HSRC Research Conference: Introduction
THE 2013 HSRC SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Inequalities and Justice: Influences, Effects, Intersections and Evidence
26 and 27 September 2013 Birchwood Conference Centre
Biannual research conference convened by the
HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL
HSRC Research Conference: Introduction
THE HSRC CONFERENCE AND THE WORLD SOCIAL SCIENCE FORUM IN 2015 The HSRC, CODESRIA, the University of Johannesburg and the University of Fort Hare will be hosting the World Social Science Forum (WSSF) in 2015 in South Africa. In framing the 2013 HSRC conference the HSRC seeks to offer researchers a platform to prepare for the 2015 WSSF by critically reviewing current research, ideas and policy around the theme of Transforming global relations for a just world. The outcome of this year’s HSRC conference will hopefully inform the deliberations of 2015 and generate fresh ideas, which we trust will enrich research leading to and beyond 2015.
Possible sub‐themes for the WSSF 2015 1. Global inequality (income inequality, production and consumption); 2 Politics and global inequality (focus here is on how global politics promote inequality of nations e.g. Trade issues, military power); 3. Cultural dominance and horizontal inequality; 4. Global Health and inequality; 5. Inequality in access to quality education; 6. The role of migration and remittances in reducing income inequality; 7. Climate change and consequent inequality; 8. Global governance and policies to end inequality; 9. Capabilities, inequalities and human rights; 10. Social justice and the global order.
It is sometimes claimed that justice is not a matter of reasoning at all; it is one of being appropriately sensitive and having the right nose for injustice….It seems natural to protest rather than reason elaborately about justice and injustice….[However’, cases of injustice may be more complex and subtle than the assessment of an observable calamity. (Amartya Sen 2009:4)
In the end we must remember that no amount of rules or their enforcement will defeat those who struggle with justice on their side (Nelson Mandela at the 50th Anniversary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Geneva, Switzerland, 19 May 1998)
Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well‐arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests. (John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 1999)
The people are learning that you cannot leave decisions only to leaders. Local groups have to create the political will for change, rather than waiting for others to do things for them. That is where positive, and sustainable, change begins. It is important to nurture any new ideas and initiatives which can make a difference for Africa. (Wangari Maathai)
This year’s HSRC Social Science and Humanities conference adopts the theme “Inequalities and Justice: Influences, Effects, Intersections and Evidence,” and builds on the 2011 conference that invited multi‐disciplinary social science and humanities evidence‐based perspectives that brought into stark relief the influences and effects of inequalities and injustice in South Africa. This year’s conference considers the intersections of wealth, gender, race, disability, age & intergenerationality, rural/urban divisions, class and geography on continued inequality as it may affect livelihoods, households and well‐being.
1 HSRC Research Conference: Introduction
There is already much that we know about the idea of justice and by extension, inequality and injustice. We know that inequality and injustice are common, occur on multiple levels, and frequently intersect. There is an abundance of research on economic inequality and its effect on the quality of life and social relations within countries of the world. Many studies have shown significant relationships between economic and social inequalities and violence, crime rates, community involvement, political participation and policy making, health and life expectancy, social cohesion, trust and even human happiness.
Furthermore, we also know how inequalities and injustice produced by unequal distribution of wealth, low quality education, social fragmentation, unjust labour practices and accidents of birth lead to unfair discrimination and thwarted opportunities for human development. From economic disparities where 10% of the country earns and owns 90% of its wealth; to gender differences where women do two‐thirds of the world’s work, own 1% of the world’s wealth, and occupy 14% of leadership positions; to educational and employment incongruences in which those living in poverty are also subject to poor quality education, exorbitant lending practices, food insecurity, are least likely to be employed, and frequently live in isolated and alienated communities. Of course these inequalities are never discrete and are compounded and intersect such that those who occupy multiple positions of inequality are most severely affected, such as poor black women.
It is submitted that what we need now is a focused South African and African perspective on inequalities; a deepened understanding of how many of South Africa’s intractable challenges are rooted in an inability to recognise much less close ever widening gaps of opportunity, means, status and privilege; a commitment to disrupt these, based on evidence, as urgent matters of both moral justice and national development; and fresh perspectives on policy and programmatic level strategies for their amelioration. This year’s conference offers an opportunity to consolidate our knowledge of inequalities and injustices and move forward on strategic programmes of action and research.
Flowing from the above, we encouraged presenters to consider presentations, addressing the conference broad themes framed above, that may also cover, but are not limited to: • The Centennial Commemoration of the 1913 Land Act • 20 years of democracy • Commemorating a South African Heritage: Archive, Memories, Identities • The gendered nature of violence • South Africa in the world: The new global agenda on development
Objectives of the HSRC Conference: • further develop coverage of appropriate, topical and pertinent debates, issues and ideas to the theme of inequality and justice; • provide next‐generation insights that advance empirical, conceptual and political interpretation and understanding of inequality and justice; • stimulate collaboration, networking and debate among all HSRC researchers and creating an awareness of the range of current and planned research work in the HSRC; • stimulate submissions that also have a stronger humanities focus in terms of coverage; • create opportunities for up‐and‐coming researchers to make presentations and engage with their colleagues. It is therefore expected that all HSRC researchers will participate in the conference; • encourage all HSRC researchers to meet and get to know one another, discuss work across boundaries, debate issues on the role and nature of our research, and make proposals on how to maximize the impact of our research; • stimulate publications based on conference presentations.
The Programme Committee members finalised a conference programme that endeavours to meet the above objectives. Presentations will be in the form of research reports on completed projects, reports on research work in progress, research proposals, and conceptual think pieces.
The publishing of outputs is a major focus in this year’s HSRC Research Conference. It is envisaged that a special issue of the journal Social Justice will result from the conference, as well as a possible edited collection of essays to be published by the HSRC Press. We are hoping that presenters will consider submitting their papers to special issues of peer‐review journals
2 HSRC Research Conference: Introduction
and/or contribute to the publishing of a book of selected papers that are to be presented at the conference. We encourage all presenters to participate in this initiative of the conference. Editors and co‐editors will be determined during the conference planning process.
This year, the HSRC Research Conference Committee, comprising of Prof. Alinah Segobye (Convenor), Dr Temba Masilela, Prof. Vasu Reddy, Dr Hester du Plessis, Ms Bridgette Prince, Prof. Oladele Arowolo, Dr Christa Van Zyl, Ms Segametsi Molawa, Prof. Narnia Bohler‐Muller, Dr Zitha Mokomane, Dr Nolutho Diko, Ms Ina van der Linde, Ms Shirin Motala, Ms Tsitsi Chakauya, Ms Carolina Roscigno, Mr Julian Jacobs, Mr Jeremy Wightman, Dr Heidi van Rooyen, Ms Ella Mathobela, and Ms Arlene Grossberg (secretariat), reviewed the format of the programme, allowing for a variety of presentation.
3 HSRC Research Conference: Programme
THURSDAY 26 SEPTEMBER 2013 Venue: Le Grande Centre, Birchwood Conference Centre
09:00 – 10:30 Registration Venue: Foyer, Silverleaf
Plenary Session Venue: Silverleaf, Le Grande Centre
10:30 – 10:40 1. Welcome: Prof. Olive Shisana – CEO, HSRC
10:40 – 12:00 Plenary Session ‘Inequalities and Justice: Influences, Effects, Intersections and Evidence’ Chair: Dr Temba Masilela – DCEO: Research, HSRC
10:40 – 11:00 2. Keynote address: Inequality in Africa's Contemporary development Experience. Prof. Adebayo Olukoshi, HSRC Board
11:00 – 11:20 3. Discussion
11:20 – 11:40 4. Why inequality matters: South African trends and interventions Mr Joel Netshitenzhe, MISTRA
11:40 – 12:10 5. Discussion
12:10 – 12:40 6. Address: Mr Derek Hanekom, Minister of Science and Technology
12:40 – 13:00 7. Discussion
13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Venue: TBC
13:40 – 14:00 8. CEO Prof. O. Shisana address to interns. Venue : Silverleaf Venue:
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BREAKAWAY SESSIONS Session A Session B Session C Session D Session E Session F Varna (Petit Silverleaf Acacia 1 Acacia 2 Acacia 3 Candlewood Centre) 14:00 – 15:30 14:00 – 15:30 14:00 – 15:30 14:00 – 15:30 14:00 – 15:30 14:00 – 15:30 Global Inequality: Migration and Capabilities, Cultural dominance Economics growth Social justice and the Global health and remittance in inequalities and and horizontal paths and global order inequality reducing income human rights inequality employment creation inequality Prof. Phindile Ms Judith Dr Temba Masilela Prof. Leickness Dr Vanessa Barolsky Dr Dorina Onoya Lukhele‐Olorunju February (DCEO, Research) Simbayi (HAST) (DGSD) (HAST) (AISA) (DGSD)
9. Analysing job 12. Uptake and 15. White privilege, 18. Contested 21. Are behavioural 25. Circular creation effects of adherence of infant male privilege: landscapes: A interventions migration in scaling up feeding practices Examining the comparison of land effective at South Africa: infrastructure among women usefulness of Peggy ownership issues in population health Challenges and spending in South receiving prevention McIntosh’s approach Botswana and South level? Authors: Prof. approaches Africa. Author: Prof. of mother‐to‐child for exploring Africa with specific Pamela Naidoo (PHHSI) & Author: Prof. Margaret Chitiga‐ transmission intersecting reference to Ms Alexander Ernst Monde Mabugu (EPD) services at Nkangala privileges in South heritage landscape; Makiwane (HSD) district, South Africa. Africa. Authors: Ms game reserves and 22. Health system 10. South Africa's Authors: Dr Julia Emma Arogundade, national parks. barriers to care‐ 26. Territorial Industrial Policy Louw & Prof. Karl Ms Danya Davis & Authors: Prof. A.K. seeking for symp‐ specialisation: Action Plan 20 years Peltzer (HAST) Prof. Sharlene Swartz Segobye (RIA) and Dr toms suggestive of Focus on South into democracy: (HSD) Boga Manatsha TB in Malawi. Authors: African cities. Advancing or 13. The restitution (Botswana National Moses Kumwenda, (College Author: Ms detracting from the of personhood: An 16. Poverty and Youth Council) of Medicine, Malawi), S'bonisile Zama National expanded paradigm inequality: Graham Hart(University (PHHSI)
Development Plan? for social justice and Threatening a 19. The architecture College London), Nicola
Author: Mr reconciliation in socially inclusive that works for the Desmond (University of 27.A network Siphesihle Dumisa South Africa and South African African urban poor: Liverpool), Augustine Choko approach for (DGSD) other broken spaces. society. Authors: Dr Bridging formal‐ (Malawi Liverpool analysing a Authors: Prof. Yule Derek Davids, informal approaches Welcome), Geoffrey ‘North‐South’
11. The role and Sharlene Swartz and Mr Benjamin to land and housing Chipungu(College of development contribution of the Mr Duncan Scott Roberts, Ms Jare delivery. Author: Dr Medicine, Malawi), Elizabeth network South African money (HSD) Struwig and Mr Trynos Gumbo (AISA) L. Corbett(London School of organisation market towards Moses Sithole Hygiene and Tropical (DNO) financial 14. The childfree (DGSD) 20. Unmapping local Medicine), Dr Jeremiah developing development. ‘choice’: Childfree and global Chikovore (HAST) optometry Author: Ms Yvonne boundaries: African capacity in social identity 17. The silence of 23. Developing a Gwenhure (EPD) construction in Diaspora’s youth Mozambique health policies on imagination and Prevention with Author: Dr Il‐ virtual spaces. management of Positives (PwP) Author: Dr Tracy possibilities of haam Petersen language diversity: ‘home’. Author: Dr package for key (ESD) Morison (HSD) Implications on populations in Cape Ernest Nene Khalema equitable access and (HSD) Town, Durban and adherence to HIV Johannesburg, South treatment. Author: Africa. Authors: Ms Dr Konosoang Allanise Cloete; Prof. Sobane (RIA) Leickness Simbayi; Mr Yogandra Naidoo; Ms Jacqueline Mthembu; Ms Vuyelwa Mehlomakhulu; Ms Fiona Guerra; Mr Thiyane Duda & Dr Jeremiah Chikovore (HAST)
24. Autism in South Africa: A pilot study addressing the need for culture‐fair testing. Author: Mrs: Aurene Wilford, HSD
5 HSRC Research Conference: Programme
15:30 – 16:00 Tea break
BREAKAWAY SESSIONS Session G Session H Session I Session J Session K Session L Silverleaf Acacia 1 Acacia 2 Acacia 3 Candlewood Varna (Petit Centre) 16:00 – 17:30 16:00 – 17:30 16:00 – 17:30 16:00 – 17:30 16:00 – 17:30 16:00 – 17:30 Social Global governance Capabilities, fragmentation: Global health and Social justice and Inequality in access to and policies to end inequalities and narratives and inequalities the global order quality education inequality human rights performances Dr Angelique Prof. Alinah Dr Mpumi Zungu Dr Heidi van Dr Greg Houston Dr Cas Prinsloo Wildschut Segobye (RIA) (CEO office) Rooyen (HAST) (DGSD) (ESD) (ESD)
28. ‘Theory and 32. ‘Taking 35. Do I care? 39. Left behind in a 43. South Africa 47. Gaining formal practice at the advantage of every Understanding care democratic society: and the access into the research‐policy opportunity I get’: in its material and A case of some ‘demographic Master’s in Clinical nexus’. Dr Temba Renegotiating racial conceptual farm school natural transition’ Psychology Masilela DCEO, identities in the paradigms. Author: science teachers in possibilities. programme: Research pursuit of a brighter Prof. Vasu Reddy South Africa. Author: Prof. Advantages of an future. Authors: Mr (HSD) Authors: Dr Bongani Oladele Arowolo legitimation code 29. State of Jean‐Paul Solomon D. Bantwini (RIA) & (RIA) analysis. Authors: Ms constitutional (HSD) & Ariane De 36. Desirable Dr Nosisi Feza (ESD) Genevieve Haupt democracy after 20 Lannoy (Children’s’ scenarios of the 44. Reparations for (ESD) years Author: Ms Institute, Cape antiretroviral 40. Promoting apartheid‐era Judith February, Town) treatment protection of human rights 48. Systematic code (DGSD) programme that is citizens’ rights and abuses: The switching as an 33. Internalising least likely to occur equal access to ongoing struggle of appropriate strategy 30. Breaking the the externalities: in the next two information in Khulumani Support for the bilingual rural‐urban divide Accounting for the decades (by 2030). South African Group. Support teaching of through service social costs of Authors: Dr Batlile libraries, inequality Group. Author: Prof. mathematics and delivery – An conventional Maseko (HAST) and & violation of Narnia Bohler‐ science at evaluation of energy generation Prof. S. Pengpid human rights. Muller (DGSD) intermediate and Ngudza Village in in South Africa. (ULimpopo) Author: Ms Nomusa senior phase classes. Limpopo Province Author: Ms Furzana Biyela (IS) 45. Power and Author : Mr and Murewa village Timol (HSD) 37. Quality of rapid autonomy – Christopher T. Diwu in Zimbabwe. HIV testing in South 41. Developed reflections on (ESD) Author: Ms Africa. Authors: Dr world information people’s struggle Hangwelani Hope 34. A feasibility Aziza Mwisongo, access in a for justice. Author: 49. Stumbling in the Magidimisha (DGSD) study for Prof. Karl Peltzer, developing world Dr Hester du Plessis dark: From developing a child Neo Mohlbane and context: How this (RIA) qualifications to 31. Citizen maltreatment Ms Bomkazi access ultimately employment. registration study. maternal‐risk Tutshana (HAST) assists in the 46. The rule of law Authors: Dr Vijay Authors: Mr assessment and a understanding of in unequal Reddy, Ms Xolani Amukelani Ngobeni confidential review 38. Exploring injustice and societies. Author: Dr Ngazimbi & Mr Dean & Dr Catherine process for child understandings of inequality in South Vanessa Barolsky Janse van Rensburg Ndinda (PHHSI) safeguarding in early childhood Africa. Author: Mr (DGSD) (ESD) South Africa. development: Mark Douglas Frier Author: Dr Developing (IS) 50. Inequalities in Mokhantso Makoae culturally sensitive Education through (PHHSI) qualitative tools in the Lens of the African contexts. 42. Migrants and Young and Authors: Ms social polarisation. Discontent Authors: Candice Rule & Prof. Author: Dr Ms Lizzy Mabotja, Ms Arvin Bhana (HSD) Jacqueline Borel‐ Hlokoma Saladin (EPD) Mangqalaza, Fezile Mdluli, Molemo Ramphalile (ESD)
6 HSRC Research Conference: Programme
17:45– 18:30 51. Delegates checking into rooms
18:30 – 19:30 52 Pre‐dinner cocktails Venue: Oak Chamber bar in the La Grande Centre
19:30 53. Dinner Venue: Oak Chamber in the La Grande Centre
21:30 – Transfer to hotels, the last bus will be at 24:00hrs
7 HSRC Research Conference: Programme
Friday 27 September 2013
06:30 – 7:45 Breakfast at the Birchwood, Airport Grand and Europrime hotel
07:45 – 8:15 Transfer from Airport Grand and Europrime hotel to the Birchwood
Breakaway Sessions Session M Session N Session O Session P Session Q Session R Silverleaf Acacia 1 Acacia 2 Acacia 3 Candlewood Varna(Petit Centre) 8:30 – 10:00 8:30 – 10:00 8:30 – 10:00 8:30 – 10:00 8:30 – 10:00 8:30 – 10:00 Commemorating a Economics growth Global governance Social fragmentation: South African paths and Global health and Inequality and access and policies to end narratives and Heritage: Archive, employment inequality to quality education inequality performances Memories, Identities creation Prof. Oladele Mr Shandir Mr Charl van der Prof. Pamela Naidoo Prof. Charles Dr Glenda Kruss Arowolo Ramlagan Merwe (AISA) (PHHSI) Hongoro (PHHSI) (ESD) (RIA) (HAST)
54. The African 57. Justice and 61. Spatial trends of 65. ‘The Second 68. Understanding 71. Public attitudes Development Bank justiciability: The unemployment: War of Liberation’: male, female and to science in South and sustainable role of the Policy implications Political culture couples perceptions Africa. Authors: Prof. human Constitutional Court for South Africa. and the marketing of medical male cir‐ Vijay Reddy, Mr development: What in addressing Author: Ms Gina of economic policy cumcision in tradi‐ Michael Gastrow, Ms lessons for a BRICS inequalities in South Weir‐Smith (PHHSI) in the African tionally non‐circum‐ Andrea Juan (ESD), Development Bank? Africa. Authors: Dr National Congress cising communities Mr Benjamin Author: Mr Gary Olivia K Lwabukuna 62. Intersecting (ANC). Authors: Dr in KwaZulu‐Natal. Roberts (DGSD) Pienaar (DGSD) (AISA) identities: Race, Rushil Ranchod Authors: Mr Hilton sexual politics and (ESD) Humphries, Dr Lucia Knight, 72. Assessment for 55. The economy‐ 58. Documenting the place in the Prof. Heidi van Rooyen learning and the wide impacts of the legacy of South discourses of young, 66. Changing (HAST), Meighan Krows, South African South African Child Africa’s liberation gender, non‐ artisanal Ruanne Barnabas classroom: Towards Support Grant: A struggle: The conforming occupational (UWashington) and Connie mapping of the micro‐simulation‐ National Liberation ‘coloured’ persons on milieus and Celum (UWashington). affordances, computable general Heritage Route. Cape Town’s urban identities: Towards impedances and equilibrium analysis. Authors: Dr Gregory peripheries. Author: clearer 69. ‘‘Beer and braai’: opportunities. Authors: Prof. Houston,Mr Nedson Ms Nadia Sanger identification and a South African Authors: Mr Margaret Chitiga‐ Pophiwa, Mr Kombi (HSD) understanding of health‐promotion Matthews Matome Mabugu, Luca Tiberti Sausi, Ms Sipisihle lingering framework for Makgamatha (ESD) (Laval Univ.), Helene Dumisa and Ms 63. Social values inequalities. reducing alcohol‐ Maisonnave (Laval Dineo Seabe (DGSD) underlying multiple Authors: Dr related harm. Authors: 73. Understanding Univ), Stephane sexual partnerships Angelique Dr Liezille Jacobs & Dr Nelia the effect of schools Hoareau (Laval 59. Mafeje and in South Africa. Wildschut and Ms Steyn (PHHSI) on South African
Univ), Véronique Magubane: Two Authors: Dr Dorina Tamlynne Meyer 70. Uthando Lwe‐ learners ‐ what we Robichaud, Ramos concepts of the Onoya, Dr Khangelani (ESD) thu: A couples‐ know from 2011 Mabugu (Financial ‘South African Zuma, Dr based intervention TIMSS data. and Fiscal Revolution’ . Author: Nompumelelo Zungu, 67. Mining and aimed at increasing Authors: Dr George Commission) and Mr Mr Bongani Nyoka Prof. Olive Shisana industrial rates of HIV testing Frempong & Mrs Stewart Ngandu (ESD) (CEO), Ms Vuyelwa development in among heterosexual Lolita Winnaar (ESD) (EPD) Mehlomakhulu South Africa at 20 couples in KwaZulu‐ 60. Domestic water (HAST) years of Natal. Authors: Mr 74. Education 56. Sharing the supply: Household democracy: The Thulani Ngubane, Dr Lucia policies geared dividends: dynamics and case of China and Knight, Dr Nuala McGrath towards improving addressing gender relations in 64. Experiences of South Africa. (London School of Hygene), education quality: inequality the water deficient black women in the Authors: Ms Funeka Prof. Heidi van Rooye exploring the lived Bafokeng way. villages in Amatole workplace: Has Yazini April (AISA) (HAST), Dr Katherine Fritz experiences of Authors: Dr Gerard Hagg, district municipality gender legislation (ICRW), Vicky Hosegood, orphaned learners. Prof. Modimowabarwa in the Eastern Cape. helped? Authors: Ms Prof. Mallory Author: Dr Charlotte Kanyane, Mr Nedson Author: Mr Kombi Gladys Ntabanyane (RIA), Johnson(UCSF), Lynae Motha( ESD) Pophiwa, Mr Mojalefa Sausi (DGSD) Thando Maseti (DCEO Darbes (UCSF) Dipholo (DGSD) office) 10:00 – 10:30 Tea break and hotel check out
8 HSRC Research Conference: Programme
Session S Session T Session U Session V Session W Session X Silverleaf Acacia 1 Acacia 2 Acacia 3 Candlewood Varna(Petit Centre) 10:30 – 12:00 10:30 – 12:00 10:30 – 12:00 10:30 – 12:00 10:30 – 12:00 10:30 – 12:00
Climate change and Human capital Gender inequalities Policy instruments Cultural dominance Global health and consequent development and at home and in the and delivery and horizontal inequality inequality structural change market mechanisms inequality
Prof. Sharlene Dr Bongani Bantwini Dr Nadia Sanger Dr Hester du Plessis Dr Khangelani Zuma Mr Fabian Arends Swartz (HSD) (RIA) (HSD) (RIA) (RDMC unit) (ESD)
75. The Green 78. The relative 81. ‘Moffies’ and 84. Global 88. The VUKA 90. Examining the Accord: Will it help impact of language gay men becoming governance and Family Programme: factors to address factors on TIMSS ‘real’ men: How policies to end Implementation characteristic of inequality in a learner ulwaluko facilitates inequality: Where challenges and risky sexual greener South achievement. tolerance of does research pragmatic concerns behaviour in a high‐ African economy? Authors: Ms Shawn ‘moffies’ and gay integrity fit in? of a family‐based risk sexual group. Authors: Dr Leanne Rogers and Dr Cas men in Gugulethu, Authors: Dr Christa psychosocial Authors: Ms Zandile Seeliger and Prof. Prinsloo (ESD) Cape Town. Authors: Van Zyl and Ms intervention to Masango, Dr Lucia Ivan Turok (EPD) Mr Thiyane Duda Thando Maseti promote health and Knight, 79. Wellbeing in the (HAST) (DCEO office) mental health Prof. Heidi van workplace – among HIV+ early Rooyen (HAST) 76. Climate change’s exploring the work 82. A cluster ran‐ 85. Government adolescents in dual injustice; Case values and sources domised controlled policies in relation health facilities in 91. Masihambisane, study of Dar es of job satisfaction in trial evaluating the to quality of KwaZulu‐Natal. lessons learnt using Salaam Tanzania. South Africa. efficacy of peer education in six Authors: Prof. Arvin participatory Authors: Dr Author: Ms Bongiwe mentors to support SADC countries Bhana, Ms Santhana indigenous Shingirirai Savious Mncwango (ESD) South African wo‐ (Botswana, Lesotho, Gengiah, Ms knowledge research Mutanga and Mr men living with HIV Namibia, South Sphindile approaches in a Muhammed Sheik 80. Panel and their infants. Africa, Zambia and Machanyangwa on school‐based Oumar (AISA) discussion: Social Authors: M Rotheram Zimbabwe). behalf of the VUKA collaborative project dynamics of (University of Authors: Ms Anna Study team. (HSD) of the Eastern Cape. innovation for California), Prof. Linda Xoyane and Prof. Authors: Prof. 77. The state of equitable Richter, Dr Alastair van Phindile Lukhele‐ 89. The association Thenjiwe Meyiwa, food security R&D in transformation in Heerden (HAST), Dr Olorunju (AISA) between gender Ms Tebello Letsekha South Africa. rural South Africa. Heidi van Rooyen, M roles and risky & Ms Lisa Wiebesiek Authors: Dr Moses Panel: Tomlinson (University of 86. Public spaces as sexual behaviour (HAST) Mefika Sithole & Ms a)Where does rural Stellenbosch), J incubators for among adolescents
Nolitha Nkobole innovation fit into Harwood (University of change in Cape in a township in 92. Regenerating (CESTII) California), Z Tang Cape Town. Author: lost literacy and South Africa’s ST&I Town? Untamed (University of urban practices in a Ms Nolusindiso language policies?‐ Mr Tim Hart California), A Stein contested city. Ncitakalo (HAST) development in b)Innovation (University of Oxford) Authors: Ms Diana remote rural school activities in spatially Sanchez Betancourt – an evaluation.
marginalised 83. Correlates of and Ms Elmé Vivier Authors: Dr Cas consistent condom Prinsloo and Ms localities‐ Ms Hlokoma (DGSD) use among recently Shawn Rogers Mangqalaza initiated and tradi‐ 87. Universities (ESD) c)Patterns of ICT tionally circumcised and innovation for penetration in rural men in the rural inclusive 93. Exploring gender South Africa – Mr areas of the Eastern development: inequalities in the Cape Province, Muslim household. Kgabo Ramoroka preliminary South Africa. Authors: evidence from Author: Ms Safiyya d)Measuring and Dr Anam Nyembezi; Prof. South African case Goga (HSD) evaluating the RAC Ruiter (Maastricht studies. Authors: Dr innovative University), Prof. B van den Glenda Kruss, Mr capabilities in rural Borne(Maastricht Michael Gastrow, Mr areas: reviewing University), Dr S Sifunda Bongani Nyoka (ESD) methodology wars – (HAST), I Funani (MRCSA), Dr Peter Jacobs & Ms Alex Prof. Priscilla Reddy (PHHSI) Mhula
12:00 – 13:00 94. Lunch Venue TBC
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Session Y Session I Session II Session III Session IV Session V Silverleaf Acacia 1 Acacia 2 Acacia 3 Candlewood Varna(Petit Centre) 13:00 – 14:30 13:00 – 14:30 13:00 – 14:30 13:00 – 14:30 13:00 – 14:30 13:00 – 14:30 Economics growth Social Provision and Human capital Spatial and paths and fragmentation: Global health and financing of social development and generational employment narratives and inequality protection structural change dimensions creation performances Dr Nosisi Feza‐ Dr Leanne Seeliger Prof. Vasu Reddy Prof. Dan Ncayiyana Dr Zitha Mokomane Prof. Arvin Bhana Piyose (EPD) (HSD) (PHHSI) (HSD) (HSD) (ESD)
95. Middle class 98. Understanding 101. Panel: Agrarian 103. Dropping in, 107. Knowledge 111. Lessons learnt consumption and its barriers to safe sex reform and rural stopping out, and about termination in a HIV behavioural meanings: a case for people in long poverty reduction: staying: South of pregnancy among survey using study of black civil term relationships Insights from new African higher young people in the respondent driven servants in Pretoria. in the rural Amatole South African education student rural areas of the sampling (RDS) Author: Ms Amanda Basin. Authors: Mr evidence. Authors: outcomes, 2006‐ Limpopo Province. among men who Mtshengu (HSD) Msweli Sakhile Dr Peter Jacobs, Mr 2010. Author: Mr Authors: Prof. have sex with men (HAST) & Dr Mary Tim Hart, Dr Charles Michael Cosser Thelmah Xavela (MSM) in three 96. Socio‐economic van der Riet (UKZN) Nemachena, Ms (Capacity Maluleke (PHHSI) & South African cities. inequality and HIV. Shirin Motala (EPD) Enhancement Unit) Dr Sylvia Vuledzani Authors: Ms Allanise Authors: Dr Njeri 99. Negotiating Presentations: Hadzhi (UVenda) Cloete; Prof. Leickness Wabiri (HAST), manhood among Land acquisition 104. Anaylisis of Simbayi; Prof. Thomas Negussie Taffa, and ‘coloured’ men in and ownership – Mr Trends in South 108. Towards an Rehle; Loraine Dr Khangelani Zuma the Western Cape. Tim Hart; African understanding of Townsend (MRC); Ms (RDMC) Authors: Mrs Agricultural Mathematics and the spatial aspects Yoliswa Notshe; Mr Jacqueline Development Science Survey of social cohesion in Yogandra Naidoo; Dr 97. An exploratory Mthembu (HAST) Support – Dr Peter (TIMSS) The home South Africa. Julia Louw; Prof. study of food retail, Jacobs; Rural and the school ‐ Authors: Ms Gina Pamela Naidoo purchasing and 100. The role of Livelihoods – Ms strong factors in Weir‐Smith and Mr (PHHSI); Dr consumption in housing Shirin Motala; mathematics Tholang Mokhele Musawenkosi Mabaso; Durban, associations in the Institutional performance of (PHHSI) Khanyisile Manzini; Ms Johannesburg and provision of Dynamics – Dr South African Kim Jonas; Ms Pretoria Authors: adequate housing in Charles Nemachena learners. Authors: 109. Intra‐familial Jacqueline Mthembu & Mr Charl van der South Africa: The (EPD) Ms Mariette Visser, sexual violence in Mr Thiyane Duda Merwe (AISA) case of the Housing Ms Andrea Juan and South Africa: (HAST) Association of 102. Agricultural Dr Nosisi Feza (ESD) Disentangling Blaauwberg (HAB). education in South gendered and 112. Explorations Author: Dr Catherine African schools: 105. Inappropriate sexual identities in of HIV risk, Ndinda (PHHSI) apartheid municipal workers’ family spaces to responsibility, anachronism or job behaviour and understand the intimacy and love in developmental performance at the practices of sex rural South Africa opportunity. Buffalo City offenders. Author: (NIMH Project Authors Dr Andrew Metropolitan Dr Benita Moolman Accept‐HPTN 043) Paterson and Mr Municipality. (HSD) Author: Dr Heidi van Fabian Arends (ESD) Author: Mr Rooyen (HAST) Thembinkosi Twalo 110. Chalking up (ESD) some linguistic 113. Quality of HIV confusion. Authors: councilling in South 106. Can numbers Ms Shawn Rogers Africa. Authors: Ms lie? Behind and Dr Cas Prinsloo Yoliswa Ntsepe, N attainment of (ESD) Mohlabane, Prof. Karl universal access to Peltzer, Dr Aziza education. Author: Mwisongo, Ms Dr Nolutho Diko Bomkazi Tutshana & Dr (ESD) Heidi Van Rooyen (HAST)
14:30 – 15:00 Tea
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15:00 – 16:30 Plenary Session: Closing session Venue: Silverleaf Chair: Prof. Alinah Segobye
15:00 – 16:00 Panel Discussion: 114. Citizenship and inequality: the challenges of sustainable human development. Dr Alioune Sall, African Futures Institute Pretoria
115. Is Development Effectiveness the Answer to Africa and Global South’s Development Questions? Implications for discussions on inequality and poverty. Dr Siphamandla Zondi, Director: Institute for Global Dialogue and University of South Africa
116. Developing Sustainably and the Emergence of a New Productive Paradigm. Dr Rasigan Maharajh, Dr Rasigan Maharajh, Chief Director of the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation (IERI) , Faculty of Economics and Finance , Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria
16:00 – 16:30 117. Closure: Dr Temba Masilela (DCEO)
Departure
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ABSTRACTS
THURSDAY 26 SEPTEMBER 2013 Venue: Le Grande Centre, Birchwood Conference Centre
09:00 – 10:30 Registration Venue: Foyer, Silverleaf Plenary Session Venue: Silverleaf, Le Grande Centre
10:30 – 10:40 1. Welcome: Prof. Olive Shisana – CEO, HSRC
10:40 – 12:00 Plenary Session Inequalities and Justice: Influences, Effects, Intersections and Evidence Chair: Dr Temba Masilela – DCEO: Research, HSRC
10:40 – 11:00 2. Keynote address: Inequality in Africa's Contemporary development Experience. Prof. Adebayo Olukoshi, HSRC Board Contemporary narratives about Africa's development experience are dominated by the theme of an Africa that is rising, the last frontier that is opening to global business, the Eldorado that the world has been waiting for, and the new growth pole for the world economy. These narratives point to the rich resource endowments of the continent and the current cycle of growth which it is undergoing. Yet, beneath the narratives of a rising continent are hidden stories of deepening inequality which require to be addressed urgently if Africa is to avoid the pitfalls of growth without development.
11:00 – 11:20 3. Discussion
11:20 – 11:40 4. Why inequality matters: South African trends and interventions Mr. Joel Netshitenzhe (MISTRA) The dynamics of inequality in South Africa have evinced various trends since the advent of democracy. While income inequality among the races may have somewhat declined, this is not necessarily the case with regard to the income gap among various social strata within the population as whole. Rising income inequality is not unique to South Africa: it finds expression in most OECD countries, and even in countries such as China where poverty has been reduced. Yet Brazil seems to have succeeded in the past few years to buck the trend.
What are reasons behind these global trends, and what are the lessons that South Africa can draw from these experiences?
In trying to identify holistic approaches to address inequality, it is necessary to look beyond income inequality and interrogate indicators such as assets, access to services and opportunity, and social capital. These indicators articulate with one another in virtuous or adverse ways, depending on the effectiveness or otherwise of the interventions applied. How does South Africa fare in this regard?
The burden of inequality falls inordinately on the poor and the marginalised. Yet, as Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett demonstrate in their book, The Spirit Level, inequality has a negative impact even on the rich. This relates to such issues as the magnitude of violent crime, educational performance and even teenage pregnancies among both the rich and the poor. It also relates to the magnitude and quality of economic growth. It is therefore in the interest of all sectors of society that inequality is addressed.
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Measures required to deal with inequality include the absorption of more people into economic activity, quality education, efficient public services, progressive taxation and appropriate spatial settlement patterns. While economic growth is critical to dealing with inequality, such growth should be pro‐poor; and pro‐poor economic and social interventions should be pro‐ growth.
It is appropriate that public policy should target both the reduction of poverty and inequality. However, attached to each of these objectives should be realistic targets and timeframes, proceeding from the understanding that the reduction of poverty may not necessarily result in the reduction of inequality.
11:40 – 12:10 5. Discussion
12:10 – 12:40 6. Address: Mr Derek Hanekom, Minister of Science and Technology
12:40 – 13:00 7. Discussion
13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Venue: TBC
13:40 – 14:00 8. CEO Prof. O. Shisana address to interns. Venue : Silverleaf Venue:
BREAKAWAY SESSIONS SESSION A
Venue: Silverleaf Time: 14:00 – 15:30 Theme: Global Inequality: Economics growth paths and employment creation Chair: Dr Temba Masilela (DCEO, Research)
9. Analysing job creation effects of scaling up infrastructure spending in South Africa. Author Prof. Margaret Chitiga‐Mabugu (EPD)
In a first for South Africa, we draw on literature on infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy‐wide employment impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools. According to the South African investment plan, the policy will affect the stock of infrastructure as well as the stock of capital of some private and public sectors.
The literature on the causes of economic growth presents evidence that infrastructure and capital formation are important determinants of economic growth and rising per capita incomes over time as in Asian economies. The question of whether there are economic gains from the provision of higher levels of public spending on capital is fundamental.
This paper reflects on South African infrastructure investment policy, focusing on government infrastructure spending and how alternative financing arrangements will affect employment, in the short and longer‐term. A recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with elaborate labour‐market disaggregation, government budget constraints and alternative funding options for infrastructure scale up is used.
The simulated investment programme is split into three components (a) investment in government sectors that increase the stock of capital of public sectors, (b) investment in infrastructure that does not increase the stock of capital of any sectors in
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particular and can be considered a public good and (c) investment in productive sectors that increase the capital stock of a given sector.
Four different ways of financing these policies are proposed. First, government totally finances the increase. In the next three finance options, government’s deficit is kept constant, and the increased spending is financed through increasing direct taxes on households, increasing firms’ direct taxes, and indirect taxes.
Results will show the impact of infrastructure investment and the effects of various financing options.
10. South Africa's Industrial Policy Action Plan 20 years into democracy: Advancing or detracting from the national development plan? Author: Mr Siphesihle Dumisa (DGSD)
Background: The Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) 2013/14 – 15/16 is the 5th iteration of the three‐year rolling action plan and is located in the vision of the National Development Plan and forms one of the principal pillars of the New Growth Path. IPAP is predicated on the need to bring about significant structural change to the South Africa economy. The existing growth path is led by consumption‐driven sectors, which are said to be growing twice as fast as the productive sectors.
In a nutshell, Chang and Grabel argue that the problem with development theories is that they are fundamentally based on principles espoused from only one perspective rooted in the economic ideologies of the Bretton Woods institutions. The authors succinctly contrast the myths idealised by agents from this perspective to the facts of reality. From these discrepancies, they are able to develop and promote alternative development ideas, including on the important subject of international trade. The hypothesis in this paper is constructed from this premise and seeks to enhance the debate from the side of the alternatives spectrum. The paper argue that neoliberal globalisation perpetuates fallacies which lead developing countries to believe that the international trading system guarantees them access to countless benign elements which characterise developed countries. These fallacies follow the logic of the proverbial convergence theory which encourages the idea of comparative advantage. It is within this framework that Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) is grappled with conceptually.
The paper also embarks on presenting a fairly nuanced and critical summation of contemporary debates which characterise the industry‐development relationship. It is pointed out that current discourse is considerably more multifaceted than historical arguments which simply condensed the industry‐development question to either being for or against the theory of Modernisation.
Methods: Desktop research, literature review, secondary analysis and interpretation of relevant data
Conclusions: Notably on the one hand, from a Washington Consensus point of view, industry and international trade are causally, or some might say intrinsically, related to one another. On the other hand, alternative theorists have vehemently protested against the participation of developing countries in the international trading system in its current form (Akyüz, 2005). Somewhere in the ‘middle’, there have been many views which seek to counter the sentiments of either grand‐ narrative, and instead offer various nuanced propositions about the industrial policies developing countries can successfully implement (Ray, 2007). It is along this continuum of trade policy arguments that this paper’s hypothesis has been formulated, and the discussions herein decipher where on the continuum of views on industrialisation and development South Africa's new industrial policy stands.
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11. The role and contribution of the South African money market towards financial development. Author: Ms Yvonne Gwenhure (EPD)
Background: A focus on financial systems and development in the World Banks World Development Report (1989) also suggest that money markets have an important role they play in financial development. The report advances that such markets can provide a non‐inflationary way to finance government deficits, allow governments to implement monetary policy through open market operations and provide a market based reference point for setting other interest rates. Little research has been conducted on the impact of the money market on financial development and this research aims to explore this further.
Methods: Econometric modelling (ARDL, VAR using time series data
Results: The empirical findings of the study show that the money market proved to be an important driver of financial development in both the banking and financial markets sectors. These findings also deduce that there are other drivers of financial development such as financially liberalized markets, real income and inflation. Conclusions: Money markets that are liberalized foster financial development. However, experience shows that money market liberalization should be accompanied with a sound regulatory framework to avoid crisis.
SESSION B Acacia 1 14:00 – 15:30 Capabilities, inequalities and human rights Chair: Prof. Leickness Simbayi (HAST)
12. Uptake and adherence of infant feeding practices among women receiving prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission services at Nkangala district, South Africa. Author: Dr Julia Louw & Prof. Karl Peltzer (HAST)
Background: The beneficial effects of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) are enormous in the life of an infant. In South Africa, prevention of mother‐to‐ child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is a public health concern of high priority. EBF has the potential to significantly reduce infant mortality but often, it is not practiced in low‐income settings, making infants vulnerable to HIV infection and malnutrition. This study investigated the effect of an infant feeding intervention among mothers attending antenatal care services in PMTCT facilities in Nkangala district. This study was part of a larger PMTCT study which aimed at providing comprehensive community intervention package including five interventions namely male involvement, infant follow‐up, peer support, intimate partner violence and the infant feeding intervention.
Method: Participants were recruited from nine clinics from two sub‐districts in Nkangala. Only mothers who were aged between 18 and 45years were eligible to participate in the study. The sample included 238 women attending antenatal care services at health care facilities. Community workers stationed at the clinic have been conducting group training sessions to pregnant women on nutrition and infant feeding practices. Four feeding categories were created: (1) exclusive breast‐feeding ONLY, (2) exclusive formula feeding ONLY, (3) mixed feeding (breastfeeding + infant formula) and (4) mixed feeding (porridge + milk). After attending the nutrition sessions, women were asked to indicate their current feeding option after attending the sessions.
Results: The majority of the sample (65.6%; n=156) attended up to four sessions, with 20.2% attending between 1‐2 sessions, 45.4% attending between 3‐4 sessions and 34,5% attending 5 and more sessions. The majority of infants (29.4%) were already 6 months (21 to 24 weeks) at time of date collection with only 4% of infants being one month old (1 to 4 weeks). Almost 90% of women indicated that their either exclusively breastfeed or exclusively formula feed their babies, with just
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over 10% of women who practiced mixed feeding. More than half of the sample (65.5%) indicated ONLY exclusively breastfed their babies, with 24.4% ONLY formula feed their babies and 6.3%% mix‐feed their babies with combining breastfeeding and giving infant formula with 3.8%% giving porridge and milk to their babies. Women were also asked about condom use, 56.3% indicated using condoms.
Conclusion: This study has highlighted the need for continuous education services related to infant feeding to women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) services at health care facilities giving the barriers to exclusive breast feeding barriers that contribute to mixed feeding. Efforts to reduce these barriers to exclusive breast feeding need to be intensified. Thus these findings indicate that providing pregnant women with accurate information can help increase knowledge and adherence to treatment. However, the challenges regarding infant feeding practices remain problematic.
Implication for service delivery: An opportunity was created to discuss health related information in a safe environment. There was an appreciation for the new knowledge gained for both participants and community health workers. This intervention provided an environment to build trust over time between participants and community health workers. Community health workers gained confidence in the skill to equip participants with new information.
13. The restitution of personhood: An expanded paradigm for social justice and reconciliation in South Africa and other broken spaces. Authors: Prof. Sharlene Swartz and Mr Duncan Scott (HSD)
Background: This paper reviews historical and contemporary characterisations of restitution after injustice prior to offering a simplified definition and a conceptual model that articulates the ends of restitution, its means as well as its participants. It argues that restitution formally defined as restoring things to how they were prior to the injustice being committed is an aim unlikely to be achieved. Instead, defining restitution more broadly and more simply as making things right and paying back for past wrongs opens up space for action at multiple levels.
Methods: This is a review of literature and a conceptual paper advocating a new framework for considering social inequality in South Africa and other spaces fragmented by conflict and social injustice.
Results: The paper argues for the aims of restitution as being the restitution of personhood, elements of which include restoring dignity, opportunity, means, memory, equality, and citizenship. It shows how restitution thus conceived operates in several domains of agency (interpersonal, social and structural); from multiple positions of engagement (architect, implementer, dishonoured, beneficiary and inheritor); and towards wider ends than legal or financial reparation to include psychological, symbolic and material justice.
Conclusions: At its heart is an effort to shift focus from purely government‐led remedies to highlight and offer a nascent model for action of the many possibilities that exist at a relational level between those dishonoured by injustice and those complicit with it. By explicating and then building on these mainstream and alternative perspectives, this paper addresses the complex relationship between justice and reconciliation. It advocates a model for the restitution of personhood as the bridge between the two to effect transformation in South Africa, with transferable insights to other contexts fragmented by injustice
14. The Childfree ‘choice’: Childfree social identity construction in virtual spaces. Author: Dr Tracy Morison (HSD)
Background: This paper is based on qualitative data collected during an international collaborative study entitled The Childfree ‘Choice’. The project is guided by feminist principles and a reproductive justice perspective, and based upon the premise that the realisation of reproductive health rights depends on the recognition and legitimation of diverse
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reproductive decision‐making experiences and choices, including not having children. In this paper I present the present some preliminary findings from the first phase of the project. This phase concentrated explore the construction and management of childfree people’s online subjectivities, including the ways that they account for their reproductive choices, resist (or collude with) pronatalist and other dominant discourses. Online spaces have become an important source of legitimation, support and information for childfree people. Despite the increasing number of childfree people, and research findings that indicate a moderation in negative societal responses toward chosen childlessness, the social and discursive context in which reproductive choices are made remains profoundly pronatalist. Consequently, childfree people generally construct their identities in contexts that simultaneously valorise reproduction and marginalise those who do not reproduce, assigning them lower status and thus discrediting experiences that seek to redefine the norm. Virtual spaces provide a valuable, non‐threatening research setting to explore identity co/construction and management of childfree people in groups and public spaces.
Methods: Data were collected via country‐specific online discussion groups and interviews in three countries: South Africa, India and Poland by means of an online ethnographic investigation of websites, blogs, discussion groups and other social networking sites dedicated to childfree individuals. The data were analysed using discursive methodology.
SESSION C Acacia 2 14:00 – 15:30 Cultural dominance and horizontal inequality Chair: Prof. Phindile Lukhele‐Olorunju (AISA)
15. White privilege, male privilege: Examining the usefulness of Peggy McIntosh’s approach for exploring intersecting privileges in South Africa. Authors: Ms Emma Arogundade, Ms Danya Davis & Prof. Sharlene Swartz (HSD)
Background: In the 1980s, US scholar, Peggy McIntosh penned a list of forty ways in which she as a white woman was privileged on a daily basis in relation to her African‐American colleagues. It was a candid and raw piece of self‐published writing with no footnotes or references, yet has come to be used widely in undergraduate courses on race and gender across the globe. The corpus of her work expanded to continue examining how to dissipate these privileges. In a recent visit to South Africa she stressed the particular and contextual nature of using her emancipatory methodology for talking of and disrupting privilege.
Methods: Using data from an exercise set for 200 second year sociology students at the University of Cape Town, where students were tasked with translating her list into their own lives in contemporary South Africa, we examine whether her emancipatory methodology is transferable.
Results: Using additional theoretical lenses of ‘pedagogy of the oppressor’ (Davis & Steyn), intersectionality (Hills‐Collins) and kyriarchy (Fiorenza) we reflect on the experience of privilege, and the impact of coming to know one’s privilege in contemporary South Africa, and the usefulness of Peggy McIntosh’s approach.
Conclusions: Contextual sensitivity is always necessary when dealing with issues of identity and privilege, and lessons are drawn for teaching about privilege from a moral standpoint, and in a multicultural context.
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16. Poverty and inequality: Threatening a socially inclusive South African society. Authors: Dr Yule Derek Davids, Mr Benjamin Roberts, Ms Jare Struwig and Mr Moses Sithole (DGSD)
Background: The term ‘social cohesion’ has become common in South African development debates, featured in government planning documents, academic panels, media debates and Parliamentary hearings. Its meaning and importance in these settings are intuitively clear, connoting ‘solidarity’ and a safer, ‘caring’, more equal and harmonious national society. However, numerous events unfolding in our democracy show that the poor and marginalized groups are becoming impatient with the progress government is making in reducing poverty and inequality and in specific addressing basic needs such housing and sanitation. For instance, recently Cape Town Mayor Patricia de Lille was forced to leave the stage at a public meeting on Tuesday 4 June 2013 in Samora Machel. A week ago, a crowd shouted de Lille off the stage during a similar meeting in Philippi (Cape Argus, 5 June 2013). In another instance, a group of people in Khayelitsha threw human waste at a bus on which Western Cape premier Helen Zille and others had travelled to a green economy event on Tuesday 4 June. This incident was preceded by another on Monday 3 June when two men dumped human waste on the steps of the Western Cape legislature in a protest about portable toilets. In this regard, an ANC councillor and youth league member Loyiso Nkohla, and former ANC councillor and banned league member Andile Lili told The Cape Argus it was a "warning" of things to come (SAPA, 5 June 2013). Despite the motives behind these protest actions it is a worrying indication that poverty and inequality are threatening aspirations of a more socially inclusive South African society.
The present study aims to examine whether poverty and inequality in particular, as well as a number of other core factors such as employment, income, health, education and housing, impact on social cohesion. In other words, the proposed study will measure the relationship between economic conditions on social cohesion. Turok et al. (2006) reasons that economic indicators, such as employment and income, must be considered as important preconditions of a socially cohesive society. The authors of the present study define social cohesion in terms of three dimensions: 1) Proudly South African, 2) Racial Trust and 3) Group Identity.
