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Analisis Semiotik Makna Anti Rasisme Dalam Film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

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Analisis Semiotik Makna Anti Rasisme Dalam Film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ANALISIS SEMIOTIK MAKNA ANTI RASISME DALAM FILM MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos.) oleh: Izzah Dinillah NIM: 11140510000014 JURUSAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1442 H/ 2021 M ANALISIS SEMIOTIK MAKNA ANTI RASISME DALAM FILM MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Izzah Dinillah 11140510000014 Di bawah bimbingan Dr. Ibnu Qoyim MA NIP. 19541124 198403 1 002 JURUSAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1442 H/ 2021 PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN Skripsi berjudul "Analisis Semiotik Makna Anti Rasisme Dalam Film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom" telah diujikan dalam sidang Munaqosah Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah pada Selasa, 16 Februari 2021. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos.) Program Studi Komunikasi dan Penyiaian Islam. Jakarta, 16 Februari 2021 SIDANG MUNAQOSAH Kctua merangkap anggota Sekretaris merangkap anggota Dr. Armawati Arbi, M.Si Dr. H. Edi Amin, S.Ag, M.A NIP. 196502071991032002 NIP. 197609082009011010 Anggota Penguji I Penguji II Dr. Dudun Ubaedullah, M.Ag Ade Rina Farida, M.Ag NIP. 197505082008011012 NIP. 197705132007012018 Dosen Pembimbing Dr. Ibnu Qoyim MA NIP. 19541124 198403 1 002 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika dikemudian hari terbukti bahwa hasil karya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di UIN Syarif HidayaDtullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 4 Februari 2021 Izzah Dinillah ABSTRAK Izzah Dinillah Analisis Semiotik Makna Anti Rasisme dalam Film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom Film autobiografi Nelson Mandela yang disutradarai oleh Justin Chadwick ini menceritakan bagaimana Mandela sebagai ikon dan simbol-simbol perjuangan yang berjuang melawan rasisme di Negara Afrika Selatan. Perjuangan panjang yang dilalui Mandela tidaklah mudah. Di satu sisi, kita dibawa ke alur cerita yang mengenaskan dari perlakuan ras kulit putih menindas ras kulit hitam. Disisi lain, kita diperlihatkan juga cerita yang mengesankan dari seorang Mandela dan masyarakat ras kulit hitam berjuang bangkit dari supremasi ras kulit putih. Dari film ini kita dapat mengambil pesan-pesan bagaimana kita harus bersikap terhadap sesama, saling menghormati dan menghargai walaupun berbeda. Karena, dampak yang akan terjadi jika tidak adanya sikap toleransi dan menghargai akan timbul rasa kebencian satu dengan yang lainnya. Berdasarkan kisah Mandela diatas penulis merumuskan pertanyaan yakni apa makna ikon anti rasisme dalam film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom? Apa makna indeks anti rasisme dalam film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom? Apa makna simbol anti rasisme dalam film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis deskriptif. Teknik analisis data ini menggunakan model analisis semiotik Charles Sanders Pierce, yaitu, Ikon, hubungan antara tanda dan objek atau acuan yang bersifat kemiripan. Indeks, tanda yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan alamiah antara tanda dan penanda yang bersifat hubungan sebab akibat. dan Simbol, tanda yang dirancang untuk menyandikan sumber acuan melalui kesepakatan atau persetujuan. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi dengan menonton film dan menganalisa setiap adegan yang mengandung makna anti rasisme, serta dokumentasi dengan mengumpulkan literatur- literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya lima makna anti rasisme dalam film ini yang dianalisis dengan ikon, indeks, dan simbol. Ikon dari film ini adalah Nelson Mandela dan tokoh-tokoh lainnya. Indeks dari film ini adalah lebih menekankan pada perjuangan Mandela dalam menghapuskan rasisme. Sedangkan, simbol dari film ini adalah semangat Mandela yang tidak kenal takut dan tanpa Lelah berjuang menegakkan keadilan di Negara Afrika Selatan. Kata Kunci: Mandela, Anti rasisme, makna, Film, Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom. i KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji bagi Allah Tuhan semesta alam, yang menciptakan siang dan malam, segala puji atas rahmat dan nikmat yang tiada terhitung jumlahnya. Juga atas nikmat iman, ihsan, dan Islam yang paling utama. Tidak lupa shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada baginda kita Nabi Muhammad saw. yang telah membawa kita dari zaman yang gelap gulitanya kebodohan ke zaman yang penuh dengan cahaya kebenaran ilmu pengetahuan seperti sekarang ini. Penulisan skripsi ini dibuat dalam rangka memenuhi tugas akhir sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial, jurursan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, Universitas Syarif Hidayatullah. Dengan segala upaya dan doa, akhirnya penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Analisis Semiotik Makna Anti Rasisme Dalam Film Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom”. