DOCSLIB.ORG

BATS Sum 01 Insides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BATS Sum 01 Insides The We s t e r n Pipistre l l e Bulgarian Bats C o n s e r vation in the Sea of Cort e z W W W . B A T C O N . O R G S U M M E R 2 0 0 1 BATS B A T C O N S E R V A T I O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L Bat Conservation Intern a t i o n a l P.O. Box 162603, Austin, Texas 78716 512-327-9721 • Fax 512-327-9724 www.batcon.org Publications Staff BATS Volume 19, No. 2, Summer 2001 Editor & Director of Publications: Elaine Acker Consulting Editor: David Baxter Publications Designer: Elysia Wright Davis Publications Coord i n a t o r : Sandra Forston Visual Resources Manager: Kristin Hay B AT S welcomes queries from writers. Send your article proposal with a brief outline and a description of any photos to the address above or via e-mail to: [email protected]. FEATURES M e m b e r s : Please send changes of address and all correspondence to the address above or via e-mail to [email protected]. Please 1 The Western Pipistrelle include your label, if possible, and allow six weeks for the change North America’s smallest bat of address. By Merlin D.Tuttle Founder & Executive Dire c t o r : Dr. Merlin D. Tuttle C h a i r m a n - E m e r i t u s : Verne R. Read B o a rd of Tru s t e e s : 3 Guyanese Villagers Discover Bats Wilhelmina R. Robertson, Chairperson John D. Mitchell, Vice-Chairman Surveying for bats in remote regions of Peggy Phillips, Secretary Guyana, South America Mark T. Ritter, Treasurer By Rebecca Shapely Jeff Acopian; Mark A. Adkins; Eugene L. Ames, Jr.; J. David Bamberger; Charles Chester; Eugenio Clariond Reyes; Michael L. Cook; Robert E. Gerrie; Joan Kelleher; Travis 4 Bats and Biodiversity Education Mathis; Scott McVay; Thomas Read; Verne R. Read; Lee Schmitt; Patsy Steves; Dr. Merlin D. Tuttle; Roy Vaughan; in Bulgaria Marc Weinberger European researchers promote conservation amid Associate Executive Dire c t o r : Steven M. Walker political unrest Membership Manager: Amy McCartney By Paul Elliot Development Dire c t o r : Arnold Phifer, CFRE Scientific Advisory Board : 7 Conserving Fishing Bats in the D r. Eduard Yavrouian, A r m e n i a ; D r. Leslie S. Hall, Sea of Cortez Greg Richards, Bruce Thomson, Australia; Dr. Irina K. R a k h m a t u l i n a , Azerbaijan; D r. Ivan Sazima, Brazil; By Luis Gerardo Herrera Montalvo and D r. Jiri Gaisler, Czech Republic; D r. Uwe Schmidt, Jose Juan Flores Martinez Germany; Dr. G. Marimuthu, Dr. Shahroukh Mistry, India; Dr. Rodrigo A. Medellín, Dr. Arnulfo Moreno, Mexico; Ir. Herman Limpens, Netherlands; Dr. Armando Rodriguez- Duran, Puerto Rico; Dr. Ya-Fu Lee, Taiwan; Dr. Paul A. Racey, United Kingdom; Dr. Denny G. Constantine, Robert DEPARTMENTS Currie, Dr. Theodore H. Fleming, Dr. Thomas H. K u n z, Dr. Gary F. McCracken, Dr. Don E. Wilson, United States; 12 Staff in Action Dr. José R. Ochoa G., Venezuela. B AT S (ISSN 1049-0043) is published quarterly by Bat BCI in the Classroom Conservation International, Inc., a nonprofit corporation By Kari Gaukler supported by tax-deductible contributions used for public education, research, and conservation of threatened and endangered bats. ©Bat Conservation International, 2001. 14 BCI Highlights All rights reserved. Bat Conservation International is dedicated to preserving and restoring bat populations and habitats around the world. Using a non- 16 News and Notes confrontational approach, we educate the public about the ecological and economic values of bats, advance scientific knowledge about bats and the ecosys- tems that rely on them, and preserve critical bat habitats COVER through win-win solutions that benefit both humans and bats. Brown big-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) are found in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and A subscription to BATS is included with BCI membership: northern Africa. In summer, they frequently roost in tree cavities, which are becoming more and Senior, Student or Educator $25; Basic $30; Friends of BCI $40; Supporting $50; Contributing $100; Patron $250; Sustaining more scarce with intensive logging. European researchers are now conducting experiments with $500; Founder’s Circle $1,000. Third-class postage paid at artificial roosts to help this bat survive (see BCI Highlights, page 15). Austin, Texas. Send address changes to Bat Conservation COVER PHOTO BY ROLLIN VERLINDE, BCI / 916- 5308 International, P.O. Box 162603, Austin, TX 78716. BATS is printed on a 50/20 chlorine-free recycled paper with a water-based coating on the cover. The Western Pipistrelle North America’s smallest bat... by Merlin D. Tuttle ext time you are enjoying a beautiful sunset in an arid western canyon, anywhere from Canada to Mexico, take a closer look at the