Methods: The present study will employ secondary analysis using the 2012 South African Social Attitude Survey (SASAS). All SASAS surveys are designed to yield a representative sample of adults of 16 years of age and older, regardless of their nationality or citizenship (Pillay, Roberts & Rule, 2006). A series of general linear models will examine the impact of poverty and inequality in particular as well as employment, income, health, education and housing on social cohesion. More specifically, three General Linear Models (GLMs) will be conducted to test for the contribution of each independent variable in predicting the dependent variables. The three dependent variables are 1) Proudly South African, 2) Racial Trust and 3) Group Identity. Proudly South African will be measured by the following two questions: 1) ‘I would rather be a citizen of South Africa than of any other country in the world’ and 2) ‘Generally speaking, South Africa is a better country than most other countries’. Racial trust will be measured by the following two questions: 1) ‘People of different racial groups do not really trust or like each other?’ and 2) ‘People of different racial groups will never really trust or like each other?’ Group Identity will be measured by the following four questions: The extent respondents felt attached to the following types of people? 1) ‘Those who speak the same language as you?’ 2) ‘Those who belong to the same race group as you?’ 3) ‘Those who are in the same financial position as you?’ 4) ‘Those who live in your neighbourhood?’ Results:
In general it is anticipated that the GLMs will demonstrate that South Africa as a society continues to be plagued by large scale inequalities along various dimensions such as your race group and geographic location. Furthermore, these economic inequalities have a negative impact on creating a more unified South Africa which cut across all boundaries. Conclusions:
This article will emphasize that poverty and inequality play an important role on fostering social cohesion. Furthermore, that social cohesion will enhance South Africa’s prospects of democratic consolidation and social stability which in turn will advance our growth and development agenda.
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17. The silence of health policies on management of language diversity: Implications on equitable access and adherence to HIV treatment. Author: Dr Konosoang Sobane (RIA)
Background: It is widely acknowledged that HIV and AIDS infection rates are exceptionally high in sub‐Saharan Africa (cf. Whiteside 2005). This has caused Sub‐Saharan governments to engage in measures aimed at combating the spread of the disease and increasing accessibility of treatment to those who need it. These measures are entrenched in health policies that guide treatment provision and mostly respond adequately to Millennium development goal 6 which is “to combat HIV/AIDS”, with a specific target of “achieving universal access to treatment”.
The nature of HIV and of currently available medication is such that successful verbal communication is an essential pre‐ condition to effective treatment characterised by strict adherence to treatment among other factors. (Anthonissen and Meyer, 2008; Watermeyer and Penn, 2008). In multilingual settings it has been established that the success of verbal communication among patients is often compromised, thereby negatively impacting on patient understanding and adherence. This suggests that policies to improve access to care should also consider linguistic accessibility. This paper is aimed at providing a comparative analysis of health policies in South Africa and Lesotho, to determine their stance on multilingual HIV care provision.
Methods: A descriptive comparative study of health policies on HIV/AIDS care in South Africa and Lesotho was conducted through content analysis. These countries were selected because they have similar national health systems and different patterns of multilingualism. For each country, national or regional plans that included guidelines for provision of HIV/AIDS treatment were analysed along the following dimensions: policy objectives, strategies, and thematisation of language diversity. The analysis will incorporate both explicit and salient themes in order to illuminate the stance of these policies on multilingualism
Results: The analysis shows that the main objectives of these policies are centred on improvement of access to care more especially to women and children. They also focus on the improvement of quality and organisation of care. Main strategies relate to addressing opportunistic health issues; promoting adherence by adequate information dissemination and good health care provider‐patient communication; and improving quality of service provision through professional training. These policies are however silent on the issue of linguistic accessibility of treatment and care, despite the multilingual nature of the healthcare system in both countries. This leaves healthcare institutions, patients and providers with a responsibility of deciding how to manage language diversity without any kind of regulation. This has a negative impact on patients, their understanding of the condition and adherence to treatment.
Conclusions: The fact that HIV/AIDS care policies in the two countries neglect issues of language diversity, despite the significance of communication in this kind of care, has negative implications on patient adherence to treatment. This study recommends the inclusion of a language component in these policies in order to regulate management of language diversity and improve patient adherence.
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SESSION D Acacia 3 14:00 – 15:30 Social justice and the global order Chair: Dr Vanessa Barolsky (DGSD)
18. Contested landscapes: A comparison of land ownership issues in Botswana and South Africa with specific reference to heritage landscape; game reserves and national parks. Author: Prof. A.K. Segobye (RIA) and Dr Boga Manatsha (Botswana National Youth Council)
The Berlin Conference of 1884 conferred on European nations power and control over African territories. Further, the physical colonisation of Africa by European states led to progressive expropriation of land and other resources from African societies. In southern Africa, the discovery of diamonds and later gold ensured the direct appropriation and purchase of large tracts of lands by European traders, speculators and the British colonial government. The conflict and warfare which ensued between various African societies, British and Boer republics would lead to the eventual triumph of European settlers with the Union of South Africa in 1913 and the subsequent architecture of a hybridised colonial – settler government structure for the territory. Further north, the creation of Protectorates and colonies ensured a firm grip on land and other forms of wealth by the British empirical government. The “winds of change” which ushered in independence and on‐going liberation struggles in the region resulted with the wrestling of independence from colonial authorities often without resolution of the land question. To this end, there remain serious contestations with respect to land ownership particularly with the challenges of dispossessed societies still struggling to reclaim their ancestral lands. In the main, the post‐colonial state in southern Africa, and other parts of the continent, more or less followed the land distribution and administration systems of the colonial government. These saw the divisions of land into state, tribal/communal and freehold/private categories. These categories have also been subjected to contestations. This paper examines the relationship, in the post‐colony of state and citizen in respect to land use and ownership particularly in the context of territory identified as cultural heritage and or natural heritage landscapes. The paper will use the examples of the Tswapong Hills heritage landscape, the Central Kalahari Game Reserve and the Chobe National Park in Botswana and the Kgalagadi Trans‐frontier Park; Mapungubwe and Kruger heritage and national parks in South Africa. It will be argued that the attempts, to date, to reform the land use, access and ownership systems of the management of these land resources has not adequately addressed some of the issues facing communities in terms on interaction with land and heritage resources in these landscapes.
Keywords: State Land; Communal Land; Heritage landscapes (WHS; NHRs; CHS); heritage resources; Community and land in southern Africa; contested spaces
19. The architecture that works for the African urban poor: Bridging formal‐informal approaches to land and housing delivery. Author: Dr Trynos Gumbo (AISA)
Background: After conducting the notoriously infamous and strongly detested demolition of illegal extensions and informal settlements, mass evictions and displacements of the urban poor in 2005, the Zimbabwe government innovatively resorted to ensuring social justice by recognising the rights of the urban poor to the cities and allocated tens of thousands housing plots on planned but unserviced schemes. Conventional or formal land and housing delivery systems have repeatedly left out the majority of the urban poor in most developing countries, particularly in African urban centres. Predominantly, the housing units delivered by following the; Planning – servicing‐ Building and Occupation (PSBO) framework have either been too little or too expensive for the majority urban poor. On the other hand, the only available solution to housing problems of the urban poor of squatting and illegal subdivision that follows the Occupation‐Building‐Planning and Servicing (OBPS) has also been inadequate as it lacks basics such as water, sanitation and space leading to overcrowding and health problems and are very costly to the poor as they later lose their investments through demolitions. In the quest to find common ground and
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bridge the gaps between the two approaches to providing basic shelter to the urban poor in African cities, this study proposes the deliberate adoption and use of a significantly adjusted model; the Planning‐Occupation‐ Building and Servicing (POBS) that takes into account the urban poor’s needs, rights, capabilities and gross inequalities inherent in most cities of the developing world.
Methods: Empirical data was gathered from Bulawayo the second largest city in the country through the use of photographic surveys, observations and interviews. The paper therefore explores and highlights the achievements realised and possible areas of improvement of the government’s inventive and unique programme of allocating planned but unserviced plots to the urban poor.
Results: The adoption and use of the POBS model significantly helped to address the traditional problems of small‐scale low‐ income housing programmes that inadvertently miss intended targets and are devoid of affordability considerations. Through the allocation of planned plots that were part of already existing layout plans and the use of approved and uniform but varying house designs, the model helped to ensure orderly development and arrangement of plots that had spaces for future onsite infrastructure development. By making occupation of the allocated plot also a major element of the programme the housing schemes promoted affordability and helped to achieve its targeting objectives as thousands of evictees who genuinely needed a piece of land were comfortable with living in temporary structures pending incremental development of both the plot and onsite infrastructure. Study findings indicated that beneficiaries have extensively developed their plots, putting up structures of varying sizes and levels since 2005. The schemes have also been connected by road to other existing neighbourhoods and the city centre. Field observations also revealed that communal water taps have also been provided and plans are underway to fully service the area as indicated by the co‐operatives and consortiums that have been formed to pool resources together for the purposes of developing the suburb to the status of any other low income housing neighbourhood in the city.
Conclusions: The paper asserts that if African governments commit themselves to enabling and empowering the urban poor to participate and complement efforts and initiatives by a variety of stakeholders; the urban housing problem in the continent’s urban centres will be eradicated significantly. Pursuant to that, it calls for increased and consistent support and promotion of the urban poor’s income generating initiatives that predominantly also lie outside the formal sector activities, thus linking home and work for greater benefits as well as strengthening the demand side instruments in low‐income housing provision discourses.
20. Unmapping local and global boundaries: African Diaspora youth imagination and possibilities of ‘home’. Author: Dr Ernest Nene Khalema (HSD)
Background: Safran’s (1991) theorization of diaspora focused on a ‘myth of return’ discourse, a conscious desire to return from banishment to a specific homeland. This paper extends Safran’s conceptualization of returning home to highlight that the process begins with Africa being imagined, celebrated, and restored in the diaspora. The paper presents the findings of a qualitative study that examined unaccompanied refugee African youths’ lived experiences in Canada post‐migration.
Methods: The research presents twenty‐five narratives of migrant youth from Liberia, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Eritrea, Sierra Leone, and Zimbabwe who have been away from their homeland due to war and strife. Experiencing post migration strain in their host country of Canada, the youth share narratives of their triumphant return to Africa. The discourses of longing and belonging they reveal casts a shadow on the silences and omission in their narratives: discourses of not belonging, inequality, and of social exclusion.
Results: Relegated to the bottom of the stratification system and dominated by Euro‐hegemonic structures in Western countries of refugee, the youth continually struggle to connect to a “home”, leading to different forms of Afro‐optimistic resistance. The data also indicate that in sharing their narratives of return, the youth make historical references to the pan‐
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African and Afrocentric examples of re‐crossings to suggest that the return to Africa is not just physical return to the “homeland”, but also a mental and spiritual journey rooted in the discovery of the African self, Ubuntu.
Conclusions: Emphasizing a triumphant return to Africa, the youths’ ideological and philosophical underpinnings tell us something about the host country, but also the Africa they imagine. As such, “returning” becomes simultaneously a state of being and a process of becoming, a kind of voyage that encompasses the possibility of never arriving or returning, navigation of multiple belongings, and of networks of affiliation.
SESSION E Venue: Candlewood Time: 14:00 – 15:30 Theme: Global health and inequality Chair: Dr Dorina Onoya (HAST)
21. Are behavioural interventions effective at population health level? Authors: Prof. Pamela Naidoo (PHHSI) & Ms Alexander Ernst
Background: Physical and mental health promotion and disease prevention is in large part due to human behavioural responses to known risk factors. Understanding the contribution of individual behaviour to both individual level and population level health (and ill‐health) is critical to health‐related quality of life and well‐being. The epidemiological pattern of both communicable (e.g. TB and HIV) and non‐communicable diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardio‐vascular disease and cancer) globally, including South Africa, is partly attributed to non‐adherent behaviour among individuals who are predisposed to disease, as well as those that have an existing disease condition. It is well established that excessive alcohol use, illicit drug use, incorrect usage of prescribed drugs, propensity towards violence, mental illness and so on, are key drivers in disease onset and exacerbate existing disease conditions. In order to improve the health‐related quality of life and well‐being of individuals, it is important to develop behaviour change interventions that will ultimately achieve population level effect for health promotion and disease prevention.
Methods: Systematic Review Results: Awaited Conclusions: Awaited
22. Health system barriers to care‐seeking for symptoms suggestive of TB in Malawi. Authors: Moses Kumwenda, (College of Medicine, Malawi) , Graham Hart(University College London), Nicola Desmond (University of Liverpool), Augustine Choko (Malawi Liverpool Welcome), Geoffrey Chipungu (College of Medicine, Malawi), Elizabeth L. Corbett (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), Dr Jeremiah Chikovore (HAST)
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease and a leading killer globally. Having shown signs of starting to wane in Africa, TB has resurged in recent years owing to the maturing HIV pandemic in most countries on the continent. It is essential for health systems in high‐burden countries to detect infected persons and draft them onto treatment early in order to prevent on‐going transmission of disease in the community. Yet, health systems within sub‐Saharan Africa, which are already stretched, may not cope with this need for early diagnosis of TB. We carried out a study whose primary aim was to explore barriers for men to access clinical services provided in primary health care centres in urban Blantyre, Malawi.
Methods: Data were collected using focus group discussions with men and women from the community, health care workers; in‐depth interviews with chronically coughing men and women who reported not having sought formal care, and men and women who had recently been diagnosed with TB. A three‐day participatory workshop to feed findings back to stakeholders, and also begin the process of generating interventions was carried out.
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Results: Our findings yielded themes that illuminated barriers for both men and women. Major concerns with primary health systems revolved around convenience (congestion; waiting while hungry; shortage of drugs; lack of punctuality), and courtesy (rudeness; throwing of health‐passports; and lack of confidentiality). The experience of undergoing diagnostic processes with little explanation given was considered disempowering. Patients were disgruntled by seemingly ubiquitous use of antimalarial medicines and paracetamol regardless of actual presenting complaint. Lack of confidence in primary care facilities was heightened by what was described as failure to listen to patients’ concerns. Providers seemed aware the issues raised but felt powerless to improve due to understaffing in the face of high work volumes.
Conclusions: Malawi has a policy of universal access to primary health care. However, this study suggests such access to health services is hampered by challenges that make them costly and inconvenient. For TB, the consequent delay in health‐ seeking may be contributing to on‐going transmission in the community. It seems necessary to pay greater attention to the management of patient flows, and to patient‐provider communication as well as patient rights in order to enhance patient satisfaction.
23. Developing prevention with positives (PwP) package for key populations in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa. Authors: Ms Allanise Cloete; Prof. Leickness Simbayi; Mr Yogandra Naidoo; Ms Jacqueline Mthembu; Ms Vuyelwa Mehlomakhulu; Ms Fiona Guerra; Mr Thiyane Duda & Dr Jeremiah Chikovore (HAST)
Background: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a prevention with positives (PwP) package for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the general population. The PwP package consists of a group education flipchart; clinic poster and a PwP provider card with five HIV prevention steps for PLHIV. The overall aim of our project is to implement a PwP package in public health care facilities that will meet the needs of KPs, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers (SWs) and persons who use drugs (PWUDs), including persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objectives: The main objective of phase one of our project is to market test and culturally adapt the PwP package for health care providers (i.e. nurses and lay counsellors) to their clients (i.e., MSM, SWs, PWUDs including PWIDs) in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg.
Methods: Partnerships with HIV prevention services that work with KPs and representatives of provincial and local departments of health in the three study cities were established. Key informant interviews (n=20) were conducted with health care practitioners and six focus group (FG) discussions were held with members of KPs in order to elicit their views regarding the cultural relevance of the images, text and HIV prevention messages used in the PwP package.
Key results: FG participants felt that the images used in the clinic poster should be more representative of all cultural groups in South Africa. In addition to this, according to key informant interviews, images of KPs on the clinic poster in the waiting room of the clinic might make clients feel more comfortable to disclose risk taking behaviours. However FG participants mentioned that regardless of this, health care practitioners still do not have the capacity to deal with the specific health care needs of KPs. The majority of health care practitioners interviewed did not undergo sensitisation training for working with KPs, such as MSM. In addition to this, health care practitioners also did not receive any training to engage KPs on behaviour change strategies. Overall behaviour change is delivered within a framework of imposing moral and societal codes of ‘good behaviour’. With regards to HIV prevention messages, assumptions are made that vaginal sex is the norm, and there is no mention of other types of sex, hence this information is not necessarily relevant to KPs, such as MSM.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that traditional PwP messages are not necessarily relevant to KPs or HIV messaging may not speak to the specific socio‐demographics of KPs. Moreover interviews with health care practitioners reveal that they are not well versed to care, treat and counsel KPs.
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Implication for policy, activism, and/or service delivery: As HIV prevention interventions for PLHIV progress and scale‐up, countries are encouraged to expand the materials, messages, and intervention strategies to include KPs living with HIV. Hence within this context, the full partnership of HIV prevention services for KPs is integral to the success of the implementation of a PwP package for KPs.
24. Autism in South Africa: A pilot study addressing the need for culture‐fair testing. Author: Mrs: Aurene Wilford, HSD
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect approximately 1 % of the world’s total population. It involves a disabling continuum of disorders characterised by lifelong developmental disabilities. ASD is associated with a range of psychosocial consequences which impacts not only the lives of those diagnosed with this disorder but also families and society at large. While the importance of understanding the development and prevalence of ASDs have been established in recent years, the vast majority of research occurs in high income, developed western countries. Hence, there appears to be a need for the development of psychometrically sound diagnostic tools to assess ASDs in developing countries such as South Africa.
Methods: Using a blinded experimental design, the current study explored the diagnostic ability of a specific tool called the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in the South African context. The study followed a quantitative, blinded experimental design, comprising of an experimental and a control group. The experimental group included children with ASDs (n=13) and the control group (n=13) included children who had learning disabilities but were not ASD. In order to determine the diagnostic ability of the ADOS, ADOS algorithm scores were compared with the clinical diagnoses for each of the children.
Results: Two methods of diagnosis were used: McNemar’s Westlake Schuirmann Test of equivalence revealed no significant difference existed between the two methods of diagnosis. However, the ADOS showed greater sensitivity in identifying symptoms associated with ASD than did the clinician diagnoses. Lastly, an ANOVA revealed significant differences in behavioural responses between ethnic groups.
Conclusions: There is a need to use a culture‐fair tool that accurately diagnoses ASDs in South Africa’s multi‐cultural context. Changes at a national policy‐level are needed, in order to provide equal access to services for children afflicted with ASDs as well as their families. This study was a preliminary study which had a small sample size. More in‐depth studies are required in developing contexts like SA, where 85% of the world’s youth reside. These studies can advance our knowledge on the prevalence of this disorder across contexts and cultures.
SESSION F Venue: Varna (Petit Suite Centre) Time: 14:00 – 15:30 Theme: Migration and remittance in reducing income inequality Chair: Ms Judith February (DGSD)
25. Circular migration in South Africa: Challenges and approaches. Author: Prof. Monde Makiwane (HSD)
The elimination of apartheid laws that restricted movements of persons in the homelands has led to freedom of movement for many, resulting in rapid migration in search of opportunities. A consequence of this migration, however, has illuminated several economic, social, political and infrastructural challenges that have curtailed a robust reaping of fruits from these movements.
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Many people relocate to search for employment opportunities in the cities, leaving the rest of the family behind. Rural areas are subject to migration proper among people of higher income with valuable skills and labour migration among people of the lower income groups. Remittances from migrants are sent to remaining families, in return of which, there is an expectation that the migrants will benefit during the times of economic and social distress.
This study uses secondary data analyses from a variety of data sources on migration to provide both the historical and current trends in migration, highlighting its social, family and economic consequences. Data sources include 2011 Census data and the National Income Dynamics (NIDS) data.
26. Territorial specialisation: Focus on South African cities. Author: Ms S'bonisile Zama (PHHSI)
Background: Territorial specialisation is not a new concept but has evolved as far back as 1930s. The early writers in economic geography classified cities on the bases of their focus in primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In 1937 Ogburn’s classification was based on industrial and economic activity and included trading cities, mining cities, factory cities etc. In 1956 Duncan and Reiss based their classification on regional location, economic activity, economic speciality and population size and growth rate. Recently writers classify cities into five types viz: • Knowledge City • Creative City • Global City • Eco‐City • Smart City
Unlike in developed countries where most of their cities are highly specialized, in South Africa territorial specialisation has not yet been fully realised. This is due to the fact that in developing countries like ours urbanization is still progressing compared to developed countries.
This paper will look into major cities of our country viz Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. Methods: These space typologies will be defined and attributes ascribed to each will be examined. Literature review will be done and relevant data will also be sourced from Quantec, Statistics SA and relevant websites for cities. Demographic and economic data and associated trends for each city will also be examined to try and align the city to one or more of classifications above.
Results: Results will be displayed as graphs , maps and narrative
Conclusions: In SA most cities are multi‐specialised as it is found that each city falls in one or more of the five types. Smart city is the ideal type for sustainable growth.
27. A network approach for analysing a ‘North‐South’ development network organisation (DNO) developing optometry capacity in Mozambique. Author: Dr Il‐haam Petersen (ESD)
Background: The importance of developing indigenous science, technology and innovation (STI) capabilities for improving the quality of life of people in resource‐poor contexts is now well‐recognised. Recently, new networked forms of organisation have emerged in the field of STI‐capacity development as mechanisms through which organisations in resource‐poor contexts access useful knowledge and other resources not easily available in the local context. In this paper, these new networked organisational forms are referred to as ‘development network organisations’ (DNOs). The potential for DNOs to be used as mechanisms for accelerating STI‐capacity development has thus been raised. However, a gap in understanding
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exists about how DNOs are formed and function. This paper aims to address the gap in understanding by exploring the role of an aid‐funded DNO aimed at developing optometry‐related STI capacity in Northern Mozambique. More specifically, the DNO is explored as one of the strategies that a young African university employs for accelerating the expansion of the university and in supporting its efforts in meeting the needs of the local context.
Methods: Working within a grounded theory approach, 19 semi‐structured interviews and four months of ethnographic research (in Mozambique) were conducted during the period May 2010 to December 2011. The data was analysed using (quantitative) social network analysis (Pajek) and thematic coding.
Results: The social skill of strategic actors and human agency (generally) in negotiating network goals and institutions were key in overcoming resource‐related inequalities in the DNO. Interdependency among the actors involved in the DNO was a currency of power that weakened that of the traditionally dominant actors in aid‐funded DNOs (i.e. those in control of the financial and knowledge resources) to an extent. Another key finding was the need for decision‐making in DNOs to be based on the needs of the network.
Conclusions: Development network organisations (DNOs) play an important role in STI‐capacity building in resource‐poor contexts. Understanding the relations between the structure and dynamics of ties among actors involved in DNOs, network institutions and the social strategies actors employ to bring about co‐operation (i.e. social skill) is essential for understanding how common development goals in STI‐capacity building networks are achieved. A mixed‐methods social network approach is useful in this regard.
15:30 – 16:00 Tea break
BREAKAWAY SESSIONS SESSION G Venue: Silverleaf Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme: Gobal governance and policies to end inequality Chair: Prof. Alinah Segobye (RIA)
28. Theory and practice at the research‐policy nexus. Author: Dr Temba Masilela (DCEO, Research)
‘The reach of public reasoning may be limited in practice by the way people read the world in which they live. And if the powerful influence of positionality has an obscuring role in that social understanding, then that is indeed a subject that calls for special attention in appreciating the challenging difficulties that have to be faced in the assessment of justice and injustice.’ Amartya Sen (2009: 168) The Idea of Justice. Chapter 7: Position, Relevance and Illusion.
This paper examines the Government Cluster Policy Workshops organised and hosted by the HSRC on behalf of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for the directors‐general in the Economics and Social Cluster of government. These workshops, which are held using Chatham House Rules, ‘aim to bring the best social science concepts and evidence into the policy arena and stimulate a discussion of how in the light of these insights, policy can be developed. The goal is to encourage evidence based policy through an exchange between researchers and policymakers’1. The terms of reference for the workshops indicate that they are meant to be based on a combination of master‐class analysis and problem‐solution debate. In the two year period between 2011 and 2013 a total of 12 workshops were held. The paper examines theory and practice at this particular nexus of research and policy, giving special attention to the knowledge‐brokering role played by the
1 Department of Science and Technology (2011) Project Funding Agreement to Conduct Government Cluster Policy Workshops. Annexure A page 32.
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Research Use and Impact Assessment (RIA) unit at the HSRC. It examines the utility of discursive institutionalism, which is concerned with both the substantive content of ideas and the interactive processes of discourse in institutional context (Schmidt, 2010), as a theoretical framework for conceptualising the research‐policy nexus. The role played by expert knowledge in the construction and reproduction of policy narratives (Boswell, Geddes and Scholten, 2011) is also examined. The object is the construction of a framework for researching a particular instance of the research policy nexus.
29. State of constitutional democracy after 20 years. Author: Ms Judith February (DGSD)
South Africa’s Constitution has been hailed the world over as truly ‘revolutionary’. Chapter 2 of the Constitution, which contains the Bill of Rights, is ground‐breaking in that it incorporated, for the first time, socio‐economic rights which are justiciable.
But the Constitution first and foremost paved a new way for the way in which the country was organized. In addition, the founding principles of the Constitution (section 1) laid down the values that were to underpin the democratic state, namely transparency, accountability and openness. It provided for a separation of powers, though weak, between the executive, legislature and judiciary and envisaged an ongoing conversation between the three.
Despite South Africa’s progress in creating a new Constitution, which enshrined both rights and obligations, the past 19 years have not been easy, as South Africa has sought to entrench a culture of Constitutional democracy. This paper will explore the tremendous progress South Africa has made in ensuring that the state is both accountable and transparent to its citizens. It will however also explore the difficulties South Africa faces as it enters 20 years of democracy. Given the levels of inequality and poverty, there is an argument that has been made that the Constitution stands in the way of the true transformation of society. Many have argued that as the political economy of the day comes up against the late 90s Constitutional design that the framework seems inadequate to deal with society’s pressures. In addition, the Constitution has come under increased pressure from opportunistic elements within our society, seeking to avoid the scrutiny of accountability that the Constitution demands.
This paper will trace the evolution of our Constitutional democracy and draw on cases studies to show the challenges of creating a culture of constitutionalism in South Africa.
30. Breaking the rural‐urban divide through service delivery – An evaluation of Ngudza Village in Limpopo Province and Murewa village in Zimbabwe. Author: Ms Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha (DGSD)
It is generally perceived that policy informs practice and that being the case, there is also a general perception that the level of policy development determines the level of service delivery in human settlements. While this can be true in some instances, it is a myth which in most cases is misplaced from what actually happens in reality. But nevertheless, creating a liveable human settlement with appropriate services in the form of proper water and sanitation requires a responsive policy environment. In most rural areas, the provision of water and sanitation is not defined by appropriate standards – instead, it has been left to the whims of politics and politicians to define the type and level of water and sanitation to be granted to the poor rural households. Ironically proper standards for services such as water and sanitation are clearly articulated and religiously followed and implemented in urban environments. Consequencely, where policy structures put in place are weak and poorly articulated, the resulting effect often manifests itself in the form of haphazard and disjointed programmes which are not sustainable. Conversely, where the policy is well pronounced with a properly defined framework, the resulting programmes will also be well planned and sustainable. But is this usually the case? Using the case study of Makonde village in Thohoyandou and Murewa village in Zimbabwe, this paper argues that the adoption and implementation of appropriate
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services is a response to an existing and conducive policy framework. The paper further illustrates the need for a high level of integration of sectoral plans in a quest to reduce contradictions at the implementation stage.
31. Citizen registration study. Authors: Mr Amukelani Ngobeni & Dr Catherine Ndinda (PHHSI)
Methods: The study was conducted into two phases, the first phase comprised of literature review through an electronic search for relevant literature and documents. Phase two of the study comprised of empirical data collection in which qualitative research approach was used and purposive sampling was used for the sampling
Results: There are various reasons why people are unregistered and do not have a birth certificate or identity document. Most of them where either immigrants or where born at home while others did not have i.ds because the mother did not have one as well and therefore cant register. I.D’s are crucial for one to have a better life, you can have access to grants, schooling and job opportunity if u have an I.D.
Conclusions: The study set out to explore the challenges experienced by citizens in registering in South Africa for I.D’s. The study showed that citizens in different parts of the world experience different challenges in accessing registration facilities.
SESSION H Venue: Acacia 1 Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme Social fragmentation: narratives and performances Chair: Dr Mpumi Zungu (CEO office)
32. ‘Taking advantage of every opportunity I get’: Renegotiating racial identities in the pursuit of a brighter future. Authors: Mr Jean‐Paul Solomon (HSD)& Ariane De Lannoy (Children’s’ Institute, Cape Town)
Background: The belief in the possibility of a ‘brighter future’ can be very difficult to hold onto and pursuing it can be challenging, even for the most determined individual. This is especially true when those around that individual do not hold to that same belief. Yet data on young adults growing up in post‐apartheid South Africa generally show a strong belief in the possibility of a ‘better future’, as well as the understanding that education is one pathway to reach it. Research in this field points to marked differences in the strength of that belief and the subsequent aspirations for different racial or population groups. Additionally, census data indicate that there are persistent differences between the educational attainment of those different population groups.
Little is known, however, about how South African youths’ aspirations are shaped or how they make decisions about their education. In order to better understand how aspirations in young people might be shaped, this paper draws on the seminal works by Willis and MacLeod – both of whom pay attention to aspirations and social reproduction of class. It also makes use of Kaufmans’ findings regarding interpersonal distancing, interpersonal embracing and presentation of self that young people use to exercise personal agency, as they pursue their aspirations. Lastly, in order to make sense of the specific racial constructs present in South Africa this paper employs the critical race work of South African social scientists, Soudien and Erasmus.
Methods: This paper reports on two studies focused on the educational decision‐making (EDM) of young people in the greater Cape Town area. One study focused on 20 Black African youth aged between 14 and 22 living in urban townships, while the other looked at 9 Coloured undergraduate students, aged 18 to 28 at the University of Cape Town. Both studies made use of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, with each respondent being interviewed at least twice.
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Results: Findings from both studies indicated that the respondents’ aspirations and the ensuing EDM were intimately connected to constructions of identities, including the racialised constructs that have persisted in post‐apartheid South Africa. Personal agency, as well as the support networks to which these youth had access, including their school contexts, all played a significant role in the manner in which such agency was displayed.
Conclusions: Youths’ EDM involves complex processes that entail, but do not solely consist of, aspirations and agency. They also require support networks, whether formal or informal, that provide these youths with the necessary information and other resources. It was found that these processes were at times hindered by their ascribed identities, but served by renegotiating these identities.
33. Internalising the externalities: Accounting for the social costs of conventional energy generation in South Africa. Author: Ms Furzana Timol (HSD)
Background: South Africa is the largest emitter of Greenhouse gases in Africa with the per capita carbon dioxide emissions far exceeding the average for upper middle income countries. With the real effects of climate change now being realised, there is a global move towards finding renewable sources of electricity. This is of particular importance as the use of coal poses substantial externalities on humans and the environment. In a context where regulation of these externalities is limited and thus less accountability, producers operate at lower private marginal cost; generating greater economic outputs than socially optimal.
Methods: This paper looks at the negative externalities that exist as a result of coal usage in the generation of electricity. While determining the social costs remain difficult to quantify, there have been some efforts to understand its impact. This paper aims to shed light on the social costs that occur both on the macro and micro levels. At the macro level, it assesses the costs arising from the coal fired Medupi power station in Lephalale. Medupi is the largest dry‐cooled, coal‐fired power station under construction in the world. The paper then shifts focus to the micro level and attempts to establish what externalities occur on the ground level, how energy policies affect individuals and how change can come about within communities.
Results: This paper presents the socio‐demographic externalities that exist on both the macro and micro levels as a result of coal usage. International and local estimates are adapted and updated to 2012 values and these costs are compared to the costs associated with the use of renewable energy.
Conclusions: Utilizing a costing analysis emphasises the importance of internalising the externalities created by non‐ renewable energy and supports the use of social costs in making public investment decisions. For effective change to occur, policy changes need to occur at both the macro and micro levels.
34. A feasibility study for developing a child maltreatment maternal‐risk assessment and a confidential review process for child safeguarding in South Africa. Author: Dr Mokhantso Makoae (PHHSI)
The extent of the prevalence of violence against children in South Africa is undetermined because currently annual police records that publish crimes that involve children including child neglect, abandonment, child sexual and physical abuse are a limited source. Child maltreatment, a form of violence, is defined as “all forms of physical and/or emotional ill‐treatment, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power” (WHO & ISPCN, 2006, p.9). It is both a social welfare and a public health problem.
The law enforces mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect by certain professionals but for various reasons, underreporting to child protection services by all sectors is common. Information gaps regarding the extent of violence
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against children emanate from weaknesses in the two major data sources, child protection register and child health records in health facilities. While the key government departments’ roles are clear in relation to provision of services, their responsibility in providing integrated information on violence against children which can be used to devise evidence‐based response measures is a challenge.
Maintaining an effective child protection system and ensuring the rights of children to protection is the mandate of the Department of Social Development. The Children’s Act (Act 38 of 2005, as amended) also provides for the establishment of prevention and early intervention programmes (PEIP) led by the Department of Social Development. Various non‐ governmental organisations work with the Department to respond to reports of child abuse, neglect and exploitation (mainly through identification, reporting, investigation, early intervention and statutory care); only a few provide prevention interventions. The law and policy framework state the need to safeguard children and address the needs of families with children comprehensively.
We propose that a comprehensive response to child protection in South Africa requires acknowledgement of widespread inequalities and continued commitment to eradicate inequities into which many children are born by building capabilities, competences and care.
The following are the pillars of the project: 1) Improving understanding of the circumstances that lead to child abuse, neglect and abandonment by reviewing reported cases during the year. We have identified confidential inquiries similar to those conducted for maternal deaths that occur in public health facilities as a strategy that will identify contextual factors at family, community and service system levels that underlie child abuse, neglect and abandonment and their health outcomes – injury, illness and death. 2) Maintaining distinctiveness between prevention, early intervention and response to reports of specific forms of violence against children with more emphasis on prevention. This is because although welfare, treatment and rehabilitation services provided to children and families are important, the burden and consequences for the health, wellbeing and development of children are far reaching and these services only reach a small proportion of affected children. 3) Adopting a life span approach based on the ecological framework that is proactive and focuses on proximal factors in the life of children. Safeguarding children is currently provided through health and nutrition interventions prenatally. To complement these strategies, identification of risk factors of violence against children should be identified during pregnancy as well. Pregnant women are identified as critical partners in these interventions. Appropriately sensitive tools are available; health and welfare practitioners can assess danger for unborn babies early and at different levels and inform service referrals. During pregnancy we focus on the age of the mother, parental substance abuse (alcohol and tobacco), intimate partner violence, parental especially maternal mental health; and maternal foetal attachment. 4) Vulnerable families expecting children, pregnant women and infants need support that can improve parent functioning in the care of a child in early life. In South Africa the youngest children have been found to be at highest risk. This is despite several services provided by various government departments during early childhood and through childhood: birth registration, immunization, early childhood development and social transfers. Home visiting, parent education and multi‐component interventions have been identified as showing promise in preventing child maltreatment – they reduce risk factors and reduce the actual occurrence of child maltreatment. Post‐natally, we will monitor parental substance abuse (alcohol and tobacco), intimate partner violence, parental especially maternal mental health, and maternal foetal attachment and service demand and utilisation.
The project has three components: (1) development and piloting a child maltreatment maternal‐risk assessment tool, (2) develop and pilot a process of confidential review/inquiry of child maltreatment, and (3) Implement a maternal‐child health supported child maltreatment prevention intervention delivered from pregnancy over the first three years of the child’s life.
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SESSION I Venue: Acacia 2 Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme: Global health and inequalities Chair: Dr Heidi van Rooyen (HAST)
35. Do I care? Understanding care in its material and conceptual paradigms. Author: Prof. Vasu Reddy (HSD)
Care is an indispensable element of human development intended for the wellbeing, prosperity and happiness of individuals and societies. Existential though it is, we nonetheless to a large extent keep on forgetting about the effects of care: perhaps because we have received notions about it, or have normalised its efficacy. As a result of forgetting this basic feature of human life we have paid scant attention to care intellectually; accordingly our care policies are often flawed. Furthermore, what might initially seem like a mere oversight, turns out upon closer inspection to be strategic ignorance: care is not forgotten but repressed so that care needs can go unattended, so that the extent of unacknowledged care work can stay hidden, and so that those who do it remain exploited. In this case, making evident the preconditions to care, as well as the nature and effects of care, is a form of critical theory intended to change existent social conditions and challenge inequalities. This presentation presents a conceptual and critical overview of some major debates, arguments and issues in relation to care and engages some practical aspects of the South African context, and raises questions for further enquiry.
36. Desirable scenarios of the antiretroviral treatment programme that are least likely to occur in the next two decades (by 2030) Authors: Dr Batlile Maseko (HAST) and Prof. Supa Pengpid. (University of Limpopo)
Background: South Africa (SA) bears one of the highest burdens of the HIV epidemic in the sub‐Saharan Africa with an adult prevalence rate of 17.8%. The Almost 6 million infected people will eventually need to be on the ART programme. Success of the programme scale up is dependent on systems in place and resources.
Method: This was an Ethnographic‐Delphi Futures Research in which experts in HIV/AIDS management and research institutions were requested to cite future scenarios they desired to occur to the ART programme, including HIV‐prevention programmes, in SA within the next two decades (by 2030). They were then requested to rate the probability that these scenarios may occur in a two round Delphi process. Data was collected in three stages from November 2010 to May 2011, namely the ethnographic‐, 1st ‐, and 2nd ‐ round Delphi stages. During the ethnographic stage, informants were requested to cite scenarios they desired to occur to the ART programme in the next two decades. During the 1st round Delphi, they rated the probability that these scenarios may occur, in a 1‐4 Likert scale (1=least likely to occur, 4=most likely to occur). Scenarios rated with a mean score of ≤3 were deemed to be less likely to occur, and those with a mean score ≥3 were used to generate the 2nd round Delphi instrument. During the 2nd round, they were requested to rate the probability of occurrence of these scenarios again, as in the 1st round. Scenarios rated with mean scores ≥3.2 were deemed to indicate a higher probability to occur, while those rated with a mean score <3.2 were deemed to be less likely to occur. This paper reports on the scenarios which were rated with a mean score ≤ 3 during the 1st round, or, if they made it to the 2nd round, were then rated with a mean score < 3.2 during the second round. These ratings were deemed to indicate less to least chances of occurrence of these desirable scenarios.
Results: During the ethnographic stage, informants in this study indicated a desire that the HIV‐prevention programmes, including PMTCT, microbicides, HIV vaccines, etc. should be efficient. They desired that exposed babies should be tracked for HIV‐PCR testing at 6 week, be found to be HIV‐negative at birth, and not be infected during breast‐feeding. They also desired that there should be HIV‐vaccines and microbicides to supplement condom use and medical male circumcision as prevention strategies. It was also desired that client on treatment should be ART‐literate, and thus not default treatment and be able to
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identify adverse‐drug reactions timeously. A desire that there should be no shortage of resources as there is likely to be an increase in the number of clients on the programme due to the implementation of Nurse Initiated and Management of ART (NIMART). They, however, indicated that the PMTCT programme is less likely to result in the dream of an HIV‐free generation as desired, because, despite being on ART and being ART‐literate, clients will default treatment either due to drug toxicity, concurrent use of ART and drugs of abuse, alcohol and herbal treatment, or for any other reason. The tracking systems will not be efficient enough to track exposed babies for testing as well the defaulters back to treatment. There will be a limited supply of resources, to include human‐, infra‐structural‐ and financial‐resources, to cater for the increased demand which will be created as a results of NIMART and the HCT campaign, which is likely to increase access to the ART programme. Vaccines and microbicides are also less likely to be in place in the next two decades.
37. Quality of rapid HIV testing in South Africa. Authors: Dr Aziza Mwisongo, Prof. Karl Peltzer, Neo Mohlbane and Ms Bomkazi Tutshana (HAST)
Background: Introduction of HIV rapid tests has improved on delivery of HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) in South Africa and worldwide. It has also considerably reduced HCT related tests from both a provider and users perspective. In South Africa rapid testing has contributed to increased numbers of people testing consequently assisting in achievement national goals, however several studies and evaluations have pointed out to poor performance in relation to rapid HIV tests by health workers.
Methods: An assessment was conducted in 8 provinces of South Africa including 67 HCT sites from government, private and Non‐Governmental Organisations (NGOs). In these sites 63 HIV testers were included in a survey with main variables of interest being; qualification; training; testing practices and attitudes towards rapid tests.
Results: Lay counsellors were predominant testers in all HCT sites and majority of them had training in testing. However, findings also revealed substandard practices in relation to testing. These were mainly related to non‐adherence to testing algorithms, poor external quality control practices, poor handling and communication of discordant results and limited testing time contrary to guidelines.
Conclusions: In conclusions, as found and stated by other stakeholders, there are several sub–performance practices related to HIV rapid testing in South Africa. There is an urgent need for the country to develop strategies through programs that will improve these performances in order to meet the National Strategic Plan(NSP) goals.
38. Exploring understandings of early childhood development: Developing culturally‐sensitive qualitative tools in African contexts. Authors: Ms Candice Rule & Prof. Arvin Bhana (HSD)
Background: In exploring ECDE practices in developing contexts, there are few readily available tools to establish local understanding of ECDE practices.
Methods: In this paper, the authors report on the development of a culturally sensitive qualitative data gathering ‘tool’ to explore perspectives on early childhood development and education (ECDE) in three African countries (Zambia, Swaziland and Malawi). The ‘tool’ includes a range of activities such as community mapping, storytelling, individual interviews and focus group discussions.
Results: Lessons gleaned cover the following themes: 1) The importance of formative work in identifying key ECDE leaders in target communities; 2) The usefulness of a situation analysis in developing culturally sensitive and context appropriate research questions; 3) The inclusion of local ECDE ‘experts’ in the development of the research questions and activities; 4) The importance of using a combination of established and novice research methodologies to explore ECDE in African
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communities and; 5) Qualitative work exploring ECDE should be informed by a conceptual framework that allow researchers to holistically unpack a range of issues including access to ECDE services, indigenous knowledge’s around ECDE and indigenous caregiving practices that both promote and hinder the development of young children.
SESSION J Venue: Acacia 3 Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme: Capabilities, inequalities and human rights Chair: Dr Angelique Wildschut (ESD)
39. Left behind in a democratic society: A case of some farm school natural science teachers in South Africa. Authors: Dr Bongani D. Bantwini (RIA) & Dr Nosisi Feza (ESD)
Has democracy become a beacon of hope to all school types in South Africa? Farm schools are viewed as another dimension of class relation between farmers and laborers, where an institution associated with mobility and advancement in capitalist ideology is controlled and restricted by one group in relation to another. This case study explores the plight of some farm schools and their feeling of neglect in the new democratic society in a school district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Through an interview and a teaching observation analysis, the paper focuses on five teachers and discusses: the structural changes not aligned with the desired school culture, lack of vision and educational value, and lack of parental involvement and role models. It is concluded that farm schools are still neglected, and thus imperative that the new educational policies are fairly implemented across the various school types existing in South Africa.
40. Promoting protection of citizens’ rights and equal access to information in South African libraries, inequality and violation of human rights. Author: Ms Nomusa Biyela (IS)
Global inequalities in education between high‐ and low‐income countries often show major disparities within countries. The deep‐rooted inequalities related to income, gender and other markers for disadvantage are holding back progress towards the Education for All (EFA) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008: 8, 11). In South Africa (SA) the impacts of inequalities are not only reflected in the economic and education sectors but other spheres like libraries. The history of unequal access to information in public libraries can be traced back to 1953 when the Separate Amenities Act was passed by the government of the time. In 1994 the South African government inherited a fractured and dislocated pattern of service in many sectors, including libraries. Quality service provision and access to relevant information in public libraries have been skewed due to the influence of the previous regime (Witbooi, n.d.). Curbing the scores of high illiteracy rate; unemployment; poverty and gender violence is a mission (Stilwell 2011). Erasmus & Steyn (2002) argue that inequalities in SA will remain and even widen if a concerted effort is not made to integrate and implement the different strategies for skills formation and job creation. Bloch (2009) concurs with Ramphele that we need to let the lying ghosts lie and move on, with improving the situation.
In line with Bloch’s (2009) view of improving the situation, since 1994, the South African government has put a number of policies in place that focus on poverty alleviation, improving economic growth and reducing the budget deficit (Triegaardt 2006). These policies generally result in the development and implementation of various projects and bodies that aim at developing communities. In April 2008, the National Council for Library and Information Services (NCLIS) was formed. NCLIS formulated the Library and Information Services (LIS) Transformation Charter. Some of its assignments are to: eliminate illiteracy; eradicate inequalities and promote social cohesion in the LIS sector (Nkondo 2011).
Another initiative of the Department of Arts & Culture (DAC) was the conditional grant strategy instituted in 2007 (de Jager, Nassimbeni & Underwood, n.d.; Stilwell 2011; Witbooi, n.d.). The aim of the grant strategy is to provide public and
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community libraries with necessary resources so that they can help in eradicating illiteracy and inequalities. The ultimate goal is to promote democratic governance and also protect citizens’ rights. Although the project has had some impact, some LIS scholars have highlighted the need to monitor and evaluate its impact especially in rural communities (De Jager, Nassimbeni & Underwood, n.d.; Stilwell 2011). According to Davis (2009) and De Jager, Nassimbeni & Underwood, n.d, although the situation has improved in public libraries and people of all classes have access to public libraries in all communities, there is still unequal distribution of resources in various kinds of libraries including higher education and school libraries. Public libraries are still stocked with literature that is usually foreign, outdated and irrelevant to the information needs and interests of a variety of contemporary users. Raju & Raju (2010) and Stilwell (2011) concur that resource allocation in public libraries is important and should help in fighting poverty; illiteracy and social exclusion. For example Raju & Raju (2010) have indicated that indigenous knowledge (IK) which has played a critical role in the lives of the poor in developing countries is not recorded for posterity and 21st century libraries should play a pivotal role in such activities.
In 2009, fifteen years later after the transition to democracy, Cape Times of 8 September 2009, reported that only 7% of schools in South Africa had functional libraries and 25% of which were in the Western Cape. It can be argued that this scarcity of school libraries has implication in educational achievements in South Africa. To curb the scores of the scarcity of resources in South African schools, the Mail & Guardian of 24 May 2013 reports that the Department of Communications (DOC) has started the project of connecting rural community schools to the global world by providing computers and iPads with Internet access. However gravel roads used to get to the schools have been a challenge. Consequently a decision has been made to collaborate with Department of Transport (DOT) in order to make the project, a success. Another challenge is whether teachers have skills to train learners on how to access Internet and make effective use of relevant information for their assignments. Libraries can play a significant role in building lifelong learners and thus reduce illiteracy rate and poverty in the country. In 1995, Dr Ben Ngubane announced that South Africa does not yet “have a culture where all people are aware of the value of information or how to access it” (de Jager, Nassimbeni & Underwood, n.d.). Unless libraries including HSRC library play their role of advocating and promoting equal access to information especially in rural areas, human rights remain violated. HSRC library has played an indirect role by providing information to HSRC researchers who then directly interact with communities at the grassroots level and also conduct intervention programmes if need be.
Equal access & human rights: According to Arko‐Cobbah (2007) the recognition of the right of access to relevant information is a central pillar to South Africa’s democracy, mainly due to the experience of the past. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) good governance means commitment to equal opportunities for all citizens. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 asserts that every citizen has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and also the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community. Recognising such rights would mean understanding the knowledge society (KS) and information society (IS) and not only allowing these right to the information elite (Arko‐Cobbah 2006; Ocholla 2009: 21). This right is also enshrined in the Constitution of South Africa, no 108 of 1996.
LIS scholars agree that public libraries are social and public institutions mandated to provide equal access to relevant information to all citizens. Public libraries have a moral obligation to join the struggle against poverty, inequalities, and illiteracies by engaging in projects that promote equality and sustainable development in the country (Arko‐Cobbah 2006; Davis 2008; Stilwell 2011; Raju & Raju 2010). Therefore there is a need to educate and retrain the 21st public librarians so that they can also be able to develop informed citizens. Empowered citizens will be able to exercise their rights, vote responsibly, fight poverty, pandemic diseases, illiteracy and become lifelong learners. LIS scholars reiterate that libraries cannot be excluded from the democratic process which demands free access to relevant and updated information (Arko‐ Cobbah 2006; Raju & Raju 2010). Informed and empowered citizens will not burn down their libraries as it happened in 2009 at the Mpumalanga province but will use them productively for educational, social and economic development of the country.
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As the world works to achieve MDGs, equal access to information and protection of citizens’ rights must be priorities for all development initiatives working toward this ambitious tool. In the 21st century, information is a powerful development tool that supports communities in a variety of ways: rural farmers learn improved agricultural techniques, community health workers better gauge local immunization rates and start‐up entrepreneurs target new markets. Development initiatives must give attention to community members’ information needs and the venues through which that information is needed (www.beyondaccess.net). Access to information for sustainable development purposes is important for the promotion and protection of citizens’ rights.
Conclusion: This abstract argues that despite public libraries’ inheritance of skewed resources and services from the previous system of government, the challenges also opened up opportunities for the community of South Africa. That has manifested in various projects that have been implemented by the South African government including the implementation of the DAC conditional grant project in 2007. Through the use optimum resources public libraries including other libraries need to be pro‐active in continuously engaging in projects that aim at eliminating unequal access to relevant information, eradicating illiteracy and thus promote protection of citizens’ rights. All various kinds of libraries need to provide services which are perceived as meeting the democratic needs of the 21st century. This paper is based on the literature reviewed, some newspaper reports and the author’s views.
