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The Structure of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy in the 17Th and 18Th Centuries

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The Structure of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy in the 17Th and 18Th Centuries THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIATE TURAŭ‑PINSK EPARCHY In THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES Wojciech Walczak THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIATE TURAŭ‑PINSK EPARCHY IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES BIAŁYSTOK 2013 Seria: DISSERTATIONES, t. 5 Reviewers dr hab. Andrzej Gil, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski prof. Ihor Skoczylias, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv prof. Sophia Senyk, Roma Translation and proofreading Anna Stawikowska Book co-financed by the Minister of Science and Higher Education (agreement no. 969/P-DUN/2013) Ministry of Science and Higher Education Republic of Poland Project partner ISBN 978-83-64103-99-5 Printed in Poland © Copyright by Institute for Research of European Cultural Heritage & Wojciech Walczak, 2013 Białystok 2013 Publisher Printed by TOTEM s.c. Spis treści List of Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7 Introduction �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� 9 CHAPTER ONE. The Formation and Functioning of the Turaŭ‑Pinsk Orthodox Eparchy Until the End of the 16th Century � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27 1. Turaŭ or Pinsk? – the Founding of the Orthodox Diocese � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27 2. The Orthodox Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy in the 12th to 16th Centuries �� � � � � � � � � � � � 35 CHAPTER TWO. The History of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy � � � � � � � � � � � 45 1. A Difficult Period in the First Half of the 17th Century � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46 2. The Effects of Wars with the Cossacks and Russia in the Mid‑17th Century � � � � � 50 3. The Period after the Synod of Zamość in 1720 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 60 4. Polonization and Romanization � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 64 5. Privileges Granted to Turaŭ‑Pinsk Bishops � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 65 CHAPTER THREE. Religious Life Centres in the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 69 1. Monastery in Antopal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73 2. Monastery in Chomsk �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74 3. Monastery in Leszcze � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74 4. Monastery in Nowy Dwór � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78 5. Monastery in Torokanie �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79 6. Monastery in Suchowicze �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80 7. St� Barbara Monastery in Pinsk �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81 8. Monastery in Jasna Góra � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82 CHAPTER FOUR. Hierarchy and Clergy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 87 1. Shepherds of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 87 2. The Turaŭ‑Pinsk Coadjutors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 90 3. Monastic and Secular Clergy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 90 4. Education of the Uniate Clergy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 91 a) Reform attempts � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 96 5. Moral Attitudes of the Clergy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 101 CHAPTER FIVE. The Organizational Structure of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107 1. Characteristics of the Structure of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy Against the Background of Other Uniate Dioceses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108 a) The Territorial range of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk diocese �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 110 2. The Sources Used to Determine the Structure of the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Diocese � � � � 117 3. The Division into Deaneries � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120 4. The Network of Parishes in the 17th and 18th Centuries � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 127 a) Factors contributing to the formation of new churches � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 127 b) Parishes in the 17th century �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 129 c) Parishes in the 18th century � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 132 5. Parishes in the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Diocese in the Second Half of the 18th Century � � � 137 6. Invocations of the Uniate Churches in the Turaŭ‑Pinsk Diocese � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 170 7. Number of Worshipers in the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy ca� 1773 �� � � � � � � � � � � � � 174 CHAPTER SIX. Liquidation of the Union on the Territory of the Turaŭ‑Pinsk Eparchy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 187 Taking over the Uniate Churches by the Orthodox � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 188 Conclusion �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 191 List of Tables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 195 List of maps �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196 List of Figures �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196 Annexes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 197 Annex 1� Responsio ad questia Ill[ustrissi]mi Exc[e]ll[issi]mi ac Rev[erendissi]mi D[omi]ni Nuncii Apostolici in Regno Poloniarum et magno Ducatu Litt[uaniae] prius diligenter rebus omnibus examinatis per me Gedeonem Horbacki Ep[isco]pum Pinscensem et Turoviensem � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 197 Annex 2� Status Episcopatus Pinscensis et Turoviensis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 199 Annex 3� List of parishioners and priests in the Uniate Turaŭ‑Pinsk eparchy �� � � � � � � � � 201 Annex 4� Turaŭ‑Pinsk bishops � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 209 Bibliography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 211 Archival Sources � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 211 Printed Sources �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� 214 Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � 217 List of Abbreviations k. card/page op. description SGKP Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich [Geograph‑ ical Dictionary of the Polish Kingdom and other Slavic countries], vol. I–XV, edited by Filip Sulimierski and Władysław Walewski, Warszawa 1880–1914. tab. table v. versum VL Volumina Legum к. коллекция нр. Номер оп. опис спр. справa ф. Фонд r. rectum 7 Introduction The history of the Greek Rite of the Catholic Church1 – beginning with the Union of Brest of 1596 – is an integral part of both the history of the Roman Catholic and of the Orthodox Church. The intention of its creators – the bish- ops of the Orthodox archdiocese of Kiev (often called “traitors” in the Orthodox apologetics) – was not to create a new religious organization; they rather aimed at a union with the Roman Catholic Church. It was only at the end of the 16th century that the intensified activities led to a clear emergence of new organiza- tional structures of the Orthodox Uniate Church.2 The importance of the Uniate faith in the history of the Commonwealth seems to be underestimated by researchers. Rarely do they emphasize the role played in the Commonwealth by the organizational structures of the Union, and yet this church had – according to calculations of W. Kołbuk – 4.5 million of the faithful gathered in 9,452 parishes, meaning twice as many as the Roman Catholic Church.3 The number of believers of the Uniate Church reached near- ly 4.7 million people.4 These statistics illustrate the size of the thriving church organization and lead to the conclusion that it must have influenced the history of the Church in Poland. In modern literature, measures have been taken to verify the data and to resume research concerning the structure of each of the Uniate diocese. It is not easy, because – as W. Kołbuk emphasized – sources for establishing the 1 It is the most appropriate name which identifies the Union formed after 1596. In liter- ature, including contemporary works, the name Uniate Church can often be found, which is a terminology mistake: the Church is in fact a separate religious organization, whereas in the case of a Union we have one Catholic Church, within which there is the Eastern rite, also known as the Greek one. 2 Also known as Greek Catholic and Greek Uniate Church. The term Uniate Church is used in this part of the dissertation in the sense of the Eastern rite of the Catholic Church. By no means is it a separate church. 3 W. Kołbuk, Kościoły wschodnie w Rzeczypospolitej około 1772 roku. Struktury administra‑ cyjne, seria: Wspólnoty religijne i narodowe w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku, ed. S. Litak, vol. 2, Lublin 1998, pp. 46–50; cf. the number of parishes
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