sky a Nhundred feet or so overhead. Chances are, you will see one or more western pipistrelles getting a head start on dinner. Sometimes they are seen as much as two hours before sundown. Western pipistrelles are among the first bats to emerge in the evening. They feed on a wide variety of insects including These tiny bats, with their silky must be extraordinarily selective, often find- moths, beetles, and mosquitoes. straw-gold fur, striking black face masks, and ing just one in thousands of crevices suit- unusually large eyes, rank among the west’s able to meet their needs. most attractive animals. On average, they Most western pipistrelles mate in late weigh only slightly more than a penny, and September or early October, prior to enter- even with their wings spread, they are only ing winter hibernation. In that season, pairs about the width of a human hand. have been observed alternately chasing each A m a z i n g l y, despite their small size, other and landing toge t h e r, a p p a re n t ly western pipistrelles rank among America’s courting on cliff-faces. Sperm are stored in hardiest animals. Year-round, they typically female reproductive tracts until spring, with On average, western pipistrelles weigh live in rock crevices, mostly in cliff faces, mothers becoming pregnant in April or May slightly more than a penny. With their though given their almost magical evening and giving birth to twins in June or July, wings spread, they are about the width of appearances in even the remotest desert depending on latitude. In sharp contrast to a human hand. flat-lands, it has been speculated that they probably also occupy rodent burrows in the ground.With tiny bodies and large areas of wing surface, such bats are exceptionally vulnerable to dehydration and temperature stress. To minimize water loss and maintain appropriate body temperatures, pipistrelles we d ge themselves into narrow ro ck crevices, relying on just the right combina- tion of sun exposure and crevice depth to keep their bodies at required temperatures with minimal ex p e n d i t u r e of metab o l i c energy. In summer, they move closer to entrances for greater warmth, doing the opposite to avoid extreme cold in winter. This approach is very energy-efficient, but to find appro p riate crev i c e s , p i p i s t r e l l e s S U M M E R 2 0 0 1 1 B A T S © MERLIN D. TUTTLE, BCI / 849- 6104 © MERLIN D. TUTTLE, BCI / 854- 6101 Found in arid regions, western pipistrelles other tiny animals, such as shrews, young kinds of moths, b u g s , and beetles. M a ny often reside in the very few cliff face pipistrelles do not reach maturity until they insects are caught high above the ground, crevices that provide suitable temperatures. are two years old, and banding records indi- though aquatic kinds are often skimmed cate survival to ages of at least six years. directly from the surface of ponds or rivers as These bats do not form large nursery or they hatch. If you would like to eavesdrop on b a chelor colonies like many others . these bats while they hunt, you will need to However, several mothers and their young tune your bat detector a bit higher than occasionally share an extra-attractive crevice usual, probably to at least 60-70 kHz. while re a rin g yo u n g . Males are typically Like many other bats, despite their unusu- found roosting alone, often at higher ally small size, western pipistrelles appear to elevations or in deep, cool valleys. Mothers be highly social and intelligent. They have normally rear young in warmer locations. been known to land on researchers and run Females seldom become active in winter down an arm to join others that have already and are never active when temperatures are been captured and placed in a cage, and they b e l ow fre e z i n g . H oweve r, males are q u i ck ly learn from observing other bats. amazingly capable of flying in sub-freezing While photographing bats in the Big Bend temperatures, and have been seen traveling region of Southwest Texas, I once trained a The western pipistrelle is strikingly over snow - c ove red ground when air pallid bat to come to my hand on call in the marked with a black face mask that temperatures were just 18ºF (-7.78º C).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 41, 2000
    BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume 41 : No. 1 Spring 2000 I I BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume 41: Numbers 1–4 2000 Original Issues Compiled by Dr. G. Roy Horst, Publisher and Managing Editor of Bat Research News, 2000. Copyright 2011 Bat Research News. All rights reserved. This material is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, transmitted, posted on a Web site or a listserve, or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the Publisher, Dr. Margaret A. Griffiths. The material is for individual use only. Bat Research News is ISSN # 0005-6227. BAT RESEARCH NEWS Volume41 Spring 2000 Numberl Contents Resolution on Rabies Exposure Merlin Tuttle and Thomas Griffiths o o o o eo o o o • o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 1 E - Mail Directory - 2000 Compiled by Roy Horst •••• 0 ...................... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 ,t:.'. Recent Literature Compiled by :Margaret Griffiths . : ....••... •"r''• ..., .... >.•••••• , ••••• • ••< ...... 19 ,.!,..j,..,' ""o: ,II ,' f 'lf.,·,,- .,'b'l: ,~··.,., lfl!t • 0'( Titles Presented at the 7th Bat Researc:b Confei'ebee~;Moscow :i'\prill4-16~ '1999,., ..,, ~ .• , ' ' • I"',.., .. ' ""!' ,. Compiled by Roy Horst .. : .......... ~ ... ~· ....... : :· ,"'·~ .• ~:• .... ; •. ,·~ •.•, .. , ........ 22 ·.t.'t, J .,•• ~~ Letters to the Editor 26 I ••• 0 ••••• 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 0. 0. 0 0 ••••••• 0 •• 0. 0 •••••••• 0 ••••••••• 30 News . " Future Meetings, Conferences and Symposium ..................... ~ ..,•'.: .. ,. ·..; .... 31 Front Cover The illustration of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum on the front cover of this issue is by Philippe Penicaud . from his very handsome series of drawings representing the bats of France.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Small-Footed Myotis (Myotis Leibii)
    ========================================================================== Current Status and Conservation Strategy for the Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii) October 2001 Technical Report #00-19 =========================================================================== Current Status and Conservation Strategy for the Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii) Prepared by: Sandra Y. Erdle and Christopher S. Hobson for: The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage 217 Governor Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 (804) 786-7951 Technical Report #00-19 This document may be cited as follows: Erdle, S. Y., and C. S. Hobson. 2001. Current status and conservation strategy for the eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii). Natural Heritage Technical Report # 00-19. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. 17 pp + appendices. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation programs, activities, and employment opportunities are available to all people regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, national origin, or political affiliation. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Current status and conservation strategy: Myotis leibii (October 2001) 2 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ii INTRODUCTION. 1 LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY . 2 Taxonomy . 2 General Characteristics . 2 Distribution and Abundance . 2 Conservation Status . 4 Summer Ecology and Behavior . 4 Winter Ecology and Behavior . 5 Ecologic and Economic Importance . 5 Ontogeny and Reproduction . 6 Predators . 7 DISCUSSION AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS . 7 CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION . 9 Recommendations . 9 Information Needs . 10 PERTINENT LITERATURE . 12 APPENDICES . 18 Appendix A - Survey Form - List of Personal Contacts and Plan Reviewers - Responses to Survey Form Appendix B - Explanation of the Natural Heritage Ranking System Appendix C - Poster Abstract (American Society of Mammalogists) FIGURES Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicting Evolutionary Histories of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ ACU Abilene Christian University Digital Commons @ ACU Biology College of Arts and Sciences 8-26-2017 Conflicting vE olutionary Histories of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genomes in New World Myotis Bats Thomas Lee Jr. Abilene Christian University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/biology Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Thomas Jr., "Conflicting vE olutionary Histories of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genomes in New World Myotis Bats" (2017). Biology. 2. https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/biology/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at Digital Commons @ ACU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ACU. Syst. Biol. 67(2):236–249, 2018 © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syx070 Advance Access publication August 26, 2017 Conflicting Evolutionary Histories of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genomes in New World Myotis Bats ROY N. PLATT II1,BRANT C. FAIRCLOTH2,KEVIN A. M. SULLIVAN1,TROY J. KIERAN3,TRAVIS C. GLENN3,MICHAEL W. ,∗ VANDEWEGE1,THOMAS E.