41. Developed world information access in a developing world context: How this access ultimately assists in the understanding of injustice and inequality in South Africa. Author: Mr Mark Douglas Frier (IS)
The means by which we at the HSRC can assist our society in gaining a deeper understanding of injustice and inequality, lies partially through sustained information provision. This information provision needs to be critical, accurate and of a substantially high quality, so that the HSRC can deliver on the notion that it provides social science research which makes a difference in society. In doing so, the HSRC makes constant use of its Information Services which acts as an information hub that delivers developed world information access which is then applied in a developing world context. The questions that arise from these statements are numerous, but essentially this: How does the Information Services of the HSRC take its already respected information delivery service to the next level? How do we sustain developed world information access in a developing world context, with limited budgets, and a sliding local currency against all major global currencies? In order for the Information Services to remain relevant and for its information consultants to remain active and dynamic participants in the research process, they need constant access to quality sources of information, which ultimately will drive a further understanding of inequality and injustice in South Africa. Our raison d’etre at the HSRC’s Information Services, is to deliver information to our researchers that ultimately makes a fundamental difference in the policy driven research which the HSRC is actively engaged in. Are we ready for the next leap forward into making our information hubs even more accessible and researcher‐friendly and ultimately assist with policy driven research? Primarily, it is through this policy driven research, that we can hope to change the inequality and injustice which our fledgling democracy urgently needs. This paper will examine these topics and subsequently explore new avenues for information delivery to the HSRC’s researchers, within an African context.
42. Migrants and social polarisation. Author: Dr Jacqueline Borel‐Saladin (EPD)
This paper examines the role migrants play in the process of social polarisation, with a specific focus on the Johannesburg region of South Africa. The manufacturing sector, once a major source of urban employment and consisting of a large percentage of skilled and semi‐skilled, middle‐income jobs has declined while the service sector, argued to consist of predominantly either high‐skill, high‐pay or low‐skill, low‐pay jobs, has grown. Due to these occupational differences, the decline of manufacturing and the growth of services are argued to result in a more polarised society (Sassen, 1994). Low‐ wage, low‐skill service sector jobs are also argued to attract poorly‐educated, unskilled immigrants unable to compete in the
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urban labour market for anything other than low‐skill, low‐pay jobs. Thus, the contention is that immigration contributes to social polarisation by increasing the numbers of low‐wage workers (Sassen, 1994). Other scholars hold that the growth of an expanded low‐wage service sector is only possible in the face of large‐scale migration of these unskilled workers, and that a strong welfare state can militate against the development of a service proletariat (Hamnett, 1994).
Using survey and population census data of the Johannesburg region of South Africa from 1970 to 2010, it is shown that only a relatively small amount of low‐skill job growth occurred, despite large‐scale in‐migration. Furthermore, migrant workers of both sexes and all four race groups, made significant contributions to the growth in absolute numbers of high‐skill jobs. Thus, the presence of migrants in this case could be argued to be more relevant to the process of skewing the occupation distribution towards increasing professionalisation rather than increasing social polarisation in the Johannesburg region.
SESSION K Venue: Candlewood Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme: Social justice and the global order Chair: Dr Greg Houston (DGSD)
43. South Africa and the ‘demographic transition’ possibilities. Author: Prof. Oladele Arowolo (RIA)
Background: Changing age distribution of the population is often the result of fertility and mortality decline, and the net effect of migration in a country or region. As presented by the demographic transition theory, national population structure changes as the process of modernization causes morality and fertility to decline. Without demographic transition, it is not possible for any country to realize the ‘Demographic Dividend’; the demographic dividend most often occurs in countries late in the demographic transition, when birth rates are falling following a prolonged period of mortality decline. The transition period is the period when the population experiences a youth age bulge and a much higher growth rate in the labour force than in the total population. The obvious strategy is for a country (or a population group) to tap into the growing labour force in order to achieve a sustainable social and economic development. Given the historical development of South Africa, it is posited that the demographic transition experiences in each of the four population groups are different, serving as evidence of history, as well as presenting an opportunity to move all the groups in the direction of demographic transition, without which the “window of opportunity” might close.
Methods: Research for this paper will be based on literature review on the subject and analysis of available trend data on the demographic characteristics of the population of South Africa; namely, fertility, mortality and migration as they affect population dynamics, particularly the growth rate, changing age structure and population distribution. Apart from age as a fundamental demographic dimension, the analysis will examine the demographic transition possibilities open to each of the four population groups in the country (Black, Colored, Asian, White) and the implications for future development. Data analysis will apply the relevant Demographic Methods (fertility and mortality analysis and population projections) to the data collected from secondary sources (Census, Demographic and Heath Survey, Reports of special surveys/inquiries of mortality and fertility, etc.), in conjunction with statistical analysis using the conventional methods of central tendency, measures of association and related significance tests.
Results: The results will be presented in accordance with the guidance provided, with graphic illustrations and tables as appropriate. The ‘Demographic Transition’ possibilities for each of the population groups in South Africa will be presented as a way of understanding the paths and demographic outcomes of past development in the country; and, how future development efforts could lead to the achievement of demographic transition for all the population groups (if not already attained) and move the whole country to tap into the demographic “window of opportunity”. The results will provide evidence of the effects of the past social and economic development interventions on the dynamics of South Africa’s
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population and make policy suggestions for the direction of future investments in human development so as achieve a sustained demographic transition in the population.
Conclusions: The process of demographic transition is often accompanied by social and economic development interventions which impact on fertility and mortality, and the population dynamics of a country. Without fundamental economic and social development, the population can hardly achieve a demographic transition. For each of the four population groups in South Africa to achieve demographic transition and thereby realise the demographic dividend, there must be in place a conducive policy/programme environment, including: access to, and effective use of, health and reproductive health services and facilities; provision of high quality education and skills responsive to the dynamics of the labour market; sufficient flexibility in the labour market to allow its expansion through creating adequate employment opportunities; macroeconomic policies that permit and encourage investments and; access to adequate saving mechanisms plus confidence in domestic financial markets. If the demographic transition possibilities among the population groups are fundamentally different, then, through targeted programming, Government could implement the strategic ideas suggested equifinally.
44. Reparations for apartheid‐era human rights abuses: The ongoing struggle of Khulumani Support Group. Author: Prof. Narnia Bohler‐Muller (DGSD)
Background: Healing wounds arising out of complex socio‐economic and political violence cannot be easily reduced to monetary terms. Reconciliation through healing is a protracted and complex process that entails creating structures and institutions that act as vehicles for the transformation of society that is driven ‘from below’ and not imposed by the state. In efforts to move beyond state‐centric models of transformation, reconciliation, nation‐building and social cohesion, civil society at times organises into bodies that seek to champion the interests of victims/ survivors in a bid to encourage and nurture debate and contestation and to facilitate the creation of public spaces that rupture the meta‐narrative of ‘transitional’ justice. It is from this perspective that this contribution critically interrogates the issue of monetary reparation claims for apartheid era human rights abuses pursued in courts and other fora by Khulumani Support Group, an organisation in South Africa representing victims and survivors who are disillusioned with South Africa’s ‘nation building’ efforts and who have turned to the US courts to institute claims for reparations against a large number of multi‐national corporations for “aiding and abetting” apartheid’s crimes against humanity by allegedly supplying ammunitions, technology, oil and loans to the Nation Party government.
The most recent developments around the symbolic payment of reparations by General Motors Company to members of Khulumani are analysed in an attempt to better understand the continued (legal) struggle of those who feel that they have been left behind in the reconciliation process. This paper therefore attempts to address some of the issues around Khulumani’s ongoing struggle in the US courts ‐ and domestically ‐ in relation to democracy, nation‐building, social cohesion, reconciliation and reparations. The focus will be on looking at ways in which Khulumani has tried – and both succeeded and failed ‐ to use the law as a tool of resistance, especially as US courts themselves have resisted taking up this role of holding corporations responsible for human rights abuses in other countries.
Methods: CASE STUDY & ANALYSIS: LAW AND HUMANITIES (trans‐disciplinary)
Results: A new US Supreme Court decision (Kiobel case) has made it very unlikely that the Khulumani plaintiffs will be successful in their claim.
Conclusions: It remains to be seen what the next steps will be in this protracted process, which is in its 10th year of litigation in the US. The chances of success on appeal are very unlikely, but there may be other options available to the plaintiffs.
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45. Power and autonomy – reflections on people’s struggle for justice. Author: Dr Hester du Plessis (RIA)
Throughout history a silent battle raged around the inability of those in power to grasp the organic relation between the subjectivity of people’s power and the subjectivism in the use of violence. When societies make comparisons of unfair social activities in an effort to advance the application of justice, they mostly look at concrete means to fight oppression such as protest against systematic (in the form of systemic) neglect or the repudiation of inhuman activities harmful to mankind. Currently social unrest is becoming a global means of protest, revolt and expression of opposition to a number of political, social and economic factors. The reasons for these unrests present itself within situations of inequality. Reasons behind social unrest vary from social dissatisfaction with the management of capitalist systems (banks) to human conflict about food availability ‐ resulting from geographical areas affected by climate change. Though most start up as peaceful protests, violence often is a feature in these uprisings and unrests. The question arises: when and why does an uprising turn into a revolution? Is there a relation between these events of social unrest and if so, what will the tipping point be for a social uprising to become considered as a revolution? More contemporary – what is the marker for social unrest in Africa in general and in South Africa in specific? This presentation will take a historical view of factors integrated into the fabric of social revolutions by comparing the dynamics leading to social uprisings, such as the May 1968 student uprising at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France and the Italian uprising during the 1970’s, with social protest events that turn violent as we currently experience within South Africa.
46. Can numbers lie? Behind attainment of universal access to education. Author: Dr Nolutho Diko (ESD)
Background: According to international and national indicators South Africa will have achieved universal access to primary school education by 2015. Using Millennium Development Goal no 2, the National Development Plan Vision 2030, and the Department of Basic Education’s (DBE) Action Plan to 2014 I examine how the South African schooling system has performed since 1994. Using secondary sources and data sets available from DBE and Stats SA, I begin to critically question the notion of access. I focus on ECD, Grade R, and the schooling sectors as the necessary precursors to a successful post‐school sector. As a starting point, the analysis acknowledges that the schooling system is compliant with its constitutional mandate and the related policy and legal frameworks. This fact is undeniable because almost every child of school going age of this country (99%) has access to education as indicated by the high primary school adjusted net enrolment rates and the high proportion of pupils who start and who finish primary school level education. I then proceed to conduct an in‐depth investigation of the efficiency of the system, as well as the system’s success and challenges with regards to the provision of quality education that is responsive to both the individual and country’s development needs. The country’s historical and political background influence and guide the analysis hence education quality is examined in conjunction with equity in education.
Methods: I used secondary data to study the quantitative and qualitative aspects of access to education. Specifically, I used DBE and Stats SA data datasets that have been quality assured by SASQUAF.
Results: Quantitative access is not a problem in South African schools. Judging by the progress since 1994, and the supporting policy framework, the set MDG goal and the related targets will be met by 2015. However, learner performance in national and international assessments indicates that some learners do not have access to quality education even though they are in school.
Conclusions: I conclude by arguing that if the government is to succeed in providing equitable quality education for the advancement of the citizens as well as the nation, then we need an inclusive definition of access to education instead of the narrow definition that is numbers driven.
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SESSION L Venue: Varna (Petit Centre) Time: 16:00 – 17:30 Theme: Inequality in access to quality education Chair: Dr Cas Prinsloo (ESD)
47. Gaining formal access into the Master’s in Clinical Psychology programme: Advantages of an Legitimation Code Analysis. Authors: Ms Genevieve Haupt (ESD)
Background: This paper highlights the use of an analytical approach in a PhD study. The PhD study is a sub‐study of a larger project and is situated within the context of Higher Education. The larger study’s focus is on how institutional and personal assumptions and practices serve to impede some social groups from gaining epistemological access, or access to knowledge, which in turn prevents students from being successful in higher education.
This type of team approach is unusual in the Humanities and Social Sciences in South Africa. The main premise behind this approach is that it has the potential to ensure the emergences of a broader and more significant understanding of the issues of social inclusion in Higher Education, with a particular focus on knowledge.
The research question that has been identified for this study is, ‘What are the knowledge‐knower structures of the admission process that enable or constrain students from gaining formal access to the Master’s programme in clinical psychology?’
Methods: Karl Maton’s Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) is an analytical framework which provides a toolkit to analyse social and cultural practices across different contexts both within and beyond education, along a number of dimensions (i.e. dimensions of Autonomy, Density, Specialisation, Semantics and Temporality). Each dimension makes the underlying structuring principles of practices and contexts explicit in order to understand sociological phenomena. Specialisation, the most developed and widely used of the five dimensions, refers to the relationship between the social and the epistemic relations of a field. It enables the conceptualisation of the ‘rules of the game’‐ making explicit what is valued and by whom within a particular context.
Conclusions: This paper argues that the dimension of Specialisation can be used to explore what is valued and legitimated in the selection process of the Masters in Clinical Psychology programme at selected universities in South Africa. The overall contribution of the PhD sub‐study seeks to add to the growing body of literature around the application of the concepts of knowledge‐knower structures and LCT in Higher Education and more specifically with regard to social inclusion or exclusion of students in trying to gain formal access to a post graduate degree.
48. Systematic code switching as an appropriate strategy for the bilingual teaching of mathematics and science at intermediate and senior phase classes. Author: Mr Christopher T. Diwu (ESD)
In the South African context and elsewhere where there is usually one dominant language of learning, teaching and assessment (LoLTA), as a result of the multicultural classrooms, teachers have had to resort to other scaffolding strategies such as code switching or mixing in order to cater for learners whose home language does not coincide with that of the LoLTA.
Unfortunately, since most teachers are not trained in multilingual teaching approaches, their code‐switching and code‐mixing is usually unsystematic resulting in transliterations that have no scientific meaning. This is the case especially for the teaching of mathematics and science at lower secondary levels.
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This paper reports on a longitudinal study involving three local schools for a consecutive period of three years, whose objective was the development of mother‐tongue based bilingual education (MTBBE) using systematic code‐switching as a strategy. This study employed a participatory observatory action research (POAR) design where classroom observation schedules, learner assessment workbooks, classroom print environment and lesson plans were used as sources of analysing teachers’ code‐switching/mixing practices.
Initial observations indicated that teacher code‐switching involved unnecessary term translation which is not domain‐ specific, but unexplained transliterations of domain‐specific terms. Implications are that, code‐switching as used above tended to shield the language barrier leading to learner disillusionment. On the positive note, the POAR intervention on systematic code‐switching seems to have improved the teacher efficacy in bilingual lesson preparations, classroom interactions and learner cognitive understanding and performances. This study finding highlights the role/importance of systematic code‐switching being integrated into lesson planning and implementation for the enhancement of learner’s conceptual understanding and the improvement of learner attainments.
49. Stumbling in the dark: From qualifications to employment. Authors: Dr Vijay Reddy, Ms Xolani Ngazimbi & Mr Dean Janse van Rensburg (ESD)
Background: When graduates leave the post‐school sector to seek employment, there is an assumption that qualifications will facilitate access to labour markets. While the extent of graduate unemployment is contestable, this exploratory paper, informed by two studies, illustrates that the ‘pipeline’ from education and training to work is far from linear.
Methods: The first study maps the pathways of 125 individuals who participated in the National Youth Service, a programme designed to provide workplace experience to unemployed science graduates.
Through face‐to‐face interviews, the second study investigates the phenomenon of employability of science graduates from an employer perspective.
Results: Pathways are far from smooth, likely indicative of participants’ social and economic vulnerability, most of whom are African females from low income households. Employers place a priority on work experience which most graduates leaving the post‐school sector do not possess. To counter this, companies establish talent development programmes through which employers identify and groom select candidates for eventual recruitment.
Conclusions: Together, the studies highlight exclusion from the labour market based on class, gender and geographical location of opportunities. These issues affecting access to labour markets provide a basis upon which to urge policy makers in government, business and the tertiary education sector to re‐consider graduate unemployment and employability.
50. Inequalities in Education through the Lens of the Young and Discontent Authors: Ms Lizzy Mabotja, Ms Hlokoma Mangqalaza, Fezile Mdluli & Molemo Ramphalile (ESD)
One of the main causes of youth discontent across the world stems from problems of inequality in many aspect of daily living. The current and past development models have been less reflective of the aspiration and ideas of the youth therefore resulting in youth expressing their discontent with the aid of youth uprisings and media platforms as a way to express and merge their views in trying to address their discontent of the current and past development models. In a means to try to come up with an alternative model, a group of unemployed youth derived a number of themes that an ideal development model should entail. One of these themes delved on the need to ensure equal access to physical and intellectual health for all.
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One of the main challenges to development is centered on education. The issue of low quality education, equal access to education and the alignment of the education curriculum to labour market demands have been the main hurdles to the development of a South African youth. Essentially the aim of this principle is to adjust the education system to fit and suit the dreams and aspirations of to the future generations, and be conscious of the changing occupational, skills and training environment.
This study explores the interaction between equal access to education and youth development. Drawing primary on evidence collected during social media (Facebook discussions) with South African youth about their perception on development and development issues faced by their country. Information was collected using social media to host discussions with the youth; which shed light on the context, perception and experiences of youth. These added crucial insights into their potential contribution to the development agenda as well as their socio‐economic dynamics. We present and discuss this case study against the backdrop of the global financial crisis that begun in 2008 bringing to the fore the vulnerabilities engendered by the globalization of financial markets and the role they play in transmitting economic shocks. One of the important outcomes of the recession is resurgence is the critique of the limitations of capitalistic models of development. A question does arise with respect to how new alternatives can be formulated and fed into a new development agenda that encompasses the hopes and aspirations of future generations. The presentation further highlights lessons for South Africa’s emerging from its youth.
17:45– 18:30 51. Delegates checking into rooms
18:30 – 19:30 52. Pre‐dinner cocktails Venue: Oak Chamber bar in the La Grande Centre
19:30 ‐ 53. Dinner Venue: Oak Chamber in the La Grande Centre
21:30 – Transfer to hotels, the last bus will be at 23:00hrs
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FRIDAY 27 SEPTEMBER 2013
06:30 – 8:00 Breakfast: Birchwood, Airport Grand and Europrime hotels
07:45 – 8:15 Transfer from Airport Grand and Europrime hotel to the Birchwood
BREAKAWAY SESSIONS SESSION M Veneu: Silverleaf Time: 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Global governance and policies to end inequality Chair: Prof. Oladele Arowolo (RIA)
54. The African Development Bank and sustainable human development: What lessons for a BRICS Development Bank? Author: Mr Gary Pienaar (DGSD)
The World Bank (WB), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) play an increasingly significant role in providing finance for a range of programmes and projects around the continent. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on large infrastructure projects. Reasons cited go beyond merely greater capacity to export ever‐larger quantities of extractive or agricultural commodities, and include the contribution infrastructure can make to connect African countries with each other in order to promote intra‐African communication, cooperation and trade.
It is important to understand whether or not and to what extent ordinary citizens are beginning to enjoy the benefits of these policy goals. Equally important is the prior question ‐ whether these institutions plan and implement their activities in ways that are calculated to promote economic and social development. That, after all, is a proclaimed principal objective of multilateral development finance institutions.
To this end, each of these international finance institutions has progressively developed various accountability mechanisms aimed at promoting project and programme financing that supports accountable and sustainable development. These mechanisms include ‘safeguard’ policies, disclosure and access to information policies, as well as anti‐corruption and complaints mechanisms to provide citizens with recourse and to address disputes.
Adopting a comparative approach, the paper will focus on these evolving policies and practices of the AfDB, with a view to developing an assessment of the Bank’s contribution to sustainable human development.
55. The economy‐wide impacts of the South African child support grant: A micro‐simulation‐computable general equilibrium analysis. Authors: Margaret Chitiga‐Mabugu, Luca Tiberti (Laval Univ.), Helene Maisonnave (Laval Univ.), Stephane Hoareau (Laval Univ.), Véronique Robichaud, Ramos Mabugu (Financial and Fiscal Commission) and Mr Stewart Ngandu (EPD)
Background: We examine the economy‐wide impact of the child support grant (CSG) on the South African economy using a bottom ‐up/top‐down modelling approach.
Methods: This methodology allows us to estimate the potential effects on South African households’ welfare and on the economy following a change in the CSG. Three simulation scenarios are presented, in simulation 1 the value of the CSG is increased by 20%; in simulation 2 the number of beneficiaries among the eligible children is increased by two million and simulation 3 combines the first and second simulations.
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Results: At the economy‐wide level the results are encouraging as they show that the CSG has several positive impacts on the economy. The cost of 1 percentage point reduction in the poverty gap amongst children is used to measure the cost effectiveness of the three changes in the CSG scheme.
Conclusions: From the results we can conclude that simulation 1 is the most cost effective of the policies.
56. Sharing the dividends: addressing inequality the Bafokeng way. Authors: Dr Gerard Hagg, Prof. Modimowabarwa Kanyane, Mr Nedson Pophiwa, Mr Mojalefa Dipholo (DGSD)
The Royal Bafokeng Nation (RBN) is a traditionally‐governed community of approximately 150,000 people located in the North West Province near Rustenburg. As a result of mineral wealth the Bafokeng have taken a mandate to implement programmes to empower their people (morafe) and distribute the wealth. Decision making on development, including usage of wealth dividends, occurs through two forums. First the Bafokeng Supreme Council, chaired by the Kgosi, debates and ratifies all major financial and policy matters for the Nation. The Supreme Council is supported by the Royal Bafokeng Administration, which administers the community’s infrastructure and basic services and typifying a local municipality. Second, strategies and decisions by the Supreme Council are submitted to the Pitso ya Kgotakothe, the bi‐annual general meeting of the morafe, the Bafokeng citizens. As it stands the benefits of being “the richest tribe in Africa” have been communal and infrastructural rather than individual and financial: electrified homes with clean water, better schools and clinics, more paved roads and community halls, etc. The Bafokeng Administration plays an important role in strategic decision making, as they prepare the data and strategic issues for both the Supreme Council and the Kgothakgothe. We concur from our participant observation and attendance of public gatherings such as kgotha‐kgothe (Annual General Meeting) and other public gatherings, people’s sense of frustration at not having more direct access to the communal purse is evident. Although the Kgosi is firm in convincing morafe that the long term Vision 2020 will eventually translate to individual benefit outcomes (once individuals become capacitated through education and skills acquisition) as compared to the short term benefits which are communal in nature, it remains critical to understand how this is communicated and received in the different forums of the Bafokeng, and who take the crucial decisions in strategic planning and implementation.
The paper will explore the complexities associated with balancing communal and individual approaches to addressing inequality and poverty reduction among the Royal Bafokeng Nation. The critical research question is to understand how Bafokeng institutions, through efficient service delivery can bridge the gap between the short‐term or tangible expectations of the community, which in some cases may mean financial pay‐outs versus the longer‐term strategic aspirations of the administration.
Methods: The study falls within a broader research project which the DGSD programme of the HSRC has been commissioned by the Royal Bafokeng Nation to conduct research on Bafokeng customary law and practices and institutions of governance (both traditional and modern), and how they have changed over time. The broader project’s methods consist of desktop, fieldwork‐based data collection techniques as well as participant observation of Bafokeng ways through public participation gatherings.
A desk study of existing RBN policies and regulatory documentation from various institutes is currently underway while the first phase of key informant interviews have been carried out with senior members of staff of the Royal Bafokeng Administration and group interviews with various members of morafe on customary law issues. The researchers have already attended some of the Bafokeng public participation gatherings in which the Nation’s leadership engage the community and report back on how they have spent and allocated towards development of morafe.
For the purposes of this paper the researchers will conduct a secondary analysis of existing literature on the Bafokeng, as well as comparative analysis where they will extrapolate some issues about the general access to wealth in SA, and how government is handling it. This could help in answering whether the RBN is much different from the National Development
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Plan and related macro‐focused government plans? Secondly the findings from observing the different public participation forums of the Bafokeng will also be analysed.
SESSION N Venue: Acacia 1 Time: 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Commemorating a South African Heritage: Archive, Memories, Identities Chair: Mr Charl van der Merwe (AISA)
57. Justice and justiciability: The role of the Constitutional Court in adressing inequalities In South Africa. Authors: Dr Olivia K Lwabukuna (AISA)
The paper interrogates the Constitutional court jurisprudence and its role in addressing inequalities in South Africa. The Court has been a symbol and yardstick for ground breaking milestones in terms of addressing socio‐economic, gender, educational, property and land rights. It has rendered spectacular decisions that have moved beyond legal rules and norms to encompass social change and transformation. It has in the process endeavoured to embody reflections of the cultural and historical substance of South Africa without necessarily losing its legal essence. The Constitutional court’s jurisprudence to date has at most tried to reflect the transformative and advanced nature of the South Africa Constitution. Through analysing a number of key socio‐economic decisions of the court, and follow up on the implementation and enforcement of these decisions, this paper intends to find out whether these ground breaking decisions have actually delivered ‘on the ground’ changes to the people and communities they were meant to heal. Has justice been indeed rendered by the Constitutional Court? Was the court justiciable in doing so? Or were these social and political questions that the court could not comprehensively have addressed through legal decisions?
58. Documenting the legacy of South Africa’s liberation struggle: The National Liberation Heritage Route. Authors: Dr Gregory Houston, Mr Nedson Pophiwa, Mr Kombi Sausi, Ms Sipisihle Dumisa and Ms Dineo Seabe (DGSD)
Background: The South African National Heritage Council (NHC) has commissioned the DGSD team at the HSRC to conduct research that would contribute to the identification of, and recording of the life histories of unsung heroes and heroines and to identify and provide supporting narratives for new liberation heritage sites. The NHC identified the development and management of the legacy of the liberation struggle as an important aspect of heritage preservation in the country, and initiated the Liberation Heritage Route (LHR) project as one of the initiatives in this regard. This was in consequence of the adoption of Resolution 33C/29 by the Commission for Culture (Commission IV) of the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) at the latter’s 33rd General Conference in October 2005. Liberation struggle heritage was thereby recognised as being of universal value and significance. The raison d’etre for this resolution was premised on: recognising African liberation heritage as a common heritage of shared global values (human rights, freedom, democracy, etc.); promoting dialogue amongst nations and cultures; developing and promoting a culture of peace; contributing to the memory of the world; and generating data and databases that raise awareness on the African liberation heritage.
The LHR is intended to consist of a series of sites that express the key aspects of the South African liberation experience. These sites are linked together by a common historical narrative of the liberation struggle and experience, and consist of historical evidence of events and activities associated with the history of the struggle. Included among the sites of the LHR are the Wesleyan Church where the ANC was formed in 1912, the Sharpeville Massacre, Lilliesleaf Farm, Johnny Makhathini’s House, the Langeberg Rebellion, the Bisho Massacre, and Victor Verster Prison. Some of these sites are well documented, while others are not. There is thus a need for research to add historical evidence of the significance of the latter sites.
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The Liberation Heritage Route, according to Advocate Sonwabile Mancotywa of the NHC: ‘will be an embodiment of our collective experiences, our ideals, values and principles which unified a people who were subjected to national oppression through a repressive system. We seek to honour the freedom fighters that swelled the ranks of the liberation movement, the progressive movement, the clandestine structures, the guerrilla (military) formations [and] those who carried high the banner through unprecedented international solidarity.’ This includes identifying and recording the life histories of the large number of unsung heroes and heroines of the struggle. The identification of these heroes and heroines, and recording and preservation of their life histories are significant for a number of reasons, including: honouring the contribution they made; the contribution their life stories can make to the memory of the world; the additional data arising from their life stories that adds to the narrative of the liberation struggle; and the creation of a new database that raises awareness on the African liberation heritage.
Methods: Literature review, review of archives, and life history, oral testimony and focus group interviews.
59. Mafeje and Magubane: Two concepts of the ‘South African Revolution’. Author: Mr Bongani Nyoka (ESD)
Archie Mafeje and Ben Magubane had an unusual ability for social prognosis even when the two of them differed markedly in their analyses of the envisaged ‘South African revolution’. This is true both in terms of their conceptual and empirical analyses of the South African socio‐political environment. Much of what they wrote in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s remains relevant even to this day. The two scholars understood more clearly, where their Marxist and liberal counterparts did not, that Africans had to wage their struggle against the apartheid regime both as a nation and as a class. Yet things did not quite turn out the way they had hoped. In the light of the ‘National Democratic Revolution’ (NDR) and the ‘second transition’, touted by the African National Congress (ANC), and calls for ‘economic freedom in our lifetime’ by its Youth League, it is so fitting as to be unavoidable that we revisit the writings of the two sociologists. While the ANC and South African Communist Party (SACP) acknowledge in their current documents that black people in South Africa were oppressed both in class and racial terms, the touted ‘NDR’ and ‘second transition’ presupposes the old notion of a ‘two‐stage’ theory of revolution i.e. national liberation which is followed by class emancipation or vice versa. This is not only a sequencing fallacy. More importantly, this idea flies in the face of the acknowledged fact that black people in South Africa were oppressed both in class and racial terms. This paper compares and contrasts Mafeje’s and Magubane’s conception of the South African revolution and highlights what insights we may garner from their writings on revolutionary theory.
60. Domestic water supply: Household dynamics and gender relation in water deficient villages in Amatole district municipality in the Eastern Cape. Author: Mr Kombi Sausi (DGSD)
Water is the foremost human basic need and is crucial for sustainable development particularly in rural areas where there is limited access to clean and safe water. The Gender and Water Alliance (GWA) (2006) state that limited to access of clean and safe water is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation at household level and that it widens the poverty gap, creates gender inequalities and the prevalence of water borne diseases. This study looks at women’s situation and gender relations within the context of the political and socio‐economic issues with particular focus on the acquisition of water. The study examines the implications for women and gender through customary norms and practices, local institutions, ideologies and cosmologies, household structures and people’s practices. At Amatole; women and men’s relationships to water are fundamentally different, and the differences have deep consequences for women’s status, standard of living and survival. It also aims to explore the dynamic gender relations and women’s vulnerability and dangers they face while trying to access water. The needs of women particularly rural women in South Africa have been marginalised by the state and its advisers, policy makers and relevant legislature. Thus this study aims to provide an opportunity to examine the strategic moves women make in new institutional and household contexts.
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Thus this study focuses on three rural villages under the Amatole municipality in the wild coast of the Eastern Cape. The villages under study are Cwebe, Mbelu and Ntilini. The demographics of the areas consist of women young children and older men. The younger and middle aged men migrate to the Rand to work on the mines as there are no employment opportunities in these areas. Almost all of the residents in these three villages are unemployed and depend on remittances and social grants. A very small number of the villagers’ livelihood is dependent on small gardens but nevertheless it is not enough for survival. Another small percentage is employed in the only tourist resort in the area which accommodates only 32 guests a clear sign that very few people in the area are absorbed in this soft industry.
These villages are sparsely scattered and the terrain is mountainous which makes it difficult for the people to access water. Cwebe, for example sources its water from Nlonyane River which is located in a deep gorge which is dangerous for the women and difficult to access. The area also has five dry boreholes which are not maintained. Ntilini and Mbelu share Mbashe River. The interesting part of these villages is that there are water tanks but they are only for agriculture and not household use. The agricultural water suppliers are different from those that supply water for household use. The residents of these three villages cannot relocate to other areas that have water supplies because most of the villagers are related through blood or marriage and their ancestors are buried there and they share the traditional land under the leadership of the chief.
Women bear the brunt of lack of clean water and have to travel long distances to collect water under dangerous circumstances. Policies on water in rural areas such as Cwebe, Ntilini and Mbelu and others all over South Africa do not take into account women’s issues or even include them in development planning that can benefit them as they are the ones that know what is best for them. Leaving women outside the decision making processes and structures often deny women their voice and further undermine their potential to make rational decisions. Although various analytical frameworks such as Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD)that deal with women’s issues such as access to water have been proposed to challenge gender stereotypes that result into women’s exclusion and marginalisation (Cornwall 2003: 1326) women’s are still on the periphery of society and their issues still need to be addressed. Thus there is a need for gender sensitive policies that are inclusive of women particularly on issues of rural women who face a triple burden in their daily lives. There is thus an urgent need to address the water crisis at Amatole Municipality.
SESSION O Venue: Acacia 2 Time: 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Social fragmentation: narratives and performances Chair: Prof. Pamela Naidoo (PHHSI)
61. Spatial trends of unemployment: Policy implications for South Africa. Author: Ms Gina Weir‐Smith (PHHSI)
Background: South African income inequality, as reflected in the Gini coefficient, increased from 0.64 in 1995 to 0.69 in 2005 and to 0.70 by 2008. The objectives of this presentation are: • To determine whether segregation increased between the unemployed and employed since 1991. • To identify structural breaks in municipal economies through changes in the industry composition.
Methods: The index of dissimilarity is a measure of segregation and compares the spatial distribution of two population sub‐ groups. A statistical analysis of segregation was done based on unemployment statistics for district municipalities. Census data from 1991 to 2011 was used since this provides a detailed geographic coverage of the country. Industry composition of municipalities since 1996 was compared to identify structural breaks in the local economy.
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Results: The findings showed that the dissimilarity between unemployed and employed increased in metropolitan areas and at the same time decreased in some rural areas. The industry composition of local municipalities shifted over time and in 2011 the majority of the labour force was employed in community services.
Conclusions: Increased dissimilarity means that the employed and unemployed has become more segregated over time. This could lead to decreased social cohesion, lack of access to labour opportunities and a mismatch between skills and labour demand. This increased inequality need to be addressed by broad policies supported by specific interventions that is targeted at the most needy people.
62. Intersecting identities: Race, sexual politics and place in the discourses of young, gender non‐conforming ‘coloured’ persons on Cape Town’s urban peripheries. Author: Ms Nadia Sanger (HSD)
Background: There has been little documented research on the experiences of gender non‐conforming (in this presentation, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersexed) persons in peripheral and predominantly ‘coloured’ suburbs in South Africa. ‘Coloured’ racial identities, in this presentation, are understood as apartheid creations referring broadly to persons of mixed racial ancestry spanning over approximately the last three hundred and fifty years. In South Africa, persons raced as ‘coloured’ usually reside in specific apartheid‐created communities, and are predominantly working‐class.
Methods: Based on 31 qualitative, in‐depth interviews and a PhotoVoice project with young, gender non‐conforming respondents across ‘coloured’ communities in the Western Cape, this presentation will discuss the discourses around sexuality, race, and place that emerged from the study. How do these young women and men talk about their sexual identities – how is the personal and the political understood, and what kinds of resistance to normative constructions of race and sexuality do they articulate? How does place – both as geographical space mediated by South Africa’s history, and place as located within the socio‐economic ‐ impact on how gendered and sexual identities are experienced?
Results: The study was not meant to reflect a particular ‘truth’ ‐ what is significant are the intersections between place, socio‐ economic realities, and sexuality, and how this works in communities on the Cape Flats and the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town. Place and resources matter in how gender non‐conforming persons express and re‐invent their identities.
Conclusions: Respondents’ discourses offer a perspective on how place differentially affects the experiences of gender non‐ conforming subjects. Localised and context‐specific research is significant in the production of knowledge. This study has attempted to reveal narratives/stories which otherwise, might not have been told. Such research is necessary in contexts where high levels of marginalisation based on multiple constructions of identities continue to be a reality. The respondents’ narratives reveal, however, that living on the urban margins, does not necessary and simplistically, equate to victimhood. Lives are lived in this space, and identities re‐invented.
63. Social values underlying multiple sexual partnerships in South Africa. Authors: Dr Dorina Onoya, Dr Khangelani Zuma, Dr Nompumelelo Zungu, Prof. Olive Shisana (CEO), Ms Vuyelwa Mehlomakhulu (HAST)
Background: Multiple sexual partnerships behaviour (MSP) is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of the high HIV/AIDS prevalence in the Sub‐Saharan African region. The purpose of this paper is to describe levels of MSP using a nationally representative sample and understand the determinants of MSP behaviours among South African men and women.
Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data from a multistage stratified population‐based cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2008 were used. A total of 20 826 participants completed a behavioural interview. Variables in the questionnaire included
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measures of perceived personal risk of HIV, condom use, perceived community values and MSP in the prior 12 months. Among 13828 survey respondents who were 15 years and older, the analysis focused on the 6990 (50.5%) who reported sexual activity in the prior 12 months. The qualitative component consisted of 7 focus group interviews investigating values underlying HIV related risk behaviours.
Results: MSP was generally higher among men compared to women. Among men, MSP was highest among Africans and least among Indians and was mainly done for social status. Furthermore, MSP behaviour was associated with a younger age (15 to 24 years old), higher condom use at last sex and perceived community acceptance of child‐bearing outside of marriage. Among women, reports of MSP were highest among Whites followed by Africans. The drivers of MSP among women include economic vulnerability, younger age at sexual debut and living in formal urban rather than formal rural areas. Additional determinants of MSP behaviour among both men and women were being in a short term relationship (< 1 year) and perceived unfaithfulness of the current partner.
Conclusion: The data presented in this paper strengthens the knowledge base for the importance of MSP as a risk factor for HIV and outline factors that should strongly be considered in the response to HIV in South Africa.
64. Global governance and policies to end inequality: Where does research integrity fit in? Authors: Dr Christa Van Zyl and Ms Thando Maseti (DCEO office)
Background: Collaborative research often entails inequalities. Research that cross national, institutional, disciplinary and sector boundaries may involve substantial differences. Within research teams, there are usually members with more power, experience, or better access to resources than others. The quality, credibility and sustainability of collaborative research depend on how well these inequalities and related tensions are managed.
The Third World Conference on Research Integrity, held in Montreal, Canada in May 2013, focused on “Research Integrity in Cross‐Boundary Research Collaboration.” Recognising that collaborative research teams often have to overcome differences in terms of regulatory and legal systems, approaches to training, organisational and funding structures as well as research cultures, delegates to the conference adopted 20‐point “Montreal Statement” that may serve as stepping stone towards helping to reduce tensions and inequalities in the research enterprise.
This purpose of this paper is to apply principles outlined in the Montreal Statement to some of the problems or challenges that may typically be experienced by junior members of collaborative research teams. In the absence of national or global policies to deal with such perceived inequalities, tentative recommendations on minimum guidelines at institutional, national as well as global levels are made.
Methods: The principles outlined in the Montreal Statement were analysed from two perspectives:
The first perspective involved an analytical review of principles, and to relate them to practical examples of inequalities that may occur in collaborative research. Four issues were selected, namely: • Benefits and costs (also linked to resource management) • Roles and responsibilities (also linked to monitoring and accountability) • Data, Intellectual Property and Research Records • Publishing, Authorship and Acknowledgement
The second perspective involved a more holistic view, by comparing the principles with international standards for good project management. Results: The principles outlined in the Montreal Statement, if applied consistently within and across research institutions nationally as well as internationally, can help to reduce inequalities in the research enterprise.
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The principles are also aligned with standards for good research project management.
Conclusions: Ideally, principles to inform collaborative research or team work could be reflected in national or international guidelines or institutional policies. However, these will still have to be agreed to upfront by collaborative teams, who will have to translate such principles into practice and to reflect these in project charters or collaborative research agreements.
SESSION P Venue: Acacia 3 Time; 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Economics growth paths and employment creation Chair: Dr Charles Nhemachena (EPD)
65. ‘The Second War of Liberation’: Political culture and the marketing of economic policy in the African National Congress (ANC). Authors: Dr Rushil Ranchod (ESD)
Background: This paper examines the nuanced terrain upon which the ANC’s economic policy‐making operated since 1994. Through the lens of political marketing, the paper argues that economic policy is an important discursive and representational apparatus in the political sphere. It allows for critical insights into the ‘narratives of government’ where a clearer understanding of its motivations, orientations and ethics are lent ‘coherence’ and ‘direction’ (O’Shaughnessy, 2003). Further, these narratives are the essence of the creation of the symbolic foundations of the new South African state (O’Shaughnessy, 2003). The emergence of democratic South Africa and the narratives that underpin it are duly indebted to a struggle‐inspired discourse shaped by the ANC. Tracing the shift from the popularly inspired Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to the neoliberal Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) policy, the paper examines the means by which a newly inaugurated ANC government needed to adapt to a dynamic global political and economic context. The process of such adaptation, especially in economic policy marketing, permits a deeper insight into the strategic political course plotted by the ANC. Further, it sheds light on the changing political culture within the party. The political effect of such change was significant and is explored in the paper.
Methods: The paper analyses a range of primary and secondary literatures, some obtained from archives in South Africa, to obtain a rich picture of the motivations for economic policy in South Africa. A rich and nuanced picture is discursively rendered through a reading of this range of documentary evidence.
Conclusions: The ANC’s political marketing of economic policy aimed to inculcate confidence in its ability to govern (and re‐ make) South Africa and imbued ‘brand ANC’ with a sense of trustworthiness and pragmatism. But a discernible politics underpinned its marketing activities that would shed light on the changing political culture of the movement. The adoption of technocratic‐inspired and neoliberal economic policies was motivated not simply by the ‘selling out’ of its core constituencies and its historical mission in the face of global orthodoxy. Rather, a more differentiated position is adopted in this paper; it argues that underpinning this shift toward a neoliberal economic path was a discourse of emancipation that sought to assert (South) African agency and ownership over global economic processes. The effect was not only limited within national borders, but also resonated continentally in the idea of the African Renaissance. In sum, the paper demonstrates the interplay between policy‐making, political marketing and the changing political culture of the ANC. The impact of this interplay has important implications for the creation of a symbolic South African state and the politics that informs such creation.
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66. Changing artisanal occupational milieus and identities: Towards clearer identification and understanding of lingering inequalities. Authors: Dr Angelique Wildschut and Ms Tamlynne Meyer (ESD)
Background: The realities of current globalised work contexts require certain occupational groups to have a far broader knowledge, skill and dispositional range than what was the case in the past. These changes challenge our notions of what kind of skills, knowledge, competencies and values, are considered to be the preserve of professionals and so are integrally linked to notions of status and inequality in the world of work. As Abbot (1988) notes, the boundaries between what is considered a profession or occupation are becoming ever more porous. It is becoming ever more pressing that professions studies consider methodologies that can expand knowledge and understanding in a way that is consistent with the realities of the current nature of work.
Methods: This paper proposes the value of a methodology employed in a South African study that aims to better understand the changing milieus and identities of artisanal occupations. The study uses a broad Sociology of Work and Occupations/Professions approach as a useful theoretical lens and methodological framework for such an investigation.
Conclusions: Drawing on the conceptual approach proposed in the study, this paper thus argues that debates around the professions, need to take into account lower‐level occupations more robustly as critical to understanding such phenomena. Such an approach can contribute to better identifying the nature of lingering inequalities in different occupational contexts and in so doing better positioning relevant stakeholders in addressing such inequalities.
67. Mining and industrial development in South Africa at 20 Years of democracy: The case of China and South Africa. Authors: Ms Funeka Yazini April (AISA)
Background: South Africa's engagement with China is located within the country's key foreign policy priorities that are shaped by its domestic priorities which include factors such as poverty alleviation, and equitable distribution of wealth. China’s engagement with Africa on the other hand, has been subject to a lot of scrutiny due to the trade imbalances between the two countries that have developed immensely over the years. These imbalances have raised concerns as to whether African colonial trading patterns are manifesting, or whether South Africa is just failing to effectively take advantage of its bilateral relations with China. This study assesses mineral industrialization by analyzing the results of mineral trade agreements between China and South Africa. The industrial assessment will be done against the backdrop of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA).
Most of the bi‐lateral trade agreements have been established to promote economic growth and industrial development in South Africa. About 15 years ago, a trade agreement was made between China and South Africa regarding ASA metals in Limpopo, where China agreed to implement the MPRDA in order to promote the local industry. Then in 2012, an MoU was signed by representatives of the China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Limpopo's Corridor Mining Resources and the Universities of Limpopo and Venda to transform South Africa's coal industry thereby increasing economic opportunities for local people. Recently, China signed acquired a 45% stake in Wesizwe Platinum mine and provided a $650 million loan. In assessing mineral industrialization in the past 19 years, this study applies the institutional legislative theory which focuses on development as the set of processes within which the state, using the law deliberately transforms the country’s institutions in ways likely to help resolve those social problems. The MPRDA will be used as a measuring yard stick of economic transformation in the mineral industrial sector.
Methods: The framework of the research methodology in this study is three pronged: Firstly, this study will utilize desk top research. Secondly, this research is based on visits with relevant government departments such as the Department of Trade and Industry. The third prong of this research is drawn from fieldwork undertakings in both China and Limpopo. Scientifically, the fieldwork visits focused on purposive question sampling for gathering data.
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Results: As South Africa turns 20 years, it has not managed to effectively harness its relationship with China by promoting industrial growth. Instead despite the MPRDA legislation, South Africa has acquired the “dutch disease” syndrome whereby South Africa continues to export raw minerals and import value added finished goods.
Conclusions: It is essential that South Africa’s foreign policy with China strategically addresses trade agreements, and effectively implements the MPRDA in order to reduce trade imbalance. South Africa should also facilitate high intensity beneficiation in order to promote value added products for export which would in turn strengthen the economy, create jobs, reduce poverty alleviation, and transform the economy
SESSION Q Venue: Candlewood Time: 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Global health and inequality Chair: Mr Shandir Ramlagan (HAST)
68. Understanding male, female and couples perceptions of medical male circumcision in traditionally non‐circumcising communities in KwaZulu‐Natal. Authors: Mr Hilton Humphries, Dr Lucia Knight, Prof. Heidi van Rooyen (HAST), Meighan Krows, Ruanne Barnabas and Connie Celum (UWashington)
Background: Three independent randomized controlled trials conducted in Africa have demonstrated a 60% protective effect of medical male circumcision (MMC). Large‐scale MMC could have a significant effect on HIV prevalence in generalized HIV epidemics, especially with populations that currently have low MMC rates. To date, high rates of implementation and coverage of MMC has been difficult to achieve in many of these high incidence, traditionally non‐circumcising populations. In KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN), South Africa, despite a prevalence of 25% in 2009, the province only achieved 18% of its proposed MMC target in 2010/2011. Numerous reasons are given for the failings of the province to meet the target including operational problems, training issues and lack of information in the community. Little focused, in‐depth information has been collected to assess acceptability, challenges and perceptions of MMC from men, women and couples.
Methods/Results: This paper presents the results of an on‐going qualitative study that aims to understand the key issues and experiences of different cohorts towards MMC. This paper will focus on the perceptions of women (3 focus groups [FGD]), men who have been circumcised (3 FGD), men who have not been circumcised (3 FGD) and couples (8 interviews)
The results demonstrate the potential role that women, the appeal of a circumcised penis to women in particular, and couples can play in the uptake of MMC and motivating MMC. Participants appeared to feel that ability to perform sexually or perform better and maintain penis function were important issues that would act as either a positive or negative motivating factor in deciding whether to have a circumcision.
Other important findings include the large numbers of false beliefs and information around MMC and how social interaction is a key issue for discussions with men and women, the interactions people had with others clearly affected how they thought about and perceived MMC.
Discussion: The study results suggest the need for increased innovation and responsiveness to local population context with regards to MMC provision. The study suggests women and the context of couples have an underestimated role in motivating MMC. The findings suggest that mobilising MMC within the realm of sexual reproductive health of both men and women may present an excellent opportunity for promoting MMC rather than only as an HIV prevention strategy for men.
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Sexual reproductive health and sexual performance are important issues and appear to have a significant impact on motivation to have MMC. Additionally, partner buy‐in or partners motivating for MMC could provide innovation in service provision but currently remains an almost unexplored avenue of MMC programmes. Tailoring services and information dissemination to men, women and couples jointly could have a significant effect on the uptake of MMC. Methods for systematically sharing locally acceptable and suitable information to responses to community beliefs and false information may be important in the design of MMC programmes and assist in reducing barriers to MMC uptake.
69. ‘Beer and braai’: a South African health‐promotion framework for reducing alcohol‐related harm. Authors: Dr Liezille Jacobs & Dr Nelia Steyn (PHHSI)
Background: Approaches that attempt to bring about change in drinking behaviour through education alone are likely to have limited or no success. This presentation focuses on the effectiveness of a South African health promotion framework in preventing alcohol related harm because in South Africa no training in epidemiology is required to detect how consumption of alcohol is associated with many effects harmful to health. On the other hand, strong evidence indicates that moderate consumption of alcohol is protective against many health problems. With this in mind, it is difficult to promulgate a positive food‐based dietary guideline (FBDG), which motivates alcohol consumption at any level.
Methods: Various academic search engines were employed to find reviews of alcohol studies with a special educational focus on health promotion emphasizing the social consequences and nutritional impact of alcohol.
Results: Based on evidence over the past two decades, the positive health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption with respect to the increased levels of fractions of HDL‐cholesterol need to be raised and even encouraged in those who are very moderate drinkers, at one alcoholic drink per day for women and a maximum of two drinks for men. Nutrition educators need to stress the negative consequences of alcohol abuse.
Conclusions: The 2012 FBDG excludes an alcohol guideline, however, this presentation serves to ensure that effective health promotion is ensued in South Africa where drinking is emerged into the culture. Also, the current FBDG: “If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly”, should be replaced with this research findings.
70. Uthando Lwethu: A couples‐based intervention aimed to increase rates of HIV testing among heterosexual couples in KwaZulu‐Natal. Authors: Mr Thulani Ngubane, Dr Lucia Knight, Dr Nuala McGrath (London School of Hygene), Prof. Heidi van Rooye (HAST), Dr Katherine Fritz (ICRW), Vicky Hosegood, Prof. Mallory Johnson(UCSF), Lynae Darbes (UCSF)
Background: Rates of HIV testing and disclosure are low in South Africa. Couples‐based voluntary counseling and testing (CBVCT) is an effective strategy to address these issues, but uptake has been low. Couples who participated in CBVCT reported that their motivations stemmed from relationship‐focused issues such as commitment and trust. We designed a couples‐based intervention aimed to improve communication skills and increase positive relationship dynamics in order to increase uptake of CBVCT.