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis sangat menyadari bahwa selesainya skripsi ini bukan semata-mata buah tangan sendiri, akan tetapi banyak bantuan yang penulis terima dari pihak lain yang telah memberikan bimbingan, nasehat, serta motivasi baik secara ii moral maupun materil. Oleh karenanya, dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih sebanyak- banyaknya kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Hj. Amany Burhanuddin Umar Lubis, Lc., M.A sebagai Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Bapak Suparto, M.Ed, Ph.d, sebagai Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Dr. Siti Napisyah, S.Ag sebagai wakil Dekan I Bidang Akademik, Dr. Sihabudin Nour M.Ag sebagai Wakil Dekan II Bidang Administrasi Umum, dan Drs. Cecep Castrawijaya, MA sebagai Wakil Dekan III Bidang Kemahasiswaan. 3. Ibu Dr.Armawati Arbi, M.Si sebagai ketua Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, dan Dr. H. Edi Amin, S.Ag, M.A sebagai sekretaris Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam. 4. Dosen Pembimbing, Bapak Dr. Ibnu Qoyim MA yang telah berkenan meluangkan waktunya untuk memberikan bimbingan dan arahan serta nasihat yang luar biasa sehingga penulis dapat meyelesaikan skripsi ini. iii 5. Bapak Dr. H. A. Ilyas Ismail, MA selaku Dosen Penasehat Akademik yang senantiasa memberikan masukan-masukan dan nasihat dalam bidang akademik. 6. Dosen Penguji 1 Dr. Dudun Ubaedullah, M.Ag, dan Penguji 2 Ade Rina Farida, M.Ag yang telah memberikan kritik dan saran Mengenai skripsi penulis, sehingga penulis dapat memperbaiki skripsi ini dengan baik. 7. Seluruh Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis selama perkuliahan, semoga ilmu yang diberikan menjadi amal ibadah yang tidak terputus. 8. Seluruh staff dan karyawan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, khususnya staff dan karyawan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi. Serta para staf dan karyawan perpustakan fakultas maupun perpustakan utama yang telah memberikan pelayanan dan kerjasama selama penulis menjalankan studi di kampus. 9. Kedua orang tua penulis, Abi Drs. Wawan Setiawan MM, dan Ummi Dra. Mintarsih, yang tidak kenal lelah untuk membesarkan dan mendidik anak-anaknya. Terima kasih untuk kasih sayang, do’a, motivasi, nasihat, serta pengorbanannya iv baik moril maupun materil. Semoga Allah selalu memberikan keberkahan untuk Abi dan Ummi. 10. Setiawan’s Family. Abang Latif, abang Bari, abang Mujib, dek Azis dan dek Syauqi terima kasih selalu memberikan semangat dan canda tawa kepada penulis, jangan pernah lelah untuk selalu membahagiakan Abi dan Ummi. Serta untuk kakak ipar penulis mbak Lia dan Ka Dina terima kasih sudah menjadi kakak perempuan untuk penulis. Dan untuk keponakan penulis Hana yang selalu menjadi moodbooster untuk ammah. 11. Sahabat seperjuangan dari awal kuliah, Kocak. Baba, Safira, Wafa, Inne, Imi terima kasih telah menjadi sahabat yang luar biasa. Selalu menjadi penyemangat bagi penulis dan selalu menemani penulis dalam suka maupun duka selama masa perkuliahan. Sukses selalu dan semoga kita tetap menjadi sahabat sampai seterusnya. 12. Teman-teman seperjuangan KPI angkatan 2014, khususnya KPI A 2014 Agung, Putri, Sakinah, Miftah, Zulfa, Pingkan, Upeh, Leha, Riza, Reza, Zehan, Nadya, Kiki, Loli, Hani, Naufal, Rais, Fiqri, Eko, Ella, Dila, Ka Ray. Sukses selalu teman-teman, dan semoga silaturahmi kita tetap terjaga. v 13. Oppa Is Mine. Dinie, Baba, Dian, Inne, Safira, dan Tyas terima kasih untuk kebersamaannya dalam dunia fangirl. Untuk Agung dan Asmar terimakasih selalu mengizinkan kostannya sebagai basecamp penulis. 14. Teman-teman KKN FIGHT 2017. Gina, Rizka, Jeni, Riska, Reizia, Liana, Anna, Imas, Alif, Sahrul, Haris, Angga, Awe, Raja, terimakasih telah menjadi keluarga baru bagi penulis dan memberikan kenangan yang luar biasa selama masa KKN. 15. Sahabat luar biasa penulis, SA. Dyah, Icha, Fatika, Lia, terima kasih untuk kebersamaannya dari Mts sampai sekarang, yang selalu menjadi penyemangat dan pendengar yang luar biasa. 16. Serta kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis selama ini yang tidak
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