastern edge near the A22. This road is wider than Hempstead Lane and has higher flows of faster moving traffic. Consequently, it is more urban in character.

3.1.15 Set back from the roads, the area is dominated by woodland (much of which is Ancient and Replanted Semi-natural Woodland). Tile Hurst Wood is located to the north, while the extensive Wilmington Wood and Abbots Wood extend to the south. Pasture, paddocks and scattered farmsteads are also dominant land uses and nestled amongst the woodland in the centre of the area is a series of outdoor recreational facilities including a dry ski centre, Knockhatch Adventure Park, Campsite, Mountain Board Centre and a stadium for drag racing.

3.1.16 Overall, the area has a low density of settlement which contrasts with the dense urban area of Hailsham to the east. The A22 currently forms a strong boundary between the settlement of Hailsham to the east and the open countryside to the west and there is little visual or physical connectivity between the two areas due to both the road and the presence of Tile Hurst wood.

Photo 3.4 : Tile Hurst Wood and the A22 together form a strong sense of separation between the urban area of Hailsham and the open countryside to the west

Photo location: View along A22 close to junction with Hempstead Lane

Visual Context

3.1.17 The southern part of the Hailsham West sub-area is strongly enclosed by blocks of existing mature woodland including Wilmington Wood and Tile Hurst wood. This woodland provides substantial screening of most of the sites within the sub-area to the south of Hempstead Lane (sites 237/1310, 775/110, 692/1310, 843/1310, 860/1310, 873/1310, 842/1310, 866/1310, 868/1310, 044/1310, 857/1310, 859/1310, 839/1310 and 844/1310). Consequently, visibility of these sites from the local surrounding area is limited and there are few long distance views out from these sites to the wider area.

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Photo 3.5 – Mature woodland blocks screen many sites from the surrounding area

Photo location: View across site 857/1310 towards Bushy Wood

3.1.18 The four sites north of Hempstead Lane (sites 825/1310, 751/1310, 862/1310 and 887/1310) are within a more open area and are therefore more visible from the wider area. There are views across these sites from the A22, Coldharbour Road and Hempstead Lane as they pass the site and from The Wealdway PRoW recreational route which passes through site 825/1310. From within these sites there are also long distance views south towards the South Downs National Park and north towards the High Weald AONB together with shorter distance views across and along the Cuckmere Valley. From elevated viewpoints within the South Downs National Park these four sites form part of the distant panoramic views northwards towards the High Weald. However the sites are very distant (c. 7km away) and are not individually identifiable in these views.

Photo 3.6 – Long distance views towards the South Downs are afforded from within the Cuckmere Valley

Photo location: View south from within site 825/1310 (Land at West Hailsham)

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Green Infrastructure Context

Accessible Natural Greenspace

3.1.19 Accessible natural greenspace has been considered and evaluated in a separate report produced by Chris Blandford Associates (CBA 2016 Wealden Green Infrastructure Study). The CBA study identifies the key Green Infrastructure (GI) links in terms of movement of people through the landscape and also identifies a number of areas of GI deficit, these mainly being associated with the existing urban areas of Polegate and Hailsham. The CBA report also identifies a number of Green Infrastructure opportunities and these are considered further in the context of the Hailsham West sub-area below.

PRoW

3.1.20 A number of PRoWs cross the Hailsham West sub-area including the Wealdway long distance recreational route which extends along the Cuckmere Valley forming a route between the South Downs in the south and the High Weald AONB in the north. Several other public footpaths cross the area providing routes between Tile Hurst wood and the Wilmington Wood area. Figure 3.6 illustrates the location and reference name for all the PRoW within the sub- area.

Strategic infrastructure context

3.1.21 The Hailsham West sub-area encompasses a section of the Cuckmere Valley Strategic Green Corridor (7) identified by CBA, which is considered a priority area with key opportunities for strategic GI enhancement, linkage and creation.

3.1.22 The High and Low Weald Strategic Green Access Link (C) and the Pevensey Levels to South Downs Strategic Green Access Link (E) also pass through the sub-area. Strategic Green Access Links connect communities and businesses within Hailsham and Polegate, and in the surrounding villages to local leisure opportunities/destinations, greenspaces and public transport services.

