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Securing America's Interest in Iraq

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Securing America's Interest in Iraq S. HRG. 110–153 SECURING AMERICA’S INTEREST IN IRAQ: THE REMAINING OPTIONS HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JANUARY 10, 11, 17, 18, 23, 25, 30, 31, AND FEBRUARY 1, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 SECURING AMERICA’S INTEREST IN IRAQ: THE REMAINING OPTIONS VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 S. HRG. 110–153 SECURING AMERICA’S INTEREST IN IRAQ: THE REMAINING OPTIONS HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JANUARY 10, 11, 17, 18, 23, 25, 30, 31, AND FEBRUARY 1, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 38–033 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware, Chairman CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota BARBARA BOXER, California BOB CORKER, Tennessee BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire BARACK OBAMA, Illinois GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JIM DEMINT, South Carolina ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., Pennsylvania JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia JIM WEBB, Virginia DAVID VITTER, Louisiana ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Staff Director KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 CONTENTS Wednesday, January 10, 2007 WHERE WE ARE: THE CURRENT SITUATION IN IRAQ Page Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 2 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 1 Marr, Dr. Phebe, historian, author of ‘‘The Modern History of Iraq,’’ Wash- ington, DC ............................................................................................................. 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 10 O’Hanlon, Dr. Michael, senior fellow and Sydney Stein, Jr., chair, the Brook- ings Institution, Washington, DC ....................................................................... 17 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 21 Pillar, Dr. Paul, visiting professor, Security Studies Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC ............................................................................... 31 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 34 Said, Yahia, director, Iraq Revenue Watch, London School of Economics, London, England .................................................................................................. 23 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 28 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L., U.S. Senator from Maryland, prepared statement . 92 Webb, Hon. Jim, U.S. Senator from Virginia, prepared statement ..................... 91 Thursday, January 11, 2007 (a.m.) THE ADMINISTRATION’S PLAN FOR IRAQ Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 95 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from California, statement .......................... 128 Poll published in the Military Times .............................................................. 159 Article from the Daily Telegraph .................................................................... 160 Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L., U.S. Senator from Maryland, statement .................. 147 Casey, Hon. Robert P., Jr., U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, statement ........... 150 Coleman, Hon. Norm, U.S. Senator from Minnesota, statement ........................ 121 Corker, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from Tennessee, statement ............................... 126 Dodd, Hon. Christopher J., U.S. Senator from Connecticut, statement ............. 110 Feingold, Hon. Russell D., U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, statement .................. 123 Hagel, Hon. Chuck, U.S. Senator from Nebraska, statement .............................. 114 Isakson, Hon. Johnny, U.S. Senator from Georgia, statement ............................ 146 Kerry, Hon. John F., U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, statement ................... 118 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 97 Menendez, Hon. Robert, U.S. Senator from New Jersey, statement ................... 143 Murkowski, Hon. Lisa, U.S. Senator from Alaska, statement ............................. 141 Nelson, Hon. Bill, U.S. Senator from Florida, statement ..................................... 135 Obama, Hon. Barack, U.S. Senator from Illinois, statement ............................... 139 Rice, Hon. Condoleezza, Secretary of State, Department of State, Washington, DC .......................................................................................................................... 99 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 102 Responses to questions submitted by Senator Biden .................................... 161 Responses to questions submitted by Senator Lugar .................................... 170 Sununu, Hon. John E., U.S. Senator from New Hampshire, statement ............. 131 Vitter, Hon. David, U.S. Senator from Louisiana, statement .............................. 148 Voinovich, Hon. George V., U.S. Senator from Ohio, statement .......................... 136 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:27 Dec 20, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 38033.001 sforel1 PsN: sforel1 IV Page Webb, Hon. Jim, U.S. Senator from Virginia, statement ..................................... 153 Thursday, January 11, 2007 (p.m.) ALTERNATIVE PLANS: TROOP SURGE, PARTITION, WITHDRAWAL, OR STRENGTHEN THE CENTER Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 175 Carpenter, Dr. Ted Galen, vice president of Defense and Foreign Policy Stud- ies, Cato Institute, Washington, DC ................................................................... 218 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 221 Galbraith, Hon. Peter W., senior diplomatic fellow, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, Washington, DC ............................................................ 177 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 180 Kagan, Dr. Frederick W., resident scholar, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC ................................................................................................... 184 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 187 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 176 ADDITIONAL STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Serwer, Daniel, vice president, Peace and Stability Operations, U.S. Institute of Peace, Washington, DC ................................................................................... 252 Wednesday, January 17, 2007 REGIONAL DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 255 Haass, Hon. Richard, president, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, NY ......................................................................................................................... 264 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 268 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 256 Nasr, Dr. Vali R., professor of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca ........................................................................................... 272 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 276 Ross, Hon. Dennis, counselor and Ziegler distinguished fellow, the Wash- ington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, DC ................................... 258 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 261 Thursday, January 18, 2007 MILITARY AND SECURITY STRATEGY Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 327 Hoar, GEN Joseph
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