Indigenous Biography and Autobiography
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Indigenous Biography and Autobiography Indigenous Biography and Autobiography Peter Read, Frances Peters-Little and Anna Haebich (editors) Published by ANU E Press and Aboriginal History Incorporated Aboriginal History Monograph 17 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Indigenous biography and autobiography / editors: Peter Read, Frances Peters-Little, Anna Haebich. ISBN: 9781921536342 (pbk.) 9781921536359 (pdf) Series: Aboriginal history monograph ; 17 Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Aboriginal Australians--Biography--History and criticism. Autobiography. Other Authors/Contributors: Read, Peter, 1945- Peters-Little, Frances, 1958- Haebich, Anna. Dewey Number: 809.93592 Aboriginal History Incorporated Aboriginal History is administered by an Editorial Board which is responsible for all unsigned material. Views and opinions expressed by the author are not necessarily shared by Board members. The Committee of Management and the Editorial Board Peter Read (Chair), Rob Paton (Treasurer/Public Officer), Ingereth Macfarlane (Secretary/ Managing Editor), Richard Baker, Ann Curthoys, Brian Egloff, Geoff Gray, Niel Gunson, Christine Hansen, Luise Hercus, David Johnston, Harold Koch, Isabel McBryde, Ann McGrath, Frances Peters-Little, Kaye Price, Deborah Bird Rose, Peter Radoll, Tiffany Shellam. Editors: Peter Read, Frances Peters-Little and Anna Haebich Contacting Aboriginal History All correspondence should be addressed to Aboriginal History, Box 2837 GPO Canberra, 2601, Australia. Sales and orders for journals and monographs, and journal subscriptions: Thelma Sims, email: [email protected], tel or fax: +61 2 6125 3269, www.aboriginalhistory.org Aboriginal History Inc. is a part of the Australian Centre for Indigenous History, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University and gratefully acknowledges the support of the History Program, RSSS and the National Centre for Indigenous Studies, Australian National University. WARNING: Readers are notified that this publication may contain names or images of deceased persons. ANU E Press All correspondence should be addressed to: ANU E Press, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected], http://epress.anu.edu.au Cover design by Teresa Prowse Cover photo: Judi Wickes, aged 6. Apart for any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher. This edition © 2008 ANU E Press and Aboriginal History Inc Table of Contents Contributors ix Introduction 1 Teaching and Researching 3 1. From the margins to the mainstream: towards a history of 5 published Indigenous Australian autobiographies and biographies Oliver Haag 2. A path of words: the reception of autobiographical Australian 29 Aboriginal writing in Italy Francesca Di Blasio 3. Ethical approaches to teaching Aboriginal culture and literature 41 in Spain Susan Ballyn 4. Multiple subjectivities: writing Duall’s life as social biography 47 Kristyn Harman 5. Oodgeroo Noonuccal: media snapshots of a controversial life 57 Karen Fox Indigenous Storytelling 69 6. ‘Never really heard of it’: the certificate of exemption and lost 73 identity Judi Wickes 7. Biography as balancing act: life according to Joe and the rules of 93 historical method Aroha Harris 8. The revelation of African culture in Long walk to freedom 99 Munzhedzi James Mafela 9. A Dalit and a First Nations Canadian speak of the women in 109 their bones Maria Preethi Srinivasan Principles and Protocols 131 10. Consultation and critique: implementing cultural protocols in 135 the reading of collaborative indigenous life writing Michael Jacklin v Indigenous Biography and Autobiography 11. Too much information: when the burden of trust paralyses 147 representation Kristina Everett 12. Pauline McLeod: The Magpie who became a Swan – finding 159 salvation in culture Simon Luckhurst 13. The dilemmas of knowing too much: writing In the desert – 177 Jimmy Pike as a boy Pat Lowe vi List of Illustrations 1.1. Diagram representing both graphically and numerically the number of male and female Indigenous autobiographies published per year. The lower two rows of the figure display the numerical data and form a ratio. 9 1.2. Pie chart displaying the relative proportions of the 177 published Indigenous autobiographies each publisher produced. 10 4.1. Lachlan Macquarie. `List of hostile natives', New South Wales Colonial Secretary's Office Correspondence, Reel 6005: 44. Reproduced with the kind permission of State Records New South Wales. 51 6.1. Daisy, baby Gwen and Roy Smith taken in 1926. 