    [Show full text]
  • Bite Force, Cranial Morphometrics and Size in the Fishing Bat Myotis Vivesi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
    Bite force, cranial morphometrics and size in the fishing bat Myotis vivesi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Sandra M. Ospina-Garcés1,2, Efraín De Luna3, L. Gerardo Herrera M.4, Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales5, & José Juan Flores-Martínez6 1. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 México, Distrito Federal; [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0950-4390 2. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070, México, [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0950-4390 3. Instituto de Ecología A.C. Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070; [email protected], https:// orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-3501 4. Estación de Biología de Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio, Jalisco, 48980, México; [email protected] 5. Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, ‘M. en C. Ticul Álvarez Solórzano’ INAH, Moneda # 16 Col. Centro, 06060 México, Distrito Federal; [email protected] 6. Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Edificio Nuevo, Módulo C, Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 México, Distrito Federal; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 06-IV-2018. Corrected 31-VII-2018. Accepted 18-IX-2018. Abstract: Fish-eating in bats evolved independently in Myotis vivesi (Vespertillionidae) and Noctilio leporinus (Noctilionidae). We compared cranial morphological characters and bite force between these species to test the existence of evolutionary parallelism in piscivory. We collected cranial distances of M. vivesi, two related insectivorous bats (M. velifer and M.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIANA BAT Scientific Name: Myotis Sodalis Miller and Allen Other
    Common Name: INDIANA BAT Scientific Name: Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen Other Commonly Used Names: Indiana myotis, social myotis Previously Used Names: none Family: Vespertilionidae Rarity Ranks: G2/S1 State Legal Status: Endangered Federal Legal Status: Endangered Description: The dorsal hair of the Indiana bat is dark chestnut gray to pinkish gray, darker at the base, and lacks luster. Individual hairs have three bands of color. The ears and wing membranes also have a flat coloration that does not contrast with the fur. The underfur is somewhat lighter colored with a pinkish cast. The hairs on the relatively small (9 mm, inch) feet are short and inconspicuous and the calcar (a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer wing ) is keeled. The total length is 41 - 49 mm (1 - 1 inches), the forearm length is 35 - 41 mm (1 -1 inches), the wingspread is 24 - 27 cm (9 - 10 inches), and the weight is about 5 - 8 grams (about ¼ ounce). Similar Species: In general, the Indiana bat closely resembles the little brown bat (Mysotis lucifugus). Characters of the latter that help distinguish it are a slightly larger (10mm) foot, toe hairs that extend beyond the knuckles, a keel-less calcar, and burnished bronze hair tips. Habitat: Indiana bats gather in large groups in suitable caves to hibernate, more than 85% of the population in just nine caves in Indiana, Missouri, and Kentucky. These bats need winter caves with a stable temperature of 4 - 8°C (39 - 46°F) that contain standing water which maintains relative humidity above 74%.