Methods: Our randomized controlled trial is currently being conducted amongst heterosexual couples in rural, KwaZulu‐ Natal (target N=350 couples). The intervention involves two group sessions (one mixed gender and one single‐gender session) and four couples counselling sessions. We conduct community‐based recruitment following community mobilization. Couples are excluded if they have not been in a relationship for at least six months, or if mutual disclosure of HIV status has occurred.
Results: We started recruitment in March of 2012. To date we have initially screened 179 couples. Sixty six couples were screened out because they did not meet our inclusion criteria. The most common reason for ineligibility was prior couples
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testing (27 couples) and not having a primary partner to participate with (13 couples). A second round of screening was conducted to rule out those who reported severe domestic violence. Only one couple was screened out for this reason. One hundred and sixty eight couples have completed the baseline assessment and have been included in the intervention and follow‐up assessment phases. The mean age for enrolled men in couples is 29 and for women 28 years. The mean relationship length for men is 5 years and 5 months and for women 4 years and 11 months.
Conclusions: We have been successful in recruiting couples for participation in our intervention. Our efforts were strengthened by our formative work with the community and by the range of community mobilization strategies we employed to recruit couples. Should our intervention be successful it has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of HIV in an area severely affected by the epidemic.
SESSION R Venue: Varna (Petit Centre) Time: 8:30 – 10:00 Theme: Inequality and access to quality education Chair: Dr Glenda Kruss (ESD)
71. Public attitudes to science in South Africa. Authors: Dr Vijay Reddy, Mr Michael Gastrow, Ms Andrea Juan (ESD), Mr Benjamin Roberts (DGSD)
Background: In a global environment characterised by the growing role of science and technology in our economic, social, and political lives, an international research agenda has arisen to measure and understand how science and technology are perceived and evaluated by the public. In 2010, the South African Social Attitudes Survey included 20 items to measure public attitudes towards science, knowledge about science, and sources of information about science.
Methods: This paper reports on findings, through a bi‐variate analysis, on South African attitudes towards science and technology, how have these changed between 1999 and 2010, and where South African science attitudes fit on the canvas of global science attitudes.
Results: The data reveal a complex and shifting relationship between attitudes of promise and reservation towards science in South Africa. In the international context, South Africa has a unique ‘fingerprint’ of public attitudes towards science. The strongest demographic variable impacting on attitudes towards science was educational attainment followed by age. Gender did not produce any impact on attitudes. This broad overview also highlights some directions for further research than can meet the growing academic and policy interest in the interface between the institutions of science and the public
Conclusions: South Africa has a unique ‘fingerprint’ of public attitudes towards science. This broad overview also highlights some directions for further research than can meet the growing academic and policy interest in the interface between the institutions of science and the public.
72. Assessment for learning and the South African classroom: Towards mapping of the affordances, impedances and opportunities. Authors: Mr Matthews Matome Makgamatha (ESD)
Background: While much has been written on the successes of assessment for learning in schools and classrooms in developed countries, not much research has been done on the same issue in developing country context. Thus the possible success or lack of success of this form of assessment in supporting the learning and teaching process in classrooms in schools in developing countries is unknown. In the South African context, assessment for learning (or assessment supporting teaching and learning) feature as one of the different modes of classroom assessment that teachers are encouraged to apply to foster
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learning achievement at the classroom level. The possible success or lack of success of assessment for learning in improving teaching and learning remain unexplored. So the aim of this paper is to explore the possible successes and potential failures may result from implementing assessment for learning as an assessment strategy to foster improvement in classroom teaching and learning.
Methods: Data for this paper will be mined from a completed pilot study on teacher classroom assessment practices in South African schools. The data was collected using teacher survey questionnaires, teacher interviews and classroom observations.
Results: The results obtained from the teacher assessment practices study will be used to map the affordances, impedances and opportunities that may obtain in implementing assessment for learning as a strategy to support classroom teaching and learning.
Conclusions: The paper will conclude by stating the opportunities for successful implementation of assessment for learning in the South African context, possible pitfalls and speculate about the wayforward.
73. Understanding the effect of schools on South African learners ‐ hat we know from the 2011 TIMSS data. Authors: Dr George Frempong & Mrs Lolita Winnaar (ESD)
Over the past decades, the development of an effective education system that provides opportunities for all learners to be successful at schools has been an important objective of countries around the world. This objective is largely driven by the contention that a successful education system where most citizens are educated often leads to a prosperous economy, social cohesion and quality of life. Developing an effective education is a complex process that requires continuous assessment and evaluations of the educational processes and outcomes. At the international level, large scale educational assessments such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) provides opportunities for educational systems to conduct “comprehensive state‐of the‐art assessments” of students’ achievement in relations to their schooling and learning experiences. The analyses of these data often demands complex statistical procedures often referred to as multilevel models that allow us to assess school effect—the extent to which schools make a difference in learners’ success in schooling. In this paper, using the 2011 South African TIMSS data, we would demonstrate the application of these complex statistical models in identifying the most important indicators of successful schools in South Africa.
74. Education policies geared towards improving education quality: exploring the lived experiences of orphaned learners. Author: Dr Charlotte Motha (ESD)
This is a qualitative case study which sought to explore the lived experiences of primary school orphaned learners in relation to the official conceptions of quality education as articulated in the South African government policies. The study interrogates policy intentions geared towards improving the quality of education in South African schools and juxtaposes the intended policies with the lived experiences of orphaned learners. The results show that orphaned learners bring to school peculiar attributes which would produce outcomes that differ from those envisaged in policy documents. The study indicates that by studying lived experiences of these learners, a better understanding of the quality of education received is made possible and in turn could influence the conceptualisation of quality education and support structures required to achieve this ideal at higher level of the education system
10:00 – 10:30 Tea break
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SESSION S Venue: Silverleaf Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Climate change and consequent inequality Chair: Prof. Sharlene Swartz (HSD)
75. The Green Accord: Will it help to address inequality in a greener South African economy? Authors: Dr Leanne Seeliger and Prof. Ivan Turok (EPD)
Background: Ensuring greener means of production, distribution and consumption within the economy has the potential to create more job opportunities and reduce income equality for low to middle‐income countries or the poor. If this potential is to be realised, however, a number of governance, policy and market‐led interventions are necessary. South Africa’s Green Accord, labeled one of the most comprehensive social pacts on green jobs in the world, suggests a number of measures that could help achieve this. Interventions range from extended public works programmes to providing up to R25 billion for investments in green economy activities over the next five years. This paper evaluates these measures and compares them to policy instruments, state capacity building schemes and measuring tools used elsewhere to bring about this goal of greater equality.
Methods: Desktop analysis and interviews
76. Climate change’s dual injustice; case study of Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Authors: Dr Shingirirai Savious Mutanga and Mr Muhammed Sheik Oumar (AISA)
Background: The groups and populations often harmed by climate change are the least responsible for causing it and have the least resources to cope with the consequences—this is the "double injustice". Like many cities in the developing world lower income communities (urban poor) who live in flood prone areas remain highly vulnerable as they face greater risk. Current trends show an ever increasing frequency of occurrence in floods which have claimed not only human lives but also property and infrastructure. The City of Dar Es Salaam has not been spared in these catastrophes over the past decades.
Methods: Using flood adaptation indicators such as flood risk, emergence preparedness and socio‐economic vulnerability indices the study analysed how Tanzania is adapting to the scourge of floods. Central to the methodological approach is the use of Geographic Information Systems to map and asses the degree of vulnerability based on proximity to Drainage Systems and the location using a digital elevation model.
Detailed information on existing vulnerability to climate variability among poor residents of informal settlements was obtained through (i) review of existing literature, (ii) focus group discussions, and (iii) in‐person visits with Government, non‐ government and community development organisation officials.
Results: Through a digital elevation model (DEM) looking at the physical exposure and socio‐economic vulnerability indicators approximately, 8% of the city’s population lies within the low elevation coastlines with a projected 225 000 people being exposed to floods by 2050. The majority of which are anticipated to be the urban poor.
Conclusions: The projected high total number of people leaving in low lying flood prone areas by 2050 raises important questions of intergenerational justice. People living in flood prone areas remain highly vulnerable as they face greater risk. The study concurs with the notion that steering development away from low‐lying areas that are not (or less) threatened by sea‐level rise and extreme climates could be an effective strategic response to reduce the future growth in exposure as we confront climate change’s dual injustice.
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77. The state of food security R&D in South Africa. Authors: Dr Moses Mefika Sithole & Ms Nolitha Nkobole (CESTII)
Background: Food insecurity is a global crisis, with about a quarter of the undernourished in developing countries living in Sub‐Saharan countries, including South Africa. Poverty and food insecurity in South Africa resulted from several centuries’ worth of colonial and apartheid policies that were, designed specifically to create general conditions unfavourable to the well‐being of black African people in all its aspects, especially in the former homelands. It is estimated that about 39% of South Africans are vulnerable to food insecurity. The government has tried to respond to this by through social protection in the form of social grants and (on a far smaller scale) by providing food aid in the form of food parcels and school feeding schemes. On the other hand, research has shown that there is a direct link between investment in agricultural research and experimental development (R&D) and increase in agricultural growth and poverty reduction. Therefore, this paper gives the state of food security R&D in South Africa in terms of expenditure and personnel investments. Methods: Data on R&D expenditure and personnel in the area of food security were obtained from the Survey Management and Results System (SMRS) database for data management of the R&D Survey data collected on behalf of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) by the HSRC’s Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII). Patterns and trends of food security R&D indicators were tabulated and/or graphed over time in the period between 2004 and 2009. These patterns and trends were split by type of research, namely, basic, experimental and applied research.
Results: The results indicate that food security R&D has been increasing, though the year‐on‐year growth has been declining over this period. Experimental food security R&D has consistently dominated both basic and applied research in the private sector, indicating the commercial orientation of this sector’s research. The higher education sector predominantly focused on basic research while science councils predominantly performed both basic and applied research. Although there was some marginal growth in food security R&D personnel, the headcounts and FTEs remained low due to lack of expertise in a scarce skills area.
Conclusions: The major implication of these findings is that there is need to increase the investments in food security R&D.
SESSION T Venue: Acacia 1 Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Human capital development and structural change Chair: Dr Bongani Bantwini (RIA)
78. The relative impact of language factors on TIMSS learner achievement. Authors: Ms Shawn Rogers and Dr Cas Prinsloo (ESD)
Background: The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) has been undertaken in South Africa in 1995, 1999, 2002 and more recently in 2011. TIMSS is one of the first studies to provide international and national learner assessment trend data for mathematics and science and placed quality of education in the eye of politicians, policymakers and the public. Despite large and growing investment in the education system, school achievement remains poor among South African learners. No consensus exists about what best explains poor achievement, and where best to focus in addressing that. This presentation used the TIMSS data to determine the relative impact of language, cultural capital and economic capital factors on learner achievement, with a particular interest in the contributions of home and instructional language equivalence among learners. Knowing the answer to this question will help guide the allocation of resources to language development and other areas believed to impact learner achievement.
Methods: The TIMSS data was used as it is one of the largest cross‐country achievement studies which provides reliable data on factors directly linked to learning that could improve learner outcomes by benchmarking within the country and
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comparing internationally. In TIMSS 2011, South Africa selected 298 schools with approximately 12 000 learners and collected mathematics and science achievement data via achievement booklets and school, teacher and learner contextual information using background questionnaires. This study selected specific language, cultural capital and economic capital variables from the South African TIMSS dataset and used factor/principal component analysis to identify the most appropriate individual items to reduce the overall number of variables used in modeling. Subsequently, multiple regression analyses were run, to determine factors’ relative impact on achievement.
Results: Controlling for cultural and economic capital (i.e., taking that into account), the equivalence between home and test language benefits learner achievement most significantly.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of language contributions in education and further resources should be allocated to improving the language and literacy skills of learners in their language of learning and teaching (LoLT) from a younger age, to work towards enhancing their achievement rates in South Africa.
79. Wellbeing in the workplace – exploring the work values and sources of job satisfaction in South Africa. Author: Ms Bongiwe Mncwango (ESD)
In the past, the dictum “more is better” has always prevailed in terms of job creation across both developed and developing nations. Until recently, the literature on development has focused primarily on quantities of jobs generated, which stands in contrast with the growing scholarship emphasising the importance of measuring the qualitative properties of each job created. While absolute numbers of people in paid employment are an indicator of economic growth, concerns about the actual ‘quality of work’ and resulting experiences have begun to take centrality in policy and academic circles in both developed and developing countries. This is being driven by the growing awareness that not only the number but also the quality of jobs created is important. Such discourses in the South African context have been undermined by concerns about high unemployment. The current project does not argue for precedence of ‘quality’ over ‘quantity’ in respect to job creation or the other way around, but the basic premise is rather that ‘job quality’ discourses should not be pushed into the periphery until such time that the labour absorption targets have been reached.
It is against this background that the study seeks to investigate the main drivers and determinants of job satisfaction as a subjective indicator of quality of work life in South Africa. Moreover, the study will also shed light on what is perceived by South Africans as important aspects of work. Workers’ subjective evaluations that manifest in perceptions, and attitudes towards their work has been proven to be related to labour market behaviour such absenteeism, job quitting, early retirement, overall productivity and also to be a strong predictor of the individual wellbeing. Almost two decades after the fall of apartheid in South Africa, economic and social outcomes of the previously marginalized groups in the labour market remain bleak. Whilst there are notable demographic changes reflective of a more equitable workplace, the employee wellbeing and subjective evaluations have been largely ignored.
Methods: The study will use data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), conducted annually by the HSRC since 2003. It will specifically draw from the 2011 data which had specific items on work orientations. A representative sample of 2900 respondents participated.
Results: This would be both a descriptive as well as an explanatory study as it will provide baseline data for the evaluation of work quality and attitudes to work in the SA context
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80. Panel discussion: Social dynamics of innovation for equitable transformation in rural South Africa Authors: Dr Peter Jacobs, Ms Alex Mhula, Ms Hlokoma Mangqalaza, Mr Tim Hart & Mr Kgabo Ramoroka (EPD) • Where does rural innovation fit into South Africa’s ST&I policies?‐ Mr Tim Hart • Innovation activities in spatially marginalised localities‐ Ms Hlokoma Mangqalaza • Patterns of ICT penetration in rural South Africa – Mr Kgabo Ramoroka • Measuring and evaluating the innovative capabilities in rural areas: reviewing methodology wars – Dr Peter Jacobs & Ms Alex Mhula
Background: Panel presenters reflect on new evidence from pilot testing the Rural Innovation Assessment Toolbox (RIAT) in Mopani, Chris Hani, uMzinyathi and Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipalities to shed light on the social dynamics of innovation activities.
At a basic level any innovation in products (goods and services) that improve the wellbeing and quality of life of the users has a social dimension. The resulting social benefits may include diverse outcomes such as solar lighting systems, ways to reduce carbon footprints and various policies considered to be socially informed and directed. Such innovations can be developed by the private, public or non‐profit sector. Groups of individuals often introduce or improve how they organise themselves with the aim to improve their wellbeing and social welfare. For example people might organise themselves into groups to better access community or other services or to manage natural resources more effectively. Some observers also consider the self‐ organisation of workers to improve hours and working conditions or the self‐organisation of producers to access new markets collectively as an innovative social arrangement.
Societal or systemic change sometimes flows from innovations which integrate social benefit outcomes and new forms of collaboration of individuals into effective groups. In other words, innovation must be ‘bottom‐up’ driven and must change the system of how innovations are identified, developed and diffused to the broader public and that they meet the particular social needs of this public, i.e. needs which are often neglected by the market economy. Consequently the implementation of socially oriented innovation activities and their outcomes vary widely from place to place and country to country, with different impacts and acceptance.
Methods: Measurement approach: Given the relative ‘newness’ of this exercise, exploratory methods proved to be most suitable for pilot testing the mixed structured questionnaire (mapping tool) of the ‘rural innovation assessment toolbox’. To take care of the ‘hidden elements of the rural innovation value chain’ the pilot phase combined purposive survey design and snowball sampling.
Information collection instrument: The core component of RIAT is a survey questionnaire made up of a balanced mix of closed (quantitative) and open‐ended (qualitative) questions on innovation activities.
Results: Innovation Value Chains: Enterprises located in rural areas ‘innovate’ but bottom‐up understandings of ‘innovation activities’ in these areas do not always conform to textbook based viewpoints. From the 2012 RIAT scoping research it was revealed that few rural people are aware of the National Systems of Innovation and generally do not think of themselves as part of any innovation system. Adoption, adaption and diffusion are integral to almost every innovation value chain yet these are not often seen as ‘proper’ innovation activities.
Sub‐national Space‐bounded innovation systems: Innovation activities must be suitable to contextual realities if optimal societal benefits are to be realised. ‘Rural innovation’ pans wider innovation value chains beyond ‘invention’. Viewing it through the lens of ‘sub‐national space‐bounded innovation’ has been helpful in discovering the creative potential and learning capabilities in rural areas.
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Social Dynamics of Innovation: The dynamics of direct participatory forms of local organisation of people to access services and goods and improve livelihoods require closer investigation rather than restricting so‐called ‘social innovation’ to outcomes trickling down to society or marginalised members of society from ‘invented products’ (goods and services).
Conclusion: The presentation of empirical evidence from 4 Rural Districts in South Africa may suggest some clearer understandings of the multiple and diverse roles and effects of social dynamics of innovation within the rural development context. This would be done from the perspective of rural people and enterprises (users and implementers).
SESSION U Venue: Acacia 2 Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Gender inequalities at home and in the market Chair: Dr Nadia Sanger (HSD)
81. ‘Moffies’ and gay men becoming ‘real’ men: How ulwaluko facilitates tolerance of ‘moffies’ and gay men in Gugulethu, Cape Town. Authors: Mr Thiyane Duda (HAST)
Background: Popular media illustrates that black South African townships are rife with homophobia. At the same time, there is evidence of emerging tolerance of men with same sex desires. This paper is a chapter extracted from my Masters thesis, which explores tolerance of ‘moffies’ and gay men in Gugulethu. Gugulethu is a black African township located on the South Eastern outskirts of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. In this paper I will look at in how ulwaluko (Xhosa traditional male initiation rite of passage) facilitates tolerance of ‘moffies’ and gay men in this community.
Methods: This paper is based on fieldwork I conducted over a period of two months in Gugulethu, using ethnographic methods of data collection. I conducted observations, unstructured interviews, group discussions, participant observation and deep hanged‐out with participants at their homes, in the streets, local shebeens and night clubs in the city. The fieldwork focused on four men with same sex desires who identify as both ‘moffies’ and gay men. I also accessed the social networks of the four men, which comprised largely of their friends and family.
Results: One of the key findings in my fieldwork is that ulwaluko is one of the critical factors that facilitate acceptance of ‘moffies’ and gay men in Gugulethu. By participating in ulwaluko ‘moffies’ and gay men show that they still respect their Xhosa traditional and cultural values, despite their sexuality. This rite of passage earns ‘moffies’ and gay men respect from other men and the rest of community. Moreover when ‘moffies’ and gay men go to initiation school it is believed that they will come back with their sexuality transformed. When this does not happen, the community realizes that the sexuality practiced by ‘moffies’ and gay men is real.
Conclusions: Often tradition and culture are used to stigmatize and marginalize men with same sex desires. My research shows that it is possible for tradition and culture to empower men with same sex desires and foster possibilities of tolerance by the community. However, ulwaluko in particular achieves this through coopting ‘moffies’ and gay men into hegemonic permutations of masculinity.
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82. A cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of peer mentors to support South African women living with HIV and their Infants. Authors: Dr M Rotheram (University of California), Prof. Linda Richter., Dr Alastair van Heerden (HAST), Dr Heidi van Rooyen, Dr M Tomlinson (University of Stellenbosch), J Harwood (University of California), Z Tang (University of California), A Stein (University of Oxford)
Background: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) research often focuses exclusively on improving the successful completion of the five PMTCT tasks. However, women living with HIV (WLH) face lifelong challenges which extend long after completion of PMTCT tasks. WLH must maintain their own health, ensure that partners and family members are protected from HIV transmission, and cope with uncomfortable feelings (depression, anxiety) and stigma, as WLH decide how, when and to whom they disclose their HIV status. This paper will evaluate maternal and infant outcomes among Women Living with HIV, supported by HIV positive Peer Mentors, from pregnancy through to 12 months post‐delivery.
Methods: Pregnant South African WLH (N=1200) were randomly assigned by clinic to an Enhanced Intervention (EI) (n=4 clinics; n= 547 WLH) or a Standard Care (SC) condition (n=4 clinics; n=656 WLH). WLH in the EI were invited to attend four antenatal and four postnatal meetings led by HIV positive Peer Mentors. Two post‐birth assessment interviews were completed by 61.8% of WLH at 1.5, 6 or 12 months. Outcomes were analyzed using multiple regression analyses, controlling for clinic clustering and baseline measures.
Results: WLH attended an average of 4.1 sessions (SD=2.0); 13% did not attend any sessions. Over time, WLH in the EI reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms and fewer underweight infants than WLH in the SC condition. EI WLH were significantly more likely to use one feeding method for six months and exclusively breastfeed their infants for at least 6 months. WLH faced many challenges in accessing the clinic based peer support service and attendance dropped significantly at each post birth follow up point with 70% of women returning to the clinic between 6 days and six weeks post‐birth, 57% at 6 months, and 24% at 12 months post‐birth.
Conclusions: WLH are vulnerable to social isolation, anxiety and depression following the birth of their child. The current findings suggest that support from HIV+ Peer Mentors is effective in helping WLH engage in positive health behaviours for themselves and their infants for some tasks from 6‐12 months post‐birth. Symptoms of depression were reduced and social support increased in women receiving the intervention. Although WLH benefit from the support of HIV positive Peer Mentors, clinic based support is not an effective vehicles for delivering Peer mentoring to depressed and socially isolated women. A home based service model is proposed as an alternative strategy to reach the most at need WLH.
83. Correlates of consistent condom use among recently initiated and traditionally circumcised men in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Authors: Dr Anam Nyembezi, Prof. RAC Ruiter (Maastricht University), Prof. B van den Borne (Maastricht University), Dr S Sifunda (HAST), I Funani (MRCSA), Prof. Priscilla Reddy (PHHSI)
Background: Consistent and correct use of condoms is the most effective method of preventing STIs including HIV. However, there is recent evidence suggesting that consistent condom use is at odds with male circumcision because of incorrect beliefs of reduced risk to HIV infection.
Methods: A cross sectional study using interviewer administered fully structured questionnaires was conducted among 1656 men who had undergone initiation and traditional male circumcision in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province.
Results: Consistent condom use was positively associated with the knowledge of condoms, positive attitudes towards condom use with main and casual sexual partners, positive subjective norms towards condom use with the main sexual
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partner, perceived self‐efficacy towards condom use, positive self‐esteem, positive beliefs about male circumcision and STI protection, positive attitudes towards gender based violence and ethnic identity towards cultural alienation.
Conclusions: The predictors identified by this study reveal opportunities that can be taken advantage for the development of a focused cultural sensitive STI/HIV intervention aimed to increase consistent condom use among circumcised men.
84. Workplace experiences of black women of a PTA fast‐food outlet: Has gender legislation helped? Authors: Ms Gladys Ntabanyane (RIA), Thando Maseti (DCEO office)
Background: The Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) is mandated to monitor legislation and constitutional provisions that seek to address gender and disability transformation. Despite these constitutional developments in South Africa, it appears that issues related to gender and employment equity continue to be a major concern. The Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) mentions that “society has suffered from millennia of patriarchy and dominance by males in the political, economic, social and cultural life”. Statements made by such institutions that are geared towards developing and implementing change alert one to the current need for transformation to be made more radical in order to address equality and equity on multiple platforms in which women co‐exist with their male counterparts. This paper is based on a study that sought to review key policies and legislation promulgated post 1994 that were aimed at transforming and redressing the inequalities that had been shaped by the apartheid regime. Furthermore, the study investigated the phenomenon of female oppression on multiple levels by studying connotations associated with gender, race and women’s status in society (Three variables: oppression as a female, oppression as a black female and oppression as a worker formed the basis of the investigation). In this presentation we contract women’s experiences in the workplace against legislation and gender machinery put in place towards equality, equity and overall transformation.
Aims: The primary aims of the current study were to explore the experiences of women in the workplace and to explore gender based oppression by recording the experiences of Black working women.
Methods: A qualitative methodological framework was employed to select study participants. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 8 women working at a fast food outlet formed part of the study sample. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse data. The study was conducted according to the ethical guidelines of the Research Ethics Committee of the HSRC.
Results: In light of the policies that have been drafted, the study sought to explore transformation and the levels on which it has occurred. Most importantly however, is the impact of these policies on the very people for whom they were designed, and the experiences provided.
Conclusion: Consequently, this review provides an analysis of the status and progress of legislation.
SESSION V Venue: Acacia 3 Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Policy instruments and delivery mechanisms Chair: Dr Hester du Plessis (RIA)
85. Government policies in relation to quality of education in six SADC countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). Authors: Ms Anna Xoyane and Prof. Phindile Lukhele‐Olorunju (AISA)
Background: The study is based on the book ”Triumphs and Prosperity of Education in Africa”. It reports on the successes Africa has made at all levels of the education system dwelling mainly on the two Decade goals set by the African Union
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Ministers of Education. The deadline for the goals is 2015.
Methods: The paper will look at available government policies that have enabled or worked against improving quality of education at the different education systems. It will be desk research and analysis of documents from departments of education and some of the Chapters in the above mentioned book. The idea is to check if policies exist in the countries, are they being implemented and how have they affected the quality of education in these countries.
86. Public spaces as incubators for change in Cape Town? Untamed urban practices in a contested city. Authors: Ms Diana Sanchez Betancourt and Ms Elmé Vivier (DGSD)
Background: Public urban spaces are key geographical and social areas. Places like plazas, streets, parks, common land and transport hubs are vital spaces where individuals and communities have the possibility to interact as equal citizens in a democratic society and where individual and collective voices gain force. An observation of the local dynamics around the use and appropriation of urban public spaces by different actors in a fragmented city like Cape Town provides insights into current processes of urban contestation.
What are the contestations taking place in public spaces in Cape Town? Are public spaces being shaped and used in alternative ways? Can public spaces be incubators for positive social changes and strengthen processes of sustainable urbanisation? If so, how?
In this paper I will look at the ways in which different citizens and communities are experiencing and challenging the use of public spaces in Cape Town and the significance of these dynamics to foster more sustainable processes of urbanisation.
Methods: Using literature, ethnographic research and discourse analysis I will explore recent dynamics in public spaces by different urban communities focusing on untamed urban practices such as citizen driven initiatives to transform the use of streets or grassroots mobilisation to stage service delivery protests in townships.
87. Universities and innovation for inclusive development: preliminary evidence from South African case studies. Authors: Dr Glenda Kruss, Mr Michael Gastrow, Mr Bongani Nyoka (ESD)
Background: While technological and economic development have benefitted a minority of the global population, the majority remain in economically fragile and technologically excluded positions (Castells, 1998), where their economic activity remains small‐scale, informal, and largely outside the knowledge flows generated by higher education institutions. The UNIID research agenda concerns itself with innovation in such settings, with a focus on how universities play a role in innovation for inclusive development, and how this role might be further strengthened. In particular, the intellectual goal of the UNIID project is to consider how to deepen and extend universities’ roles in collaborative and participatory innovation networks that include partners from marginalised communities in informal settings.
Methods: Cases were identified based on a process to map patterns of interaction at universities representing the four main institutional types in South Africa. The research question investigated in each case is to illuminate: What facilitates and/or constrains interactions between universities and marginalised communities that promote innovation to enable livelihoods in informal settings and support inclusive development?
Interviews were conducted with the main university partners, the main community based organisation partners and the main beneficiaries of the interaction; as well as background research on the main actors and sector or field. The data was analysed using a template and a detailed report written for each of four cases.
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Results: The paper will compare the four cases to draw out trends and insights to inform how innovation for inclusive development can be promoted.
SESSION W Venue: Candlewood Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Global health and inequality Chair: Dr Khangelani Zuma (RDMC unit)
88. The VUKA Family Programme: Implementation challenges and pragmatic concerns of a family‐based psychosocial intervention to promote health and mental health among HIV+ early adolescents in health facilities in KwaZulu‐ Natal. Authors: Prof. Arvin Bhana, Ms Santhana Gengiah, Ms Sphindile Machanyangwa on behalf of the VUKA Study team. (HSD)
Background: An increasing number of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV+) in South Africa (SA) are on ARVs and have to confront complex issues related to coping with a stigmatizing and transmittable illness. Few evidence‐based mental health and health promotion programs for this population exist in SA. VUKA is an intervention designed to promote the wellbeing of PHIV+ youth and their families. This paper shares the results of the pilot study to test the acceptability and feasibility of VUKA and highlights pragmatic models of implementation and implementation challenges related to embedding and integrating a psychosocial intervention in ART clinics.
Methods: A pilot RCT of 56 adolescents and their caregivers was conducted in 2009 to examine the acceptability and feasibility of VUKA. Families were randomly assigned to receive: 1) VUKA or 2) standard of care (SOC) counseling. The pilot was conducted at 2 clinical sites in KZN.The intervention was administered in 6 sessions over 3 months.
Results: N=33 families were randomized to VUKA and 32 to SOC. 94% of participants in VUKA attended at least 5 of the 6 sessions. Despite a small sample size, comparison of the 2 groups demonstrated that VUKA participants improved on mental health, youth behaviour, HIV treatment knowledge, stigma, communication and ARV adherence.
Conclusions: VUKA shows promise as a family‐based mental and HIV prevention program for PHIV+ adolescents which could be delivered by trained lay staff. Little is known about how the intervention interacts with the recipients to influence programme adoption, implementation maintenance, reach and effectiveness. A large scale RCT is currently underway to elucidate multilevel factors that promote implementation and sustainability of the VUKA intervention.
89. The association between gender roles and risky sexual behaviour among adolescents in a township in Cape Town. Author: Ms Nolusindiso Ncitakalo (HAST)
Given the high levels of HIV among young people, as well as those of adolescent pregnancy, risky sexual behaviour becomes a major concern among South African youth. Such behaviour, particularly among adolescents, puts women at risk of unintended/ unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. South Africa is one of the countries that experience the highest levels of HIV infection among young people, with women disproportionately affected. It is therefore essential to understand the impact of gender inequality when studying risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and young women. A qualitative research design was chosen for this study. This method was designed to provide empirical findings in which the phenomenon under investigation was linked to the social context in which it occurs. Semi‐ structured interviews were used for data collection with first time adolescent mothers and a non‐probability sampling was used for selecting the participants. The aim of conducting individual interviews was to get a richness or depth of the data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Data was analysed according to themes that emerged. Each extract was
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presented separately and elaborated connections and contrasts between them, in relation to the themes in the study. Findings from this study suggest that female adolescents are faced with gender inequality difficulties in their sexual relationships due to domination of males. Cultural beliefs and/or cultural norms were found to have an influence on how females were expected to submit to their male counterparts. Such patriarchal characters therefore endorsed issues such as gender disparities, which made female adolescents vulnerable. For example, findings reveal that female adolescents were unable to negotiate condom use with their male counterparts and that put them at risk for both HIV infection and unintended pregnancy. There is need for intervention programmes that focus on empowering young women and adolescents. These interventions need to eradicate the cultural beliefs that encourage men to control women. Adolescents need educational programs that will enrich their knowledge on prevention of both HIV/AIDS and unplanned pregnancy. Such programs should emphasize women empowerment and awareness of their human rights.
SESSION X Venue: Varna (Petit Centre) Time: 10:30 – 12:00 Theme: Cultural dominance and horizontal inequality Chair: Mr Fabian Arends (ESD)
90. Examining the factors characteristic of risky sexual behaviour in a high‐risk sexual group. Authors: Ms Zandile Masango, Dr Lucia Knight and Prof. Heidi van Rooyen (HAST)
Background: Project Accept is a community‐randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of community‐based voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) delivered at the community level. A key goal of the intervention is to get large proportions of the sexually active population to test for HIV. This paper focuses on the individual level sexual risk behaviours and socio‐demographic factors of participants in one of the Southern African sites – rural Vulindlela in KwaZulu‐Natal. The aim is to assess whether socio‐economic status, age, gender and number and type of sexual partners has an impact on consistent (or inconsistent) condom use.
Methods: The Project Accept baseline survey conducted in 2005 in Vulindlela assessed demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours from a representative sample of community members. The sample consisted of 2596 participants, aged between 18 and 32 years living in 8 communities in Vulindlela. Using a multiple regression model, socio‐demographic factors and sexual behaviours associated with risky sexual behaviours were examined.
Results: Eighty six percent of the participants had one sexual partner in the previous 6 months, however only 34% reported consistent condom‐use. Fourteen percent of the participants had more than one partner and were not using condoms consistently.
Condom usage differed according to the number and type of partner. For the first or most recent partner, 20.8% of the participants reported having never used a condom for the past 30 days that they had sex. For the subsequent partners 79.2% reported their condom usage as either rarely, sometimes, frequently or always. As the number of sexual partners increased, participants reported having used condoms at least once during their sexual encounters.
Condom use decreased as age increased. Among older females (29‐32 years) 29.2% used condoms consistently compared to the 34.5% among females aged 24 to 28 and 31.1% among those aged 18 to 23. Similarly, among older males (those aged 29‐ 32 years) consistent condom use was 33% compared to 29.5% among those aged 24 to 28 and those 47.5% for those aged 18 to 23.
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The percentage of participants who reported having never used condoms during sexual intercourse was higher amongst females (47% compared to 35% of males). There was no significant relationship between gender and frequency of condom usage during the previous 6 months.
Condom usage was also affected by the different relationships with the partners. For participants with one partner in the past 6 months, 21% who were with their boyfriend/girlfriend had never used condoms.
Number of sexual partners in the past 6 months and socio‐economic status (SES) jointly contributed to frequency of condom usage. Number of sexual partners alone seemed to be significant in all categories of condom usage. The SES was not significant, except the low SES which was only significant when condoms were “never used”. This suggests that participants with low economic status tend to be in the high risk group.
Conclusions: Younger people tend to use condoms more consistently compared to older persons. There is no significant relationship between gender and condom use. The number of partners and the type of relationship influence condom use. Based on the findings of this study it is concluded that low socio‐economic status and number of sex partners increased the level of risk as measured by lack of consistence in condom use. In developing HIV prevention strategies, it is important to note and focus on measures that address specific age groups, people of different SES and relationship types.
91. Masihambisane, lessons learnt using participatory indigenous knowledge research approaches in a school‐based collaborative project of the Eastern Cape. Authors: Prof. Thenjiwe Meyiwa, Ms Tebello Letsekha & Ms Lisa Wiebesiek (HAST)
Background: Masihambisane is an Nguni word, loosely meaning “let us walk the path together”. The symbolic act of walking together is conceptually at the heart of an NRF‐funded2 research project conducted in rural schools of Cofimvaba in the Eastern Cape.
Methods: In this paper we make explicit our learning, and the manner in which we carried out the collaborated research activities, using participatory indigenous research methodologies, in particular, the Reflect process.
Results: The project aims to advance direct participation of teachers in planning, researching and developing learning and teaching materials (LTSMs), with a view to aligning these materials with indigenous and local knowledge.
Conclusions: There is benefit in creating contextual knowledge and materials; by consciously involving, listening and acting upon the voices of the people who will use such materials, e.g. teachers. Participatory research methodologies with a focus on indigenous knowledge systems and Reflect principles have proven instrumental in ensuring ownership of the materials and maximize sustainability of interventions.
92. Regenerating lost literacy and language development in remote rural school – an evaluation. Authors: Dr Cas Prinsloo and Ms Shawn Rogers (ESD)
Towards the end of 2011 HSRC secured a three‐year evaluation grant from USAID, Elma Foundation and JP Morgan as part of a broader intervention grant won by siyaJabula siyaKhula, a non‐profit organisation. The intervention entailed a community‐ based language support and regeneration programme aimed at learners in primary schools.
The intervention and evaluation was designed in such a way that information would be gained on the success of the programme itself, but also the means and dynamics for scaling it up to the whole education system.
2 This paper is drawn from a three-year (2012-2014) research project sponsored by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF).
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The issue of concern was how to empower children, parents, teachers, schools and circuits in very poor and remote communities towards eradicating the debilitating effect of poor literacy and language development resulting in primary schools, especially as it relates to English that becomes the official medium of instruction midway through primary school.
Contracting and the development of work plans took up the first semester of 2012, and ramping‐up the infrastructure of the study the second semester.
Methods: The service delivery by the non‐profit organisation focuses on a teacher‐ and parent‐based learner intervention in foundational language concepts and knowledge. The evaluation of the impact or success of the programme is designed as a typical control study. It is not randomised in the usual sense, because a complete sub‐circuit and its 12 schools, overlapping with the jurisdiction of the local tribal authority, comprise the project group, and a group of four matched schools from an adjacent area the control group. Baseline data on learner language achievement and school, classroom and home conditions related to language support for both the project and control groups were collected before the programme started at the beginning of 2013.
Intervention data and learner achievement results are collected at the end of every semester up to Jun 2015. The improvement of learners in project schools will in each case be compared against the counter‐factual situation applicable to learners from control schools, enabling ascribing any differences to the intervention.
The intervention and evaluation is phased in for three years in such a way that every new cohort of Grade 1, 4 and 7 learners are started with every year, while pursuing the programme with any previously engaged grade groups. After three years, all teachers and learners from each school would have benefitted at least for one year. New project and control schools are added in the second and third years to enable studying the dynamics of scaling up.
Results: Given that the study started very recently and only finishes by July 2015, no firm results are available yet. However, a work‐in‐progress review is intended for the presentation. Some preliminary observations will be shared about lessons learnt so far about setting up such a study and its evaluation. Should provisional findings about effects after Semester 1 be available at the time of the Conference, these will be reflected on too.
Conclusions: Community‐based, parent‐supported systemic intervention aimed at ensuring that foundational gaps in learners’ literacy and language knowledge is identified and plugged early, is assumed to be the solution not only for early‐ grade low achievement, but also subsequent poor achievement trajectories in other subjects and in high school, and later.
93. Exploring gender inequalities in the Muslim household. Author: Ms Safiyya Goga (HSD)
Background: The dominant image of the Muslim woman in international literature and the popular press has been of the ‘oppressed’ woman, and scholars such as Saba Mahmood have worked hard to show that ‘pious’ Muslim women who choose to adhere to societal norms and structures are not forfeiting their agency through these choices; that the exercise of agency does not necessitate a stance of resistance (Mahmood 2005). Mahmood’s work has received significant attention, and also harsh criticism (see for instance Gourgouris 2008), but raises important questions about the relationship between women’s agency and resistance, which need to be explored in more deepened empirical ways (Bangstad 2011). In the South African context, where the image of the ‘oppressed Muslim woman’ is arguably less powerful or striking than in ‘Western’ countries, the intersection of Muslim religiosities and gendered subjectivity raises the question: How do Muslim women in the South African context experience their roles, and subjectivities within the household? The veiled woman for instance, in the writings of scholars such as Goolam Vahed is symbolic of a “manifestation of piety” that is particularly prevalent among the
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“affluent classes” (2000b: 50), thus suggesting religiosity as a sign of privilege and social status rather than ‘oppression’, at least among particular social classes. This paper proposes a careful consideration of the literature on gendered inequalities within the Muslim household in terms of women’s voice, role and subjectivity. There has been significant work done in recent years on gender inequalities in the Muslim household, for instance by Hoel on divorce initiatives among Muslim women in Cape Town (Hoel 2011) and Shaik (2007) on marital violence and resistance in a Muslim community. Does the literature point decisively towards domestic inequality in the Muslim household? What kinds of research interventions in the field are necessitated through a study of the relevant literature? Where does this literature point us to in order to engage in research exploring the self‐fashioning of Muslim women under particular conditions of domesticity and the religious shapings of household spaces? How, for instance, can the consumption practices of Muslim women in order to fashion moral selves be understood in terms of the kinds of domestic inequalities experienced in middle class households?
12:00 – 13:00 94. Lunch Venue (TBA)
SESSION Y Venue: Silverleaf Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Economics growth paths and employment creation Chair: Dr Leanne Seeliger (EPD)
95. Middle class consumption and its meanings: a case study of black civil servants in Pretoria. Author: Ms Amanda Mtshengu (HSD)
The study examines the subjectivities around consumption and patterns of consumption among a selection of black civil servants in Pretoria. The study also investigated some of the following subsidiary questions: (1) how and why do people attach meaning to money and the way they spend it? (2) To what extent is consumption used to construct social identity and is seen as a symbol of upward mobility? (3) To what extent are the consumption practices of the black middle class culturally engraved or calculated practices? Also forming part of the study’s concerns was how people construct their own identities, particularly looking at respondent’s previous class location and how they choose to locate themselves in the status quo. The central question in the study was investigated by a fusion of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. The study found that: (a) many of the respondents come from a different class background compared to their current class position. In addition those individuals are likely to have a standing financial obligation towards their extended family and this forms a significant part of their consumption patterns; b) The participants are aware of universally accepted ways of spending money such as budgeting and investments however at times factors such as family responsibility and unplanned debt is often the cause of budget deviation, which is central in how people spend money and attach meaning to spending money c) The study also found that there are structures that influence the respondents consumption, which is predominantly the departments in which the respondents work and the culture of the respective departments often dictate how the individuals should dress and overall present themselves at the work place.
96. Socio‐Economic inequality and HIV. Authors: Dr Njeri Wabiri (HAST), Negussie Taffa, and Dr Khangelani. Zuma (RDMC)
Background: The study examines link between socio‐economic inequalities and HIV/AIDS outcomes: HIV prevalence, access to information, level of stigma, perceived HIV risk and sexual behaviour, in South Africa
Methods: A socio‐economic index (SEI) was constructed at household level using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and data on household ownership of durable assets from the 2008 South African National HIV prevalence household survey.
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Three categories of the SEI (poor, middle and upper (not‐so‐poor)) were created as the quintile approach resulted in skewed distribution. Stigma and information access scores were derived using factor analysis. Chronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated the reliability and internal consistency of the scores. Logistic regression was used to explore the odds of HIV risk perception and testing across the different SEI groups.
Results: Of the 14,384 adults aged 15‐64 years in the 10,588 households, 40.1% belonged to poor SEI group, 42.5% to the middle and 17.4% to the upper SEI. More women (57.5%) than men (42.3%) were in the poor SEI [P<0.001]. HIV prevalence was highest among the poor (20.8%), followed by 15.9% in the middle and 4.6% in the upper SEI [P<0.001]. Individuals in upper SEI reported significantly higher rate of HIV testing (59.3%) compared to the poor (47.7%), whose personal HIV risk perception was 4‐fold higher. The risk perception significantly declined as one moved up in the socio‐economic ladder. Only 20.6% of the poor had “good access to HIV/AIDS information” compared to 80% in the upper SEI. The poor had significantly high stigmatizing attitude towards HIV/AIDS compared to those in the upper SEI. HIV prevalence was highest among women (19.7%) compared to men (11.4%); among black Africans (20.2%) compared to other races [P<0.001].
Conclusions: The study findings underline the disproportionate distribution of HIV disease burden and its fear among the poor in South Africa which is strongly linked to inadequate access to HIV information and HIV/AIDS services such as testing. This is despite the high HIV risk perception among the poor and vulnerable.
97. An exploratory study of food retail, purchasing and consumption in Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. Authors: Mr Charl van der Merwe (AISA)
Background: Urban population growth provides new and changing sets of developmental challenges. One of these developmental challenges that in particular seem to be on the rise is urban food insecurity. Crush and Frayne (2010:6) argue that food insecurity in urban areas is one the emerging development issues of this century.3 Their main argument is that because of an apparent rural bias towards food security concerns in international, regional and national policy agendas the plight of urban poor, including their vulnerability to food insecurity, is left unattended and thus under researched. This study therefore sought to investigate this rising food insecurity in urban areas of South Africa by assessing food retail, purchasing patterns and consumption in three urban centres.
Methods: This study was an exploratory study that made use of quantitative methods of data collection. The empirical data was collected through the use of a standard questionnaire containing twenty seven questions that were closed‐ended, with the exception of two out of the twenty seven questions that were open‐ended. As such, the interviews were predominantly structured. A total of 154 respondents were interviewed across the three cities. These respondents were selected randomly making use of intercept interviews.
Results: The data presented in this article suggest that certain aspects of the broader food systems of South African cities need attention and can possibly be considered to be unsustainable. Geographical access to food seems to be unsustainable in some cases. Income and the availability of cash needs to be continuously highlighted and addressed, especially in South Africa where about quarter of the population is still unemployed and given the fact that in an urban setting one of the key ways in which to acquire food is through food purchases. Literature concludes that urban food production is still being recognised as a very important strategy for the urban poor of ensuring household food security.4 The result of this study however shows that a very small percentage of people participate in urban agriculture. Diversification of food sources for the urban poor therefore remains a challenge that needs further investigation hence it would be advantageous to engage in
3 Crush, J & Frayne, B. 2010. The Invisible Crisis: Urban Food Security in Southern Africa. African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) Urban Food Security Series Number 1. Cape Town: Unity Press. 4 Rogerson, C. 1992. Feeding Africa’s Cities: The Role and Potential for Urban Agriculture. Africa Insight, Volume 22, pp. 229 – 234; Crush, J., Hovorka, A. & Tevera, D. 2010. Urban Food Production and Household Food Security in Southern African Cities. African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) Urban Food Security Series Number 4. Cape Town: Unity Press.
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discussions and research about new alternative sources of food and networks of food provision for the urban poor who currently mainly rely on social security assistance from the South African government.
Conclusions: The world is clearly in a period of transition to more urbanised societies and estimations are that urbanisation will only continue to increase. In order for such a transition to not negatively influence the livelihoods of people, government, the academic and research community and civil society need to engage critically and holistically with how to manage this transition so that it can enable the creation of sustainable livelihoods. All citizens in a city must be able to access food in a way that it can be just, equal and mutually beneficial to all households, especially poorer households.
SESSION I Venue: Acacia 1 Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Social fragmentation: narratives and performances Chair: Prof. Vasu Reddy (HSD)
98. Understanding barriers to safe sex for people in long term relationships in the rural Amatole Basin. Authors: Mr Msweli Sakhile (HAST) & Dr Mary van der Riet (UKZN)
Background: Despite a growth in awareness of the HIV epidemic and preventative measures people continue to get infected. People in stable relationships are at a greater risk of infection because they tend to use condoms less as they become more committed to one another. Long‐term stable relationships are characterised by trust, intimacy, and commitment and these issues can result in a tendency to worry less about condom use and safe sex. This paper seeks to the understand the barriers to safe sex for people in long‐term stable relationships living in a rural South African area.
Methods: A qualitative research design was adopted for this study. This study sampled 12 female participants and 12 male participants aged between 18 and 60 years. All participants self‐identified as being in long‐term stable relationships.
Another 24 participants, 12 females and 12 males aged between 18 and 60, were sampled for focus group discussions. All participants were self‐identified as being in long term relationships. Thematic content analysis was performed on all the data, using a sex script theoretical framework as well as a discursive approach as a complementary tool for analysis.
Results: People in long‐term relationships view themselves as being at risk of HIV‐infection due to partner infidelity. Participants did not know of any other safe sex practices except condom use. Barriers to safe sex presented themselves in the ways in which people spoke about their sex lives. Three discourses that mediated condom use for people in long term relationships were identified: the trust discourse; the commitment discourse; and gendered sexual norms discourse.
The trust and commitment discourses allowed for the creation of a number of sexual scripts or norms that people used to justify not using condoms in their relationships. These scripts included their knowledge about their partner’s HIV status; the duration of their relationship and the fear of breaking trust. These scripts all mediated condom use for people in these relationships.
The gendered sexual norms discourse mediated condom use by allowing for the creation of sexual script geared towards gender roles and expectations. These scripts included acceptance of male infidelity; the dislike of condoms; and the good girl image verses the bad girl image. All these scripts presented themselves as mediators and barriers to safe sex by legitimising the irrational sexual decisions that people made around safe sex hence increasing risky behaviours.
Conclusions: People in long term relationships are at a risk of HIV infection due to a number of barriers to safe sex. The barriers to safe sex are socially constructed and influenced by dominant discourses. These discourses help people to make
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sense of their heterosexuality and they give rise to sexual scripts which function at a socio‐cultural, and interpersonal level to inform and direct roles played by people in their sexual activities. These scripts help legitimize people’s sexual actions and help them rationalize what might be considered irrational actions or risk behaviours. Interventions seeking to promote sexual safety in long term relationships will have to take into consideration the complexities and diverse nature of these relationships.
99. Negotiating manhood among ‘coloured’ men in the Western Cape. Authors: Mrs Jacqueline Mthembu (HAST)
Background: It is increasingly recognized that the enactment of manhood endangers men and those around them. Participants of this study were men who reside in two low‐income Western Cape communities. The purpose of this study was two‐fold. Firstly, to determine the relationship between conformity to traditional masculinity, gender role stress and risk‐ taking behaviours among men, secondly, in a focus group setting men were asked to define and explore subjective meaning of masculinities.
Methods: The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Three hundred male participants completed a 17 page questionnaire examining conformity to hegemonic masculinity norms and who this influence risk behaviours. Fourteen focus group discussions elicited deeper meanings of masculinities.
Results: It was found that high conformity to masculinity norms was associated with hostile sexism towards women. This was explored in the focus groups and showed that men who were unemployed we more likely to show hostility toward women.
Conclusions: Men are expected to perform masculinities that are taught or accepted within their communities, the failure to achieve these masculine ideals may evoke ‘negative’ masculine performances that may be ‘normalized’ as alternative masculine performances in this context which may add additional marginalization.