3.1.23 At a more local scale, a network of Local Green Links connects the Hailsham Urban Green Grid to the Strategic Green Access Links, Green Infrastructure and Blue Infrastructure within the countryside in and around the towns. This network includes local GI linkages connecting the town centres with open spaces throughout the built-up areas and in the surrounding countryside. The Hailsham West sub-area encompasses several Local Green Links which run from Hailsham into the countryside to the west and southwest of the town. Further information is provided in the 2016 Wealden Green Infrastructure Study.

Green Infrastructure

3.1.24 Figure 3.3a shows the Green Infrastructure of the sub-area, which is dominated by the large tract of woodland of the Wilmington Wood complex in the south and ‘outliers’ of smaller woodland areas which once formed part of the Wilmington Wood complex but have since been severed by agricultural clearance and housing development.

3.1.25 The local ‘Blue Infrastructure’ in the form of the Cuckmere River and its tributary streams described below also forms an extremely important part of the local ‘Green Infrastructure’.

3.1.26 In terms of Green Infrastructure, the allocation sites fall into two categories. Site 825/1310 encompasses a large part of the floodplain, and whilst this site features some well-grown, mature hedgerows and occasional small woodland, the Green Infrastructure is predominantly formed by trees and scrub along the line of the watercourse.

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3.1.27 The remaining sites all either directly abut or lie very close to woodland, as at 887/1310 and 842/1310 or are set actually within it as at 775/1310 and this part of the subarea is dominated by the strong southwest-northeast corridor of vegetation formed by the Wilmington Wood complex, Tile Hurst, Bramble Grove and Bushy Wood. A series of strong southwest-northeast hedgerow linkages are also present, for example running along Hempstead Lane, which becomes a green lane before intersecting with Bramble Grove.

3.1.28 A key aim of Green Infrastructure enhancement in this part of the sub-area should be to increase connectivity between the disparate woodland components and extend these woodlands so as to recreate, at least in part, the formerly much more extensive woodland which was once such a dominant feature of the sub-area.

Blue Infrastructure

3.1.29 Blue Infrastructure, which comprises undeveloped areas of floodplain which typically have a pastoral character and often feature semi-improved grassland, wet woodland and marsh grassland, forms a very important component part of the local ‘Green Infrastructure’. Blue Infrastructure provides both a corridor of movement, particularly for species such as bats, which navigate through the landscape using features such as watercourses and hedgerows and aquatic mammals (otter and water vole). It also provides a valuable foraging resource for a wide range of animal species, including amphibians, certain species of reptile, and most species of bat. Floodplain and riparian habitats may also support notable plant species and wetland invertebrates.

3.1.30 Figure 3.3b shows the Blue Infrastructure Context of the sub-area and the relationship between areas of floodplain (as defined by Environment Agency mapping of Zones 2 and 3), watercourses, and waterbodies such as ponds and lakes as taken from Ordnance Survey 1:25,000. (It should be noted that this map series under-estimates the number of ponds: some further small ponds may also be present). The relationship between the sites assessed and Blue Infrastructure features can clearly be seen.

3.1.31 The Hailsham West sub-area encompasses the Cuckmere River and its various feeder streams and for many of the sites there is a likelihood that riparian species may be present in suitable on-site habitats. Several of the sites, and notably 825/1310 which encompasses a large portion of the Cuckmere River floodplain but also 692/1310, 862/1310, and 887/1310, overlap with the indicative floodplain to a significant degree, and consequently often feature marsh grassland or semi-improved grassland with boggy patches. This high degree of Blue Infrastructure connectivity also means that development of these sites may create a pollution risk to the Cuckmere River and its associated riparian habitats, unless this is adequately mitigated against.