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana Bat Habitat Requirements
    Section II-F Bat Habitat Conservation Priorities in Missouri Indiana Bat, Northern Long-Eared Bat, and Gray Bat NOTE: The Missouri Heritage Database, adapted for NRCS Field Office Technical Guide use, will be consulted for potential impacts to the Indiana Bat, Northern Long- Eared Bat, and Gray Bat. Please refer questions regarding these Bat Habitat Conservation Priorities to the Area Biologist. Area staff should direct questions to the State Wildlife Biologist. Indiana Bat The Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) is a federal and state listed endangered species. When the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) provides technical or financial assistance to landowners, habitat for this species must be considered and evaluated by NRCS staff that has completed the joint agency workshop, “U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service/NRCS Coordination for the Conservation of the Indiana Bat in Missouri.” Biology of the Indiana Bat From late fall through winter, Indiana bats in Missouri hibernate in caves in the Ozark Region. During the spring and summer, the bats utilize living, injured (e.g. split trunks and broken limbs from lightening strikes or wind), dead or dying trees for roosting throughout the state. Indiana bat roost trees tend to be greater than 9 inches (dbh) with loose or exfoliating bark. Large trees (greater than 20 inches dbh) are preferred. Most important are the structural characteristics that provide adequate space for bats to roost. Preferred roost sites are located in forest openings, at the forest edge, or where the overstory canopy allows some sunlight exposure to the roost tree which is usually within 0.6 miles of water.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Guidance for Indiana Bat (Myotis Sodalis)
    Conservation Guidance for Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis). Henning, Bridget; Hinz Jr., Leon C; Kath, Joe INHS Technical Report 2017 (26) Prepared for Illinois Department of Natural Resources, State Wildlife Initiative Grants Program Issue Date: 8/30/2017 Unrestricted, for immediate release Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Mark R. Ryan, Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Leellen Solter, Interim Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 Illinois Natural History Survey has undertaken a project producing documents that provide conservation guidance for listed species in Illinois for the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. The project is titled: Conservation Guidance for Species in Greatest Need of Conservation (SGNC) T- 96-R-001. The primary purpose of guidance documents is to provide various project developers/land managers with information on the species, how their actions may impact the species, and how they can minimize/mitigate/monitor those impacts. In addition, the documents may be useful for identifying research needs to direct various funds, as a first step towards recovery planning, or for informing the general public. We intend the documents to be comprehensive and inclusive of scientific and experiential knowledge of the species and its conservation. The documents incorporate information on current conservation efforts, conservation opportunities and research needs. Interviews with stakeholders were held to identify information that should be included in conservation guidance documents. We prioritized document production for species that were frequently the subject of Incidental Take Authorizations or were consulted on in the IDNR’s EcoCat program. Initial literature reviews was conducted to produce first draft documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
    Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiropterology Division BC Arizona Trial Event 1 1. DESCRIPTION: Participants Will Be Assessed on Their Knowledge of Bats, With
    Chiropterology Division BC Arizona Trial Event 1. DESCRIPTION: Participants will be assessed on their knowledge of bats, with an emphasis on North American Bats, South American Microbats, and African MegaBats. A TEAM OF UP TO: 2 APPROXIMATE TIME: 50 minutes 2. EVENT PARAMETERS: a. Each team may bring one 2” or smaller three-ring binder, as measured by the interior diameter of the rings, containing information in any form and from any source. Sheet protectors, lamination, tabs and labels are permitted in the binder. b. If the event features a rotation through a series of stations where the participants interact with samples, specimens or displays; no material may be removed from the binder throughout the event. c. In addition to the binder, each team may bring one unmodified and unannotated copy of either the National Bat List or an Official State Bat list which does not have to be secured in the binder. 3. THE COMPETITION: a. The competition may be run as timed stations and/or as timed slides/PowerPoint presentation. b. Specimens/Pictures will be lettered or numbered at each station. The event may include preserved specimens, skeletal material, and slides or pictures of specimens. c. Each team will be given an answer sheet on which they will record answers to each question. d. No more than 50% of the competition will require giving common or scientific names. e. Participants should be able to do a basic identification to the level indicated on the Official List. States may have a modified or regional list. See your state website.
    [Show full text]
  • Echolocation and Foraging Behavior of the Lesser Bulldog Bat, Noctilio Albiventris : Preadaptations for Piscivory?