100. The role of housing associations in the provision of adequate housing in South Africa: The case of the Housing Association of Blaauwberg (HAB). Author: Dr Catherine Ndinda (PHHSI)
When the HAB was established its core mandate was to develop low‐income rental accommodation in Blaauwberg municipality which later became incorporated into the City of Cape Town (City of Town, 2010). In 2000 the HAB developed 676 social housing units in Atlantis Extension 12 out of the possible 1300 units that were planned for the area (City of Town, 2010). The HAB in terms of South African Housing is part of what is classified as social housing.
Through a household survey targeting the 676 households at the HAB and 21 key informants this study collected data on the provision of adequate housing at Extension 12 Atlantis. The findings suggest that out of the targeted 676 households 618 participated in the study. The disaggregated results indicate that the majority were Coloured (99 per cent or 612), while 3 out of the 618 were Africans and only 1 was an Indian / Asian respondent (Table 9). More females (63.4 per cent / 392) than males (36.6% / 226) participated in the survey. More than half (54.9 per cent / 339) of the respondents were married compared to 44.2 per cent or 273 that were single.
About, 99.0 per cent of the respondents indicated that they have access to a housing unit that contain kitchen facilities, 97.6 per cent have a bathroom or shower and 99.8 per cent have a toilet (Figure 5 ). Majority of the tenants ( 87.1 per cent/538) respondents agreed that their kitchen (oven, stove, etc.) was in a good working condition, while 12.9 (80) per cent indicated that it is not in a good working condition (Table 13). A large proportion of respondents reported that their bathroom / shower (23.5 per cent or 145 respondents) was not in a good working condition and about 20.4 per cent or 125 respondents indicated that toilets are not in a good working condition. About 70.6 per cent (436) of the respondents reported that they had done repairs to
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their units since they moved in and 28.6 per cent (177) had not done no repairs. There are 436 units (71.13%) that have been repaired by residents themselves. Most households (50.97%) found it very difficult to pay for those repairs (Table 27). A larger proportion of respondents was dissatisfied (12.5 per cent / 77) or very dissatisfied (62.1 per cent / 384) with their accommodation and local area. The most important challenges facing the people of Extension 12 were identified as: • fear of being burgled (58.1 per cent / 359), • drug dealing (53.9 per cent / 333), • Level of crime (49.7 per cent / 307) in general. People feel safer during the day than at night in the community of Extension 12.
A comparative analysis of Swartland and HAB data was considered useful as the two areas are historically the same in terms of demographic and socio‐economic profile. The Swartland Local Municipality is one of the five local municipalities that make up the West Coast Municipality. From the audit survey a mere 34 % of the tenants earn more than R3 000. This implies that the tenants can afford to pay rent in the HAB quite comfortably. In terms of the social housing policy the target market for social housing are individuals earning between R1 500 to R7 500. The findings of this study point to high levels of unemployment and low levels of income. The majority earn less than R5 000. In analysing the current status of the HAB and the affordability levels, it is evident that whether tenants are able to resume rent payment or not, there is generally an unwillingness to resume payment and this has been partly explained in terms of the culture of non‐payment and partly by allegations of corruption and mismanagement by the HAB. In such a situation both legal and political solutions are required. The contribution of this paper lies in unravelling the tenant dynamics in social housing in South Africa.
SESSION II Venue: Acacia 2 Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Provision and financing of social protection Chair: Prof. Dan Ncayiyana (HSD)
101. Agrarian reform and rural poverty reduction: Insights from new South African evidence. Authors: Dr Peter Jacobs, Mr Tim Hart, Dr Charles Nemachena, Ms Shirin Motala (EPD)
Panel session as follows: • Land acquisition and ownership – Mr Tim Hart; • Agricultural development support – Dr Peter Jacobs; • Rural livelihoods – Ms Shirin Motala; • Institutional dynamics – Dr Charles Nemachena
Background: Agrarian Reform remains popular in developing countries in the 21st century despite agricultures shrinking contribution to economic growth and the acceleration of rural to urban migration. In post‐apartheid South Africa, land and agrarian reform is a priority on government’s agenda and the 2009‐2014 administration has elevated this as a key component of its rural development strategy. This is unsurprising in the context of deep rural poverty and extremely unequal distribution of agricultural resources. Unresolved questions exist about the relationship between agrarian policy reforms (sometimes equated with land redistribution) and rural poverty reduction. Whatever benefits accrue to the rural poor as a result of agrarian restructuring depends on the content and scope of agrarian policies and the ways in which these are implemented. Available evidence suggests that land reform has underperformed in terms of its own stated goals.
In 2012 a team of researchers from EPD undertook a study to assess the impact of land and agrarian reform interventions on rural poverty reduction in order to identify lessons about the design of pro‐poor agrarian policies and to explore strategies required to enhance agrarian reforms contribution to improving livelihoods in such a manner that poverty is reduced.
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Methods: This study combined the strengths of purpose‐built household surveys, focus groups and key informant interviews to collect information from land reform beneficiaries (with and without programmed agricultural development support) and other role players. Sampling followed a four stage stratified design to select farm households: provincial selection (limited recent research on land reform); district selection (concentrated distribution of land reform), project selection (land reform projects with and without programmed state‐funded agricultural support) and random selection of beneficiary farm‐ households in projects. The farm‐household questionnaire was designed to quantify the poverty or livelihoods impacts of agrarian reforms through several pathways and was the main tool to collect primary data in two districts in each of three provinces namely KZN, NW and WC. To allow for district level comparative analysis, with robust small‐sample statistical properties the lower‐bound of targeted sample was fixed at 75 farm households (100 upper‐bound).
Results: This study was designed to offer a snapshot of the livelihoods impacts of post‐apartheid agrarian interventions. Findings were made in respect of land ownership, agricultural development support, rural livelihoods, and institutional dynamics/arrangements.
In respect of land acquisition and ownership restored or redistributed land appears, at least in theory, also hold out the promises of access to future livelihoods. Despite the lack of economic development or improved livelihoods, many participants felt that they had at least benefitted by acquiring land that they exercised control over or had part ownership of. This meant that they had acquired another asset which they could use as they pleased – livestock grazing or small‐scale crop production ‐ and could also pass on their rights to this asset to their children. Others of course were less positive – perhaps more realistic – and felt that the land reform process needed a complete overhaul whereby subdivision took place and land was distributed according to one’s needs.
In respect of rural livelihoods the study found low levels of job creation and income generation from on farm activities of land reform beneficiary households. The study also found evidence of a well‐known phenomenon of poorer household’s share of household expenditure on food being larger. Overall the study found that agrarian reform interventions have not been largely redistributive or contributed significantly to reducing poverty and inequality and to transforming the livelihoods of land reform beneficiaries, particularly those in the Western Cape and KwaZulu‐Natal.
In respect of agricultural development support the study found that roughly less than half of (41.6%) of all sampled farm households‐ a headcount of 119‐ indicated that they had benefited from some form of programmed agricultural support from the state. The relatively higher response rates for those who produced food for own consumption suggests that household food security considerations dominate the motivation of land reform farmers. Farmers without state‐funded agricultural support used their produce either as the main or extra source of the household’s food supply whereas those with support do so as a main or extra income source.
In respect of institutional dynamics/arrangements the study found that agrarian reform’s institutional arrangements in post‐ apartheid South Africa have been characterised by fragmentation of service delivery within the three tiers of government. Criticism has been levelled against lack of clear institutional roles and responsibilities of the various departments. Agricultural support programmes, implemented by provincial departments of agriculture, appeared to suffer from under‐funding, poorly planning and generalised inefficaciousness.
Conclusions: The evidence underscores two overarching findings with major implications for the future of government’s agrarian reform project. Firstly, this study found a strong positive correlation between post‐apartheid agrarian interventions and increasing polarisation among land reform beneficiaries across six rural districts. A smaller number of individual black farmers gain ownership of land and enjoy access to government financed support for on‐farm production and participation in agricultural value chains beyond the farm gate. Secondly, the voices and decision making powers of ‘land reform beneficiaries’ rarely feature in either the development or implementation of agrarian policies. There is no evidence of bottom‐up direct participation and broad‐based empowerment usually expressed in policy statements.
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102. Agricultural education in South African schools: Apartheid anachronism or developmental opportunity? Authors: Dr Andrew Paterson and Mr Fabian Arends (ESD)
Background: One in five learners writes Agricultural Science in the South African Senior Certificate Grade 12 school leaving examination.
Methods: Spatial analysis – mapping using GIS technology and schools location data together with regions based on apartheid
Results: What is striking is that the majority of schools where Agricultural Science is currently offered as a subject are located on land that was formerly designated as homeland territory under apartheid. Overall, 91% of South African secondary schools that offer Agricultural Science as a subject were designated as schools for black learners during apartheid.
Conclusions: This means that the distribution of opportunity to enrol for Agricultural Science in Grade 12 is still biased towards agricultural curricula for black learners long after the dissolution of apartheid. Agricultural Science can be seen as a forced choice for students in the areas identified. The consequences of this ‘choice’ can affect student’s options for post‐ school study. These and other implications are considered.
SESSION III Venue: Acacia 3 Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Human capital development and structural change Chair: Dr Nosisi Feza‐Piyose (ESD)
103. Dropping in, stopping out, and staying: South African higher education student outcomes, 2006‐2010. Author: Mr Michael Cosser (Capacity Enhancement Unit)
This paper tracks a cohort of students into and through the South African public higher education system over a five‐year period (2006‐2010) to ascertain the nature and number of pathways pursued and the success rates of the students who followed them. Using student record data from the Department of Higher Education and Training’s Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS) that could be linked, via national identity numbers, to participants in the Human Sciences Research Council’s Grade 12 Learner Aspiration Survey of 2005, the paper demonstrates, through the establishment of a typology of student pathways and the analysis of the types within it, the timing of student enrolment and the extent of student drop‐out, stop‐out, and completion in the period under investigation.
104. Analysis of Trends in South African Mathematics and Science Survey (TIMSS): The home and the school ‐ strong factors in mathematics performance of South African learners. Authors: Ms Mariette Visser, Ms Andrea Juan and Dr Nosisi Feza (ESD)
Background: The creation of a conducive learning environment is vitally important in the academic achievement of learners (Teachman, 1987). This environment extends beyond the classroom and school environment to include the home environment. It is from these environments that learner draw resources, both tangible and intangible, that impact on each learners educational experience. Mathematics performance of South African learners in Trends in Mathematics and Science Studies has been found to be influenced by many factors. Research reveals that learning mathematics in a foreign language and class size are significant factors that were observed in the 1999 TIMSS data. Since then, there have been significant policy changes in the education system, such as implementation of the Revised National Curriculum Statement in 2002. In the undertaking to improve mathematical performance South Africa needs to determine the current influential factors and their
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strength levels in influencing learner performance. This paper therefore aims to investigate contributing school factors and home factors to the mathematics performance of South African learners.
Methods: A statistical analysis of TIMSS 2011 data was conducted to achieve this paper’s aim. We used regression analysis performed with IDB Analyzer software with the aim of observing the strengths these factors have in contributing to mathematics learner performance, as to inform policy, interventions and practice.
Results: Preliminary results: • The presence of electricity and water supply to learners’ homes increased since 2002. The percentage of learners with electricity at home increased with 6%, while the percentage increase in the number of learners with running tap water at home increased with 7%. • The presence of electronic devices such as televisions, video players, computers and CD players in learners’ homes increased since 2002. • The percentage of learners with an own room, access to a motor car in the household and a fridge at home also increased since 2002. • The data shows that the percentage of learners with resources such as a study desk, dictionary, own bicycle and a telephone (landline) have decreased since 2002. • The frequency of speaking the language of the test at home had a high impact on the learners’ performance. • Only 5% of South African learners were not affected by resource shortages at school, 85% somewhat and 10% highly affected. • Learners in South African schools are greatly suffering physically and emotionally from bullying at schools. A third (33%) of the learners were exposed to bullying on a weekly basis, while three in every four learners (75%) in South African schools experienced bullying on a monthly or weekly basis.
Conclusions: According to the preliminary results it is indicated that although South Africa’s average household income increased nominally by 113% in 2011 compared to the last census in 2001, a comparison of available selected educational resources in 2002 and 2011 in learners’ homes did not show remarkable changes. Empirical evidence depicts considerable resource limitations and shortages at most of South African learners’ homes and their school environments compared to international standards. This in turn had a severely negative effect on learner performance. Order, safety and discipline problems in our schools and classrooms further impede effective teaching and learning in the school environment. We are furthermore hoping to bring in‐depth results with our regression analysis.
105. Inappropriate municipal workers’ job behaviour and performance at the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Author: Mr Thembinkosi Twalo (ESD)
It has been widely reported in the media, audit reports, parliamentary discussions, reports to parliament, municipal reports, and departmental reports that the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) has been experiencing inappropriate job behaviour and performance from its workers. Such include misappropriation of the municipal resources, fraud and corruption. This study then analysed this phenomenon in an effort to comprehend the paradoxical co‐existence of inappropriate job behaviour and performance with formal education, in light of the structural‐functionalist assumption that formal education is a solution to societal challenges. To investigate this challenge, this study used an amalgamation of four forms of capital namely human capital, social capital, cultural capital and reputation capital. It adopted a broad skills approach as it moved from the premise that labour (ability to work) is shaped by, inter alia, the four forms of capital including the various dimensions of knowledge (‘know that’, ‘know how’, ‘know why’), attitudes, ethics and values. For data collection, this study used the mixed method approach, that is, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings revealed the wisdom of shifting from a narrow conception of skills (formal education alone) to a broader one which includes attitudes, ethics, values and formal education. It also pointed out gaps in the municipal management system which enabled the inappropriate job behaviour and performance practices to perpetuate. The gaps include weak monitoring and control
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systems, compromised municipal effectiveness and efficiency due to politicisation of municipal management, and manipulation of the labour process to suit the interests of the workers such as workers who create overtime for themselves or deceitfully use leave benefits.
106. The rule of law in unequal societies. Author: Dr Vanessa Barolsky (DGSD)
This paper will examine the disjuncture between the rule of law as a concept propagated widely in the discourse of international global agencies involved in development in the global South and the empirical experience and conduct of law, justice and punishment in highly unequal and differentiated contexts. In these contexts, the exercise of the ‘rule of law’ is profoundly shaped and sometimes overturned by questions of power, in particular differentiations of power mediated by wealth, race, gender and conceptions of justice and punishment itself. The paper will draw on qualitative research conducted by the DGSD on attitudes to the criminal justice system in order to problematize the ways in which the ‘rule of law’ is experienced and enacted in contexts in the global South and to chart some new avenues for thinking the meaning of law in environments of flux, fluidity and inequality.
Agamben‐how to make law refer to life: Is the problem in the south a foundational struggle, a struggle of sovereignty, of creating a context in which law can have meaning? “the outlaw, the Friedlos, or the convict, [is] historically the symbol of the outside upon whose body and life the boundaries of the political community could be built” (Hansen & Stepputat, 2005, p. 15). i.e. about establishing political community the sovereign exists as “living law”, the embodiment of law rather than the subject of law, and homo sacer is the “bare life” captured by sovereign power (Agamben, 2005, p. 69). i.e. a different relation to law The Moleleki execution exposed the difficulties of the application of the juridical norm established by the processes of the TRC in a trial which attempted to apply this norm to a particular case. As each case “always involves a plurality of subjects” that requires the pronunciation of a sentence which institutionally guarantees law’sreference to life (Agamben, 2005, p. 40). Schmitt therefore distinguishes between two critical elements of law, namely, the norm of law and the decision on its concrete application. The one does not derive automatically from the other. This means that the norm “can be suspended, without thereby ceasing to remain in force” (Schmitt cited in Agamben, 2005, p. 36). the impossibility of applyingthe critical precepts of Western law, namely a relation of individual causality to a particular crime in the context of the exception, the context of the political, an articulation which, according to Agamben is, “founded on an essential fiction” (Agamben, 2005, p. 86) thatmaintains law in a relation to life, These analysts assumed that this state of exception was a consequence of a breakdown of juridico‐political order and the political sovereignty of the state, a lacuna in law, rather than an exposure of sovereign exception, at the boundaries of the juridico‐political order. Ironically, while the norm of law changed significantly from one period to another, both periods shared an essential contiguity in their efforts of juridico‐ political inscription, which sought to capture this violence leashed from law within the law again. The TRC sought to define the sovereignty of the new state in terms of a new norm of law, the norm of “human rights”,
SESSION IV Venue: Candlewood Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Spatial and generational dimensions Chair: Dr Zitha Mokomane (HSD)
107. Knowledge about termination of pregnancy among young people in the rural areas of the Limpopo Province. Authors: Prof. Thelmah Xavela Maluleke (PHHSI) & Dr Sylvia Vuledzani Hadzhi (UVenda)
Background: South Africa is one of the few countries that legalised abortion as a way of reducing maternal mortality rates through the enactment of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP) Act, 1996 (Act No. 92 of 1996). The introduction
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of CTOP evoked a lot of morally related debates and arguments among South Africans some of which had negative impact on the implementation and dissemination of information related to CTOP and abortion services.
Marking the end of the first decade since the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 (Act No. 92 of 1996) was enacted as law governing abortion in South Africa, a study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the rural areas of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge and attitudes of young people (aged 15 to 35 years) towards the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 and termination of pregnancy.
Methods: This was a quantitative study conducted in the rural areas of the Vhembe District. Purposive sampling was used to select the villages based on the following: Remote rural village with at least 300 households and a fixed clinic or mobile clinic visiting point. A total of 4 villages that met the criteria were selected. An estimated youth population of 5441 aged between 15 and 35 years were living in these villages. These estimates were based on the number of youth registered in the youth organisations of the participating villages. Simple random sampling was used to select a total of 544 participants (136 per village‐Females & males) who participated in the study. Data collection was through a self‐administered questionnaire.
Results: The results indicated that 79% of the participants were aware of the existence of the CTOP with the media, school and health services as the major source of the information. The majority (94%) had knowledge of the places where TOP can be performed, 4% indicated the traditional healer and another 2% had no knowledge of where TOP services are offered. Support for termination of pregnancy by choice was low (15%). However, the participants supported TOP in case of rape (68%) and medical reasons. Generally the participants were opposed to the existence of the CTOP. In their view pregnant women should never be allowed a choice to terminate their pregnancy. The decision to terminate pregnancy must be made by a doctor if the woman’s life is threatened by the pregnancy and when the pregnancy was a result of rape.
Conclusions: Generally the participants were opposed to the existence of the CTOP on the basis of moral values. In their view pregnant women should never be allowed a choice to terminate their pregnancy. The decision to terminate pregnancy must be made by a doctor if the woman’s life is threatened by the pregnancy and when the pregnancy was a result of rape.
108. Towards an understanding of the spatial aspects of social cohesion in South Africa. Authors: Ms Gina Weir‐Smith and Mr Tholang Mokhele (PHHSI)
Background: South Africa is a multi‐faceted (diverse) country in terms of race, culture and religion. The South African nation is therefore regarded in the way that people are united by a shared commitment to the principles of diversity, equality and justice. Social cohesion in relation to the place where people live has been expressed in terms of both urban and rural areas, but with more focus on urban areas. In urban areas, there are boundaries due to different levels or standards of living ‐ for example, the spatial concentration of the chronically unemployed or disadvantaged people. In rural areas, the presence of extended families plays a major role in social capital and cohesion. In general, socio‐economic factors play a critical role in social cohesion with regard to location or place where people live.
Methods: The spatial extent of socio‐economic characteristics such as poverty, unemployment, multiple deprivation, education and level of income as proxies for social cohesion using South African poverty data 2006, Community Survey 2007, and indices of multiple deprivation 2007 at municipal and provincial levels was explored. The reason for using 2006 and 2007 datasets was that these were roughly time‐compatible to the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) which was conducted in 2009. Selected questions related to social cohesion from SASAS 2009 were also analysed spatially in order to compare with the socio‐economic statistics.
Results: The findings showed that these sets of socio‐characteristics can be spatially represented and have an influence on social cohesion. Furthermore, the findings indicated that across the country a low percentage of people trust each other in general. At the same time very high percentages of racial distrust existed in three provinces, namely North West, Limpopo
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and Mpumalanga. North West also recorded the lowest level of general trust. In the North West, high levels of non‐ schooling also existed and this could be the factor which influenced the relationship between distrust and social cohesion.
Conclusion: The authors concludes that the spatial extent of social cohesion can be seen in municipalities of high multiple deprivation, high unemployment, low education and high racial distrust. It is expected that these values will differ at a sub‐ municipality level.
109. Intra‐familial sexual violence in South Africa: Disentangling gendered and sexual identities in family spaces to understand the practices of sex offenders. Author: Dr Benita Moolman (HSD)
Background: Intra‐familial sexual violence is commonly misunderstood as incest. Since incest is a taboo, it is silenced and results in the invisibility of rape within the family. Furthermore, the dominance of conventional, heteropatriarchal ideas about family results in the conflation of gendered and sexual identities that too renders sexual violence against girls, boys and women invisible, and frequently masks sexual offences committed by women. Gendered positions such as father, grandfather, mother and sister results in these men (and sometimes women) being perceived as less harmful than sex offenders who rape and sexually assault strangers.
Methods: This paper is based on ethnographic research conducted with 72 incarcerated, male sex offenders in three South African prisons in the Western Cape, Gauteng and Kwazulu‐Natal. A series of focus groups and individual interviews formed the basis of the qualitative research. Since these male sex offenders also described themselves as victims of sexual violence perpetrated by female sex offenders, examples of women as sex offenders are also discussed in this paper.
Results: My research study with incarcerated sex offenders in South Africa demonstrate that the conflation of family spaces as simultaneously gendered and sexual provides a mechanism for sex offenders to claim that their sexual offences were as a result of them acting as men in their paternal roles of father, uncle, grandfather and cousins, and in expected maternal roles of mother, aunt, grandmother and sister. It demonstrates that relationships of trust and intimacy (based on parental/familial relationships) are manipulated to sexually groom daughters(step), granddaughters, and neighbours to become compliant victims. Furthermore this research shows that women acting in maternal roles of mother and sisters also commit acts of intra‐familial sexual violence.
Conclusions: The role of sex within the family is so seldom spoken about, that it remains an ambiguous and uncertain terrain for adults and parents within families. Authority inherent in heteropatriarchal roles translate into sanctioned power to possess, intimidate, threaten and violate the bodies of girl/boy children and adult women. Consequently, it is necessary to re‐ envision the management and governance of ‘families’. Family policies that still promote ‘the preservation’ of the conventional, heteropatriarchal family can be misguided in their approach to maintain safety within families and prevent sexual violence. Rethinking ‘power’ and ‘authority’ in families, and detaching power from conventional gender and sexual identities is critical to ending and preventing intra‐familial sexual violence.
110. Chalking up some linguistic confusion. Authors: Ms Shawn Rogers and Dr Cas Prinsloo (ESD)
Background: Towards the end of 2010 the HSRC secured a three‐year NRF grant, to fund a three‐institution consortium research project on “Paradigms and practices of teaching and learning in Foundation Phase language classrooms in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces”. The rationale behind the project is that the interactions in language lessons do not equip our learners with sufficient language and literacy skills. This seriously compromises the foundational and academic skills that learners require for mastering all their learning and for achievement in subsequent schooling years across all their subjects. This research aims to produce new knowledge that will contribute towards addressing this challenge.
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Methods: The research focuses on in‐depth classroom observations using video‐footage from approximately 10 Foundation Phase (Grades 1‐3) classrooms in schools in Limpopo and Gauteng. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated and analysed. Using thematic and content analysis, the data have been analysed according to three categories from the conceptual framework that the team jointly developed: (i) level of cognitive effort learners are required to engage in, (ii) interaction management during lessons (I‐R‐F pattern = Initiation‐Response‐Feedback), and (iii) concept/knowledge attainment by learners. Semi‐structured teacher interviews have been used to supplement the classroom observation data. Exploring the best approach towards collecting and analysing the data formed part of the first phase of the study.
Results: Findings have shown that chalkboard practices, as part of broader classroom organisation and management, have interfered in quite unusual ways with teaching and learning interactions, especially linguistic and language pedagogy and didactics. This will be illustrated by using the observations made from one such lesson observed.
Conclusions: The vignette illustrates that, more than hitherto assumed, the interaction between operational and didactical matters may seriously hamper the latter, which could have a serious impact on learners’ achievement.
SESSION V Venue: Varna (Petit Suite) Time: 13:00 – 14:30 Theme: Global health and inequality Chair: Prof. Arvin Bhana (HSD)
111. Lessons learnt in a HIV behavioural survey using respondent driven sampling (RDS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in three South African cities. Authors: Ms Allanise Cloete; Prof. Leickness Simbayi; Prof. Thomas Rehle; Loraine Townsend; Ms Yoliswa Ntsepe; Mr Yogandra Naidoo; Dr Julia Louw; Prof. Pamela Naidoo (PHHSI); Dr Musawenkosi Mabaso; Khanyisile Manzini; Ms Kim Jonas; Ms Jacqueline Mthembu & Mr Thiyane Duda (HAST)
Background: In South Africa, respondent driven sampling (RDS) is increasingly being used to sample ‘hard to reach’ populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). In this paper we will describe some of the lessons learnt in conducting a HIV biological and behavioural survey (BBS) among MSM using RDS in Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban.
Methods: Initial study participants (i.e. seeds) were identified in consultation with members of our Community Advisory Board (CAB), contacts made by the researchers and our fieldwork staff. Study participants (including seeds) who completed the BBS received a R50.00 shopping voucher. For each peer recruited into the study, a non‐monetary incentive (secondary incentive) to the amount of R20.00 was provided to encourage recruitment.
Results: From information provided by seeds and CAB members, we found that creating a pleasant on‐site atmosphere was more important than matching staff to the same sex preferences of study participants. This made participants feel more comfortable about recruiting peers into the survey. In our study, incentives which are integral to RDS were considered insufficient to compensate for travel costs particularly for those participants who came from afar. Interview sites should not only be accessible by public transport, but incentives should be of sufficient value to cover transport costs. Findings suggest that some MSM were reluctant to enter study sites that were visible to the general population. Ensuring that at least one of two study sites in each city was ‘invisible’ to the general population provided participants assisted recruitment. Conclusions: A major challenge to implementation of a RDS study among MSM is the persistence of stigmatisation of MSM behaviour. Therefore a key recommendation for future surveys among MSM is that it is important to maintain linkages with the MSM community and other service providers for MSM throughout implementation of the survey.
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112. Explorations of HIV risk, responsibility, intimacy and love in rural South Africa (NIMH Project Accept‐HPTN 043) Author: Dr Heidi van Rooyen (HAST)
Background: Several studies in the United Kingdom and the United States have explored risk management in HIV prevention amongst gay men. The aim of this paper is to explore how a group of rural, heterosexual South African women, living in the midst of spiralling HIV infection, negotiate issues of HIV risk and responsibility in the context of their intimate love relationships.
Methods: Drawing on qualitative data collected as part of Project Accept, a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a community mobilization, community‐based voluntary counseling and testing (CBVCT) intervention, the approach to the analysis will be two‐fold. We explore the themes of risk, responsibility, intimacy and love across a sample of longitudinal cohort interviews collected over a two year period from women at baseline (N=64), 6 months (N=47) and 15 month (N=38) in the study.
Results: Women showed a realistic appraisal of relationship risks in this high prevalence setting. Trust and faithfulness were delicately negotiated as women sought to maintain healthy relationships, and assumed different meanings depending on the nature, length and duration of relationship. In a context of viral dangers sexual safety was often rejected in long term relationships, particularly where other relationship needs and values took precedence. In these partnerships, unprotected sex appeared to be less a case of ignoring viral dangers as an acceptance that danger is part of love and life.
Conclusions: Risk management continues to be framed as the product of rational decision making. Our HIV prevention efforts have discounted the irrationality of emotion, and how meanings attached to love, relationship and intimacy impact risk management. Love and intimacy are critical to relationship survival and are complicated under the threat of HIV transmission and illness. To successfully address risk management, these “softer” issues need to be addressed.
113. Quality of HIV counselling in South Africa. Authors: Ms Yoliswa Ntsepe, N Mohlabane, Prof. Karl Peltzer, Dr Aziza Mwisongo, Ms Bomkazi Tutshana & Dr Heidi Van Rooyen (HAST)
Background: Counselling and testing remain key components of HIV/AIDS prevention as they provide an entry point into prevention, care, treatment and support services. The quality of HIV counselling and testing is critical in ensuring potential impact for risk reduction. This paper examines the quality of HIV counselling and the process followed during counselling sessions in 67 HCT sites across South Africa health facilities.
Methods: This analysis is based on data from a rapid appraisal of 67 HCT sites that was conducted in eight provinces of South Africa. All the sites were assessed by means of site visits and observations of counselling and testing sessions. The assessment used both quantitative and qualitative methods which enabled assessing quality of counselling using different techniques. The observations captured other elements and insights of quality that would not have been captured by the checklist. The quality and content of counselling was assessed at each of the HCT sites whereby two to three pre and post‐ test counselling sessions were observed at each site. Written informed consent was obtained from both the counsellor and the client before observing a counselling session. The checklist is based on items which constitute the minimum standards for quality HIV test counselling.
Results: In all 73 HCT sites were approached for inclusion in the study, 67 agreed and 6 refused (all NGOs), response rate 91.8%. In total 9 group and 140 pre and post‐test counselling sessions were observed in the 67 sites that agreed to participate in the study. The majority of the sessions were observed in government and NGO based facilities of which 68(45.9) were conducted in rural based facilities, followed by peri‐urban 39(26.2) and urban 34(23.0). The majority of the sessions were conducted by lay counsellors.
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Conclusions: The study indicated that the training and mentoring of counsellors needs to be addressed, so as to make the HCT programme more effective. A concerning finding is in relation to the HIV/AIDS knowledge of counsellors; in this study it was evident from the session observations that counsellors did not have current information about HIV/AIDS. The implication is for more thorough education and knowledge components in training programs as well as the inclusion of regular knowledge updates. In a field with new information emerging at a rapid pace, there is a need for well‐informed up to date counsellors.
14:30 – 15:00 Tea
15:00 – 16:00 Plenary Session: Closure Venue: Silverleaf Chair: Prof. Alinah Segobye (RIA)
15:00 – 16:00 Panel Discussion: TBC
114. Citizenship and inequality: The challenges of sustainable human development. Dr Alioune Sall, African Futures Institute, Pretoria
115. Is development effectiveness the answer to Africa and Global South’s development questions?: Implications for discussions on inequality and poverty. Dr Siphamandla Zondi, Director: Institute for Global Dialogue, Pretoria
It is now common cause that Africa’s ability to overcome the development question – the fact of the perpetuity of its marginality in a global environment that remains relatively awash with wealth for some in spite of the global economic crisis – is contingent on its ability to resolve its structural challenges relating both to its position in global political economy and its internal socio‐economy. The bait of development assistance or aid, ostensibly designed to help Africa overcome poverty, inequalities and underdevelopment, is one of the technologies of power used to perpetuate the marginality of the south and Africa. The Africa‐Asia Solidarity Conference in Bandung in 1955 is among key efforts to find a south‐wide consensus on a framework for a decolonial route to development, which included functional south‐south cooperation for political and economic development, endogenous development and non‐alignment with external ideological frameworks for politics and development. As the south and the UN resisted the dominant liberal paradigm of development, it became necessary to attempt to redefine the relationship between donor countries in the centre of global power and beneficiary countries on the periphery. The adoption of the Paris Declaration for Aid Effectiveness in 2005 is perhaps the first agreement between the south and north on how to achieve this goal. This resulted in the UN High‐Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness held its fourth meeting in Busan, South Korea, in 2011 to conclude four year negotiations towards a new global consensus more efficient and more effective delivery of aid and the reform of the donor‐beneficiary relationships towards one of equal partnership. 160 countries and 50 organisations adopted “The Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co‐operation,” shifting the focus from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness by embracing the need for greater reliance on domestic resources to finance efforts to “break the poverty cycle”, the need for developing countries to assume responsibility for their own development, and the increased role of host country private sector in national and regional development.
This paper questions whether the Busan partnership will enable decolonial endogenous development efforts against poverty and inequality within countries of the south, especially Africa, and therefore the transformation of unequal relations between the north and the south. It suggests implications for policy choices that African and southern countries can make in the fight against poverty.
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116. Developing Sustainably and the Emergence of a New Productive Paradigm. Dr Rasigan Maharajh, Chief Director of the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation (IERI) , Faculty of Economics and Finance , Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria
The advance of human society into the second decade of the third millennium of the Common Era (CE) is shadowed by concurrent crises, nascent opportunities and emergent change of epochal magnitude. When viewed within the longer durations of geological time, the human species has undoubtedly achieved significant evolutionary success. Evidence for humanity’s success is manifest in its sheer size of population, scale of diffusion across the planet, its collective learning capacities, and adaptive capabilities. The approach adopted in this presentation is to consider the challenges of contemporary development and sustainability from the perspective of economic history. It will utilise the conceptual tools of political economy to discuss the evolution of the contemporary crises confronting human society. In adopting a historically‐ determined contextualised approach, the presentation pays particular attention to the opportunities for progressive change that emanate from the contradictions constituting the current stage of globalised capitalism. The presentation comprises five parts. After a brief introductory section, the presentation proceeds to sketch a succinct history of the contemporary crisis confronting human society. The third section is concerned with the accumulated impacts, generated through the course of human‐led development, upon the ecosystem of the planet. The fourth section continues the critique of the current hegemonic development model and highlights the considerable contestation emerging around the conceptualisation of a ‘green economy’. This section questions the capacity for actually existing capitalism to embrace the challenges of sustainability and ecological congruence. The fifth section describes the emergence of elements of new productive paradigms and concludes with some challenges for research and the system of innovation in South Africa.
16:00 – 16:30 117. Dr Temba Masilela (DCEO, Research)
Departure
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BIOGRAPHIES
MS ZULFA ABRAHAMS Zulfa Abrahams is a researcher in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation research programme at the Human Sciences Research Council. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Dietetics obtained from the University of the Western Cape, and a Master of Public Health degree specializing in Epidemiology from the University of Cape Town.
She has previously been involved in research on school based surveys on nutrition and physical activity in primary school learners, their parents and teachers and most recently the first South African National Health and Nutrition Survey (SANHANES).
Her areas of research interest include: school‐based interventions; food security; dietary methodology; public health nutrition; nutrition and chronic diseases, particularly heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Her skills include the ability to do statistical analysis using software such as STATA and SPSS.
Her publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of several conference presentations and journal articles. Her most recent work, published in BMC Public Health, examined a range of nutrition‐related indicators for countries in Sub‐ Saharan Africa that was used to develop a typical model of a country in transition.
MS FUNEKA YAZINI APRIL Ms. April works at the Governance and Security program with a focus on industrial development. Ms. April is a Masters of Arts Graduate of the International Affairs at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina. Ms. April has several publications that include some of the following: South Africa’s Governance Challenges: Assessing The South Africa – China Mineral Case, Contemporary Politics Journal, Routledge: London, Vol 15. South Africa’s Industrial Framework Action Plan (IPAP2P): Challenges and Prospects, The Thinker, April 2010, Understanding as Aspect of China’s Economic Governance and Economic Growth, Africa Insight, Volume 41, “Assessing South Africa’s Foreign Policy Options: Implementing Civic Interest Groups as a Source of Soft Power,” African Journal of Conflict Resolution. February 18, 2009, Global Dynamics of the South China Sea Tussles, Polity, December 15, 2012, An Analysis of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, and the Nationalisation of Minerals Debate in South Africa. July, 2012; Africa Insight Journal 42(1). A Comparative Analysis of Industrialization in the Case of the African Union and the Association of South East Asian Nations, Africa Insight Journal, Vol. 42(3), and Criticism of BRICS Development Bank is Unwarranted, Analysis and Opinion Section. The New Age, Wednesday, April 24th
MR FABIAN ARENDS Mr Fabian Arends is a research specialist in the Education and Skills Development research programme. He has a BA (Hons) in geography and an MBA from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal.
Before joining the HSRC, Mr Arends was an educator at the Westbury Senior Secondary School in Johannesburg. He was later employed in the Education Management Information Systems unit in the Gauteng Department of Education, where his duties included numerous surveys, and the creation, updating and maintenance of a Geographic Information System.
Currently, Mr Arends' duties include data collection and auditing, the analysis and integration of quantitative and qualitative data, and the design of education indicators.
MS EMMA AROGUNDADE Emma Arogundade is a Senior Researcher in the Human and Social Development Unit at the Human Sciences Research Council.
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PROF. OLADELE AROWOLO I graduated from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, with Honours degree in Geography (minor in Sociology and Economics) in 1968, and obtained his Masters (1971) and PhD (1973) in Demography from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. I taught in several universities in the US, Nigeria and Ethiopia over the years; I was appointed Professor of Sociology and served as Head of Department of Social Sciences and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Humanities, Lagos State University, 1984‐1988.
I worked with the United Nations International Labour Organisation, Geneva, as Chief Technical Adviser in population planning and policy formulation (1988‐1999) in Ethiopia; Kenya; and Namibia. Thereafter, I served as consultant to UNFPA, UNDP, FAO, the World Bank, etc. on population and development projects in Namibia, Mozambique, Botswana, Malawi, Swaziland, Lesotho, Ethiopia, Syria, South Africa, etc., from 1999 to 2009.
My main areas of concentration as a university lecturer, researcher and population professional were population dynamics, population policies and programming, population and development integration, project monitoring and evaluation. I have published books and contributed to chapters in books and produced numerous academic papers, I have also published in international journals. My current research interests include Human Rights and Development, Population and development planning and; the Millennium Development Goals in Africa.
DR BONGANI BANTWINI Dr Bongani Bantwini is the acting Head for Science Communication unit and Senior Research Specialists at Research Use and Impact and Assessment, Human Sciences Research Council. He is a Fulbright scholarship alumni and has received his Masters and Ph.D. degrees in science education from the University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign.
Previously he has worked for various institutions in South Africa and abroad including, university of Illinois Urbana‐ Champaign, University of Northern Iowa, Kennesaw state university in the USA.
Before re‐joining HSRC in June 2013, he was an Assistant Professor of Science Education at Kennesaw State University. He was a co‐Director for Mathematics and Science Partnership Project (MSP) funded by the Department of Education and Director for the state of Georgia Elementary Science Olympiads.
His research interest areas include: science education, trends and reforms in science education, teacher professional development of science teachers, school district role and policy implementation, science communication.
His recent publications include authoring and co‐authoring papers published in peer‐reviewed journals locally and internationally and book chapters. He has presented papers at both local and international conferences.
DR VANESSA BAROLSKY Dr Vanessa Barolsky is a chief researcher in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery research programme. She holds an MA in sociology from the University of Witwatersrand, and is currently completing a PhD in sociology from the University of the Witwatersrand.
Before joining the HSRC in November 2006, she worked as an independent researcher ‐ authoring, among other work, the 2003 Annual Aids Review for the University of Pretoria and conducting a major research project for the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation on Transition and Violence in 2005. She has also worked as director of the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit at the Secretariat for Safety and Security and as a researcher at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa where she authored one of the research chapters of the Final Report of the Commission.
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Her areas of research interest include: various forms of social conflict, political and criminal violence and policing issues with a special emphasis on the relationship between violence and power, particularly the ways in which this relationship shapes current configurations of power and subjectivity in the South African context. She is particularly concerned with investigating how our conceptualisation of this relationship influences our understanding of power, politics and violence and the consequent impact this has on our responses to violence and social conflict.
Dr Barolsky's publication record spans the authoring of one of the Regional Profile chapters of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, as well as numerous other reports for the Commission, including a theoretical framework for the Commission's analysis of gender and human rights, and reports of a number of public hearings for the victims of human rights violations. She completed many publications for the Secretariat of Safety and Security, including a detailed analysis of key policing initiatives to respond to the problem of crime in Johannesburg. She recently concluded an extensive research report for the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, which examined issues of violence and transition within the context of the East Rand sub‐region of the Gauteng province. On the basis of this report, she was invited to contribute a chapter which explores contemporary childhood subjectivity in the wake of the political violence on the East Rand, to an international anthology entitled Violence and Non‐Violence: Africa Perspectives (forthcoming February 2007), Ahluwalia, P., Bethlehem, L., Ginio., (eds). Routledge. She is currently in her final year of study for a PhD dissertation entitled, 'The Moleleki Execution, A Radical Problem of Understanding', which utilises one incident of atrocious violence as an opportunity for a deeper theoretical investigation of power and violence and the ways in which, in the South African context, we have attempted to make `sense' of violence
MR THOMSON BATIDZIRAI Thomson Batidzirai is a Survey Administrator in the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII) unit of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). He holds an MSc (with distinction) from the National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe, and a BSc Honours degree in Applied Mathematics from the same university.
Before joining the HSRC in January 2011, Thomson was an Operations Manager for the National Incomes Dynamics Study at the University of Cape Town where he was involved in the operations and logistics management of the study. Prior to that, Thomson worked as a Statistical Analyst at Braxton Group in Stellenbosch. He has vast experience in statistical analysis and logistics management.
Thomson Batidzirai is currently involved in various projects within CeSTII including the National Survey of Research and Experimental Development, the South African Innovation Survey, the Agricultural R&D study, the Human Resources in Science and Technology study among other projects where he is involved in planning, logistics and report writing.
Thomson’s research interests are focused on the application of optimisation techniques in intensity modulated radiation therapy and in water distribution. He is also interested in research on innovation, R&D and food security.
PROF. ARVIN BHANA Prof. Arvin Bhana: Professor Arvin Bhana is the executive director of the Human and Social Development research programme. He obtained an MA degree in psychology from the University of Durban‐Westville (now University of KwaZulu‐ Natal) and holds a PhD in Clinical and Community Psychology at the University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign in the United States. His areas of research interest include child and youth risk and resilience, adolescent risk‐taking behaviour (including HIV/AIDS), substance abuse and mental health. Prof. Bhana's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 60 conference presentations, chapters in books and over 60 journal articles. His recent publications focus on integrating mental health into primary health care, task‐sharing family protective factors in reducing risk for children and youth at risk and programmatic implementation of family‐based interventions in public health facilities.
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DR NARNIA BOHLER‐MULLER Professor Narnia Bohler‐Muller BJuris LLB LLM (UPE) LLD (UP) began her academic career as a law lecturer at Vista University (Port Elizabeth campus) from 1996 until the merger with UPE in 2005. She was a member of the executive committee of the Vista Council and legal advisor to the Acting VC, Vista University, during the merger process. Prof. Bohler‐Muller was a full professor of law at Vista University, University of Port Elizabeth and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) before joining the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) as Research Director of Social Sciences in February 2011. She has been a member of Council of Vista University, NMMU and AISA.
After acting as the Executive Director of the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery research programme (DGSD) at the HSRC for seven months, she is currently the Deputy Executive Director of DGSD and an Adjunct Professor of the Nelson R Mandela School of Law at the University of Fort Hare.
She is an admitted Advocate of the High Court of South Africa and was a presiding officer for the Private Security Regulatory Authority (PSIRA) in Port Elizabeth. Prof. Bohler‐Muller has served as a research consultant for the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development, where she assisted in developing a policy on HIV/AIDS, human rights and access to justice. She has also been a research consultant for the Institute for Child Witness Research and Training on a number of issues related to gender‐based violence against women and girls, as well as human trafficking. Prof. Bohler‐Muller is also a non‐executive Director on the board of the Tertiary Education and Research Network of South Africa (TENET)
Dr Bohler‐Muller has previously been granted research fellowships at Griffith University (Brisbane, Australia); Birkbeck School of Law (London, UK) and BRICS Policy Centre (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). She has over 40 peer reviewed journal publications and has co‐edited two books on gender violence and human trafficking. She has published a number of policy briefs and media commentaries.
Her research interests include jurisprudence; international and constitutional law; human rights and democracy; and gender justice. Currently her research focus includes human rights and democracy in Africa, and the socio‐political and legal implications of BRICS in Africa. She is co‐editing a book on BRICS that is due for publication in March 2013.
DR JACQUELINE BOREL‐SALADIN Before joining the HSRC she was at the University of Cape Town (UCT) where she completed her undergraduate, honours and masters degrees in Environmental and Geographical Science and her PhD in Sociology, with a particular focus on changing employment patterns in South Africa. She is currently working on resilient cities. Since joining the HSRC, she has co‐authored several papers. The first was on 3 reports by The World Bank, OECD and UNEP on the green economy, submitted to and accepted by Environmental Policy and Governance as a policy review paper. Another paper considered green jobs growth estimates for South Africa, to be published in the South African Journal of Science in their 2013 July/August issue. She also presented this paper at the ASSA Young Scientists conference in 2012. A third short paper, also on the green economy, will be included in the World Social Science Report for 2013. She is currently researching simplified sustainability indicators developed from South Africa’s latest population Census (2011). This work formed the basis of a paper to be presented at the IDRC19 sustainability conference in Stellenbosch in July 2013. She also recently presented a paper from her PhD thesis at the SALDRU seminar series at UCT, which is currently being submitted for publication.
DR JEREMIAH CHIKOVORE Dr Jeremiah Chikovore is a senior research specialist in HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research programme. He holds an MPh at the University of Umea in Sweden and obtained a PhD in Public Health from the same University in 2004.
Before joining the HSRC in October 2008, he was Lecturer in Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences at the University of Zimbabwe.
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His areas of research interest include: gender and health with special emphasis on sexual and reproductive health as well as TB control. He is also interested in adolescent and youth health matters, and HIV/AIDS.
Dr Chikovore's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than ten conference presentations and eight journal articles and book chapters. His most recent work, published in the African Sociological Review, investigated the impact of changing socio‐economic factors on adolescents sexual and reproductive health and well‐being within family settings.
MR WITNESS CHIRINDA Mr Witness Chirinda is a PhD research intern in the South African HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (SAHARA) Unit within the HIV/AIDS Sexually Transmitted Infections and TB (HAST). He holds an MSc in Population Studies/Demography from the University of Zimbabwe (2007). Before joining the HSRC in February 2011, he worked for Africare South Africa as a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Officer. His main duties involved providing technical support on M&E systems to the Department of Health Chris Hani District teams and project partners in the Eastern Cape. He is currently pursuing his PhD studies at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) Department of Statistics and Populations Studies.
PROF. MARGARET CHITIGA‐MABUGU Professor Chitiga‐Mabugu is the executive director of the Economic Performance and Development research programme at the HSRC.
She was previously with the economics department at the University of Pretoria, where she taught microeconomics, public sector economics, development economics, economic modelling and mathematics for economists; and has supervised a number of PhD and MSc students. She has also been involved in intensive teaching at the Joint Facility for Electives at the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) teaching public finance, and at the Collaborative MSc in Agricultural and Applied Economics ‐‐ teaching economic modelling. She was invited to be part of a 5 member international team of resource persons to run an international course on CGE modelling for the Ecological and Environmental Economics Programme, a joint programme of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and the Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics.
Her research interests are in tracing and analysing the effects of government policies on households, and on the economy more broadly. She has applied various modelling approaches to answering questions on trade liberalisation, land reform, and environmental policies, amongst others. She has also conducted research for various organisations and government departments such as the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of Transport, National Treasury, the Department of Social Development, the Development Bank of Southern Africa and The United Nations Children's Fund.
She has published both locally and internationally in such journals as Economic Modelling, Journal of Development Studies, Energy Journal, Journal of African Economies, South African Journal of Economics, South African Journal of Economics and Management Sciences and Agrekon among others. In addition, she has contributed to several book chapters.
She is project coordinator for Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA) and co‐editor of CEEPA publications. She is a board member on the AERC?S training sub committee, a steering committee member of the Southern African Development Research Network (SADRN) and is an associate editor for Environment and Development Economics Journal, published by Oxford University Press.
MS ALLANISE CLOETE Ms Allanise Cloete is a PhD research trainee in the HIV/AIDS, STI and TB research programme. She is currently pursuing her doctoral work on the links between the cultural performance of local same sex cultures in the carnival/local popular culture and the everyday performance of identifying as gay. She holds a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch (2000),
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Honours in Anthropology/Sociology at the University of the Western Cape (2001), and a Master's in Anthropology/Sociology from the University of the Western Cape (2005). In 2002, Ms Cloete attended the Executive Masters Course on Culture, Care, Chronic Illness and Disability in the Amsterdam Masters in Medical Anthropology (AMMA) programme at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
Before joining the HSRC in March 2004, she was a social science foundation course tutor (2001‐2003), project coordinator of a SANPAD funded research project (2003) and student assistant at the Office for Student Development at the University of the Western Cape (2003).
In 2008 Ms Cloete received the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Research Excellence Award for Research Trainees. In 2002 she received a bursary from the National Research Foundation (NRF) and a scholarship from SANPAD based on academic excellence. She has also obtained recognition for her academic excellence by being invited to join the University of the Western Cape chapter of the Golden Key International Honour Society in 2002 and is also a SANPAD research fellow (2005).
Her areas of research interest include: African same sex sexualities and transmission of HIV/AIDS, gender and sexualities, HIV risk reduction intervention research and the social and cultural aspects of HIV/AIDS transmission
MR MICHAEL COSSER Michael Cosser is the head of Capacity Enhancement at the HSRC. He was previously a Chief Research Specialist in the Education and Skills Development research programme. His work has focussed on pathways through the education and training system and into the labour market.
He has authored or co‐authored six HSRC Press monographs in this area, and has published on the same theme in Higher Education, the Journal of Higher Education in Africa, and Perspectives in Education. In 2010 he proposed a new pathways model for the education and training system in South Africa which has informed the work of the HESA (Higher Education South Africa) Post‐school System task team, on which he served, as well as the Department of Higher Education and Training task team on Community Education and Training Centres, of which he is a member.