Key Green Infrastructure Opportunities

3.1.32 Where appropriate, new developments in the sub-area should, in addition to retaining wildlife habitats, also seek to promote opportunities for enhancing existing wildlife habitats, and/or creating new habitats, related to residential development sites around Hailsham & Polegate. In the context of the Hailsham West sub-area, the following opportunities, taken from the CBA report and the individual site assessment reports for the sub-area, would apply:

• Where appropriate, promote opportunities for landscape enhancements related to residential development sites around Hailsham. • Where appropriate to do so, promote and encourage the use of best practice innovative architectural and planning solutions that take inspiration from local distinctiveness and character. • Where appropriate, seek to improve water quality and manage local flood risk through promoting the use of SuDS, green roofs and rain gardens for example, ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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particularly within new housing developments. Opportunities exist in areas of most need, to consider how SuDS could also help to provide additional accessible greenspace. • Explore opportunities to promote gardening for wildlife and growing food within existing and new residential areas. • Where appropriate, seek opportunities to safeguard and enhance existing wildlife sites in or adjacent to the sub-area for example Abbots & Wilmington Wood & Milton Hide LWS and through sensitive management improve their overall condition. • Contribution to ‘B-Lines’ project through seeding with native wildflower seed mix and use of native flowering trees and shrubs in planting schemes. • The internal and external boundary vegetation should be allowed to develop to a broader, taller form and strengthened by further planting, including berry bearing species to provide for bird foraging, and native species to attract insects. A structurally diverse range of plants should be used, including shrubs large enough to support nesting birds. • Creation of permanent wildflower grassland and native scrub habitat on development site boundaries and within areas of public open space. • Creation of new wildlife habitat including grassland, woodland and scrub on land outside the development site boundary. • Retention and enhancement of ditches and watercourses through selective removal of overhanging woody vegetation and sensitive re-profiling. • Enhancements to retained on-site woodland habitat, including thinning out non-native deciduous tree species, and replacement planting with native species. • Re-connect Tile Hurst to the Wilmington Wood complex through new strategic woodland planting to extend and link habitats.

Minor site-specific measures are set out in the individual site reports.

Ecological and Biodiversity Context

3.1.33 The most prominent distinguishing characteristic of the sites within this sub-area is the proximity to, or inclusion within the sites of woodland habitat, which include some BAP (S41), Ancient Woodland and Local Wildlife Site (LWS) woodlands. The largest of the sites, Land at West Hailsham 825/1310 includes a long section of the Cuckmere River, which, along with its floodplain, and although not formally designated, includes some notable areas of marshy grassland.

3.1.34 Refer to Figure 3.4 for a map showing designated sites and biodiversity habitats in the vicinity of Hailsham West. Protected species recorded in the vicinity of the sites (refer to Figure 3.5) reflect the proximity of woodland, wood pasture and wood-heath and the ‘old countryside’ field pattern.

3.1.35 Notable bird species include common crossbill, red kite, raven, firecrest, tree sparrow, turtle dove hawfinch and lesser spotted woodpecker.

3.1.36 There are numerous records of badger and dormouse.

3.1.37 The sub-area is important for bat species, and particularly bats which are associated with wooded habitat and ‘old countryside’ featuring small fields and dense, old hedgerow’ including serotine, natterer’s and noctule bat, and whiskered bat as well as the more widespread bat species.

3.1.38 The sub-area is also of great importance for plant species, many of which have an association with woodland, wood-pasture and heathy woodland, such as the native bluebell, large-leaved

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lime, the nationally scarce greater broomrape and the nationally rare spiked rampion. Most of the sites which feature woodland habitat will support one or more of these plant species.

3.1.39 A large number of rare and scarce species of butterfly and moth with a preference for these same habitats are also present in the subarea, and again, might be expected to be present on those sites which feature old woodland. Examples include white admiral, grizzled skipper, dingy skipper and pearl-bordered fritillary butterflies.

3.1.40 A wide range of reptile species has also been recorded in this area, including adder, reflecting the present of acid soils. Great crested newt appears common and widespread.

3.1.41 Water vole and otter have been recorded from the Cuckmere River and its larger tributaries.

3.1.42 Non-native species include some invasive species associated with waterways, ponds and damp ground, such as: Himalayan balsam, parrot’s-feather, New Zealand pigmyweed and fringed waterlily; but invasive woodland and hedgerow species such as hybrid bluebell, rhododendron, variegated yellow archangel and cherry laurel feature most prominently.

3.2 Overview of assessments

3.2.1 The Hailsham West sub-area contains eighteen sites which were assessed. These are located within an area bounded by Coldharbour Road to the north-west, the A22 to the east and Wilmington Wood to the south. (See Figure 3.1 for location of sites assessed.)