79 6.2. Daisy with Mervyn and baby Maurice taken in the early 1930s. 80 6.3. Roy Smith and his football team taken in the 1940s. 81 6.4. Roy Smith and his beloved car ± the Rigby. 81 6.5. Roy and Daisy Smith taken in the 1950s. 82 6.6. Judi Wickes. 85 8.1. Genealogy of the Thembu tribe. 103 vii Contributors Susan Ballyn is a senior Lecturer in the English Department at Barcelona University and the Director of the Australian Studies Centre. Her area of research is Hispanic and Lusophone convicts transported to Australia and the surgeons' diaries on the transports. Francesca Di Blasio has a PhD in English Literature and is ricercatrice at the University of Trento. Her areas of research are Modernism, Postmodernism, Indigenous Australian literature and Literary Theory. Kristina Everett holds a PhD in anthropology. Her main research interests include (re)emergent traditional Indigenous cultural practices in urban settings and the political, cultural and social effects of these practices. Kristina teaches Indigenous Studies at Macquarie University and is keenly interested in Indigenous higher education. Karen Fox completed her MA at the University of Canterbury in 2005 and moved to Canberra in 2006 to begin doctoral research at The Australian National University. Her interests include 20th-century Australian and New Zealand history, women©s and feminist histories, and the transnational histories of settler societies. Oliver Haag studied History and Political Science at the University of Vienna, Austria. He specialised in the history of autobiography, Indigenous Studies and theories of nation-building, with particular interest in Australia. Oliver is currently working on a collaborative research project entitled `national unity through diversity'. Kristyn Harman lectures in Aboriginal Studies at the University of Tasmania where she recently completed a PhD thesis: `Aboriginal convicts: race, law, and transportation in colonial New South Wales'. Her research interests include contact history in the Australian colonies, New Zealand and the Cape colony; biography; and legal history. Anna Haebich, a Research Intensive Professor from Griffith University, is Historian in Residence at the State Library of Queensland. Her books include Broken circles and Spinning the dream: assimilation in Australia 1950 to 1970. Michael Jacklin is an Associate Research Fellow at the University of Wollongong. His research interests focus on life writing and issues of collaboration. Aroha Harris, Te Rarawa and Ngapuhi, is a lecturer in history at the University of Auckland. She combines her research interests in the Maori twentieth century and Maori policy with her commitments to Te Rarawa iwi research and development. ix Indigenous Biography and Autobiography Pat Lowe grew up in the UK and came to Australia in 1972, where she spent many years working as a psychologist in Western Australian prisons, mostly in Broome. Pat has written a dozen books, fiction and non-fiction, and is an active environmentalist and a partner in a part-time publishing house. Simon Luckhurst is a writer, researcher and journalist. He has produced a number of short films and is the author of several plays, as well as Eddie's country (Magabala Books 2006). He is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Technology Sydney. Frances Peters-Little is a Kamilaroi/Ulalarai woman and PhD student at The Australian National University. She was formerly Deputy Director and Research Fellow at the National Centre for Indigenous History, The Australian National University. Before coming to Canberra, she was a film maker for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and left in 1995 after producing and directing 10 x 60-minute documentaries. She spends her time writing, and is currently working on her second book, the official biography on the life of her father, Jimmy Little, which is expected to be published by ABC books. Munzhedzi James Mafela is a professor of African Languages in the School of Arts, Education and Language Communication at the University of South Africa. His field of specialisation is African Literature and Culture, and Lexicography. Maria Preethi Srinivasan, a research scholar in the Department of English, University of Madras, developed an interest in Australian Aboriginal Literature. Her research towards a PhD is a transnational study of Australian Aboriginal and Indian Dalit and Adivasi Women's literature. Peter Read is a historian at the University of Sydney and the chairperson of Aboriginal History. Judi Wickes is a Wakka Wakka/Kalkadoon woman from Queensland. She is currently a post-graduate student at the University of Queensland. After qualifying in social work at the University of Queensland in 1997,