MS LIZIWE CWATI Ms Liziwe Cwati has a Master in Public Administration from the University of the Western Cape, 2008. She joined the HSRC in 2006 as a project administrator for SAHARA. In 2007, she was promoted to join the Capacity Enhancement unit (which was previously known as the Capacity Development unit). At the time, she was enrolled and studying towards her Master’s degree in Public Administration which she completed and graduated in 2008.
Ms Cwati has 5 years’ experience in the area of Human Capital Development. She is currently the project coordinator in the Capacity Enhancement unit and her main responsibility is the coordination of all capacity enhancement initiatives for the HSRC.
MS LUCINDA DALAIS Lucinda Dalais has been employed at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in Cape Town since 2010. She has completed a BSc (Dietetics) degree and has obtained a Master of Public Health Degree [MPH] from the University of the Western Cape in 2013. She has been involved in a school‐based nutrition and physical activity intervention study (HealthKick) and has co‐authored three peer‐reviewed articles and presented at a number of national & international conferences. Her research interests include school‐based nutrition and physical activity interventions; and body image perceptions and overweight/obesity more specifically relating to educators. She has a specific interest in educators and the problem of overweight and obesity among them; so much so that she is now pursuing a PhD for further research into educator obesity
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DR YULE DEREK DAVIDS Dr Yule Derek Davids is a Senior Research Specialist in the Democracy and Governance and Service Delivery (DGSD) Programme. I have a keen interest in the socio‐economic conditions of vulnerable people such as the poor, women and children, and how poor socio‐economic conditions impacts on their ability to live a good quality life with less risk of falling into poverty and or ill‐health. More specifically, I have examined the influence of social determinants such an individual’s race (ethnic) group, gender, geographic location, education, living standard measure (LSM) on the poverty status of people. Before coming to the HSRC he was the manager of the Public Opinion Service of the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (Idasa) where he managed more than thirty national representative surveys which included the Afrobarometer surveys in Southern Africa. He also did consultancy work for the International Foundation for Elections Systems (IFES) in Uganda and Management Systems International (MSI) in Nigeria as well as for USAID in Tanzania. He holds a PhD in Political Science from Stellenbosch University. His dissertation focuses on comparing perceptions of poverty with living conditions of poverty. He received a scholarship from Stellenbosch University and was awarded the Afrobarometer Fellowship in June 2002 to attend advanced courses on Survey Research and Statistical Analysis at the University of Michigan. He also published extensively and has represented the HSRC both at national and international conferences.
MS ALICIA DAVIDS Ms Alicia Davids is a senior researcher in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research unit. She holds an MA in Research Psychology at the University of the Western Cape.
Before joining the HSRC in July 2007/01, she was a senior research technologist at the South African Medical Research Council (Cape Town). She has gained a knowledge base and worked in the following areas of research: intervention mapping, gender mainstreaming, HIV/AIDS, orphaned and vulnerable children, substance use and abuse, and tobacco control and harm minimisation.
Her areas of research interest include: adolescent development, with special emphasis on risk‐taking behaviour and how this relates to HIV and AIDS. Ms Davids has authored and co‐authored various research reports on orphaned and vulnerable children, published by the HRSC. In addition she was one of the editors for the Gender Mainstreaming in HIV/AIDS Seminar Proceedings Book published in HSRC: Gender Studies.
MR ADLAI DAVIDS Mr Adlai Davids is a senior research manager in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) research programme. He holds a Master of Science (MSc) degree in geographical information systems (GIS) from the Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation (formerly ITC) of the University of Twente in The Netherlands. He was a lecturer in GIS and human geography at the former University of Port Elizabeth, which is now part of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU).
Since joining the HSRC in October 2002, Mr Davids has co‐authored eight research articles in accredited journals. These were on diverse topics such Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, intimate partner violence and HIV risk, predictors of alcohol‐exposed pregnancies, the use of an internationally recognised instrument to evaluate general health practice, reporting of sexual activity of minors in a research context and lay counsellors? experiences of delivering HIV counselling services.
He also co‐authored research reports on the PMTCT research programme of HAST and on trends in public spending on agriculture in Malawi, which was co‐published by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Mr Davids is the liaison for the West African regional office of SAHARA, the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance; the sub‐Saharan network for HIV/AIDS researchers which is an initiative of the HSRC. His is currently the project manager for a mid‐term qualitative assessment of experiences and perceptions of community dialogues in Lesotho in partnership with the National University of Lesotho (NUL).
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MS HARSHA DAYAL Ms H. Dayal qualified as an Occupational Therapist in 1993 from Wits University. She worked in the public health sector in various positions, ranging from clinician to project manager and community development worker. She was awarded an EU Scholarship in 1994 to complete postgraduate studies in the field of Disability Studies in the UK. She planned and implemented several community projects in partnership with Universities, NGO’s, CBO’s and government officials. In 2009, she graduated with a Master’s degree in Public Health at Wits University. While working within the Policy Analysis Unit at the HSRC, her research outputs included reports for commissioned work in the development of a Strategy on the Integration of Services for Children with Disabilities; Gender and Poverty Reduction; Developmental State; and ARV delivery models. She became a project manager for an internationally funded research project in the field on LGBTI and HIV during 2009 – 2010. During this time, she pursued her research interests, where she published two articles and worked with UNICEF and the Department of Social Development to produce a report on the situational analysis of children with disabilities in South Africa. Her need to understand and influence how research is taken up in and used in policy and practice, led her towards becoming a Chief Researcher within the newly established Research Use and Impact Assessment unit in January 2011. During 2012, she completed and qualified with a Diploma in Monitoring and Evaluation from CREST at Stellenbosch University. While supporting all research related work within RIA, she was seconded to the Presidency, within the Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation to manage the 20 Year Review which is currently underway.
MS ARIANE DE LANNOY Ariane De Lannoy is a sociologist and senior researcher with the Children’s Institute, at the University of Cape Town. She holds Masters degrees in languages and international politics from the Universities of Ghent and Antwerp (Belgium) and a PhD from the University of Cape Town (South Africa). Her research focuses on youth in rapidly changing urban environments, mostly using a Mixed Methods approach. She is especially interested in youth transitions and decision‐making in the complex context of post‐Apartheid South Africa.
MS SINELISIWE LEBOHANG DHLAMINI I am PhD intern, in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB programme, and the National Research Foundation Professional Development Programme PhD Fellow. In 2012 I obtained my Masters in Research Psychology and my study focused on microfinance programmes and the empowerment of women in rural areas. I have worked on various projects within the HSRC such as SABSSM IV, NHCT campaign evaluation and Project Accept. I am currently involved in a project called “Sibhekelela izingane zethu” (SIZE) or “We look out for our children”. The objective of Project SIZE is to generate usable knowledge about how South African children are being affected by the co‐occurring adversities caused by household poverty and HIV/AIDS, and to assess the reach and influence of current government‐funded grants and services in mitigating these adversities. My Doctoral studies are focusing on female‐headed households and children’s well‐being in KwaZulu‐Natal, using empirical data from Project SIZE.
DR NOLUTHO DIKO Dr Nolutho Ndengane Diko has been appointed as a senior research specialist in the Centre for Education Quality Improvement (CEQI). She holds a MSc in Education at Indiana University, USA, and a PhD in Education Policy from the same university.
Before joining the HSRC, she was an assistant professor in the Department of Educational Studies at Ball State University, USA. She has also taught in the Department of African Languages and Literatures at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, US.
Her areas of research interest include: comparative and international education, gender and education leadership, culture, and school reform.
Dr Diko's most recent work, published in Africa Today Journal, investigated the issue of gender, school governance and management.
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MR JAKES MOJALEFA DIPHOLO I am a research intern at the DGSD unit and I hold a BA (Honours) Political Science from the University of Johannesburg Kingsway Campus with interests in international relations, foreign policy analysis, local, provincial and national government affairs. I am also a member of the Golden Key International Honours Society, as well as the Japanese based Global Next Leaders Forum.
MR CHRISTOPHER DIWU The author is a Research and PhD intern at HSRC (Cape Town) in the Education and Skills Development programme.
He originally trained as a Chemical Engineer, spending about five years in industry and later moved into Science Education where he spent several years teaching Sciences, Mathematics and Technology at high school. He later joined PRAESA (UCT) as a Participatory Action Research (PAR) researcher in local schools in Cape Town. His focus was on Multilingual Education for the development of Mathematical literacy and numeracy at Intermediate phases and senior phases using indigenous knowledges as a vehicle
His interest is in teacher professional development pertaining to their awareness and understanding of the nature of both science and indigenous knowledge systems using the critical thinking tools of argumentation from the history and philosophy of science perspectives. Central to the above is the development of culturally relevant science and mathematics teaching and learning materials for local South African schools.
DR HESTER DU PLESSIS Dr Hester du Plessis (DLitt et Phil in Philosophy), is a senior research specialist in the Research Use and Impact Assessment (RIA) unit at the HSRC. She was a senior researcher at the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture and associate senior researcher at the Sustainable energy Technology and Research (SeTAR) Centre, Faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg. She was a Research Chair in Design Education and Innovation at the National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India during 2008/9.
Her research in Public Understanding of Science (PUS) is done in collaboration with the Science Communication through Multi‐media (SCM) unit at the National Institute for Science Communication and Information resources (NISCAIR), CSIR, New Delhi, India. She works on a number of science communication research projects such as the Philosophers of Science in Africa and India project that forms a part of the HSRC Africa Knowledge Producers Series and an international science communication project: Epistemological review of a science communication model (Canada, France, India and South Africa) with the focus on the development of pro‐poor policy. She is a Fellow at the Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA), where she was lead researcher of a project: The concept and application of transdisciplinarity in intellectual discourse and research. She is currently project leader of a MISTRA study on: The philosophy behind the rise and fall and rise of the Chinese civilization. She is a team member of a project: Journees Hubert Curien at the University of Lorianne, Nancy, France and a project: Science communication in the post‐colonial era with the University of Paris Diderot. At the HSRC she is a team member of the project: Multi‐disciplinary study with the aim to understand the multifaceted problems facing the mining industry, conducted in collaboration with EPD.
MR THIYANE DUDA Thiyane Duda is a Masters intern in HAST and completing a Masters degree in Social Anthropology at the University of Cape Town.
MS SIPHESIHLE DUMISA Siphesihle Dumisa is a junior researcher who is currently completing her Masters in Development Studies at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. She joined the HSRC in February 2012 and has since assisted in finalising client reports, data analysis, as well as conceptualising proposals for new projects. Her work has culminated in the co‐publishing of several non‐peer reviewed
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articles and a report commissioned by the Department of Energy. She has twice been invited to present at meetings organised by the UNECA amongst several other local and international conferences. In 2009 she completed a Bachelor of Social Science degree in Government, Business & Ethics, and is currently completing a Masters degree in Development Studies.
DR NTABOZUKO DWANE Dr Ntabozuko Dwane, (MBChB, MMed, FCPHM) is a Senior Research Manager in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit (HAST) of the Human Science Research Council. She is a public health medicine physician. She has worked in areas of TB, HIV/AIDS, PMTCT and paediatric HIV, sexual assault, operational/ health systems research and as part of the planning and management teams of a few large surveys. She has conducted programme evaluations and assessments and is proficient across the disciplines of public health medicine (e.g. epidemiology, biostatistics, occupational health and health systems. Dr Dwane has extensive experience in health systems strengthening work within the District Health System, HIV/AIDS and TB and communicable diseases. She has also worked closely with NGOs in implementing HAST prevention, treatment and care projects and programmes.
MS ALEXANDRA ERNST Ms Ernst holds a a BA degree in Molecular and Cell Biology: Cell and Developmental Biology. She is currently Research Intern in the Population Health, Health Systems & Innovation (PHHSI) Programme at the HSRC. She has a background in Molecular and Cell Biology with research experience in Public Health and Global Health. she took courses in Physiology, Nutrition, Health Lifestyle Practices and Public Health. Quantitative research on iodine levels in salt and urine published in a progress paper for MAL‐ED.
MS JUDITH FEBRUARY Ms Judith February is the executive director of the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery Research programme. She holds a BA (Law) and an LIB degree at the University of Cape Town and obtained her LIM in Commercial Law also from the University of Cape Town in 2000. She was admitted to practise as an attorney in 1996 and practiced law in Cape Town until 2000.
Before joining the HSRC on 1 October 2012, she headed Idasa?s Political Information and Monitoring Service Programme where she worked on issues of corruption and its impact on governance, Parliamentary oversight, institutional design and general political analysis. Ms February is a regular commentator in the media on politics in SA and has been listed in the Financial Mail's Little Black Book of black professionals in South Africa. Judith was also listed in the MtN/Mail and Guardian 100 women in South Africa, released in August 2010. She served on an ad hoc panel to evaluate the effectiveness of South Africa's Parliament, chaired by Pregs Govender in 2009. In 2009 she was awarded a summer fellowship at the Freeman Spogli Institute for Democracy Development and the rule of law at Stanford University, California.
Her areas of research interest include: good governance, transparency, accountability and institutional design within the South African context. Ms February is the co‐editor with Neeta Misra‐Dexter of 'Testing democracy: which way is South Africa going?', March 2010, Idasa. Her column, 'Between the Lines' appears in the Cape Times newspaper, fortnightly. She has taught a course on Contemporary South African politics within the Politics Department at the University of Cape Town in 2011 and has recently returned from Washington DC where she was selected as a Reagan‐Fascell Spring Fellow for 2012 at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington DC.
DR NOSISI FEZA‐PIYOSE Dr Nosisi Feza is a post‐doctoral fellow in the Education and Skills Development (ESD). Before joining HSRC she was a research fellow at the University of Northern Iowa responsible for early childhood mathematics research and a research assistant at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Prior to her PhD studies she was a mathematics lecturer at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth. Her research is based on investigating students of African descendent
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mathematical thinking processes, mathematical learning and experiences, mathematics teacher education, differentiated mathematics instruction, diversity in the mathematics classroom and young children’ s innate mathematical abilities and their development.
MR TSHITANGANO FREDERICK Mr Tshitangano Frederick is a GIS Technician in the PHHSI Programme. He holds a Bsc (Env) from University of Venda and currently finishing Masters in GIS and Remote Sensing from UNIGIS. His areas of interest include GIS database, web mapping, spatial statistics, data modeling, Mapping and GIS health issues.
He has undertaken projects for organisations such as the SABBSM IV, SASAS 2009/10/11, Love life, SANHHNES and TIPS.
DR GEORGE FREMPONG Dr George Frempong is an African Research Fellow and a chief research specialist in the Education and Skills Development programme. He holds an MA in Mathematics Education and PhD in Curriculum Studies at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Before joining the HSRC in April 2008, he worked as university professor at the University of New Brunswick and York University in Canada where he taught courses in mathematics, mathematics education, educational statistics and quantitative research methods. He has also worked with the Canadian Research Institute of Social Policy (CRISP) at the University of New Brunswick.
His areas of research interest include: mathematics education, school effectiveness, assessment and evaluation, and complex data analysis involving multilevel modeling and Item Response Theory (IRT). Dr Frempong has presented papers in a number of international conferences and has published in a number of international journals. His most recent work, published in The International Journal of Higher Education, explored how schools can compensate for socioeconomic disadvantage in accessing post‐secondary education.
MR MARK FRIER Mark Frier is a graduate of Amherst College in Massachusetts in the class of 1990 and holds post‐graduate degrees from the University of Cape Town. He has worked in the academic library environment since his undergraduate years, having held his first position in libraries as a student assistant at Harvard University’s Langdell Law library in 1989. Mark’s research interests in Librarianship, include a meandering into such areas as Information literacy, the bridging of the north‐south information divide, and bringing marginalised groups into academic discourse communities through the effective use of academic libraries. Some of his most recent work, delivered at a conference in Florence, Italy was entitled: The use of relevant information technology systems to deliver on practical, policy driven research. In April this year, Mark delivered a paper at the 34th Annual IATUL (International Association of Academic and Technical University Libraries) conference in Cape Town. He currently lives in Bellville, outside of Cape Town with his wife and two sons. Mark’s current position is that of Information Specialist at the HSRC.
DR ITUMELENG FUNANI Dr Itumeleng Funani is a Senior Clinical Trail Manager in the Health Promotion Research & Development at the Medical Research Council of South Africa.
MR MICHAEL GASTROW Mr Michael Gastrow is a research specialist in the Education and Skills Development research programme. He holds an MA in Creative Writing from the University of Cape Town and is currently undertaking a PhD at the School of Journalism of the University of Stellenbosch. Before joining the HSRC in 2006 he was an industrial development consultant at B&M Analysts. His areas of research interest include innovation, skills development, and the public relationship with science. Mr Gastrow’s
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publication record includes the authoring and co‐authoring of more than twelve peer‐reviewed journal articles and fourteen conference presentations. His most recent work, as guest editor and contributor of two papers to a Special Issue of Innovation and Development, is focussed on Global Innovation Networks and their links to skills development.
MS SANTHANA GENGIAH Ms Santhana Gengiah is the Project Manager for the VUKA Family Program. She joined the Human and Social Development (HSD) in March 2013. Santhana obtained a Masters in Research Psychology from University of KwaZulu Natal (PMB). She has 7 years of research experience and has coordinated several research projects. Ms Gengiah coordinated the CAP 003 SAPiT Trial which was an important study that impacted ARV Treatment guidelines for the management of HIV‐TB co‐infected patients. Santhana’s research interests include: Assessing the factors that promote patient retention in HIV‐TB programmes, identifying strategies to improve treatment adherence in HIV‐TB co‐infected patients and understanding the reasons for refusal to test for HIV in TB patients.
MS SAFIYYA GOGA Safiyya completed her Master of Arts degree with distinction at the Department of Political and International Studies at Rhodes University. Her MA thesis, titled ‘The silencing of race at Rhodes: ritual and anti‐politics on a post‐apartheid campus’ considers the complexities of racial power in a post‐apartheid context. Her current PhD work is around the construction of subjectivities of middle class Indian Muslim women in the Johannesburg area. Safiyya has worked at the Community Agency for Social Enquiry (CASE) and taught English as a second language in Japan.
MR STEVEN GORDON Steven Gordon is a Research Intern in Democracy and Governance and Service Delivery research programme and is working with the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) survey series. Mr Gordon has a Masters Degree in Global Studies from the University of Freiburg and an Masters Degree in Population Studies from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. He has experience with regard to the micro‐econometric analysis using national attitudinal and household surveys. Mr Gordon is currently doing post‐graduate doctorate degree with the School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. He is working with attitudinal data, using multivariate analysis, to better understand prejudice formation in South Africa.
DR TRYNOS GUMBO Dr Gumbo holds a PhD in Geography and Environmental Studies from the Stellenbosch University (2013). His PhD focused mainly on the application of Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) in understanding urban spatial patterns of businesses in developing countries, particularly in post–colonial African cities. Dr Gumbo also holds master’s of science (2006) and bachelor of science honour’s (2003) degrees in Rural and Urban planning from the University of Zimbabwe. He has attended professional courses in quantitative (SPPS) and spatial (GIS) data analysis. Dr Gumbo’s research interests include public‐private partnerships in resource management and service delivery; innovations in urban resources management for renewable energy generation, pollution control and climate change mitigation; social justice in urban development and management particularly role of urban informality in poverty reduction; impact of urban and rural linkages on migration and urbanisation, development studies in general and lastly the application of GIT in urban planning, development and management. He has attended local and international conferences, presenting his work of which some of the papers have been published by scholarly and refereed journals.
MS YVONNE GWENHURE Yvonne Gwenhure is currently a PhD Research Trainee at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in the Economic Performance and Development unit.
Yvonne’s primary research areas of interest include macroeconomics, economic development, financial development, monetary policy and financial markets with a view of their impacts on unemployment, poverty and inequality.
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Yvonne Gwenhure holds a Master of Commerce degree in Economics from the University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Her research topic was on the Role and contribution of the Money Market towards Financial Development in South Africa. She also holds a Bachelor of Commerce Honours degree in Economics as well as a Bachelor of Commerce degree in Business Management and Economics with the same university.
DR GERARD HAGG Dr Gerard Hagg is a chief research specialist in the Democracy and Governance (D&G) Research Programme. He holds an MA in fine arts and a DLitt et Phil in development studies from the University of South Africa (2001). He specialises in arts and cultural diversity in relation to community development, community arts centres, traditional institutions of governance in relation to modern democracy and identity and cultural diversity in conflict resolution in Africa.
He was manager for the HSRC project Identity and cultural diversity in conflict resolution in Africa from 2006 to 2008, for which he co‐edited the African Journal on Conflict Resolution, Vol. 7 (2). He is co‐manager with Pennsylvania State University of an IDRC funded project in Somaliland, Ethiopia, Kenya and South Africa which focuses on the possible reconciliation of traditional and modern institutions of governance. He also is co‐manager of the project Assessment of the visual arts sector in South Africa for the Department of Arts and Culture; and he is the managing editor of the new HSRC publication Africa Focus 2009‐10
MR DEREK HANEKOM Mr Derek Andre Hanekom is the current Minister of Science and Technology and is a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1994. He completed his schooling in Cape Town and matriculated from Jan van Riebeeck Secondary School in 1970. After completing his compulsory conscription, he worked abroad for various organisations, including working on farms, factories and building sites. He returned to South Africa in his early twenties and continued farming for six years.
After serving a three‐year period in prison, Derek worked with the trade union movement in Johannesburg, until his wife's release from prison in 1987, and subsequent deportation to Zimbabwe. He spent three years in exile in Zimbabwe. During this period Derek served as the co‐ordinator of the Popular History Trust in Harare. Mr Hanekom provided the ANC with information about the apartheid defence force's attempts to overthrow the Mozambican government through the rebel movement, Renamo. This led to their arrest in 1983, initially charged with high treason, but subsequently reduced to lesser charges as a result of the international sensitivity of the case.
He returned to South Africa after the unbanning of political organisations in 1990 to work at the headquarters of the ANC where he was responsible for policy formulation on land and agricultural matters during the period of negotiations prior to the first democratic elections in 1994.Prior to his appointment as Minster of Science and Technology, Mr Hanekom served as Deputy Minister of Science and Technology from 29 April to 3 October 2012; as Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs of the Republic of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 and also as a member of Parliament from 1999 until 2004.
He serves as Deputy Chair of the Board of the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation.
MR TIM HART Tim Hart is a senior research manager at the HSRC’s, Economic Performance and Development Research Programme. He is currently pursuing a D Philosophy in social anthropology at Stellenbosch University. His areas of interest and research include Rural Development, Food Security and Agriculture. He has conducted a number of studies focusing on smallholder agriculture in Uganda and South Africa. More specifically his research has looked at technologies and innovation acceptance in rural areas, indigenous knowledge and its contribution to sustainable development, with special emphasis on its use in agriculture amongst smallholder farmers as a means to improve food security amongst rural communities, participatory research
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methods and their application within development programmes, participatory programme evaluation, and the conceptualisation and design of rural policy and implementation projects.
MS GENEVIEVE HAUPT Genevieve Haupt is a Research Trainee in the ESD Programme at the HSRC. She is currently registered for a PhD with Rhodes University. She holds a Master’s Degree in Research Psychology from the University of the Western Cape. Her Master’s thesis evaluated the group differences and item bias of an adapted English language proficiency test for use in South Africa across the English‐and‐Xhosa‐first language speaking group. Before joining the HSRC in 2009, Genevieve worked as a practice manager at a Private Psychology Practice and registered with the HPCSA as an Independent Psychometrist.
She is currently involved in various projects within ESD where she assists with data management and analysis as well as report writing. The main project she is currently involved is around, promoting higher education‐industry partnerships and collaborations.
DR EBRAHIM HOOSAIN Dr Ebrahim Hoosain is Chief Research Manager in the SAHARA Unit of the HIV/AIDS, STI’s and TB (HAST) Programme. He holds a BSc Degree from the University of Cape Town (UCT), a B Med Sci Degree from the University of Kwa‐Zulu Natal, an MPH Degree from the University of the Western Cape (UWC), a MBChB Degree from the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA) (Date: 1991) and a Diploma in Child Health (DCH [SA]) from the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA).
Before joining the HSRC on 01 April 2011, he was Director of Primary Health Care Services at the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality for 16 years., including 2½ years as Executive Director for Health.
His areas of research interest include: TB/HIV Control ‐ with special emphasis on adherence interventions for TB/HIV treatment, health system strengthening relating to primary health care and the implementation of national health insurance in South Africa.
Dr Hoosain's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of 1 conference poster and 8 scientific articles in peer‐ reviewed journals. His most recent work, published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is “Emergence of Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.” Vol 19, No 3, March 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1903.120246.
DR GREGORY HOUSTON Dr Gregory Houston is a chief research specialist in the Service Delivery, Democracy and Governance research programme. He holds an MA in political studies from the University of the Witwatersrand and a PhD in political science from the University of Natal.
Before joining the HSRC in March 1998 he was a senior lecturer in the Department of Political Studies at the University of Transkei, where he lectured for 12 years. Dr Houston has authored The National Liberation Struggle in South Africa: A case study of the United Democratic front, 1983‐87 (Ashgate, Aldershot, 1999) and co‐edited Public Participation in Democratic Governance in South Africa (HSRC, Pretoria, 2001). His research interests include theoretical and empirical studies of the politics and history of resistance, the South African state, the process of democratic consolidation in South Africa, issues of identity and race, and public participation in political processes. He has written several book chapters, journal articles and research reports on these topics.
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Dr Houston was seconded as executive director to the South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET) until his return to the HSRC in January 2010. SADET is a project trust set up after President Thabo Mbeki indicated concern about the paucity of historical research into South Africa's complex and arduous road to democracy after many years of conflict. The mission of the trust is to conduct research into South Africa's political history since 1960, concluding with the negotiation process. Four volumes of The Road to Democracy in South Africa (Zebra Press, Cape Town, 2004; UNISA Press, Pretoria, 2006; UNISA Press, Pretoria, 2008; UNISA Press, Pretoria, 2010) have already been published by SADET, and Dr Houston has contributed chapters to all four volumes.
MR HILTON HUMPHRIES Hilton Humphries is the project manager for the home‐based/mobile‐ based voluntary counselling and testing study at the Sweetwaters Site near Pietermaritzburg. He has a master’s degree in Research Psychology from the University of KwaZulu‐ Natal, and is currently pursuing his PhD in the area of adolescent health and HIV risk. His previous research experience includes work in the areas of medical male circumcision, adolescent health research, microbicides and HIV counselling and testing. His key research interests include, adolescent health and HIV risk, medical male circumcision and redefining health, risk factors and messaging for young populations.
DR PETER JACOBS Dr Peter Jacobs is a research specialist in the Centre for Poverty, Employment and Growth (CPEG) Programme. He holds an MA in Economics from Fordham University (New York), and obtained a PhD in Economics from the same university in 2002. Before joining the HSRC in May 2007 on a part time secondment, he was a senior lecturer in the Department of Economics at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). He has also worked on land reform policy issues in the Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) at UWC. His areas of research interest include: the economics of agrarian change and rural development, with special emphasis on land reform and small‐scale farming. Dr Jacobs’ publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 20 conference presentations and journal articles. His most recent work, published in the Review of African Political Economy, investigated the link between pro‐poor budgeting and the developmental state in South Africa.
DR LIEZILLE JACOBS Dr Liezille Pretorius is a post‐doctoral research fellow in the Centre for Science, Technology an Innovation Indicators (CeSTII). She holds an MA in Research Psychology at the University of the Western Cape, and obtained a PhD in Research Psychology from the Stellenbosch University.
Before joining the HSRC in January 2011, she was a PhD research intern at the SA Medical Research Council. She has also worked in the area of health promotion. Her areas of research interest include: women's health with a special focus on women's alcohol dependence.
Dr Pretorius's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of several conference presentations and journal articles. Her most recent work, published in Social Work in Public Health, investigated building international research partnerships to develop HIV programmes for women of colour in the context of social inequalities and human rights.
MR JULIAN JACOBS Julian A Jacobs, holds a master’s degree in History from the University of the Western Cape. He has co‐authored one paper and has presented a paper at the 3rd Apartheid Archive conference in 2011. He has worked professionally as a journalist for over 10 years at various media agencies and worked in London as a reporter as a Nuffield Fellow. He has worked for eight years as a science communicator and corporate communications manager at the South African Medical Research Council. Prior to this he was a government communication manager during the Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki presidencies. He has experience in advertising campaigns, community engagement, media liaison, media training, change management,
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knowledge on government policies and is a former trade unionist. He also worked within the NGO environment in the early 1990s.
MR SIYANDA JONAS Mr Siyanda Jonas is Masters Intern at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in the Economic Performance and Development (EPD) unit. He is currently enrolled for Joint African Masters Program in Comparative Local Development at the Tshwane University of Technology.
Before joining the HSRC, he worked as student research assistant at the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation (IERI). His research interests are National Innovation Systems with special reference to local systems of innovation, economic growth with an emphasis on the linkages between city growth, national development and rural development.
MR SEAN JOOSTE Sean Jooste is a senior researcher in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research programme. He holds a Masters degree in Research Psychology from the University of the Western Cape (UWC).
Before joining the HSRC, Sean worked at the Institute for Child and Family Development at UWC, where he was a research assistant.
Sean has experience in social science research, especially in the areas of research design and methodology, and design of research instruments.
MS ANNEKE JORDAAN Anneke Jordaan is a Research Data Curator in the Data Curation Service unit of the Research Data Management Centre of the HSRC.
She has extensive experience in the field of data management and data processing, mainly of quantitative data. In the Research Use unit, she assists and trains research staff to manage research data according to best practice to support the preservation and dissemination of data. This includes: • Curating deposited data and related documentation by validating and checking, • Reviewing and completing structured metadata, • Developing unstructured metadata to describe datasets, • Anonymising data for dissemination purposes and • Preparing preservation and dissemination files.
Anneke is responsible for the quality control of curated data. She mentors and trains curation staff in the unit. She holds a BA degree in the social sciences from the University of Pretoria.
DR JAYA JOSIE Dr Jaya Josie is a senior research manager in the Economic Performance and Development programme. He obtained a PhD in Public Finance and Administration from the University of the Western Cape in September 2011, and from 1992 to 1996 was an MPhil/PhD candidate at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
Dr Jaya Josie is a senior research manager in the Economic Performance and Development programme. He obtained a PhD in Public Finance and Administration from the University of the Western Cape in September 2011, and from 1992 to 1996 was an MPhil/PhD candidate at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
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Dr Josie's publication record comprise the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 50 conference presentations and about 20 publications that include research reports, book chapters and a journal article. From October 2011, he was a research partner with the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) in which capacity he produced two research project reports related to the financing of public infrastructure.
MS ANDREA JUAN Andrea Juan is a PhD Intern in the Education and Skills Development (ESD) research programme at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). She holds a Social Sciences undergraduate degree in Legal Studies and Psychology as well as a Master’s degree in Policy and Development Studies from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her PhD thesis looks at the governance and policy management of Further Education and Training Colleges.
MR ANTHONY KAMINJU Antony Kaminju is trainee researcher at HSRC in the Research Use and Impact Assessment Unit. He is a Masters Candidate in Visual anthropology at Wits University. He is a seasoned Photographer who uses Photography not only as a personal voice but also to question, inform and excite change.
He holds a BA honors in Journalism and Media studies, Wits, and has also lectured in Photography at the school of Journalism unit, Wits. Previously he worked as a news photographer in Nairobi with Nation Media Group of which he was the Photo editor from 2000 to 2005.
He has published in African Identity journal and in local and International media. His work has been exhibited in Europe, Africa and Asia. His work is also part of art collection by the French Development Agency in France and the Wedge Gallery in Toronto, Canada.
PROF. MODIMOWABARWA HENDRICK KANYANE Professor Modimowabarwa Kanyane is Acting Research director at the HSRC. He is a leading researcher in the area of public administration, ethics, performance management, public service delivery and development. Projects include a 2010 World cup social cohesion and legacy audit, the review of State‐Owned Entities (SOEs) for the Presidency and now City Support Programme on issues of community engagement, corruption and social and environmental management for the National Treasury. He is currently a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Public Administration, and serves or served on various professional and advisory bodies related to his areas of expertise. Examples of international recognition include collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on service delivery optimization and a project for leadership capacity building for South Sudanese government officials, supported by the Africa Education Trust (at the University of Fort Hare). Prof. Kanyane is now an Adjunct Professor at University of Fort Hare, well read and published scholar on issues of public administration, management and development.
DR SELMA KARUAIHE Dr Selma Karuaihe is an economist with a vast teaching and research experience of over 15 years, performed at different institutions and in different capacities around the world. Selma worked at the University of Namibia as lecturer and Head of Department for more than a decade, where she taught several courses at undergraduate and graduate levels and supervised various theses. While doing her PhD at Washington State University in the US, Selma was appointed as a research and teaching assistant in the School of Economic Sciences. She also taught at the Summer School of the University of Schmalkalden in Germany. Selma worked at the Centre for Environmental Economics Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria. After CEEPA, she joined the Department of Economic Development, City of Johannesburg as an economist and acted as Senior Economist. She is currently a senior research manager in the Economic Performance and Development (EPD) programme at the HSRC. Her interest is in broad economic development issues arising from sustainable use of natural resources, with a focus on urban and rural water management and pricing issues and resource utilisation. Selma is currently
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coordinating various projects at the EPD. She holds a B.Com degree from the University of Namibia, a Masters degree from Addis Ababa University, and a PhD from Washington State University in the US.
DR ERNEST KHALEMA Dr Ernest Nene Khalema is a Senior Research Specialist (SRS) at the Department of Human and Social Development department at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). His areas of research are in the area of migration, development/population studies, health disparities, social wellbeing, social cohesion, and community development having lead research projects in Canada, Brazil, and South Africa. His recently published book entitled: “Africa Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Exploring the Multidimensional Discourses on Development” (Cambridge Scholars Publishing: 2013) unearths development dynamics in specific African countries, examines the continent’s external relations, rethinks predominant ideas on development, and engages in critical examination of concepts and practices that have maintained hegemonic positions in the discussions on Africa’s development.
DR LUCIA KNIGHT Dr Lucia Knight is a Researcher for Project SIZE. She holds a Masters in Population Studies from the University of KwaZulu‐ Natal, and is soon to complete her PhD from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Before joining the HSRC in February 2010, she was registered full‐time for her PhD at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Her areas of research interest include: household‐level impact of HIV and AIDS; chronic illness and social policy; poverty and social policy; children and social policy; family demography as well as qualitative methodology.
DR GLENDA KRUSS‐VAN DER HEEVER Dr Glenda Kruss is a director in the Education and Skills Development programme. She holds a Masters at the University of Cape Town and obtained a DPhil from the University of Ulster in 1992.
Before joining the HSRC in June 2001, she was Associate Professor at the University of the Western Cape. Her areas of research interest include: higher education, innovation and development, exploring the issue of responsiveness to economic and social needs, and the contribution of the post‐school sector to skills development strategies. She has collaborated widely on comparative projects with research teams in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe, and led large scale projects for national government departments.
Dr Kruss’s publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 40 conference presentations and 20 journal articles, as well as two books and a number of research monographs. Her most recent work, published in the Journal of Development Studies, investigated universities and knowledge‐based development in sub‐Saharan Africa.
MR TAKURA KUPAMUPINDI Mr Takura Kupamupindi is a Statistician at the rank of Senior Researcher in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation research unit. He holds a Bsc in Statistics and Mathematics, a Honours in Mathematics and a Master of Philosophy in Demography. Before joining the HSRC in February 2013, Mr Kupamupindi was a statistics lecturer at Cape Peninsular University of Technology. His area of interest is in: Data management, survey methodology, health statistics and demography.
PROF. DEMETRE LABADARIOS Professor Demetre Labadarios is the Executive Director of the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (PHHSI) research programme.
Prior to his current position, Prof. Labadarios was the Head of the Department of Human Nutrition of the University of Stellenbosch, the founder and Director of the Nutrition Information Centre at the University of Stellenbosch (NICUS), the
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Director of the African Micronutrient Research Group at the University of Stellenbosch and the Director of the Nutrition Support Team at the Tygerberg Academic Hospital in the Western Cape Province.
He completed his undergraduate and doctoral studies in Nutrition/Biochemistry at the University of Surrey, England, and his medical studies at the University of Stellenbosch with distinctions in Pharmacology, Microbiology/Immunology as well as in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
His interests centre on national surveys, social determinants of health and nutrition, nutrition training, nutrition support, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and nutrient requirements as altered by disease and the environment. He is the author/co‐author of more than 250 scientific publications. Prof. Labadarios has also co‐authored the books Pocket Manual of Clinical Nutrition, Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition and the Epidemiology of Nutritional Diseases in Greece and Clinical Nutrition: Early intervention He is the founder and Editor‐in‐Chief of the South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the African Editor of Nutrition: The International Journal of Nutritional Sciences, the President of the South African Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Honorary Professor Extraordinaire at the University of Limpopo, reviewer for a number of national and international peer reviewed Journals, and an elected Fellow of the American College of Nutrition.
He has established collaborative networks with Angola, Swaziland, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Malawi, Zambia, Mali, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Benin, Zimbambwe, Liberia, Eritrea, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Algiers and Botswana and has extended expertise and facilities to these countries for the completion of nutrition research related national surveys. He has also served as a consultant to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations? Children Fund (UNICEF) and International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) of the United Nations, and provided technical support to national surveys sponsored by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)
MS TEBELLO LETSEKHA Ms Tebello Letsekha is a researcher in the Education and Skills Development programme. She holds a BA (Hons) in Industrial and Economic Sociology at Rhodes University and obtained an MA in Industrial and Economic Sociology from the same university in 2012. Her Master's research, Portrait of a Scholar: Ruth First the Teacher and Academic, focused on the sociological works of South African scholar‐activist Ruth First.
Before joining the HSRC on the 1st of July 2012 she was a fulltime PhD candidate at Rhodes University. Her PhD research on Africanising higher education social science curricula aims to develop a framework to inform implementation decisions regarding the integration of endogenous knowledge into social science curricula.
Before joining the HSRC on the 1st of July 2012 she was a fulltime PhD candidate at Rhodes University. Her PhD research on Africanising higher education social science curricula aims to develop a framework to inform implementation decisions regarding the integration of endogenous knowledge into social science curricula. Her areas of research interest include curriculum development and transformation, educational policy and life history research.
DR LUCIA LÖTTER RDMC unit Manager Research Use, Human Sciences Research Council
Within the Research Use and Impact Assessment (RIA) programme of the HSRC, Lucia Lötter manages the Research Use unit. This unit is responsible for the preservation and dissemination of quantitative and qualitative social science research data. Her focus is on establishing the technology and processes for the implementation of data curation throughout the organisation. She developed a framework that addresses the people, process and technology requirements for data preservation and dissemination within the context of a data producer, such as the HSRC.
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She is involved in various initiatives to promote data curation in South Africa, including participation in the Network of Data and Information Curation Communities (NeDICC), training initiatives of the University of Pretoria, as well as a pilot project around preservation management of social science data in collaboration with the Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC). Lucia is actively involved in capacity building by consulting with stakeholders in the South African research community and presents data management and data documentation training.
Lucia holds a PhD degree in social sciences from the University of Pretoria. She has research experience and presented training in quantitative and qualitative data analysis software, as well as in the processing of quantitative social science data. She also has experience in the development of relational database systems in a corporate environment and was instrumental in the development of a comprehensive research management system for the HSRC.
DR JULIA LOUW Dr Julia S. Louw is a Post Doctoral Fellow appointed at the level of Research Specialist in the HAST programme at HSRC in Pretoria. Her areas of research focus on HIV/AIDS and TB, childhood sexuality and issues related to disabilities. She holds a PhD in Rehabilitation Counseling from Michigan State University in the US. MSU awarded her with the Nelson Mandela scholarship in 2007 after she received a Ford Foundation scholarship to complete the PhD. Her PhD dissertation focused on teachers and child care providers' views of teaching HIV and AIDS programmes to learners with disabilities in Special Schools.
She conducted research on a number of projects, including the Health of our Educators, the South Africa HIV Prevalence and Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey, loveLife Evaluation Survey, Pregnant‐Mother‐To‐Child‐Transmission Implementation study and most recently as a project director on the `Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) for harmful alcohol use among TB patients study. Prior to completing the PhD, she worked as a Senior Researcher in the office of the CEO at the HSRC in Cape Town.
She completed her Masters degree (in Research Psychology) and undergraduate degrees (BA and BA Honors in Psychology), at the University of the Western Cape. Julia has presented at numerous conferences in South Africa and United States, and published a number of peer‐reviewed articles on professional identity in the field of rehabilitation, sexuality and youth with disabilities, alcohol use among pregnant women, quality of life among tuberculosis patients and self‐efficacy and self‐esteem among youth.
PROF. PHINDILE LUKHELE‐OLORUNJU Professor Phindile E. Lukhele‐Olorunju is currently Interim CEO at Africa Institute of South. She holds the following qualifications: BSc Agriculture 1978 (Swaziland), MSc Plant Breeding 1982 (Nigeria) and PhD Plant Breeding/ Virology 1990 (USA). Professor Lukhele‐Olorunju is an internationally respected Scientist, Researcher, Administrator and Educator. In alignment with this, she has worked as a researcher and academic at universities in Swaziland, Nigeria, South Africa and the United States of America.
As Director of Research with the Africa Institute, she is one of the most senior administrators. Other experiences include national, regional and international consulting and management of international agricultural projects, collaborative research journals, projects with various Institutions and the University of Georgia (USA).
It is further important to note that, Professor Lukhele‐Olorunju managed three research institutions, as Group Executive, at the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa from 2002 to 2008. Professor Lukhele‐Olorunju has published and continues to publish in peer‐reviewed national, regional and international journals.
DR OLIVIA LWABUKUNA Dr Olivia Lwabukuna is a researcher based at the Africa Institute of South Africa. She has previously worked as a researcher and lecturer at the University of Pretoria. She is an advocate by training and holds an LLB, LLM, LLD (UNISWA, UCT, U.PRET.).
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DR MUSA MABASO Dr Musa Mabaso is a senior research specialist in the epidemiology unit of HIV/AIDS SITIs and TB (HAST) programme at the Human Science Research Council (HSRC). He holds a MSc in Medical Parasitology from the University of Natal, and obtained a PHD in Epidemiology from the University of Basel, Switzerland.
Before joining the HSRC in April 2010, he was a specialist scientist at the South African Medical Research Council, where he was investigating the spatial and temporal aspects of malaria epidemiology and control. He has authored and co‐authored several publications in peer reviewed journals, attended a number of local and international conferences, reviewed journal articles, supervised junior staff members and postgraduate students.
His areas of research interest include: infectious disease epidemiology and control, application of spatial‐temporal models and geographic information systems (GIS) for disease mapping, climate change and human health.
MS LIZZIE MABOTJA Lizzy Mabotja holds a Master’s degree in Development Management from Ruhr University in Germany and is writing up her second Masters in Public Administration at the University of Western Cape. Her master’s research topic was on the impact of the decentralization on service delivery, with a focus on primary health care services, in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province. Lizzy is an emerging scholar who is at ease working across at least three disciplinary boundaries: Political Studies, Public Administration and Economic Development. More formally, her academic expertise could probably be classified as ‘Political Economy of Development’ which promotes an interdisciplinary approach to research. As a development management graduate Lizzy is interested in the institutional dynamics of how multi‐helix partnerships construct and deconstruct development. After the Youth Driven Development project Lizzy is now working as a Researcher on the labour market intelligence partnership project at the HSRC’s, Education and Skills Development Unit.
MRS SPHINDILE MACHANYANGWA Ms Sphindile Machanyangwa ‐ Sphindile Machanyangwa has recently joined the HSRC as a Research Assistant in the Human and Social Development unit; she is currently working on the VUKA family program. Sphindile’s career background is in counseling psychology. She is also completing her dissertation towards a Master’s degree in Psychology at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her dissertation interest is in Leaders’ responses to HIV/AIDS in a select sample of CESA churches. Other research interests are around children growing up in fatherless households, the concept of hope in HIV+ youth.
MR VINCENT MADUNA Vincent Maduna is a currently at the HSRC as a Master Research Trainee for the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) Research Programme. He is currently at studying towards completing his Master’s Degree in Statistics at the University of the Free State. He has worked for the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) were he started as intern and ended up becoming a Data Analyst. He has created data management and dataset at the DBE. At both NRF and DBE he has played a role in ensure that the statistics of reports are accurate and reliable also are easily understand by both internal and external stakeholders. He has lead Data cleaning teams for two National survey SABSSM IV and SANHANES as well as he has been involves in the analysis of the reports for the both surveys.
MS HOPE MAGIDIMISHA Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha is a registered profession planner with SACPLAN –A/1678/2013 who holds a Masters Degree in Town and Regional Planning from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her first degree is in Geography and Environment which she also obtained from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her passion of the built environment saw her obtaining in qualification in Project Management. She is currently pursuing her PhD in Town and Regional Planning with UKZN with the major focus on spatial Planning or Land Use.
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Since leaving the university she had worked in different portfolios but with a major focus on research work. Since 2009, she has been employed as a PhD intern by the Human Science Research Council and she is based in Durban. Her stint with this organized has exposed her to both national and international work. At national level, she had participated in national survey such as Gauteng Territorial review with the main focus on environmental factors, National Research and Experimental Development (R&D) survey, National Knowledge Economy indicators survey, National Innovation survey and Free State Growth Development Strategies. At the moment Ms Magidimisha she is working on a collaboration project between researcher from the Center for the Analysis of South African Social Policy (CASASP) at the University of Oxford and South African Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). The current project is closely link with her PhD degree. As a researcher, she has already published articles in peer‐reviewed journals. She also published a book which focuses on Urban agriculture in Kwa‐Mashu. In addition, she has presented papers at national and international conferences.
MR MATTHEWS MAKGAMATHA Mr Matthews Makgamatha is a Chief Researcher in the Education and Skills Development research programme. He holds an MSc in research psychology from the University of the Witwatersrand. His expertise include: project management, instrument development (Curriculum‐based language tests, questionnaires, interview schedules), large‐scale testing / assessment / evaluation, fieldwork management and languages and literacy research.
Mr Makgamatha is the author and co‐author of several client reports, a book chapter and languages assessment resource or tools for teachers of Foundation and Intermediate Phases. Some of his research experience includes participating in the Early English Reading Attainment project in one district of the Gauteng Department of Education (i.e. the then Benoni/Brakpan district), co‐ordinating large scale testing component of the district Assessment Modelling Initiative project in four provinces over three years, involving more than 500 schools (Assessment Modelling Initiative Project), co‐ordinating the development Assessment Resource Banks for English (first additional language) for the Foundation Phase (i.e. grades 1 to 3) and Intermediate Phase (grades 4 to 6). He has also participated in the development of Grade 3 systemic evaluation language instruments / test, managed the coding or scoring of Grade 6 systemic evaluation scripts and participated in the report writing processes. He has been a project leader of a longitudinal evaluation of the Molteno Projects literacy improvement project at the Foundation Phase (Grades 1 to 3). Mr Makgamatha has also participated in the Limpopo Department of Education’s research project/study on how language is used as a gate‐keeping mechanism to the admission of learners in schools. He also managed the coding or scoring of the Grade 8 Western Cape Education Department’s large scale assessment conducted in 2006.
Between 2008 and 2011 he took part in the following Royal Netherland Embassy (RNE) sponsored studies: the development of a computerised classroom assessment tool for teachers called TARMII; the review of teachers classroom assessment practices in South African schools; standard setting and the national assessment of learner achievement. He is currently involved in the evaluation of the TARMII system and the national Department of Basic Education?s Annual National Assessment of Literacy, Languages and Numeracy, Mathematics competences of all foundation and intermediate phase learners in South African schools.
DR RASIGAN MAHARAJH Rasigan Maharajh is the Chief Director of the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation in the Faculty of Economics and Finance at Tshwane University of Technology. His primary research foci include the political economy, innovation systems and public policies in the context of the global knowledge commons, economic development, social cohesion and democratic governance.
Rasigan re‐joined academia in 2004, after various activist deployments including as: Head of Policy at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1997 ‐ 2004); and, National Coordinator of the Science and Technology Policy Transition Project for South Africa’s first democratic government (1995 ‐ 1997).
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Prior to 1995, and whilst formally engaged in adult education and human development variously as: Senior Researcher at the Education Policy Unit of the University of Natal (1994); National Coordinator and Researcher at Operation Upgrade of Southern Africa (1993); Research Assistant at the Macro‐Education Policy Unit of the University of Durban‐Westville (1992); Research Assistant and Desk‐Top Publisher at the Labour and Community Project of the South African Council for Higher Education (1988 ‐ 1990); and Casual Labourer at Pick and Pay Supermarkets (1985 ‐ 1987); Rasigan simultaneously held elected leadership positions within the organised student, youth and labour structures of the United Democratic Front, the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the African National Congress.
Rasigan graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the Forskningspolitiska Institutet of Lund University in Sweden. He is also an alumnus of the University of KwaZulu‐Natal and Harvard University.
Rasigan has produced and contributed to numerous monographs, peer‐reviewed articles in accredited scientific journals, chapters in academic books and other seminars and colloquia. He serves on the editorial boards of scientific journals, is an active peer reviewer for at least five other academic publications and is a frequent member of scientific committees for international conferences.
Rasigan holds appointments to the governing boards of several public and private enterprise, and is also a Ministerial Representative to the Council of Rhodes University (2012 – 2017). He is an elected Senator of Tshwane University of Technology (2012 – 2015).
Rasigan is an active member of the Global Network for the Economics of Learning, Innovation and Competence‐building Systems (Globelics) and serves on the Scientific Board for the Africa Region (AfricaLICS).
Rasigan is a member of the Steering Group of the South Africa Forum for International Solidarity where he convenes the Working Group on Foreign Policy. He is also the Interim Coordinator of the Campaign to Advance a Global Citizens Movement for a Great Transition.