3.2.2 The majority of the sites are located outside Flood zones 2 and 3. However, site 862/2310 is fully in flood zones 2 and 3, and sites 825/1310, 887/1310, and 692/1310 are all partially within flood zones 2 and 3.

Landscape assessments

3.2.3 All of the sites within the Hailsham West area fall within the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT. Four of which fall within D6: Upper Dicker LLCA and fourteen of which fall within the D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood LLCA. Most of the sites form part of an ancient landscape pattern and the landscape is dominated by woodlands, which form important recreational facilities and provide visual amenity for the area, as well as providing a high degree of enclosure.

3.2.4 The landscape assessments for Hailsham West fall into three broad groups which are discussed below.

3.2.5 Sites 825/1310, 887/1310, 862/1310 and 751/1310 are all situated in the western part of Hailsham West and are all within the Cuckmere Valley and bordered by Hempstead Lane to the east. All four of these sites are within LLCA D6: Upper Dicker.

3.2.6 Site 825/1310 covers approximately 160ha and is substantially larger than all the other sites within both this sub-area and the study area as a whole. Overall, site 825/1310 is considered to be of high landscape sensitivity and high landscape value with a low capacity for development. The River Cuckmere forms an important and attractive landscape feature which flows through the middle of the site and this, together with the absence of roads and built development give the site a sense of remoteness and tranquillity. These features, combined with its strong historic continuity and openness to view, contribute to its sensitivity. The most sensitive part of the site is the river corridor which is also within flood zones 2 and 3. The edges of the site adjacent to Coldharbour Road and Hempstead Lane are slightly less sensitive and of slightly lower landscape value. If parts of these edge areas are allocated for development, landscape mitigation measures will be necessary to reduce potential landscape and visual impacts in the wider area. These could include maintaining the Cuckmere river corridor as a broad green corridor through the centre of thesite, creation of new woodland ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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blocks to separate the river corridor from development areas and diversion of the Wealdway National Trail so that it follows the river corridor. Substantial tree planting would also be required throughout the development areas to assist with integrating any development within the landscape and to soften potential visual impacts from long distance viewpoints.

3.2.7 If parts of site 825/1310 are allocated for development it will be important to consider potentially undertaking some form of strategic masterplanning of the site together with adjoining sites. The assessments undertaken to date suggest that the northern part of site 825/1310 should be considered as part of strategic development proposals for Lower Dicker and the southern part should be considered as part of wider proposals for the Hempstead Lane area. It will be important to retain the separate identity of these two areas and maintain the River Cuckmere as a green corridor between them.

3.2.8 Sites 887/1310, 862/1310 and 751/1310 share similar characteristics with those of site 825/1310. Site 887/1310 is of High Landscape Sensitivity and High Landscape Value and overall has a low capacity to accommodate development. However, the eastern side of the site adjacent to Hempstead Lane is considered to be of lower sensitivity and has the potential to accommodate some development subject to appropriate design and landscape mitigation measures. Site 751/1310 is a small site adjacent to Hempstead Lane and potential landscape and visual effects associated with development of this site could be limited to a small local area, if designed on an appropriate scale and with sufficient strategic landscape planting within and around the site. Site 862/1310 falls wholly within flood zones 2 and 3 and is therefore unlikely to be suitable for development.

3.2.9 A second group of sites (843/1310, 860/1310, 868/1310, 857/1310, 044/1310, 839/1310, 866/1310, 844/1310, 859/1310) are all located along or close to Arlington Road West and are situated within a densely wooded area. Sites 044/1310, 839/1310, 866/1310, 839/1310, 844/1310, 859/1310 occupy the slightly higher, undulating ground to the south of Arlington Road West and 843/1310, 860/1310, 868/1310, 857/1310 occupy the flatter area to the north, which comprises a dense pattern of small agricultural fields.

Photo 3.7: Wilmington Wood forms a prominent backdrop to views south from sites along Arlington Road

Photo location: View south across site 844/1310 (Highlands Farm Cottages) 3.2.10 This area is defined by the Ancient Woodland of Bushy Wood and Ruffet’s Wood to the north of Arlington Road West and Wilmington Wood and Abbots Wood, an extensive woodland, to ______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

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the south. These sites are all within D7: Wilmington and Abbots Wood and are highly characteristic of both this LLCA and the Wooded Clay Vales LLCT.