    Behav Ecol Sociobiol (1998) 42: 305±319 Ó Springer-Verlag 1998 Elisabeth K. V. Kalko á Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler Ingrid Kaipf á Alan D. Grinnell Echolocation and foraging behavior of the lesser bulldog bat, Noctilio albiventris : preadaptations for piscivory? Received: 21 April 1997 / Accepted after revision: 12 January 1998 Abstract We studied variability in foraging behavior of can be interpreted as preadaptations favoring the evo- Noctilio albiventris (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae) in Costa lution of piscivory as seen in N. leporinus. Prominent Rica and Panama and related it to properties of its among these specializations are the CF components of echolocation behavior. N. albiventris searches for prey in the echolocation signals which allow detection and high (>20 cm) or low (<20 cm) search ¯ight, mostly evaluation of ¯uttering prey amidst clutter-echoes, high over water. It captures insects in mid-air (aerial cap- variability in foraging strategy and the associated tures) and from the water surface (pointed dip). We once echolocation behavior, as well as morphological spe- observed an individual dragging its feet through the cializations such as enlarged feet for capturing prey from water (directed random rake). In search ¯ight, N. al- the water surface. biventris emits groups of echolocation signals (duration 10±11 ms) containing mixed signals with constant-fre- Key words Bats á Echolocation á Foraging á quency (CF) and frequency-modulated (FM) compo- Evolution á Piscivory nents, or pure CF signals. Sometimes, mostly over land, it produces long FM signals (duration 15±21 ms). When N. albiventris approaches prey in a pointed dip or in aerial captures, pulse duration and pulse interval are Introduction reduced, the CF component is eliminated, and a termi- nal phase with short FM signals (duration 2 ms) at high The development of ¯ight and echolocation give bats repetition rates (150±170 Hz) is emitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammal Diversity Before the Construction of a Hydroelectric Power Dam in Southern Mexico
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 42.1 (2019) 99 Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico M. Briones–Salas, M. C. Lavariega, I. Lira–Torres† Briones–Salas, M., Lavariega, M. C., Lira–Torres†, I., 2018. Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 42.1: 99–112, Doi: https:// doi.org/10.32800/abc.2019.42.0099 Abstract Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico. Hydroelectric power is a widely used source of energy in tropical regions but the impact on biodiversity and the environment is significant. In the Río Verde basin, southwestern of Oaxaca, Mexico, a project to build a hydroelectric dam is a potential threat to biodiversity. The aim of this work was to determine the parameters of mammals in the main types of vegetation in the Río Verde basin. We studied richness, relative abundances, and diversity of the community in general and among groups (bats, small mammals and medium and large–sized mammals). In the temperate forests, small mammals were the most diverse while medium–sized mammals and large mammals were the most diverse in land transformed by humans. As the Río Verde basin shelters 15 % of the land mammal species of Mexico, if the hydroelectric power dam is constructed, mitigation measures should include rescue programs, protection of the nearby similar forests, and population monitoring, particularly for endangered species (20 %) and endemic species (14 %). In a future scenario, whether the dam is constructed or not, management measures will be necessary to increase forest protection, vegetation corridors and corridors within the agricultural matrix in order to conserve the current high mammal diversity in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Echolocation in Bats: a Comparative Approach
    The evolution of echolocation in bats: a comparative approach Alanna Collen A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London. November 2012 Declaration Declaration I, Alanna Collen (née Maltby), confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, this is indicated in the thesis, and below: Chapter 1 This chapter is published in the Handbook of Mammalian Vocalisations (Maltby, Jones, & Jones) as a first authored book chapter with Gareth Jones and Kate Jones. Gareth Jones provided the research for the genetics section, and both Kate Jones and Gareth Jones providing comments and edits. Chapter 2 The raw echolocation call recordings in EchoBank were largely made and contributed by members of the ‘Echolocation Call Consortium’ (see full list in Chapter 2). The R code for the diversity maps was provided by Kamran Safi. Custom adjustments were made to the computer program SonoBat by developer Joe Szewczak, Humboldt State University, in order to select echolocation calls for measurement. Chapter 3 The supertree construction process was carried out using Perl scripts developed and provided by Olaf Bininda-Emonds, University of Oldenburg, and the supertree was run and dated by Olaf Bininda-Emonds. The source trees for the Pteropodidae were collected by Imperial College London MSc student Christina Ravinet. Chapter 4 Rob Freckleton, University of Sheffield, and Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. 2 Declaration Chapter 5 Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. Chapter 6 Joseph W.
    [Show full text]