Rasigan has also worked in and presented his research in over thirty countries. He has been a Visiting Professor and Researcher in Brazil, Cuba, Kenya, India, and Sweden whilst also holding concurrent faculty appointments at the Sustainability Institute and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST); both affiliated to Stellenbosch University.
PROF. SEHLARE MAKGETLANENG Dr Sehlare Makgetlaneng is a Chief Researcher Specialist and Head of the Governance and Security Programme at the Africa Institute of South Africa. He holds PhD in Political Science with African Politics, Comparative Politics, Political Economy and International Relations as sub‐fields. He has researched and written widely on the South African economic transformation, South Africa‐Africa political, economic and trade relations, Southern African regional integration, foreign policy of African countries towards developed countries, the United States foreign policy towards Africa, Africa’s development initiatives from the Lagos Plan of Action to the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, socio‐political and economic conflicts and reconstruction and development of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zimbabwe. His research interests are African socio‐political and economic transformation, African continental and Southern African regional integration, the role of political governance in Africa’s development and democracy, South Africa’s Africa policy, the United States Africa policy, the relationship between internal and external factors in African politics, the relationship between the state and ruling parties in Africa and reconstruction and development of Zimbabwe. He is concerned with key issues in international affairs and how they affect South Africa, Southern Africa and the African continent.
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PROF. MONDE MAKIWANE Dr Monde Makiwane is a senior research specialist in the Human and Social Development research programme. He holds an MA in psychology at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, and obtained a PhD in demography from the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa (1998)
Before joining the HSRC in 2003, he was a lecturer at Walter Sisulu University. His areas of research interest include: ageing, fertility, teenage sexuality and social security.
Dr Makiwane's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring a number of international and national conference presentations and a number of journal articles. His most recent work, published in Journal of Aging and Social policy, investigated the role of older persons in Mpumalanga households.
DR MOKHANTŠO MAKOAE Dr Mokhantšo Makoae is a senior research specialist in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation research programme at the HSRC. Her current areas of research interest include: child well‐being with focus on the prevention of child maltreatment; the use of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) for diagnosis of non‐fatal child maltreatment and child access to statutory care; adolescent health; family care for chronically ill patients including people living with HIV/AIDS.
Her most recent publications include: Child Maltreatment Prevention Readiness assessment in South Africa. (2012, The World Health Organisation, Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability. Geneva); Makoae, M., Richter, L.M., & Jubber, K. Child maltreatment prevention and the ethic of care. In van Nierkerk, A., Suffla, S. & Seedat, M. (eds) Crime, Violence and Injury in South Africa: 21st Century Solutions for Child Safety. Psychological Society of South Africa: Houghton. Pp.67‐83; and Makoae, M.G. (2012) Child maltreatment relational diagnosis using ICD codes: Considerations for low and middle income settings. In Stephen R.H. Beach, Richard E. Heyman, Amy Smith Slep & Heather Foran (eds) Family Problems and Family Violence. Reliable assessment and the ICD‐11. Springer Publishing Company, New York.
MR ELIAS MAKONKO Mr Elias Makonko is an MSc research trainee in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research unit. He holds a BSc degree in Statistics and Mathematics at the University of Pretoria (2006), and BSc Honours degree in Statistics at the University of Limpopo (2009). Before joining the HSRC in January 2009, he was an Assistant Statistical Officer at Statistics South Africa, and a teaching assistant at the University of Pretoria. His areas of research interest include: Survey designs, analysis of health surveys, Impact evaluation of HIV/AIDS programmes and Biostatistics.
DR TAWANDA MAKUSHA Tawanda Makusha is a Post‐Doctoral Fellow in the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). He holds a PhD and an MA in Development Studies from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. He did his Doctoral studies on the determinants of father involvement in KwaZulu‐Natal, drawing on the reports of men, women and children. His areas of research interest are in parenting, families and fathers; the impact of poverty and HIV/AIDS on children and families. Tawanda has co‐published peer reviewed journal articles and book chapters on fatherhood, men and masculinities in South Africa.
PROF. THELMAH MALULEKE Professor Thelmah Maluleke is a Chief Research Specialist in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation at the Human Sciences Research Council. She is an NRF rated researcher. Her research work is mainly on sexual health, health promotion, gender and indigenous knowledge systems. She holds a Doctor of Literature and Philosophy degree from the University of South Africa, an MSc (International Health) from Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh (Scotland), Hons BA Cur UNISA and B. Cur I et. A (MEDUNSA). She has promoted and supervised doctoral thesis and masters dissertations respectively. She has a long list of presentations in national and international conferences, published peer reviewed journal
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articles, book chapters and a book on Indigenous knowledge systems, youth, sexual health, women’s health and HIV and AIDS.
MS HLOKOMO MANGQALAZA Hlokoma Mangqalaza studied for her undergraduate degree at the Tshwane University of Technology where she obtained a B.Tech in Economics. She is in the process of completing her Master’s Degree, majoring in Local Development and Innovation with the same university and the University of Trento (Italy). Her thesis was on "The economic worth of domestic workers in South Africa". Hlokoma is interested in Rural Innovation Systems and the analysis of the impact of innovation on marginalised rural communities. With the experience she has gained on the Youth Driven Development project Hlokoma is looking forward to graduating at the end of the year and furthering her career as an emerging young researcher. After the Youth Driven Development project Hlokoma is now working as a Junior Researcher on a rural innovation project at the HSRC’s, Economic Performance and Development Unit.
MS ZANDILE MASANGO Zandile Masango is a Masters intern at the HSRC in the HAST programme. She is currently working on her dissertation for her MA in Development Studies. Her research interests include condom use in heterosexual relationships, relationship dynamics, adolescent sexual behaviours and HIV/AIDS and social policy and development.
DR BATLILE MASEKO Dr Batlile Maseko is a Post‐doctoral Research Fellow in the HIV/AIDS, STI and TB research programme. He holds a Diploma in Medical Technology (1981), a National Higher Diploma in Medical Technology at Peninsula Technikon (1990), a B.Sc. (Med) (Hon) at MEDUNSA (2003), an MPH at the University of Venda for Science and Technology (2006) and a DrPH at the University of Limpopo (2012).
Before joining the HSRC, he was employed as a training coordinator at the Eastern Cape Regional Training Centre (ECRTC), Walter Sisulu University (2010 to Feb 2013). Prior to that, he was employed as a Medical technologist by the same organisation (ECRTC, WSU) 2005‐2010. From 19995 to 2005, he was a Managing Member at P. Maseko and Associates – a Medical Technologists practice. He was previously employed as a laboratory manager at Malamulele Hospital laboratory from 1982 to 1995.
In 1991, he was awarded a three months scholarship by the Education Opportunities Council (EOC) to participate in a South African Career Development Fellowship Programme at the University of California, Irvine, where he studied clinical laboratory operations and management.
He has conducted research in the following areas (not published): • An evaluation of the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS education intervention programme amongst grade 11 learners at Malamulele education are of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province of South Africa • Antiretroviral treatment programme outcomes scenarios in South Africa in the next two decades: an ethnographic‐ Delphi futures research
Presently, he is part of a team collaborating with ILO on a 10 country study on what works in HIV and AIDS workplace initiative, Method of Prevention Packages programme (MP3), and he is a programme manager for the Rapid Review of selected retailers in implementing HIV and AIDS workplace and outreach programme study.
MS THANDOKAZI MASETI Thandokazi Maseti is a DST/NRF Masters Research Intern based at the office of the DCEO:R, Human Sciences Research Council under the mentoring of Dr Christa Van Zyl. Before joining the HSRC she was a student at the University of Western Cape and currently holds a Master’s degree in Research Psychology.
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Her areas of research interest include: Gender, sexuality, culture and feminism. Thando’s research interests draw from the research work she has done in her Master’s thesis on attitudes and beliefs toward lesbianism.
At the HSRC she is responsible for the execution of required administrative tasks associated with particular research projects and assists with unit research, support and project management duties. Thando is also working closely with the Human Social Development and Education Skill Development units where she is assisting in research‐related work such as Proposal and report writing, data collection, data capturing, data analysis and literature searches.
MS LEBOGANG MASHILE Lebogang Mashile Runganga is a Masters research trainee at the HSRC, at the Economic Performance and Development (EPD) unit. She holds a Bcom (Hons) in Agribusiness management and is currently studying towards an Mcom in Agricultural Economics and her research interests include food security, gender related issues, agricultural policy, international trade, rural development, value chain analysis as well as other policy issues.
DR TEMBA MASILELA Dr Masilela, is the Deputy CEO of Research at the Human Science Research Council (HSRC), South Africa. His wide‐ranging research interests include social policy, public management reform, social innovation, research communication, the research‐ policy nexus, and stakeholder engagement. He was the founding director of the Policy Analysis Unit at the HSRC and was previously the executive director of the Policy Analysis & Capacity Enhancement cross‐cutting programme at the HSRC. Before joining the HSRC in July 2006, he worked for a number of years as a special adviser to the minister of social development in the government of South Africa. He has also worked in the areas of corporate citizenship and reputation management, in both commercial (Telkom SA Ltd) and academic settings (Centre for Corporate Citizenship, University of South Africa). Dr Masilela holds an MA and PhD degree in development support communication from the University of Iowa, and a BA degree in economics and politics from the University of Nairobi. He started his working life as a journalist in Kenya and taught research methods, media policy, health communication, and editing for a number of years at the School of Journalism at Rhodes University.
MS BELINDA MASWIKWA Belinda Maswikwa is a Doctoral Research Trainee in the HIV/AIDS, STI’s and TB (HAST) unit at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in Durban; and a Maternal and Child Health Equity (MACHEquity) Research Fellow with the Institute for Health and Social Policy (IHSP) at McGill University in Canada. She has a Bachelor of Commerce degree in Economics and Risk management from the University of South Africa (Cum Laude); a Master of Arts degree in International Relations from Stellenbosch University (Cum Laude); a Master of Arts degree in Global Development Studies from Queen’s University in Canada (3.68 GPA) and is currently reading for a PhD in Political science at Stellenbosch University. Her dissertation examines how social policies aimed at empowering women in the private sphere impact women and children’s health. Prior to joining the HSRC, Ms. Maswikwa worked as a Research Assistant for the Southern African Migration Project in Kingston, Canada where she examined medical tourism to South Africa, as well as the Zimbabwean‐Canadian Diaspora’s capacity and willingness to contribute to Zimbabwe’s economic development. Belinda’s main research interests are gender, health, migration, citizenship rights and HIV/AIDS. Publications Crush, J. Chikanda, A. and Maswikwa, B. 2012. “Patients Without Borders: Medical Tourism and Medical Travel in Southern Africa” in SAMP Migration Policy Series No. 57. SARC: Queen’s University and Idasa: Cape Town. Crush, J. Chikanda, A. and Maswikwa, B. 2012. “The Zimbabwean Diaspora in Canada” in SAMP Migration Policy Series No. 62. SARC: Queen’s University and Idasa: Cape Town. Crush, J. Chikanda, A. and Maswikwa, B. 2012. “Medical Tourism and Medical Travel, the Case of South Africa” in R. Labonté. R. Deonandan. C. Packer. And V. Runnels (eds.). Travelling Well: Essays in Medical Tourism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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Crush, J. Pendleton, W. Chikanda, A. Eberhardt, C. and Caesar, M. and Maswikwa, B. 2011. The SADC Diaspora in Canada: Narratives of Engagement and Disengagement. Project Report submitted to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC): Ottawa. (Unpublished). Maswikwa, B. and Herman, H. (eds). 2008. The China Monitor Issue 33: China’s Peacekeeping Presence in Africa. Centre for Chinese Studies: Stellenbosch. Maswikwa, B. and Herman, H. (eds). 2008. The China Monitor Issue 33: China’s Peacekeeping Presence in Africa. Centre for Chinese Studies: Stellenbosch.
MS GLADYS MATSEKE Ms Gladys Matseke is a research trainee in the HIV/AIDS, STIS and TB Unit. She holds a Masters degree in Public Health obtained through the University of Pretoria, and intends doing her PHD studies in public health as well. Her areas of research interest include: behaviour change interventions for health promotion, especially in the area of HIV prevention and risk reduction.
MS VANDUDZAI MBANDA Ms Vandudzai Mbanda is currently in the Economic Performance and Development unit. She holds an Honours in Economics from the University of Zimbabwe, and a Master's in Economics from the University Pretoria (2008). Before joining the HSRC in January 2010, she was a researcher and assistant lecturer at the University of Pretoria. Her areas of research interest include: Economy‐wide general equilibrium modelling, poverty analysis, resource economics and applied econometrics.
PROF. NHLANHLA MBATHA Prof. Nhlanhla Mbatha is Chief Research Manager in the Education and Skills Development Programme. He holds a PhD in Economics at Rhodes University, South Africa (2007)
Before joining the HSRC in April 2012 he was Associate Professor of Economics at University of South Africa (Unisa). He has also worked as a research consultant in the areas of international trade and water resources management.
His areas of research interest include: agricultural exports, labour markets, natural resources management and economic research methods.
Dr Mbatha’s publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 20 technical and scientific research articles. His most recent work, published in Agrekon, investigated the benefits of cooperating in the land redistribution process in South Africa.
MS NTOMBIZODWA MBELLE Ms Ntombizodwa Mbelle is a research project manager in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research programme. She obtained a BPaed from Fort Hare University, an MA ELT from Thames Valley University in the UK, and an MPH from Medunsa. Ms Mbelle also has an MAP from Wits Business School. Most of her career has been in project management.
Before joining the HSRC, she worked as a project manager for the South African HIV Vaccine Action Campaign, which is part of the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative based at the Medical Research Council. In this post she supervised the ethical, legal, human rights, scientific, educational, community mobilisation and advocacy units. She also commissioned research and evaluation.
She is currently developing her proposal towards a PhD degree on issues relating to recruitment and retainment of HIV vaccine clinical trials.
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PRUDENCE MDLETSHE Prudence Thandeka Mdletshe: is a MA Research Psychology student at the University of the Witwatersrand. Her interests are in young people and how they negotiate the construction of their identity. In particular focusing on factors such as sexuality, gender, poverty in the construction of identity. Prudence has been involved in a few research projects that have one thing in common, which is speaking for those who do not have a voice to speak for themselves. This she has done in collaboration with the other researchers at the university of the Witwatersrand. She has worked with Dr Nduna on research which focused on the attitude that young people have on the female condom, and in the same study she looked at the dominant norms that influence the way that young people think.. She has also presented her work in a few conferences. She is currently investigating the strategies that young girls use to cope with absent and unknown fathers.
FEZILE MDLULI Fezile Mdluli holds a BSc Hons in Microbiology from the University of Kwazulu‐Natal (KZN), she is currently busy with her MA in Agriculture ‐ Food Security at the same university. Her master’s thesis focused on Food Safety as a pillar of Food Security, she evaluated the microbial quality of irrigation water and produce of small‐scale farmers belonging to the uMbumbulu Agri‐ Hub in rural KZN. Following from her MA research Fezile has developed a passion for sustainable livelihoods through food security. Since completing the Youth Driven Development project Fezile is now employed as a teaching assistant at UNISA where she teaches a first level module on how communication technologies can be used for developmental solutions.
MS VUYELWA MEHLOMAKHULU Ms Vuyelwa Mehlomakulu is a Research Manager (PhD intern) in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Programme based in the Pretoria office. She holds a Master's degree in Psychology from the University of Stellenbosch, and a Masters in Public Health (MPH) degree from the University of Cape Town. She is currently pursuing a Doctorate (PhD) degree focusing on Stigma and HIV. Her areas of research interest include: HIV interventions, Masculine sexuality and HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS prevention (Microbicides and Condom use), and HIV and Mental Health.
TAMLYNNE MEYER Ms. Tamlynne Meyer is a junior researcher in the Education and Skills Development programme at the HSRC. She holds a Master’s in Public Policy and Administration from the University of Cape Town. Before joining the HSRC in September 2012, she was a research intern in the Governance and Corruption division at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Cape Town. Her work at the ISS was on conflicts of interests of public officials and state intelligence. Her areas of research interest include: public administration, gender disparities in the workplace, human rights and more recently professions and artisanal occupations.
PROF. THENJIWE MEYIWA Thenjiwe Meyiwa, and NRF‐rated social scientist is a Research Director at the HSRC’s Education and Skills Development Programme. Prior to joining the HSRC she was a research professor at Walter Sisulu University (Mthatha, Eastern Cape) and earlier, the Director for University of KwaZulu‐Natal’s (UKZN) Gender Studies. She is also currently an honorary professor at UKZN. Her areas of research interest are cultural constructions of gender; rural and transformative education – with an interest in the following areas; demonstrated by her publications in: Contemporary human behavioural patterns, motherhood, Durban‐based refugees, and the impact of HIV/AIDS on parenting, women and home care givers. She has published national and international journal articles and book chapters in these research areas. Meyiwa has more than 15 years’ experience of gender training, research development and policy analysis. She has worked in South Africa and internationally with organisations and research teams ranging from government organisations, universities and human rights NGOs
MRS ALEX MHULA Alexandra Mhula is a Junior Researcher at EPD unit. She has finished Master Degree in Economics at University of Western Cape and her Master’s thesis topic was “Science Parks as an instrument to promote knowledge‐based economy in
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Mozambique”. Her research interests are innovation and development, knowledge economy and ICTs. Alexandra is currently working on RIAT project which is a Rural Innovation Assessment Toolbox to be developed for Department of Science and Technology. She has a passion for languages and fluently speaks 3 languages namely Russian, Portuguese and English.
MS MOTLATSO MLAMBO Motlatso Gladys Mlambo is a Chief Researcher in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) research programme. She holds Masters Degree in Linguistics which she obtained from the University of Limpopo. She has also completed an Advanced Project Management course with Damelin College. Before joining the HSRC, Ms Mlambo worked as a Research Manager and later as a Policy specialist for the Mvula Trust NGO. She has worked extensively on public health research projects since 1998 to date. Her research interest is therefore on the social aspects of HIV/AIDS and medical communication. Ms Mlambo has authored and co‐authored papers published in peer‐reviewed journals in the area of HIV/AIDS. She is currently a PhD trainee and her dissertation is on the experiences of HIV positive women participating on the PMTCT programme in the Nkangala District, Mpumalanga Province.
MS BONGIWE MNCWANGO Ms Bongiwe Mncwango is a senior researcher in the Education and Skills Development Research Programme. She holds an MA in industrial sociology from the University Witwatersrand. Her areas of interest include labour market analysis with special emphasis on the new forms of work, the changing quality of work, and emotions in the work place, particularly in the service industry.
She has undertaken projects for organisations such as the South African National Roads Agency, National Film and Video Foundation of South Africa, THETA and Statistics SA.
MS REFILOE MOHLAKOANA Miss Refiloe Mohlakoana is a master’s intern in the Education and Skills Development research programme. She has a BA (Hons) in Social sciences and currently enrolled for Masters in Higher Education at the University of the Western Cape. Refiloe Mohlakoana is based in HSRC Pretoria. She is working on the Tarmii_fp project, under the supervision of DR Frempong and Dr Motha.
MR THOLANG MOKHELE Mr Tholang Mokhele is a Chief GIS Researcher in Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (PHHSI) research programme of HSRC. He holds an MSc with Distinction from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Durban. Before joining the HSRC, he was a tutor and demonstrator for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing courses at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal for a period of two and half years. He also worked for the Aids Foundation of South Africa as a research intern. His areas of research interest include GIS and Remote Sensing applications in: socioeconomics, spatial statistics, environmental monitoring & assessment, agriculture and health. Mr Mokhele's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of several reports, conference presentations and journal articles. His recent work is the co‐ authoring of a book chapter on social cohesion in the State of Nation 2012‐2013.
DR ZITHA MOKOMANE Dr Zitha Mokomane is a senior research specialist in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation programme. She holds an MA and PhD in demography, both at the Australian National University.
Before joining the HSRC in April 2001, she was a senior lecturer in the Department of Population Studies at the University of Botswana. She has also consulted for a number of governments and national and international organisations on various social and demographic issues.
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Her areas of research interest include: work‐family interface, social policy analysis (with special emphasis on social protection), family demography, and HIV and AIDS operations and evaluation research.
Dr Mokomane's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 30 journal articles, book chapters, and conference presentations. Her most recent work, published in Child & Family Social Work, investigated the trends and patterns of adoption in South Africa.
MS SEGAMETSI MOLAWA Ms Segametsi Molawa holds an M(Bibl) from the University of Pretoria and is presently appointed as Director Information Services at the HSRC. She was the Corporate Librarian at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), in charge of the ten Institutional Libraries of the organisation, nationally. In the last sixteen years, Ms Molawa has occupied various leadership positions in Library and Information Services. She was the Director of Library and Documentation Services at the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA), managing the Information and Documentation Services which have proved a vital resource for the development of social and economic policy in South Africa and other parts of the continent. Before AISA, she was Deputy Director: Information Service at the Government Communication and Information System (GCIS). She was an active member of the team that mobilized for the unification of Library and Information Services, which culminated in the establishment of the Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA) in July 1997. From 1997‐98, she served in the Interim Committee of LIASA Gauteng branch, and was the Vice‐Chairperson of Gauteng North Branch and Second Representative on the LIASA Executive Committee from 1998‐2002. She is currently chairperson of the LIASA Gauteng North Branch and a member of the LIASA National Executive Committee for the term 2010‐2012.
In 2008, she served on the Reference Group that monitored the drafting of the Library and Information Services Transformation Charter. Ms Molawa has extensive experience in policy work, having served as a member of the National Council for Libraries and Information Services (NCLIS) since March 2008. NCLIS advises the Ministers of Arts and Culture and Education on all matters pertaining to Library and Information Services. She has been re‐elected in NCLIS for January 2012 to December 2014.
She is currently reading for a doctorate at the University of South Africa in Library and Information Science, with a dissertation on “Developing a framework for knowledge retention in the Agricultural research council in South Africa”.
MR MAGLIN MOODLEY Mr. Maglin Moodley, Data Manager at Educational and Skills Development Unit at HSRC. An ex‐ Educator with 17 years teaching experience, resigned from teaching at a level of Deputy Principal. Conceptualised the Atlantic Link Project which saw to fruition the development of school ICT policies between Gauteng Department of Education and the University of Kingston, Surrey. Took up a position at the Macmillan Teacher Campus to head the Reading Skills Development Unit. Instrumental in developing Teacher Professional Courses in Reading strategies across the country for the teacher campus. In 2008 appointed as Educational Specialist by Gauteng Department of Education in the Tshwane North District based in the Special projects department. His passion lays with ICT and its integration into education, this led to him being appointed at the HSRC in 2009 to support the TARMII project, the main goal being the use of ICT to support formative assessment in Maths and English teaching in the intermediate phase.
In 2012 he continued his work in ICT in education with a study funded by USAID that focuses on the use of technology to enhance literacy in the foundation phase. With the unique software designed for this study, he has been instrumental in training of teachers and district officials with the use of the software nationally. In 2012 he joined the HSRC monitoring team [MERL] to look at the DST’s technology in rural areas intervention and works closely with the CSIR’s MERAKA Institute.
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DR BENITA MOOLMAN Benita Moolman is a post‐doctoral fellow in the Human and Social Development Unit at the Human Sciences Research Council. She obtained an M (Phil) in Women and Gender Studies at the University of the Western Cape and obtained a PhD in Feminist Geography from the University of California, Davis in the United States. Before joining the HSRC in December 2011, she was Project Coordinator at Heinrich Boell Stiftung and Rape Crisis Cape Town. Her research interests include: gender violence, masculinities, intersectional social identities and narrative methodologies. Her most recent publication is entitled: Rethinking “Masculinities in transition” in South Africa: Considering the Intersectionality of race, class, sexuality with gender.
DR TRACY MORISON Dr Tracy Morison is a post‐doctoral fellow in the Human and Social Development programme. She obtained both a Masters in Research Psychology and a PhD in Psychology from Rhodes University and remains affiliated to the university as a Research Associate of the Psychology Department. Dr Morison’s primary research focus is on sexualities and reproductive justice, as well as households, and families. She is also interested in gender and development more broadly, with an emerging interest in the gendered dimensions of human‐induced climate change and climate justice. In addition, she has an interest in qualitative methodologies, particularly the synthesis of narrative and discursive methodology as well as feminist theory.
MS SHIRIN MOTALA Ms Shirin Motala is a Senior Research Manager in Economic Performance and Development Unit, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). She holds an MA in Development from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, 1999. Before joining the HSRC in October 2008, she was KwaZulu‐Natal Provincial Coordinator for the Civil Society Advocacy Programme, a partnership project between the South African Human Rights Commission, the Commission on Gender Equality and The Office of the Public Protector. Prior to that she worked as an independent development and research practitioner in the fields of poverty eradication, human rights with a particular focus on child and gender rights, land and rural development and social development. Her areas of research interest include poverty, food and nutrition security, sustainable development and public employment programmes with a specific focus on early childhood development. Ms Motala's publication record includes the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 20 conference presentations and 12 journal articles/chapters in publications. Her most recent work included guest editing and writing the introduction to the issue of Agenda Feminist Journal No 86 on Food and Nutrition Security in the context of the Global Economic Crisis.
DR CHARLOTTE MOTHA Dr Charlotte Motha is a Post‐doctoral Research Fellow in the Education and Skills Development Research Programame at the Human Sciences Research CounciI (HSRC). She holds a PhD in Education Management Policy and Law from the University of Pretoria. Before joining the HSRC, Dr Motha worked in Higher Education as an Academic Development Practitioner, Tertiary Education Linkages Project (TELP) Manager and a TELP Linkages Coordinator. Between 2004 and 2006, Dr Motha was employed by the Research Triangle Institute (RTI International) as a Programme Manager: Contracts and Monitoring for the Integrated Education Programme (IEP). She joined the HSRC in November 2006, as a Programme Manager for the Literacy and Numeracy Research Programme. Upon obtaining her PhD, she was promoted to the current position. Dr Motha has worked for a period of five years on USAID funded projects, namely, TELP and IEP and a further five years managing a research programme funded by the Royal Netherlands Embassy.
MR SAKHILE MSWELI Sakhile Msweli is currently doing his masters degree in Research Psychology through the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. He is currently a masters intern at HSRC HAST programme. His research interests involve: couples sexuality in relations to HIV/AIDS; Alternative sexualities in response risks of HIV/AIDS; Identity and culture.
MRS JACQUELINE MTHEMBU I am Mrs Jacqueline Mthembu. I joint HSRC in 2005, where I’m currently employed as a researcher in the HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and TB unit, where I am employed a PhD Trainee. I received my MA in Research Psychology in 2006
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from the UWC and is currently in the last stage of completing my PhD at UCT. I have particular research interests in masculinity studies, gender, intimate partner violence and risky sexual behaviour. Prior to the HSRC I worked as a Fieldworker/Intervention Specialist (2003 – 2005) at an International Research Project headed by Stellenbosch University focusing on the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, STI’s, TB and Hepatitis in Correctional Services Institutions in the Western Cape with Prof. Shaheen Methar, as my Supervisor & Principle Researcher. In 2002 I worked as an Assistant Researcher/Masters Intern at the Institute for Child and Family Development (ICFD) of The University of The Western Cape. Here I helped develop a citizenship programme for youth under the supervision of Prof. Rose September.
MR MENZIWOKUHLE MTHETHWA Mr. Menziwokuhle Mthethwa has a science background in crop protection [BSc Microbiology and BSc Honours Plant Pathology (ukzn)]. He graduated for Masters Degree in Development Studies at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal in April 2013. His Master’s thesis was a mixed‐method (quantitative and qualitative) study focusing on urban agriculture as an option for food security in northern KwaZulu‐Natal. He has worked as a qualitative participatory researcher for the project called informal Economy Monitoring Study and has also worked as a Research Assistant for a research project between Norway Research Council and the South African National Research Foundation called “Land at Last”. Menzi is based in HSRC Pretoria. He is working on the Youth into Science Research Project (Talent Development Programme, Adopted Dinaledi Schools, and National Science week) under the supervision of Mr F. Arends. He is also part of the team working on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Labour Market Intelligence Partnership (LMIP) for theme 1 and 5.
MS AMANDA MTSHENGU I am a junior researcher at HSD, Pretoria. I am also a Masters Student at the University of Pretoria ; I am currently enrolled for Masters of Social Science in Industrial Sociology and Labour Studies. My MSoc Sci dissertation topic is: Middle class consumption and its meanings: a case study of black civil servants in Pretoria. My area of interest is around issues of identities, the intersection of race, class and gender.
MR SHEIK OUMAR MUHAMMAD Muhammed Sheik Oumar is a GIS Specialist at the Africa Institute of South Africa. He holds honors in GIS and Remote Sensing from the University of KwaZulu Natal. His research interests are on applied GIS, and Remote Sensing especially on renewable energy.
DR NAZEEM MUSTAPHA Dr Mustapha obtained a PhD in Applied Mathematics, specialising in Cosmology, from the University of Cape Town in 2000. An academic career at UCT was accompanied by a growing career as a statistical consultant and followed by senior management positions at Statistics South Africa between 2006 and 2011. At Stats SA he served on major projects re‐viewing and re‐engineering the business register complex, developing national standards for official statistics, consulting on statistical methodology to various surveys, and developing and integrating socio‐economic indicators. Since 2011, Dr Mustapha has been employed at the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation within the HSRC where he has led the standardisation of survey methods, served on the statistical methodology team of the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, drafted project reports for the National R&D and Innovation Surveys amongst other project and survey reports, and written policy briefs impacting on innovation policy. He serves on the Data Committee overseeing the dissemination of quality information produced by CeSTII.
Dr Mustapha is also a founder member of the Southern African General Relativity Society and the International Astrostatistical Committee of the International Statistical Institute, served as an invited lecturer at an international summer school in Thailand in 2004, and chaired sessions at international conferences ‐ most recently one of the plenary sessions of the Meide conference on innovation in Cape Town, November 2012.
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MR SHINGIRIRAI SAVIOUS MUTANGA Shingirirai Savious Mutanga is a Research Specialist in the Science and Technology Programme of the Africa Institute of South Africa. He is also a Phd candidate in Industrial Systems engineering with the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He holds an MSc in Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation for environmental Modelling and Management and a BSc Honors in Geography and Environmental Science from Midlands State University in Zimbabwe. His research interests are on modelling global environmental issues, with a special focus on, applied GIS, Remote Sensing and Systems dynamics on ecosystems transformation; climate change; and energy.
DR AZIZA MWISONGO Dr Aziza Mwisongo is an African Research Fellow at the Chief Research Manager level in the Operation and Implementation Research Unit of the HIV/AIDS, STI and TB program. She holds an MD degree from the University of Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania, a Master’s degree in Health Services Research from the Erasmus University of The Netherlands and a PhD in Health Sciences from Copenhagen University in Denmark (2007).
Before joining the HSRC in June 2011 she was a Project Manager for the INDEPTH Effectiveness and Safety Studies for Antimalarials in Africa (INESS) with INDEPTH Network, (Ghana).
Dr Mwisongo is a public health physician with extensive experience in the areas of malaria, HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. She is also a renowned heath systems researcher with experience from Tanzania, Mozambique, Ghana and Burkina Faso. Her PhD thesis was a policy analysis of the implementation process of anti‐malarial policy in Tanzania. Dr Mwisongo has also been involved in several training activities through: lecturing at university for undergraduate course on research methodologies, member of PhD committees and facilitator of several short courses for health workers. Her publications include work in relation to Human Resources for Health (HRH) and of recent implementation research.
MS SARA NAICKER Sara Naicker is a PhD Intern in the HAST Programme at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). She holds an undergraduate degree in General and Industrial Psychology and a Masters degree in Health Promotion from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal (UKZN). Sara’s doctoral thesis focuses on the physiological, mental health and risk behaviour outcomes associated with exposure to adverse childhood experiences. She was previously employed as a research assistant at UKZN and as the co‐coordinator for second and third year Psychology student tutorials in qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Sara’s fields of interest include adolescent health risk behaviours, socioeconomic determinants of health inequalities, and the effects of early exposure to adverse events in childhood on later life physiology and mental health.
MR DHEE NAIDOO Mr Dhee Naidoo is a Research Trainee in the HIV/AIDS, STI's and TB Research programme at the Human Science Research Council.
He completed his Masters in Medical Anthropology focusing on Social Science Contribution to how we understand increases in HIV incidence in the Indian community of KwaZulu‐Natal. Dhee is one of very few scholars specialising in a focus on HIV/AIDS and Indian South Africans. His area of specialisation is on the intersections of gender, sexuality, HIV, TB and Health.
PROF. PAMELA NAIDOO Prof. Pamela Naidoo is a Research Director in the Population Health, Health Systems & Innovation Unit ((PHHSI). She also holds an Extraordinary Professorship at the University of the Western Cape. She has an Honours in Psychology and a Master's in Psychology from the University of Durban‐Westville and a Masters in Public Health from the University of Cape Town, and a Doctorate in Philosophy from the University of Natal.
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Before joining the HSRC in July 2010, she was a Professor of Psychology in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences at the University of the Western Cape. She has extensive experience in research management, reviewing for national and international peer‐reviewed, accredited journals and health ethics. She has also established valuable local and international research linkages and collaboration.
Her areas of research interest broadly straddle psychology and public health. Her research engagements and publications are located within chronic, terminal, infectious and life‐style diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, cardiac disease, TB and HIV/AIDS). She is specifically interested in mood (e.g. depression) as a mediator/moderator variable between disease and disease outcome (e.g. quality of life, adherence to treatment and prevention programmes). At present her primary research activities are in HIV and TB co‐infection, with a focus on the relationships between biomedical, behavioural, social and cognitive factor
MS NOLUSINDISO NCITAKALO Ms Nolusindiso Ncitakalo is a new Doctoral Research Trainee at the Researcher level and works in the office of Prof. Leickness Simbayi who is the Executive Director of the HAST programme. She recently completed her MA in Psychology at the University of the Western Cape. She hopes to register for her PhD in Psychology at the University of Cape Town.
She is predominantly a qualitative researcher. Her areas of research interest include adolescent sexual behaviour, orphans and vulnerable children, health promotion and HIV interventions, community development and psycho‐social determinants of risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.
DR CATHERINE NDINDA Catherine Ndinda is a Chief Research Specialist in PHHSI. She holds MSc in development Studies and PhD in Social Science, with a specialisation in South African Housing Policy and gender. She has over 15 years’ experience in the design and implementation of mixed methodology studies. She has been the principal investigator in various monitoring and evaluation studies responsible for the scientific leadership and co‐ordination of the projects. Among her recent projects is the Tenant Audit Survey of the Housing Association of Blaauwberg (HAB) in the City of Cape Town. She has also been a co‐principal investigator and expert evaluator where she has played a lead role in the design, implementation and dissemination of findings from evaluation studies. Her areas of interest are in housing, development and gender studies; indigenous knowledge systems; policy analysis, monitoring and evaluation and the social aspects of health. She has published academic articles in her field in international and local peer‐reviewed journals such as Development Southern Africa, Journal of international Women’s Studies, Africanus, AIDS Care, Culture, Health and Sexuality, and Africa Insight.
MR JOEL KHATHUTSHELO NETSHITENZHE Joel Khathutshelo Netshitenzhe is the Executive Director of the Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA). He has a Master of Science (MSc) degree in Financial Economics from London University and a diploma in Political Science from the Institute of Social Sciences in Moscow. Between 1994 and 2009 he served in government, variously, as Head of Communication in President Nelson Mandela’s Office, CEO of Government Communications (GCIS) and Head of the Policy Unit (PCAS) in The Presidency. He is a member of the NEC of the ANC and of the National Planning Commission.
MR STEWART NGANDU Mr Stewart Ngandu is a chief researcher in the Economic Performance and Development research programme. He holds an MSc in economics from the University of Zimbabwe (UZ). Before joining the HSRC, he worked as a research assistant at UZ on an economic modelling and policy analysis project, which involved the construction of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. He was also a graduate teaching assistant in the Department of Economics at UZ where he tutored undergraduate and post‐graduate students.
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His particular research interests include computable general equilibrium modelling, with special emphasis on its use in labour market scenarios (labour market forecasting), exchange rates, with an emphasis on their impact on employment, economic growth and its impact on employment and services reform.
MS XOLANI NGAZIMBI Xolani Ngazimbi is a senior researcher in the Education and Skills Development research programme. She obtained a B.Soc.Sc and an M.Soc.Sci from the University of Cape Town and New York University. She is in the process of submitting her PhD dissertation which focuses on cultural and racial identities in corporate South Africa.
Before joining the HSRC, she lectured for the Universities of Cape Town and Stanford. She has also been involved in a number of research projects involving corporate transformation and occupational advancement. Since her employment at the HSRC she has been involved in various research projects focusing on the post‐school sector and labour markets.
AMUKELANI NGOBENI Amukelani Ngobeni is a NRF intern based at the Human Sciences Research Council and graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Development Studies Specialising in Planning and Management from the University of Limpopo. Currently
MR THULANI NGUBANE Thulani Ngubane is an Assistant Director in HAST research program and currently working as Project Manager for Uthando Lwethu‐Couples in Context study. The study he is involved in is a randomized couple‐based intervention that is testing the efficacy of a theory‐based and culturally appropriate couples‐based intervention on rates of testing for HIV and sexual risk behaviour for HIV. Mr Mgubane is also a special advisor on community involvement and preparedness issues. The major focus of his work includes managing operational staff and science of the study. Previously, he was a site Deputy Project Manager of a multi‐site research trial that was testing efficacy of providing three strategies – community mobilization, mobile voluntary counseling and testing, and testing support services, in reducing the prevalence of HIV in communities (Project Accept). He holds Honours Degree in Theology and Development and he is currently completing his Masters degree in Theology and Development as well. Before joining HSRC he was working for Youth for Christ (YFC) where he was an AIDS Programme Coordinator.
MS MAKALE NGWENYA Ms Makale Ngwenya is an Economist by profession, employed by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in the Economic Performance and Development Unit. Her interests in research lie in national systems of innovation, local development, and socio‐economic development.
Ms Ngwenya is pursuing her Master’s degree in Joint African Masters Programme in Comparative Local Development in the faculty of Economics and Finance at the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation and Universita Degli Studi di Trento, Italy. JAMP is an international programme which focuses on local development. She holds a four year degree in Economics and Finance.
DR CHARLES NHEMACHENA Dr Charles Nhemachena is a senior research specialist in the Economic Performance and Development research programme. He holds a PhD in Environmental Economics from the University of Pretoria; a Masters and Honours degrees in Agricultural Economics from the University of Zimbabwe. He also hold certificate in Environmental Evaluation and Topics in Public Economics from Gothenburg University (Sweden) and a Post – Graduate certificate in Environmental Economics & Policy from Centre for Environmental Economics & Policy in Africa (CEEPA). Before joining the HSRC in November 2011, he was a senior researcher in the Natural Resources and Environment Unit having been in the Built Environment Unit at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). He has worked on transport, rural accessibility and development issues in the Built Environment and on Sustainability Science & Resource Economics issues in the Natural Resources and Environment. His areas
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of research interest include: climate change (impacts, adaptation & vulnerability); socio‐economic and environmental evaluation and analysis of impacts from developmental projects and programs, transport, accessibility & development; agricultural and rural development; sustainability and resource economics. Dr Nhemachena’s publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 50 conference presentations and journal articles and contributions to book chapters.
MS NOLITHA NKOBOLE Nolitha Nkobole holds a Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plant Science from the University of Pretoria. She obtained Bachelor of Science degree majoring in Medical Microbiology and Human Biology from the University of the Western Cape, which was followed by BSc (Honors) at the same University. Previous employment record includes working as a National Research Foundation (NRF) intern at Scienza Science Centre and Agricultural Research Council. Currently she works for the Human Sciences Research Council as a PhD intern under the rank of a researcher. She is involved in projects such as Research and Development (R&D) and Agricultural Surveys. In addition to assisting in data collection for both surveys, she is also involved in assisting in writing research proposal for funding for her Unit.
MS GLADYS‐MAGDELINE TEBOGO NTABANYANE Gladys‐Magdeline Ntabanyane is a Masters Research Trainee in the Research Impact Assessment Unit (RIA). She holds an Honours Degree in Psychology at the University of Pretoria and is currently studying towards a Masters in Research Psychology also from the University of Pretoria.
Before joining the HSRC in January 3, 2013 she was employed as an assistant in Contract Research and Consulting at Business Enterprises at University of Pretoria (Pty) Ltd. In which primary focus was on the administration, executing financial processes, marketing as well as overall project management of contract research activities in the Health and Veterinary Sciences Portfolio at the University of Pretoria. Three main focus areas were the managing of day to day support to the Clinical Trials Research Unit, the Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, the National Tissue Bank of the University of Pretoria, as well as various other projects that were related to health in the mining and various other sectors.
Prior to being at the University of Pretoria, Gladys was with the HSRC in 2008 where she was part of what was then the ESSD Unit.
MS YOLISWA NTSEPE Ms Ntsepe is a Doctoral Research Trainee at the Research Manager level and works in the Social, Behavioural and Biomedical Interventions Unit of the HAST programme. She holds a MA in Social Development from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. She is currently registered for her PhD in Anthropology at the University of the Western Cape.
Before joining the HSRC, Ms Ntsepe worked for Action Aid International as the South Africa HIV/AIDS Coordinator. Her key responsibilities at ActionAid were mentoring and capacitating emerging CBOs and NGOs that are providing care and support to people living with and affected by HIV/AIDS. Capacitating the organisations included financial support and technical guidance for programme implementation and evaluation. Most of the organisations were providing community and home based care services.
Ms Ntsepe has also worked for various other organisations such as The USAID – Policy Project and focused on HIV/AIDS Workplace policy development assisting public and private organisations to develop workplace policies and programs. One of the highlights of her work were assisting the Botswana Police Commission to develop its HIV/AIDS policy and programme. She also has a particular interest on factors hindering disclosure of the positive HIV status.
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MR BONGANI NYOKA I am a master’s intern in the Education & Skills Development programme. I have completed a BSocSc(Hons) in Political Science at Rhodes University (2005 – 2008). From 2009 to January 2011 I worked as junior researcher in the Policy Analysis and Capacity Enhancement programme and later in the Human & Social Development programme in the HSRC. In February 2011 I enrolled for master’s degree in sociology at the University of the Western Cape which I completed in November/December 2012.
DR ANAM NYEMBEZI Dr Anam Nyembezi is a Post‐Doctoral Research Fellow in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation at the Human Sciences Research Council. He holds an MA in Public Policy at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal and obtained a PhD in Psychology from the Maatricht University, the Netherlands. Before joining the HSRC in May 2013, he was a senior scientist at the Medical Research Council of South Africa in the Health Promotion Research and Development Unit. His areas of research interests include men’s health with a special focus on the reproductive health of men that have undergone traditional male initiation and circumcision.
PROF. ADEBAYO OLUKOSHI PhD, Leeds University (UK). Director, United Nations African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP) and Interim executive director, Africa Governance Institute (AGI), both at Dakar and Senegal. Prof. of International Economic Relations and former executive secretary, CODESRIA. Previously served as director of research at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, senior research fellow/Research programme coordinator at the Nordic Africa Institute and a senior programme staff at the South Centre in Geneva.
DR DORINA ONOYA Dr Dorina Onoya is Post Doctoral Fellow in the Epidemiology, strategic research and health policy unit of the HIV/AIDS, STI and TB program. She holds a Master in Public Health (Epidemiology) at the University of Cape Town and a PhD in Public Health at Maastrich University (2010).
Before joining the HSRC in February 2010, she was a Project coordinator at the Health Promotion Research and Development unit of the Medical Research Council.
Her areas of research interest include: HIV/STI epidemiology and HIV prevention intervention research & development
DR GODWIN ONUOHA Dr Godwin Onuoha is an African Research Fellow and senior research specialist in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery programme. He holds an MSc in Political Science at the University of Lagos, Nigeria and obtained an MA in Political Science at the Central European University, Hungary before obtaining a PhD in Anthropology from the Martin Luther University, Halle‐Wittenberg in Germany in February 2011.
Before joining the HSRC in March 2011, he was a PhD candidate at the Graduate School Society and Culture in Motion at the Martin Luther University, Halle‐Wittenberg, Germany. He has also had brief stints in the oil and banking sectors in Nigeria.
His areas of research interest include: nationalism, identity politics, and the interface between state, resources and development.
Dr Onuoha's publication record spans the authoring of more than 15 conference presentations across Africa, Europe and North America, five journal articles, one monograph, one book, a working paper and book chapters. His most recent work titled, Challenging the State in Africa: Contemporary Igbo Nationalism and the Crisis of Self‐Determination in Nigeria,
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published by LIT‐Verlag‐ Berlin‐Munster‐Wien‐Zurich‐London (2011), draws on a multi‐disciplinary framework to open up new vistas to the connections between the absence or limited notion of citizenship (rights) and political violence in Africa.
DR WHADI‐AH PARKER Dr Whadi‐ah Parker is a post‐doctoral fellow in the capacity of a research specialist in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation research programme. She holds a BSc in Medicine (Hons) in Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Cape Town, and obtained a PhD in Medicine from the same institution in 2008.
Before joining the HSRC, she was a post‐doctoral fellow at the University of the Western Cape, based in the Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit at the South African Medical Research Council.
Her areas of research interest include: nutrition, chronic diseases of lifestyle, public health and health systems. Dr Parker's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of fourteen national and international conference presentations, nine book or equivalent publications and nine journal articles. Her most recent work, published in BMC Public Health in July 2012, investigated health promotion services in the public health care sector in Cape Town, South Africa for patients having non communicable diseases.
DR ANDREW PATERSON Dr Andrew Paterson is a research director in the Education and Skills Development research programme. He holds a PhD in Social History, and obtained a Bachelor of Education degree, a higher diploma in Education (post‐graduate secondary), and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and English from the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He holds a post‐graduate diploma in Information Management at the University of Johannesburg.
Before joining the HSRC in October 2012, he was a senior researcher at the Southern African Development Bank (Gauteng). This is his second period of employment at the HSRC, having worked here between 1999 and 2008. He has also worked as a lecturer, senior lecturer and research specialist in universities in South Africa and Thailand.
His areas of research interest include: human resources development, skills development and training with reference to the labour market, graduate production of high‐skill occupations (e.g. IT, veterinarians), history of education, and public sector skills. Dr Paterson's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 20 journal articles and a number of research monographs and chapters in books. His most recent work, published in the Journal of Global Management Research, investigated the impact of globalisation on curriculum in schools.
IL‐HAAM PETERSEN Il‐haam Petersen is a chief researcher in the Education and Skills Development programme. She obtained a Masters in research psychology from the University of Cape Town and is currently completing a PhD in sociology at Trinity College Dublin.
Before joining the HSRC in June 2013, she was a teaching assistant in sociology at Trinity College Dublin and research intern at LIRNEasia in Sri Lanka. She completed a two‐year internship in the Education and Skills Development programme at the HSRC in 2009 before commencing PhD studies.
Her areas of research interest include: the development of science, technology and innovation capabilities in low‐income contexts in sub‐Saharan Africa, especially the role of higher education institutions; mixed‐methods social network analysis; network‐institutional approaches to analysing organisations/formally‐constituted networks and informal networks; and the role of aid in development.
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PROF. NANCY PHASWANA‐MAFUYA Prof. Phaswana‐Mafuya holds a PhD in Social Work earned from the University of Limpopo (previously the University of the North) and is a research director in the HSRC's HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) research programme. She is the director of the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (SAHARA).
In the last five years, Dr Phaswana‐Mafuya has served as principal investigator for various projects: • The ageing and health (SAGE) survey involving 6000 households spread across the nine provinces of South Africa (2006 to date); • The impact of the disability grant on 607 PLWHA (People living with HIV and AIDS) in the seven district municipalities of the Eastern Cape and 38 provincial/local level HIV/AIDS stakeholders funded by the Eastern Cape AIDS Council and Eastern Cape Socio‐Economic Consultative Council (2006/2007); • The management of HIV/AIDS among 14 tertiary institutions in the Eastern Cape funded by ETDP SETA (2003/2004); • The development, implementation and evaluation of an HIV risk reduction programme in a selected tertiary institution (also funded by ETDP SETA (2003)); • The management of HIV/AIDS among hospitality operations in Buffalo City funded by Border Technikon (2003),(now Walter Sisulu University); • The development of a marketing plan for sanitation promotion in the Eastern Cape funded by the Water Research Commission (2002/2003). • Dr Phaswana‐Mafuya has also served as co‐principal investigator for the project on baseline evaluations of primary health care services in the Eastern Cape, the Western Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo and KwaZulu‐Natal provinces (2006/2007) funded by the European Union through the National Department of Health and the evaluation of the impact of the National Drug Policy in the Western Cape and Limpopo provinces (2005/2006) funded by DFID. She is currently involved in other projects assuming various roles, including: • Project director on the project to strengthen PMTCT services in Kouga LSA of the Eastern Cape (current) funded by CDC; • Co‐investigator in the positive prevention for PLWHA which is being conducted in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape (March 2007) also funded by the CDC. • She also has served as consultant for the Eastern Cape Regional Training Centre on the project entitled performance assessment of PMTCT services in the OR Tambo district municipality of the Eastern Cape funded by CDC (2004) and the Eastern Cape TB and the Quality of Life study which is being conducted by the Institute for Socio‐Economic Research at Rhodes University (2005/2006) funded by SANPAD. The evidence of Dr Phaswana‐Mafuya's work is reflected in her 30 research articles published in nationally and internationally refereed journals, as well as in several book chapters. She currently serves on the following journal editorial boards: • Health/Gesondheid (2007 to date); • Acta Criminologica (2006 to date); • South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences (2006 to date); • African Journal of Physical Health Education, Recreation and Sports (2006 to date). • Dr Phaswana‐Mafuya has served as external examiner for masters students at the University of Venda (2005‐2007) and Rhodes University (2004‐ 2007) in the Public Health and Social Development Departments respectively, as book chapter reviewer for JAMA and as proposal reviewer for the National Research Foundation. She was appointed director and Extraordinary Visiting Professor at the University of the Western Cape in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (Jan 2006 to Dec 2008). • Her work has earned her various national and international awards including: • The middle researcher research excellence award from the HSRC in 2007; • The NIDA/CPDD/WHO travel award to Canada to present papers at the IUHPE Conference and College on Prevention of Drug Dependence in 2007; • The national finalist awards for outstanding contributions to Science and Technology in South Africa by the National Science and Technolgy Forum in the years 2006 and 2007 consecutively;
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• The Rhodes University Andrew Mellon Foundation Post‐Doctoral Fellowship (2005); • The Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research in Africa (SAHARA) writers' workshop and conference Award (2004); • The University of Maryland Eastern Shore non‐presidential Award for groundbreaking research (2004); • The Abe Bailey Travel Award, to London, Oxford and Cambridge Universities for exceptional leadership qualities in her early career in 1995.