3.2.11 Most of these sites were assessed as being of Low or Moderate Landscape Sensitivity and of Moderate Landscape Value and were therefore considered to have a Moderate or High capacity to accommodate development. Potential landscape and visual effects arising from development on these sites would generally be limited to the site itself and its immediate surroundings due to the strong enclosure of most of the sites by the surrounding woodland. However, the introduction of development on these sites could be incongruous with the local landscape character which is characterised by its much dispersed settlement pattern and patchwork of woodland and pastoral fields. However, depending on the scale of any potential development, and with careful design and appropriate mitigation measures, effects could be mitigated to some extent.

3.2.12 If some or all of the sites within this area are allocated it will be important to establish some common key design principles for the sites and ensure that the area is developed in a coherent manner to create a sense of place. If these sites were developed in a piecemeal fashion, there is potential that they could form isolated pockets of development that do not relate successfully to each other and which lack a coherent identity and character.

3.2.13 The third group of sites (842/1310, 873/1310, 692/1310, 775/1310 and 237/1310) all adjoin the A22 to the eastern boundary. The sites to the north of the A22 – 237/1310 and 775/1310 are smaller and are partially covered by the Ancient Woodland of Tile Hurst. Sites 692/1310, 873/1310, 842/1310 to the south are larger and while these are open sites, they are all bounded by the Ancient Woodland of Bushy Wood to the west.

Photo 3.8 – The presence of Ancient Woodland creates a sensitive edge to several of the sites

Photo location: View across site 692/1310 (Land west of A22)

3.2.14 The Ancient Woodland and the A22 create two very different and very sensitive edge conditions to these sites. The areas of Ancient Woodland of Tile Hurst and Bushy Wood are important to retain as they are significant landscape, historical and ecological features which are an important element in the local landscape character. The A22 is also a prominent element which cuts through the woodland and separates the urban edge of Hailsham to the east from the Wooded Clay Vales landscape to the west. It provides a very strong edge to the settlement but at the same time acts as a barrier to movement between the two areas and a significant source of noise.

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3.2.15 The sites within this group were generally considered to have Moderate or Moderate-high capacity to accommodate development assuming that development proposals allowed the retention of the areas of Ancient Woodland and that landscape mitigation measures are integrated within the sites. In particular, planting and noise attenuation measures are required along the boundary with the A22 to reinforce the existing tree belt of roadside planting.

3.2.16 When considering the development of sites in Hailsham West as a whole, it will be important to establish a number of key principles. Mitigation measures will be required to minimise potential landscape and visual effects as much as possible and to maximise the opportunities that this area presents. Potential measures include:

• Retain and protect the areas of woodland and the historic pattern of field boundaries and hedgerow to maintain the historic continuity of the landscape;

• Consider the sites collectively, particularly the smaller sites to create an integrated and cohesive settlement pattern to avoid isolated pockets of development

• Protect and enhance the River Cuckmere corridor including the potential creation of a new footpath link along the river and maintaining the area as a grazed pasture

• Set back development away from the sensitive edges of Ancient Woodland and provide a landscape buffer zone.

• The A22 should retain its dense wooded edge. Any development should be obscured by existing woodland and trees and enhanced by additional planting

• If sites are developed along the A22 then the establishment of safe crossing points for pedestrians and cyclists across this busy dual carriageway will be important to mitigate the severance effect of the road

Photo 3.9 – Areas of Ancient Woodland are an important landscape and ecological resource and require protection from development.

Photo location: View through woodland on site 775/1310 (Land at Paulalyn, Hempstead Lane)

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27 Status: Issue South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

Ecological assessments

3.2.17 It was considered that the sites assessed in the Hailsham West sub-area were of ecological value at up to a District-level scale, with a very high proportion of sites (well over half) falling into this category. This is in part because a number of the sites contain, or abut areas of known ecological value, notably Deciduous Woodland BAP (S41) habitat and areas of Ancient Woodland, some of these also having LWS designation, notably the large tract of woodland which makes up CW92 Abbots & Wilmington Wood & Milton Hide LWS.

3.2.18 Many of the smaller isolated areas of woodland habitat present to the west of Hailsham and the A22 once formed part of the extensive Wilmington Wood Ancient Woodland complex, the larger portion of which lies to the west of the A22 and is likely to support similar species to those for which Wilmington Wood LWS was designated.

3.2.19 The hedgerows across the subarea are typically extremely species rich and many support Ancient Woodland indicator species. Particularly good examples of such hedgerows are present in 825/1310, 692/1310 but can be found throughout the subarea, particularly where sites abut or include Ancient Woodland habitat. A number of these hedgerows are likely to be relict features from enclosed Ancient Woodland and of considerable antiquity.

3.2.20 Refer to Figure 3.4 for a map showing designated sites and biodiversity habitats in the vicinity of Hailsham West.

3.2.21 Where on-site habitats abut off-site habitats of known wildlife value, for example sites 887/1310, 775/1310, 842/1310, 873/1310, 692/1310, 866/1310, 857/1310, 843/1310, the wildlife interest of the site itself is likely to be significantly greater and the potential for protected species interest is likely to be considerably higher than might otherwise be the case. All sites would be likely to be used by foraging or commuting bats, moving between urban and woodland sites in the local area, and a very high density of local ponds coupled with numerous existing records of this species in the local area, suggests that a number of sites are likely to support great crested newt. Similarly, a number of the sites which feature mature hedgerow or woodland are in close proximity to sites which are known to support dormouse. All sites will require protected species survey. Refer to individual site reports for a summary of the potential for protected species interest and the surveys recommended.

3.2.22 Development of the larger sites in the sub-area: 825/1310, 886/1310, 887/1310, 839/1310, 692/1310, or development of a large number of the smaller sites in combination would result in a significantly elevated number of residents close to the Pevensey Levels, who may choose to use the Levels for recreation. The disturbance impacts arising from this would need to be evaluated through Habitats Regulations Assessment of both individual developments above a certain scale, and also cumulative impact assessment, and appropriate mitigation measures employed if necessary.

3.2.23 The likelihood of ecological interest for each site is summarised in the table below:

Level of Likelihood of Site name value/scale ecological interest Arlington Stadium, Arlington Lower/Parish High 044/1310 Road West Chicheley Farm, Hempstead Lower/District High 237/1310 Lane

______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

28 Status: Issue South Wealden Growth Area Landscape and Ecology Studies ______

Lower/District High 692/1310 Land west of A22

751/1310 Land at Hempstead Lane Lower/Parish Low 775/1310 Land at Hempstead Lane Lower/District Medium 825/1310 Land at West Hailsham Lower/District High Highlands Farm, Arlington Road Lower/District High 839/1310 West 842/1310 Land at Arlington Road West Lower/Parish Medium Plot 4 Knockhatch Wood, Lower/Parish Medium 843/1310 Arlington Road West Highlands Farm Cottages, Lower/District High 844/1310 Arlington Road West Stables adj to Bushfield, Lower/Parish Medium 857/1310 Arlington Road 2 Highlands Farm Cottages, Lower/District Medium 859/1310 Arlington Road West Land to the north of Arlington Lower/Parish Medium 860/1310 Road Land on the north west side of Lower/District High 862/1310 Hempstead Lane Arlington Cattery, Arlington Lower/District Medium 866/1310 Road West Knockhatch wood smallholding, Lower/District Medium 868/1310 Arlington Road West 873/1310 Bushy Wood Farm, Main Road Lower/Parish Medium 887/1310 Knockhatch Farm Cottage Lower/District High

3.2.24 If proposals for development come forward on these sites, or if the sites are allocated for development within the Wealden Local Plan, appropriate measures will need to be incorporated to ensure the potential effects on biodiversity are avoided/minimised and/or mitigated, and that enhancements can be delivered in accordance with local and national planning policy. This should be done on a site by site basis, taking into account green and blue infrastructure local to the site, and ensuring that valuable habitats on site are retained and enhanced, and that additional measures such as new ponds, new areas of woodland or grassland, or features such as bird and bat boxes and habitat piles can be delivered wherever feasible. The individual site reports provide outline/indicative avoidance, mitigation and enhancement proposals, however these should be refined and developed by the Ecologists working in support of any future planning application, along with other more species- or habitat-specific measures as may be indicated by the outcome of the recommended species and habitat surveys.

______The Landscape Partnership April 2017

29 Key Site Boundary

825/1310 751/1310

237/1310

775/1310

862/1310

887/1310

692/1310

843/1310 860/1310 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Hailsham West 868/1310 044/1310 866/1310 873/1310

866/1310 857/1310 Site Locations 044/1310 859/1310 842/1310 Figure 3.1 839/1310 1:12 500@A3 844/1310 November 2016

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 30 Key D5 Wooded Clay Vales Site Boundary Open Clay Vales Local Landscape Character Areas

E6 Local Landscape Character Types Coastal Levels

Gently Undulating Wooded Valleys

Open Clay Vales

Open Levels

Ridges and Slopes

Ridges and Valleys

Settled Levels

Urban Dominated Landscapes

Wooded Clay Vales 825/1310 751/1310

237/1310 E5 D6 775/1310 Wooded Clay Vales Open Clay Vales

I Urban Dominated Landscapes 862/1310

887/1310

692/1310

843/1310 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan 860/1310 Hailsham West

868/1310 D7 044/1310 866/1310 873/1310 Wooded Clay Vales 866/1310 857/1310 Landscape Character Context 044/1310 859/1310 842/1310 839/1310 Figure 3.2 1:12 500@A3 844/1310

November 2016 E5 Open Clay Vales

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 31 010/3090 534/3000 Key 067/3100 428/3100 799/3090 869/3090 Site Boundary 870/3090 659/3090 080/3100 864/3090

Woodland 853/3090 780/3100 852/3090 662/3090 881/3090

Tree Belt

878/3300

861/3300 Hedgerow

015/3300

405/3300

825/1310 751/1310 224/3300

237/1310 867/3300 775/1310 885/1310 836/3300

862/1310

887/1310

692/1310

L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan 843/1310 Hailsham West 860/1310

868/1310 044/1310 866/1310 873/1310 857/1310 Green Infrastructure 866/1310 044/1310 859/1310 842/1310 Figure 3.3A 839/1310 1:12 500@A3

844/1310 April 2017

283/1310 Source: DigitalGloEsri, GeoEye, be, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus USDA,DS, USGS, Aero and GRID,IGN,the GIS 305/1310 245/1310 UserCo mmun ity 210/1310 Repro ducedfro mtheOrdnance Survey map withthepermission theconof tro llerHerMajesty’sof Station Licencenumber: eryOffice. AL100002205.© CROW NCOPYRIGHT. 32 Key Site Boundary

Flood Zone

Standing Water/Pond

Watercourse

Ditch

825/1310 751/1310

237/1310

775/1310

862/1310

887/1310

692/1310

L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan 843/1310 Hailsham West 860/1310

868/1310 044/1310 866/1310 873/1310 Blue Infrastructure 866/1310 857/1310 044/1310 859/1310 842/1310 Figure 3.3B 839/1310 1:12 500@A3 844/1310 Nov 2016

ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 33 Key Site Boundary

Local Sites

Priority Habitat Inventory - Main Habitat Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh

Deciduous Woodland !!!!!! !!!!!! Traditional Orchard !!!!!! Good Quality Semi-Improved Grassland DDDDD No Main Habitat but Additional Habitats Present DDDDD Wo o dpastureParklandand(BAP Prio rityHabitat) Notable Road Verge

825/1310 751/1310 Ancient and Replanted Semi- Natural Woodland Local Wildlife Site 237/1310

775/1310 National Sites National Nature Reserves

Site of Special Scientific Interest

International/European Sites 862/1310 Ramsar

887/1310 Special Areas of Conservation Special Protection Area

692/1310

843/1310 860/1310 L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan Hailsham West 868/1310 044/1310 866/1310 873/1310 857/1310 866/1310 044/1310 859/1310 842/1310 Designated Sites

839/1310 Figure 3.4 844/1310 1:12 500@A3

November 2016

Repro ducedfro mtheOrdnance Survey map with thepermissio thecontroof n HerMajesty’sof ller Statio Licence nerynumber: Office. AL100002205.© CROWN COPY RIGHT. 34 "%

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!% #""%% # "% % """""%%%%% ### # # $ Key "% % Site Boundary $# % $#"""""""""%%%%%%%%% "% $$ """!%%%% ! Rare Species Inventory # $#!!%% "% ! " Protected Species Register $ % # # ! # Notable Birds $ % %# # "% "!% # # $$$$$$$#! $$$$$$$$#! % Bats ###!% "% # %#"!%%% % BAP Species ! # #"""%%% "% % % % % ! $ Invasive Non Native Species !!! % "!!!!% !% % % % % % ! %# # # "! % ! % "%"% "% ! % % ""%% "% # # # %% % #"% #"% ###! ##% ################### """"""%%%%%% """""""""%%%%%%%%% ! $ """"""%%%%%% % "%"% ! ! !% # # # # 825/1310 751/1310 "% ! # "% "% % ## # #!% ! 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"% ! ### % # % "% % ""%% % # # !%%% #############"""%%% ###%%% "% # % "% "% "% "% "% % ! ""%% "!% #"""""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%%%%%%%%%% % ###!% # # "%% # % % # % "% % ! % """%%% "% "% % % "% % ! % "% % % ! #! !% #!% #"!%%% # #"% "% ! "!% ! "% % "% % ! % % !% ! !% "% ! # "!% ! "% ! ! !!!!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % %% !% % # !! ! "! """""!!!!!% "! "! "% # #!!!!%%%%%%% #######!%%%% "% % # ###### % ! !% !!! % # "% ### # ! !!%!%% !!% !!!%%%% !% !! ! !!!% !%%% !!!"%% ! !% ! ! "% # ### ! ! ""% ! ! % ""%%% ### #!!!% #! #! ! !%%% !% %% # ! !!!%%% !% ! !% ############## ! ! % # "% ! ! ! !% !% "!%% !% "% ! % ""%% ! #!!!%%%%%%% #!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%%%%%%%%%%%% "%%% # ! !% !% !!! % ###"!% ""%% ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%% # # #!!!!!!!!!!!!% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!% !%%%% ! ## !% !% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%%%%%%%%%%% !% ! ! ""%%% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%%%%%%%%% !% !!!% %% !% !! !% !%%%%%% ! ! !% !% ! %%% !% !% "% ! "% # !%% % ! !!% #% % ! ! %! #"% "%% Hellingly/14a Key Hellingly/2 Arlington/2b Site Boundary Hellingly/15 Hellingly/6b Hellingly/16a Hellingly/24 Public Rights of Way Hellingly/7c Hailsham/70 Hellingly/12 Hailsham/69 Arlington/49 Bridleway Hellingly/27c Arlington/50 Arlington/2a Byway Arlington/48b Hellingly/29a Arlington/48a Footpath

Hellingly/23

Arlington/47d Arlington/46

Hailsham/68c Arlington/10

Hailsham/68a

Hailsham/75a

Arlington/11

825/1310 751/1310 Hailsham/22

237/1310

775/1310 Hailsham/21a

Hailsham/20 Arlington/4d

862/1310 Hailsham/21b

Arlington/5

Arlington/3 Arlington/20 Hailsham/2 Arlington/4b 887/1310 Hailsham/1

Arlington/9a Arlington/19b Hailsham/18a Arlington/4a Hailsham/7b Hailsham/66 692/1310

Hailsham/9a

Arlington/9c 843/1310 Hailsham/18b L16418 Hailsham Area Action Plan 860/1310 Hailsham/9b Hailsham West Hailsham/3a

868/1310 Hailsham/8 Arlington/17 044/1310 873/1310 866/1310 Hailsham/14

Arlington/19a Hailsham/18c Hailsham/5 857/1310 Hailsham/15 Arlington/15b 866/1310 Arlington/18 Public Rights of Way 859/1310 842/1310 044/1310

Arlington/14 839/1310 Figure 3.6 Hailsham/4b 1:12 500@A3 Arlington/16 844/1310 Hailsham/16

November 2016

Arlington/15a

Hailsham/58 ReproducMajesty’stheOrdnance LicenceHerfrom edStationery number: of Survey 100002205.ALOffice. © CROWNthe controller mapof with thepermission COPYRIGHT. 36