Dr Phaswana‐Mafuya is currently rated by the National Research Forum as a young woman black South African scientist with great potential.
MR GARY PIENAAR Gary Pienaar obtained the degrees of BA (Hons) LLB from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, later qualifying as an advocate of the High Court of South Africa, and practicing at the Johannesburg Bar for several years.
He worked for the Office of the Public Protector from 1997‐2008, including as Western Cape provincial manager from 2000, where he undertook and managed investigations into complaints of ethics breaches and maladministration in the public sector, leading a staff complement of 12. During this time, he obtained an M Phil degree from Stellenbosch University, with his dissertation focusing on prospects for human rights in the African Renaissance.
From March 2008 to January 2012 he worked as a senior researcher: governance and public ethics in Idasa’s Economic Governance Programme (EGP) and its Political Information and Monitoring Service (PIMS). His areas of work include public sector governance, ethics in public life, corruption and accountability, access to information and political party funding transparency. He coordinated PIMS’ preparation of the Global Integrity 2008 South Africa report and contributed to the 2010 report, and authored the chapter on ‘Accountability and Democracy’ in Neeta Misra‐Dexter and Judith February (Eds.) Testing Democracy: Which way is South Africa going? Idasa, 2010. He was an expert consultant for research projects by International IDEA and Transparency International on political finance in South Africa.
During this time he authored and made numerous submissions to Parliament on draft legislation, including Constitutional amendments, and has provided additional advice to Parliamentary committees, including on oversight responsibilities and functions, and on legislation establishing the Directorate for Priority Crimes Investigation (DPCI, or ‘Hawks’) and on the Protection of State Information Bill.
He was also project manager for the Electricity Governance Initiative of South Africa (EGI‐SA), which seeks to improve public understanding of and participation in the key policy development and implementation processes related to electricity and energy governance, increasingly within the context of responses to climate change. He was managing editor of the project’s sector assessment report “The Governance of Power in South Africa: keeping the Lights On” Idasa, 2010, and has subsequently co‐authored several policy briefs and articles on aspect of energy policy and governance.
Idasa was a founding member of the Global Transparency Initiative, a global civil society network that seeks to promote the transparency and accountability of International Financial Institutions. Gary led Idasa’s participation in several mandate and policy reviews by IFIs from 2009‐2012, while also working on broader issues related to aid transparency, accountability and effectiveness. He served on the steering committee of the affiliated CSO Coalition on the African Development Bank, which works actively with the Bank and to extend the work of GTI to civil society around the African continent.
From February 2012 to January 2013 he worked for the Money and Politics Project at the Open Society Foundation for South Africa, first as advocacy coordinator and then as project coordinator, where he undertook detailed research on private and public actors in political finance.
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In February 2013 he joined the HSRC’s Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery Programme as a senior research manager.
Voluntary commitment: Chairperson of the board of directors of the Open Democracy Advice Centre
MR NEDSON POPHIWA Nedson Pophiwa is a Chief Researcher in the Democracy Governance and Service Delivery (DGSD) Programme. He holds an MA in Forced Migration from the University of the Witwatersrand, and an MA in African Economic History from the University of Zimbabwe. Prior to joining the HSRC he was a Research Specialist at the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) where he conducted research in the Sustainable Development Programme.
Nedson's main research interests are in migration, sustainable agriculture, green economy and higher education. Some of the analytical theories and themes that he likes to explore are sustainable development, social space, governance, agency and resistance. In terms of policy analysis Nedson's interests focus on issues of access and assessing policy gaps.
His publications record includes several peer reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Presently he is in the process of co‐ editing a book on climate change in Africa.
MS BRIDGETTE PRINCE Ms Bridgette Prince is the head of Business Development and International Liaison in the Office of the CEO. Formerly she was a programme manager and the networking and gender coordinator in the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Alliance (SAHARA) at the HSRC. She holds a BA Honours degree and a postgraduate diploma in Arts from the University of the Western Cape.
Before joining the HSRC in January 2004, she was a programme manager at the Nelson Mandela Foundation, where she was responsible for the implementation and management of the programme section. During this time, she was responsible for managing South Africa's first population‐based HIV/AIDS survey.
Her areas of research interest include developing strategic partnerships and the management and coordination of projects in the HIV/AIDS arena and otherwise. She has been involved in several large‐scale, high‐profile projects including the Nelson Mandela/HSRC Study on HIV/AIDS in 2002 and 2005, the Nosocomial Study in the Free State in 2005, the Oprah Winfrey Christmas Kindness Project, and the National Study on Educator Demand and Supply.
She is actively involved in promoting gender initiatives in the programme and as such, has established a strategic partnership with the Commonwealth Secretariat, UNAIDS, and Dalhousie University in Canada towards mainstreaming gender in HIV/AIDS.
DR CAS PRINSLOO Cas Prinsloo (D Litt et Phil, Psychology) is a Chief Research Specialist with the Human Sciences Research Council. He studies language and literacy acquisition and development among learners during the first half of primary school. He concentrates on video footage and related data pertaining to the delivery of language lessons by teachers in Foundation Phase classrooms from the perspectives of psycholinguistics and cognitive neuropsychology. His research focuses on how the interaction between teachers’ formal training in and knowledge of paradigms and theoretical training and their daily teaching practice influences the cognitive and conceptual development of learners.
MR SHANDIR RAMLAGAN Mr Shandir Ramlagan is a Research Specialist in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB research (HAST) unit. He obtained his master's in development studies from the University of Natal.
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Before joining the HSRC, Mr Ramlagan worked as a researcher at Development Research Africa, where he was involved in questionnaire and methodology development, field management, as well as contributing to the research output.
Mr Ramlagan has experience in social science research, especially in the areas of qualitative research design and methodology, planning and management of surveys, and design of research instruments. His project experience includes work for organisations such as the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the World Bank, Population Council, and various government departments.
His publication record spans progress reports, co‐authored chapters for SIDA and the World Bank, literature reviews, co‐ authored peer‐reviewed journal articles, conceptual and epidemiological models, and design questionnaires.
MR KGABO RAMOROKA Mr Kgabo Ramoroka is Masters Intern in Economic Performance and Development research programme. He holds Master of Science Agriculture in Agricultural Economics and a Bachelor of Science Agriculture in Agricultural Economics both from the University of Limpopo. Before joining the HSRC, he worked as in an internship programme as a Junior Agricultural Economist at Limpopo Department of Agriculture in 2010. He also participated in a programme for Agricultural Research for Development organised by Agricultural Research Council. His areas of research interest include rural development, rural innovation and agricultural marketing.
MOLEMO RAMPHALILE Molemo Ramphalile holds an MA in political studies from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. His MA research thesis focus was on the production of racial identities in post‐apartheid South Africa. His research interests fall into a diverse field of disciplines including race studies, feminist studies, discourse analysis methodology and youth studies. He is particularly passionate about conducting research into the making of political subjectivity; as well as into the various methods, processes and spaces that enable serious theoretical investigations of contemporary socio‐political and cultural issues.
DR RUSHIL RANCHOD Rushil Ranchod is a post‐doctoral fellow in the Education and Skills Development programme. His areas of research interest include: South African politics, political communications trade unions and democratic consolidation in southern Africa, African political economy and development. His emerging research interests lie in innovation and inclusive development. He holds a PhD in Geography from Durham University (UK) and is completing a monograph on the political marketing of the African National Congress.
PROF. VASU REDDY Vasu Reddy is the Deputy Executive Director in the Human and Social Development Programme. He is also Honorary Professor and Research Fellow in the School of Social Sciences at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. His research areas of interest are broad human and social development issues with a specific focus on gender, sexualities, HIV & AIDS and the Humanities. Apart from peer reviewed articles in the above areas, he is either lead/co‐author of the following monographs: Borders: AIDS Review 2011 (Centre for the Study of Aids, University of Pretoria, 2012); The Country We Want to Live In: Hate Crimes and Homophobia in the lives of black lesbian South Africans (HSRC Press, 2010); From Social Silence to Social Science: Perspectives on Same‐Sex Sexuality, HIV/AIDS and Gender in South Africa (HSRC Press, 2009). Forthcoming from the HSRC Press in 2014 is Care, Welfare and Social Cohesion: Gender Perspectives (edited by Vasu Reddy, Stephan Meyer, Tammy Shefer & Thenjiwe Meyiwa).
PROF. PRISCILLA REDDY Prof. Priscilla S. Reddy is the Deputy Executive Director, within the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovations (PHHSI) Research Programme at the HSRC and started on 1 January 2013.
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Prof. Reddy was the Director of the Health Promotion Research and Development Unit of the South African Medical Research Council (MRC). She founded this research unit in 1995 as a new discipline to South Africa; and has developed it into a very successful and vibrant research Unit, by raising research grants (over R53 million (US$ 7 million) in the past 10 years ); and training 12 doctoral level graduates registered with Maastricht University.
Prof. Reddy holds an MPH from the University of Massachusets (1992 first class pass, as a Fullbright Scholar); and a PhD from Maastricht University (1999) WOTRO Scholar. She has been a Visiting Professor at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal; and Visiting Associate Professor at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, the School of Nursing and Health Studies at Georgetown University; and the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts. Prof. Reddy is known nationally in South Africa and internationally as making significant contributions to behavioural science in the fight against HIV/AIDS, tobacco control, and adolescent health.
She has held many prestigious professional appointments, including President Bush's PEPFAR Advisory Committee, IOM's Committee on Antiretroviral Drug Use in Resource‐Constrained Settings 2003/2004, and the World Health Organisation Health Promotion Glossary Reference Group 2003. Prof. Reddy has been the PI for the SA YRBS (Youth Risk Behaviour Survey) in 2002, 2008 and 2011; and GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) studies 1999, 2002, 2008 and 2011. She has been awarded highly prestigious research grants such as NIH R01?s on smoking harm reduction in school learners; the prison population; and a SA Department of Health research study on STD clinics. Prof. Reddy was also the PI on a Population Council Grant for the evaluation of school‐based HIV/AIDS programs; and a tuberculosis research grant for the International Development and Research Council. She was also the local Co‐PI in South Africa of an NIH‐funded supplement on HIV prevention/intervention targeting prison populations, and a CIFAR grant targeting HIV negative women (SISTA SA). She was appointed to South Africa’s National Health Research Committee by the Minister of Health.
Prof. Reddy was a Member of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), and a member of its governing Council. She has given talks and lectures at many prestigous institutions such as the Academie des Sciences in Paris, the Institute of Medicine, and universities such as Harvard, Emory, Georgetown, and Massachusetts.
Prof. Reddy has served on the boards of several peer‐reviewed journals. She was the Associate Editor of the Health Education Research (African Region) Journal and editoral board member on the International Quarterly of Community Health Education: A Journal of Policy and Applied Research; Health Promotion International; Health Education & Behaviour and AIDS Bulletin.. Prof. Reddy was a Reviewer and Writer for the WHO Information Series on Health Promotion; Social Science and Medicine Journal; Health Education Research Journal and the Indian Journal of Community Health. She is also currently the Social Science Representative of the Online Science Advisory board.
Prof. Reddy's skills in leadership, management and diplomacy are therefore considerable. Her passion lies in capacity development for which she has received the NST award for research Capacity Building in 2004. She has directly supervised or served as examiner for doctoral candidates in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and the Netherlands. She is currently supervising 5 PhD candidates who will graduate within the next 4 years.
DR VIJAY REDDY Dr Vijay Reddy is the executive director of the Education and Skills Development research programme. She holds a PhD in science education from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. She has extensive experience in successfully managing and overseeing large‐scale, long‐term collaborative research projects such as the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), from 2003 to 2011 (ongoing), the Literacy and Numeracy Research Programme funded by the Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE), which started in 2007 and will be concluded in December 2011, and the Department of Labour Critical Research Projects (2007‐2008) with follow‐up research, Impact Assessment of National Skills Development Strategy II, awarded by the Department of Labour following a competitive application process.
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Before joining the HSRC, Dr Reddy initially worked as a school science teacher, then in NGOs involved in in‐service education for science teachers. Thereafter she taught chemistry in university bridging programmes, and worked for an evaluation and monitoring NGO. Immediately before joining the HSRC, Dr Reddy was responsible for graduate programmes at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal.
Dr Reddy has extensive experience in social scientific research, especially in the areas of research design and methodology, planning and management of large‐scale surveys, and life history research. She has undertaken projects for organisations such as the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
PROF. LINDA RICHTER Professor Linda Richter is a distinguished research fellow in the HIV, STIs and TB programme. She is an A‐rated scientist in South Africa, an honorary professor in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of the Witwatersrand, an honorary professor in Psychology and a research fellow at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, and a research associate in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Oxford University. She obtained her PhD in Psychology from the University of KwaZulu‐ Natal in 1981.
Before joining the HSRC in July 2001, Professor Richter was professor and head of the School of Psychology at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg. Prior to that appointment, she was in the Centre for Epidemiological Research in the South African Medical Research Council, the Department of Paediatrics at the University of the Witwatersrand, and the Institute for Behavioural Sciences at the University of South Africa.
Her areas of research interest are in early origins of health and development; child and adolescent health and development; parenting, families, fathers, and communities; the impact of poverty and HIV/AIDS on children, youth and families; interventions and policies to address child and family adversity.
Professor Richter's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of 150 journal articles, 4 books, 108 book chapters and other publications, 69 reports, and 104 international and 121 local conference papers. She is currently working on papers related to long‐term outcomes of early social conditions and early childhood interventions, and policy options with respect to large‐scale sustainable assistance for children and families affected by HIV/AIDS and poverty.
MR BENJAMIN ROBERTS Ben Roberts is a Research Specialist in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery (DGSD) research programme at the HSRC and Coordinator of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS). He has a BSc Town and Regional Planning (cum laude) from the University of the Witwatersrand and an MSc Urban and Regional Planning (Development) (with distinction) from the University of Natal. He has extensive experience with regard to the micro‐econometric analysis of household surveys, with a particular emphasis on the measurement of poverty. Ben’s research interests include the quantitative analysis of poverty and inequality; attitudinal measurement; subjective wellbeing; Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs); social protection; food security; and changing social and political attitudes. He was among the team of researchers involved in one of the country’s first large‐scale panel studies, the KwaZulu‐Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS, 1998), as well as Department of Land Affairs’ Quality of Life surveys. In addition, he has assisted various Southern African states in respect of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Millennium Development Goals Report (MDGR) processes. This has included assisting the Government of Namibia to develop a national poverty line, as well as conducting a number of thematic assessments of poverty reduction strategies in sub‐Saharan Africa. Other notable recent initiatives are the development of small‐area level Indices of Multiple Deprivation for South Africa together with collaborators from the University of Oxford and Statistics South Africa, as well as co‐founding and jointly coordinating the annual SASAS series since 2003. He is currently a core investigator involved in a collaborative ESRC Pathfinder project that is exploring the relationship between spatial inequality and attitudes to inequality in South Africa.
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MS SHAWN ROGERS Shawn Rogers is a PhD intern in the Education and Skills Development (ESD) Research programme at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). She holds an MA in Research Psychology and specialises in psycholinguistics cognitive neuropsychology. Shawn is currently completing her PhD which looks at the relationship between bi/multilingualism and cognitive functioning and its implications for education, through the University of Witwatersrand.
MRS CANDICE RULE‐GROENEWALD Candice is a PhD intern in the Human and Social Development Unit. Her research interests include youth substance abuse, the construction of social relationships and early childhood development.
DR ALIOUNE SALL Dr A. Sall, a national from Senegal, is the Executive Director of the African Futures Institute, a pan African organisation established in 2004 to promote prospective thinking in and on Africa, carry out policy‐oriented research on strategic issues and disseminate information on long term perspectives of development of the continent. Headquartered in Pretoria, the Institute has been providing technical support to more than 20 african countries and worked with a number of international organisations on development planning .Prior to establishing the Institute in 2004, Dr Sall had a long career in the UNDP where he has held several senior positions at headquarters and in the field, focusing on sustainable human development, poverty eradication, governance.
Dr Sall holds a Doctorate in Sociology from Universite de Paris VIII (France).He is author or co‐author of four books.
MS DIANA SANCHEZ Ms Diana Sanchez Betancourt is a researcher in the Democracy and Governance research programme. She holds a BA degree in government and international relations from Universidad Externado in Colombia, was an exchange student at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Calgary in Canada and obtained an MA in social sciences from the Department of Peace and Conflict at the University of Uppsala in Sweden in 2001.
Before joining the HSRC in April 2004 she was a desk researcher at the Swedish NGO Diakonia in Pretoria. She has also worked as a consultant in the areas of conflict resolution and international cooperation for the Colombian government in Bogota, Colombia.
Her areas of research interest include socio‐economic transformation, conflict resolution, international cooperation and political economy.
Ms Sanchez' publication record includes the authoring and co‐authoring of conference presentations, research articles and book chapters. Her most recent work, to be published, investigates the links between black economic empowerment and corporate social responsibility in South Africa.
DR NADIA SANGER Nadia Sanger works as a research specialist in the Human and Social Development Research Programme at the Human Sciences Research Council in Cape Town, and an Extraordinary Researcher with the Faculty of Arts at the University of the Western Cape. Her research interests include post‐colonial feminist theory, constructs of identities, particularly the multiple intersections between gender, race, sexuality, and species in fiction, non‐fiction and popular culture. She holds a PhD in Women’s and Gender Studies from the University of the Western Cape, and a post‐doctoral Fulbright scholarship in the Women’s Studies department at the University of Maryland in the United States.
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MR KOMBI SAUSI KOMBI SAUSI holds a Masters degree in Anthropology and is currently employed by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery (DGSD) programme as a PhD intern. He is specialising in the Anthropology of Water. His PhD focuses on household dynamics and gender relations in water deficient villages in OR Tambo and Amathole District Municipalities. He joined the HSRC as fieldworker trainer and coordinator of on the Accelerated Sustainable Water Service Delivery (ASWSD) project in the two district municipalities in the Eastern Cape namely OR Tambo and Amatole. The project spanned in eight remote villages which were in dire need of water access. Prior to joining the HSRC he was a graduate assistant at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal and had a part time lecturing position until the end 2010. Currently, he was seconded to the Presidential Review Committee on State Owned enterprises (SOEs). His role is to provide research support to the Research Development Unit of the committee. This involves writing report and reviewing past reviews of different portfolio SOEs. He has few publications in accredited journal based on his Masters and PhD Research. His Masters dissertation has been published as book.
Areas of expertise (Interest) Service delivery Migration Water management Project experience in the past 5 years Accelerated Sustainable Water Service delivery Presidential Review of State Owned Entities
DUNCAN SCOTT Duncan Scott is currently a PhD candidate at Queen’s University Belfast, UK and has been a researcher in the Human and Social Development research programme of the HSRC. He holds a master’s degree in African Studies from the University of Oxford and works in the area of post‐conflict peace building and social participation.
MS DINEO SEABE Dineo Seabe is currently a Researcher in the DGSD research programme. Prior to joining the HSRC she worked as a research assistant for the Research for Socio‐economic Policy unit at the Department of Economic, Stellenbosch University. She is currently working on her Master in Social Science Methods. She holds a Bcom Honours degree in Economics and a BA in Economics, Sociology and Philosophy from the University of the Western Cape. Dineo has been involved in a study that examines NGO governance in Africa and the role of community participation in enhancing NGO accountability and achieving development effectiveness. She has also worked on a publication that examines the role of NGOs in Africa’s development, their functions together with the factors that enable or constrain the effectiveness of those functions. Her research interests include development, service delivery, gender equity, inequality and poverty and the role of non‐government actors in addressing development challenges.
DR LEANNE SEELIGER Dr Leanne Seeliger is a researcher in Economic Performance and Development at the Human Sciences Research Council in Cape Town. She is currently working on an NRF funded research project entitled: Resilient Cities: Towards a New Green Growth Path. Dr Seeliger obtained her DPhil at Stellenbosch University in 2009. Before joining the HSRC in 2012, she was actively involved in establishing an environmental non‐ governmental organisation in Stellenbosch. She also lectured in environmental philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Her research interests include resilience, adaptive governance, environmental pragmatism as well as how environmental and social values are supported in national, provincial and local budget priorities.
PROF. ALINAH K. SEGOBYE Prof. Segobye is Deputy Executive Director and Head of RIA. Before joining the HSRC she was Associate Professor of Archaeology at the University of Botswana and Acting Coordinator of the Master’s in Development Practice Program in the School of Graduate Studies.
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Segobye has undertaken research in the areas of the archaeology of southern Africa, heritage studies and development in Africa. Segobye worked in the area of HIV/AIDS as a consultant for the African HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Partnerships (ACHAP). She serves on the Botswana National Prevention Think Tank dedicated to policy advice in the area of prevention of HIV/AIDS for women and girls.
Segobye is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of South Africa (UNISA) and has been a visiting Research Fellow at the Australian National University (1995), the University of Cambridge (Wolfson College 2004/5) and University of California at Berkeley (2005/6) where she was a visiting Fulbright
PROF. OLIVE SHISANA Prof. Olive Shisana was the first woman and the first black woman to be appointed as President and CEO of the Human Sciences Research Council on 1 August 2005. She is a public health professional with extensive research, management and policy development experience spanning over 19 years.
Before accepting the position as CEO, she served as executive director of the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme at the HSRC, where she headed a national programme and Africa‐wide network on the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Alliance (SAHARA). She has also served as professor and head of department of Health Systems Management and Policy at the Medical University of Southern Africa.
She has global health experience, obtained while serving as executive director of the World Health Organisations Family and Community Health, where she oversaw HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, women’s health and child and youth development programmes. At a national level, Prof. Shisana served as director general of the South African Department of Health, the first woman to head the national health services. She had previously served as a specialist scientist at the South African Medical Research Council.
She co‐ordinated the establishment of the School of Public Health at the University of the Western Cape, which has been in operation since 1993. She also served as the Chief Statistical Advisor to the District of Columbia, responsible for public health, mental health and social services research.
Prof. Shisana has addressed a number of global and international meetings such as the 49th World Health Assembly as chairperson of one of the committees, the 4th International Conference on Health Promotion, the Development Committee of the European Union Parliament, the Committee for Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly in the follow‐ up to the World Summit for Children, and a meeting of the U.S Congressional Brain Trust, where she spoke on HIV/AIDS.
She obtained her Doctor of Science degree in behavioural sciences at the Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, an institution that admitted her to the Society of Scholars ‐ an honour given to public health graduates who have made significant contribution to public health. She is also a founding member of the South African Academy of Sciences.
Over the last five years, Prof. Shisana was the principal investigator and main author of several reports emanating from large studies, and has written numerous chapters in books and articles in scientific journals.
DR SIBUSISO SIFUNDA Dr Sibusiso Sifunda, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Specialist in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) research programme of the Human Science Research Council, Pretoria. Prior to joining the HSRC Dr Sifunda was a Chief Specialist Scientist at the Medical Research Council. He obtained his MPH in Epidemiology, from the University of Cape Town in 2002 and later graduated with a PhD in Public Health from the Universiteit Maastricht, the Netherlands in 2006. He has worked as a public health researcher since 2001 and has worked in various projects in Epidemiology Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences including large scale survey such as the YRBS and community based interventions. Dr Sifunda has extensive experience in managing all
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aspects of prevention/intervention and behavioral research studies ranging from training of counselors and interviewers to data collection to research manual development to data analyses. He has published more than 20 peer‐reviewed papers and several conference presentations. Dr Sifunda has also worked as public health consultant and advisor in Botswana on a programme funded by the Gates Foundation. He was also a Co‐PI in the Swaziland Prison Project (2010‐2012) in a collaboration with Morehouse School of Medicine and the University of Swaziland He was also involved in a research capacity development Programme for tertiary institutions in Mozambique funded by the EU in partnership with MUNDO a Netherlands based development agency. He also serves as a scientific reviewer in several international public health journals such as Aids and Behavior, Health Education Research and the International Journal of Prisoner Health.
PROF. LEICKNESS SIMBAYI Prof. Simbayi is the Executive Director in the HIV/AIDS Sexually Transmitted infections (STIs) and TB programme (HAST). He holds a D.Phil. degree in Experimental Psychology from the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom which he completed in 1986. He is a registered Research Psychologist with the Health Professions Council of South Africa`s Professional Board of Psychology. He was previously the Acting and then Executive Director of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health (SAHA) from February 2008 until June 2010 after which he became Executive Director of HAST from July 2010 onwards. Before that he was a Research Director in charge of the Behavioural and Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS (BSAHA) from November 2001 until July 2007 when he was promoted to Deputy Executive Director of SAHA, a post he held until May 2009. From 2001 until 2008, he also served as the Regional Coordinator of the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (SAHARA) network in Southern Africa. He is also currently an Honorary Professor of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town.
Before joining the HSRC Prof. Simbayi taught for 15 years at 5 universities, namely, the Universities of Zambia, then Bophuthatswana (now North West), Port Elizabeth (now Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University), Fort Hare, and Western Cape. He was an Associate Professor and Head of the Psychology Department while at the last two universities. He was promoted to Full Professor in Psychology at the last one in 2000. He has also previously served as a Visiting Professor of Psychology at the University of the Western Cape from 2003‐2005, Extraordinary Professor of Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch from 2008‐2011, and Senior Research Scientist (Gratis) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Connecticut at Storrs from 2007‐2011.
His main area of research interest is on the social aspects of HIV/AIDS and STIs. In particular, his research has focused on second‐generation HIV behavioural surveillance especially at national and local levels as well as in different economic sectors, HIV/AIDS‐related stigma and discrimination, orphans and vulnerable children, determinants of HIV infection (such as poverty, alcohol and drug use, gender‐based violence, sex in the presence of blood, multiple sexual partnerships, and male circumcision), and theory‐based HIV/STI social and behavioural risk reduction interventions including positive prevention which targets people living with HIV/AIDS who are aware of their status.
Prof. Simbayi’s publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of 99 articles and 15 abstracts in peer‐reviewed scientific journals, 16 research reports, nine book chapters, and one book review. In 2009 he co‐edited a book entitled HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years on: Psychosocial Perspectives which was published by Springer of New York. He has also presented over 250 papers at both local and international conferences as well as colloquia and symposia.
Prof. Simbayi previously served as an Associate Editor of AIDS & Behaviour from 2006‐2009 and he is currently an Associate Editor of Journal of Psychology in Africa. He also serves on the International Advisory Board of Vulnerable Children and Youth. He also served as the Chair of the South African National AIDS Council’s Research Sector from 2010‐2012. He currently also coordinates the Secretariat of the Global HIV Prevention Working Group which is hosted by the HSRC. He is a member of the Psychological Society of South Africa, International AIDS Society, and Academy of Science of South Africa. From 2009‐ 2010 he served as a Member of the UNESCO?s Culture, HIV and AIDS programme Interdisciplinary Working Group (IWG) on "Strengthening national policies and priorities among Ministries in sub‐Saharan Africa" and the UNAIDS Prevention Reference Group (2009‐ 2010). He is currently a member of the Civil Society Reference Group to the World Health Organisation’s HIV
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Department. Finally, he also sits on the Board of an international non‐governmental organisation (NGO) known as AIDS Accountability International and he is also the Chairperson of the Boards of Management of two local non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) based in Cape Town, namely, Caring Network and Partners for Sexual Health.
DR MOSES SITHOLE Dr Moses Mefika Sithole is a Chief Research Specialist in the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII) of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). He holds a PhD in Statistics which he obtained from Curtin University in Australia in 1998. Before he joined the HSRC in November 2009, he was a Statistician and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Management at the University of Swaziland, where his areas of research included the application of Statistics in Food Security, Health, Nutrition, Poverty, Social Cohesion and Access to ICT. His CeSTII and HSRC‐wide work includes the application of statistics in the development and measurement of Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, and Health Indicators. He has published widely in peer‐reviewed journals, book chapters, monographs as well as the HSRC Review and client reports in most of the above areas.
DR KONOSOANG SOBANE Konosoang Sobane is a research intern in RIA (Science Communication). She holds a PhD in linguistics, with specialisation in multilingual healthcare communication, from Stellenbosch University. She has previously worked as a lecturer in linguistics at the National University of Lesotho. My research and teaching areas are: Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis.
MR JEAN‐PAUL SOLOMON Jean‐Paul Solomon is a junior researcher in the Human and Social Development unit at the Human Sciences Research Council. He holds a Masters degree in sociology from the University of Cape Town. He is especially interested in research focused on youth aspirations, decision‐making and transitions, with particular attention to how they are shaped by race and class in changing contexts.
DR NELIA STEYN Dr Nelia Steyn is a chief research specialist in the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (CSSEDN) (nutrition). She holds a Master's in public health at the University of Cape Town, and obtained a PhD in community health from the University of Stellenbosch. She was previously the interim director of the Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle unit at the Medical Research Council and prior to that she was the director of research at the University of Limpopo. She introduced the Bachelor of Nutrition degree at the University of Limpopo (Sovenga campus) and was Professor and head of the Department of Human Nutrition for nearly 10 years.
Her areas of research interest include: food security, dietary methodology, public health nutrition and nutrition and chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and obesity.
Dr Steyn's publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of more than 60 conference presentations and 90 articles and book chapters. Her most recent work, published in Public Health Nutrition, investigated the nutrition workforce in South Africa.
MRS JARÈ STRUWIG Mrs. Jarè Struwig is a Senior Research Manager at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), working in the Democracy Governance and Service Delivery Unit. She holds a Masters degree in Research Psychology from the University of Pretoria. She has 20 years experience in the field of research and has authored several research papers, journal articles and chapters in books. She has also represented the HSRC t national and international conferences. During her research career she has conducted several research projects, including environmental assessments and pro‐poor tourism projects. Since 1994, she has also been involved in the monitoring of local and national government elections in South Africa. For the past decade, her interest has shifted to quantitative research and large scale national surveys‐more specifically monitoring social attitudes
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in South Africa. She is currently the coordinator of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) which attempts chart and explain the interaction between the country’s changing institutions, its political and economic structures, and the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of its diverse populations. She has been managing this national survey since its inception in 2003. She is also the South African representative on the International Social Surveys Programme (ISSP) where she advises on best practices and research methodologies in surveys research.
PROF. SHARLENE SWARTZ Sharlene Swartz is a research director in the Human and Social Development research programme of the Human Sciences Research Council, and an adjunct Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. She holds a master’s degree from Harvard University and a doctorate from the University of Cambridge. Her research interest lies in the area of youth marginalisation, inequalities, and social values, on which topics she has authored or edited six books and published in excess of 36 papers or book chapters.
DR DIMITRI TASSIOPOULOS Dr Tassiopoulos is a Chief Research Manager of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (SAHARA) within the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) programme of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and a Research Associate of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa.
Dr Tassiopoulos’ career has focused on strategic governance and entrepreneurship within the small business sector. He has an in‐depth understanding of corporate governance as a set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions affecting the way people direct, administer or control organisations; and, the relationships among the stakeholders and the organisational goals. He is a leading advocate of the importance of entrepreneurship for the sustainable economic development of the tourism industry. His areas of specialisation are entrepreneurship and innovation; corporate governance; and, sustainable economic, social and environmental development.
Dr Tassiopoulos is a C3 rated researcher of the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa.
MS FURZANA TIMOL Furzana is a Masters intern in the Human and Social Development Programme at the HSRC. She holds an Honours degree in Economics from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, and is currently studying towards a Masters degree in Development Studies also at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her masters dissertation is a quantitative analysis looking at water quality and its impact on childhood health in South Africa using the General Household Survey.
She takes interest in a variety of areas of research including socio‐economic development, family studies and child health.
MS KIM TROLLIP Kim Trollip is a born writer and cut her teeth in the mass media, writing for Engineering News. That was the start of a long journey in the world of science writing, even before the field was formally recognised in this country. A stint as editor of the SA Veterinary Association’s magazine VetNews was followed by time spent at the National Research Foundation (NRF) writing about anything from astrophysics to zoology. She has experience in web content management and online community management, where she focuses on facilitating research uptake using online tools and social media.
MR GLENN TSHWEU Mr Glenn Tshweu holds an BIS (Bachelor of Information Science degree) from the University of Pretoria. Mr Tshweu is currently doing an internship with the Department of Sciences and Technology placed at the Human Science Research Council, where he is part of the Research Data Management Centre unit. During the previous year, Mr Tshweu occupied an internship at the Department of Public Enterprises; he was an intern in the Knowledge Centre, where he had knowledge and
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information management responsibilities that ranged from implementing a departmental knowledge management strategy, monitoring and evaluating the management of information and knowledge sources by users.
Mr Tshweu has experience with managing information and knowledge resources using both manual and electronic approaches/systems. He is currently doing his Information Science honours degree with the University of South Africa.
MS NTABISENG TSOANAMATSIE Ms Nthabiseng Tsoanamatsie is a young economist from the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) where she works as a researcher in the Economic Performance and Development (EPD) unit. She holds an Honours degree economics from the University of Pretoria. She completed her Masters degree in economics (course work) from the University of Pretoria in 2011. Her research for her Masters degree was on the impact of financial development on economic growth on the emerging market economies of the BRICS, and she made use of panel time‐series estimation technique for this study. During her time at the University of Pretoria she worked as an economics tutor, then a lecturer assistant as well as a research assistant.
PROF. IVAN TUROK Professor Ivan Turok is Deputy Executive Director in the Economic Performance and Development Unit of the HSRC. He is Honorary Professor at the Universities of Cape Town and Glasgow, and has a PhD in Economics, MSc in Planning and BSc in Geography. Before returning to South Africa and joining the HSRC in 2010 he was Professor and Research Director of the Department of Urban Studies at Glasgow University.
Professor Turok's fields of expertise include the spatial economy (regions, cities and neighbourhoods), local labour markets and economic development. His research on unemployment, regional development, city competitiveness, urban regeneration and spatial inequalities is highly cited internationally. He is a regular expert adviser to the United Nations, OECD, European Commission, SA Government, UK Government and African Development Bank. He is a board member of the Regional Studies Association and is on the editorial board of four international journals.
He has published over 100 academic papers, chapters and books and has a B1 rating from the National Research Foundation. He was the principal author of the 2011 State of South African Cities Report. Other books include the State of English Cities (2006), Changing Cities: Rethinking Urban Competitiveness, Cohesion and Governance (2005), Twin Track Cities (2005), The Jobs Gap in Britain?s Cities (1999) and The Coherence of EU Regional Policy(1997).
Professor Turok has 30 years teaching experience in urban and regional economics, policy analysis and evaluation, local labour markets, economic development, urban regeneration and spatial planning. He has supervised 12 PhDs to successful completion and numerous Masters students.
MS BOMKAZI TUTSHANA She is a Masters intern, in the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB programme at the Human Sciences Research Council. She has currently submitted a Masters dissertation entitled “Telling iintsomi and identity construction” in pursuit of a qualification as a Research Psychologist. She has previously worked at the Africa Centre for Health and Population studies, as a supervisor for Umthombo Wentsha Youth Intervention Project, a project aimed at alleviating HIV infection among youth through community participation. Within the HSRC, she has worked on the following projects: South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES‐1); Assessment of HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) Services in South Africa; Screening and Brief Intervention of Alcohol Use among Tuberculosis (SBI TB); and loveLife Evaluation Survey (loveLife). She has co‐authored 8 articles in the field of risk behaviour and HIV prevention, alcohol use and tuberculosis control.
MR THEMBINKOSI TWALO Thembinkosi Twalo is studying for a PhD at Mandela Metropolitan University. His research is on `Education and training response to labour market demands for accounting services in the Buffalo City Municipality.
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At the HSRC, he has participated in several research projects including Further Education and Training College Systems Audit to ascertain state of readiness for inclusion into Higher Education and Training; Impact of skills development support on small, medium and large firms, BEE firms and BEE co‐operatives; Impact assessment of skills development on service delivery in government departments; and many others. He has taught at Vista University and Fort Hare University and published research articles in accredited journals and a book chapter and made presentations at national and international conferences. He has received training in Stata; SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences); Mastering Information Resources; Grant procurement; Mentoring and coaching; Project Management; Strategic Leadership and Management Development; Moderation and assessment.
MARY VAN DER RIET Mary van der Riet is a senior lecturer in Psychology at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. She conducted her doctoral research on HIV/AIDS and behaviour change using an activity theory perspective. She has published articles related to HIV and AIDS, research methodology, research ethics and children, and participatory research. She is currently engaged in an HIV and AIDS interventionist research project in a rural area in South Africa.
MR CHARL VAN DER MERWE Mr Charl van der Merwe Research Assistant, Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA). Mr Charl van der Merwe is currently an MA candidate in Development Studies at the University of Johannesburg. He holds a BA (Honours) in Development Studies from the University of the Western Cape’s Institute for Social Development (2008) and a BA in International Studies from the University of Stellenbosch (2006). His research interests and focus is urbanisation and sustainable urban livelihoods in Africa, focusing in particular on urban food security in African cities.
DR ALASTAIR VAN HEERDEN Alastair van Heerden completed his PhD at the University of the Witwatersrand. He joined the Human Science Research Council (HSRC) in 2008 as part of a team exploring how best to support the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) health programme in Southern Africa. His current research interest is at the interface of pervasive computing and health; particularly, how to harness inexpensive mobile technology to support health research in low resource settings. Mr. van Heerden is the Project Manager of Project "Sibhekelela Izingane Zethu" (SIZE), whose aim is to establish how children, families and communities cope with the combined challenges of poverty and HIV/AIDS.
DR HEIDI VAN ROOYEN Dr Heidi van Rooyen heads the Social, Behavioural and Biomedical Interventions Unit of the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme in the HSRC. As the Head of Office for the HSRC’s rural Sweetwaters office, She provides leadership, scientific support and oversight to three large scale multi‐year social behavioral studies that operate there. She leads a team of experts who advise the South African National Department of Health on HCT policy related matters. Currently, She is conducting operations research on the national HCT Campaign. She is the site PI for the University of Washington’s PEPFAR MP3 and NIH RC4 grants on home‐based counseling and testing and the Couples in Context study with the University of California – San Francisco.
DR CHRISTA VAN ZYL Dr Van Zyl is responsible for research co‐ordination and research ethics in the organisation, functions attached to the office of the Deputy CEO Research.
She holds a PhD in comparative education as well as an MBA (cum laude) from the University of Pretoria. Her MBA research report focused on the role of Key Performance Indicators in strategy implementation, and her PhD dissertation on the impact and implementation of research.
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Prior to joining the HSRC, Dr Van Zyl worked as a high school mathematics teacher. She joined the Group: Education and Training at the HSRC as a junior researcher and has been involved in a broad range of projects. As researcher, project leader and research co‐ordinator, she was involved in policy‐relevant research projects covering such areas as the development and implementation of the national qualifications framework (NQF); the implementation of Curriculum 2005; effective governance and management in education; and the evaluation and effective utilisation of educational media such as radio, TV, video and computers in schools. Some of the above projects also included the development of learning materials or evaluation instruments.
Apart from experience as a researcher, Dr Van Zyl has worked in the HSRC as a research administrator for the Social Dynamics Group, and as funding co‐ordinator in the Office of the CEO. She currently serves as National Contact Point (NCP) for the Socio‐Economic and Humanities (SSH) thematic area under the European Union’s seventh Framework Programme for research (EUFP7). Christa has authored, co‐authored or edited various client reports, book chapters, journal articles, occasional papers, conference papers and conference proceedings.
MS ANNA XOYANE Anna Xoyane Completed matric in 2005 and attended the North‐West University. She has a BA in Development and Management (2008), Honors BA in Political Studies (2009) and Masters in Development and Management (2012). Presented a paper article titled: Role of Thusong Service Centers in the Development of Communication and Information Programmes: a youth perspective, together with her MA supervisor in 2012 at the AYGS Conference in Venda.
Anna is currently an intern at Africa Institute of South Africa
MR JOHAN VAN ZYL Mr Johan van Zyl is a Senior Research Specialist in the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB (HAST) research programme. He has a BA (Hons) degrees in geography from the University of Pretoria.
Before joining the HSRC, Mr van Zyl was employed by the Bureau for Market Research at the University of South Africa, and served in an advisory capacity for a number of local and international organisations.
His areas of research expertise include analytical demography, population projections, estimation of fertility and mortality rates from survey data, applied demography, field surveys, questionnaire design, sample specifications, and detailed knowledge of the principles of data analysis.
Mr van Zyl has delivered various papers at national and international conferences, and written or edited several books, chapters and client reports in areas related to demography as well as other survey‐based studies.
MR REDWAAN VERMAAK Redwaan Vermaak has over 8 year of experience in supervising, managing and coordinating programs which include behavioral surveillance on behavioral risk factors linked to HIV/AIDS and theory‐ based intervention development and implementation. These programs were conducted at localized sites which included clinics as well as multi‐level intervention programs at group and community level. He holds a masters degree in Research Psychology.
MR JOHAN VILJOEN Mr Johan Viljoen is a senior researcher in the Democracy and Governance (D&G) research programme. He holds a master's degree in geography from the University of South Africa.
Mr Viljoen has more than ten years' experience in both qualitative and quantitative research, and has been involved in several research projects and large‐scale surveys. His research outputs mainly pertain to tourism, population studies and the
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environment. He has been the author and co‐author of a number of peer‐reviewed journal articles, book chapters and client reports.
MS MARIËTTE VISSER Mariette Visser is a research manager in the Education and Skills Development (ESD) research programme of the Human Sciences Research Council. She holds an honours degree in Mathematics from the University of Pretoria, a post‐graduate National Certificate in Datametrics and a master’s degree in Information Systems from UNISA. Her most recent work is in the domain of information systems’ evaluation: investigating suitable models to evaluate the performance of management information systems (MIS) at public further education and training (FET) colleges in South Africa. An evaluation model based on extant MIS success evaluation models was developed and tested.
MS ELME VIVIER Elmé Vivier is a Researcher in the DGSD research programme. Before joining the HSRC she was an Assistant Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Pretoria. She has a Masters degree in Philosophy from the University of Pretoria, and a Bachelors degree in Political Science from the University of Florida in the U.S. She has been involved in both qualitative and quantitative research at the HSRC, and covering a range of issues, from service delivery and community participation to the Chinese presence in South Africa. She is currently coordinating the Community Engagement component of a study being conducted by DGSD for the Cities Support Programme of National Treasury. The study aims to strengthen governance at the city level, within which Community Engagement processes are an essential part. Her research interests are political theory, governance and community participation, and ethics.
DR NJERI WABIRI Dr Njeri Wabiri is Chief Research Manager of the HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Programme. She holds a B. Ed. in Science; a M.Sc. in Mathematical Statistics both from Kenyatta University in Kenya, and a PhD in Statistical Sciences from the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Before joining the HSRC in September 2008, She was a Specialist Analyst of the Financial and Fiscal Commission of South Africa, a constitutional institution mandated to advice SA government on Equitable Sharing of Nationally raised Revenue. She was Senior Biostatistician with the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE)‐ African Insect Science for Food and Health in Kenya and Statistical Consultant/Research Associate with the Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR) in Kenya. She is a member of the Third World Academy of Women Scientists (TWOWS) and the International Biometrics Society (IBS).
Her areas of research covers Statistical Science with special focus on Design and Analysis of Experiments and Survey, Non‐ parametric Statistics, Fuzzy Geostatistics, Spatial Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Modeling, Stochastic Models and Statistical Thinking Capacity Strengthening. Dr Wabiri's publications cover Spatial Uncertainty GIS modelling of Environmental Pollution and Portfolio modelling of Energy Imports Risk with particular application to South Africa.
Dr Wabiri's HSRC publications covers the publication on the assessment reports and the Minimum standards for HIV counselling and Testing (HTC) as well as Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AID (PMTCT) in SADC region; Evaluation of HIV Prevention Interventions that work.
Njeri was also key is designing the research strategy for the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDs Research alliance for the Africa Region.
MS GINA WEIR SMITH Gina Weir‐Smith has extensive experience in social science research, especially in the areas of the corporate implementation of GIS, the application of GIS to social science problems, spatial data modelling and project management. She has undertaken projects for organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Department of Social Development, Universal
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Service and Access Agency of South Africa (USAASA) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). She holds a master's degree in geographic information systems from the University of Stellenbosch.
Gina is the lead author of seven HSRC research reports, co‐author of twenty research reports and has read twelve papers at international conferences. She has also been a successful project manager for the projects she was involved in.
MS MARIE WENTZEL Ms Marie Wentzel is a chief researcher in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery research programme. She holds an MA (cum laude) in History from the University of Stellenbosch and is currently busy with a PhD in History at the University of Pretoria. Before joining the HSRC, she worked at the University of Stellenbosch, where she was responsible for research on the South African Labour Party.
Her areas of research interest include: international and internal migration and South Africa's political history. Most recently she was the migration expert for the HSRC project on human trafficking and involved in projects on service delivery, and social cohesion and nation building. Her publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of a number of journal articles, chapters in books, research reports and conference papers. In 1993 and 1994, she was a co‐receiver of the HSRC's Board Award for Multi‐disciplinary Research
MS LISA WIEBESIEK –PIENAAR Lisa Wiebesiek is a PhD intern in the Education and Skills Development Programme at the Human Sciences Research Council. She completed her Master’s Degree in Linguistics at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Lisa is a PhD candidate at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal. Her study explores the constructions and performances of femininities among girls in a secondary school in rural KwaZulu‐Natal in the context of HIV&AIDS, gender‐based Violence, and poverty.
DR ANGELIQUE WILDSCHUT Dr Angelique Wildschut is post‐doctoral fellow/research specialist in the Education and Skills Development Research Programme at the Human Sciences Research Council. Her most recent work focuses on professions and artisanal occupations. She has focused much of her research career on investigating how disparities and inequalities are illustrated in the professions and is now extending this to focus more on artisanal occupations.
MRS AURENE WILFORD Aurene has completed a MA in Research Psychology and has an Honours degree in Environmental Science. She is currently working as a Junior researcher in HSD and has an interest in the child and youth studies, the plight of education in South Africa and the effects of climate change on society and individuals.
MS LOLITA WINNAAR Lolita Winnaar is a chief programmer in the Education and Skills Development unit. She holds a BSc Honours in statistics from the University of the Western Cape. She is currently studying towards a masters in demographic statistics.
Her focus areas are data management and statistical analysis and modeling. Her interest is in educational statistics; specifically in investigating the determinants of learner achievement using multilevel statistical techniques.
In addition, she has participated in and presented papers at the HSRC annual conference, as well as at seminars hosted by the HSRC.
Before joining the HSRC, Lolita worked at Rhodes University's Information Technology division as a support consultant.
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DR KE YU Dr Yu is a post‐doctoral fellow in the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery (DGSD) programme. She holds a Master's in International Business at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, and obtained a PhD in Educational Management and Policy Studies from the University of Pretoria. Her doctoral thesis was on researcher‐ practitioner engagement in qualitative educational research.
Her primary research interests include research‐practice‐policy relationship, identity and otherness, knowledge production, oriental, occidental and Africa comparison, and disciplinary and interdisciplinary evolution, particularly that of the social science and humanities.
Her publication record spans the authoring and co‐authoring of over 15 journal articles, reports and conference presentations. Her most recent work will be in print in span class ="International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, explores the nature of the researcher‐practitioner relationship in qualitative educational research publications.
MS S’BO ZAMA S’bonisile Zama is a GIS Specialist for Population Health, Health Systems & Innovation of the Human Sciences Research Council. She holds a B.Admin. Degree from the University of South Africa with majors in Business Economics and Public Administration and Honours degree in Demography from the University of Pretoria. Further training acquired includes Atlas GIS; Arc‐GIS; Spatial Modelling (accessibility modelling and small area estimation), poverty mapping and geography of growth. Her key competencies include spatial database development, map development and production, development planning, liaison and networking skills, marketing, programme/project co‐ordination and organisation of stakeholder meetings and workshops.
Before joining the HSRC S’bonisile was employed by The KwaZulu‐Natal Department of Economic Development and Tourism firstly as a Community Liaison Officer (1992‐1994) and as a Business Economist and later as a Geographer for the RDP Chief Directorate (1995‐1998). She joined the HSRC in 1999 and her areas of interest include economic development, tourism and service delivery monitoring.
She served in the Ministerial Task Team on the Re‐designation of the Magisterial District Courts from 2008‐2011. She is currently serving in the task team for Climate Change: Adaptation Strategy for Rural Settlements. She has participated and presented papers both nationally and internationally.
DR SIPHAMANDLA ZONDI Dr Siphamandla Zondi is the director of the Institute for Global Dialogue and honorary professor of politics and development studies at UNISA. He received his BA and BA Hons at University of Durban‐Westville (UDW) and an MPhil and DPhil in African Studies at University of Cambridge, UK. He lectured for short stints at UDW and the former Rands Afrikaans University. He later co‐ordinated the SADC integration programme at the Africa Institute of South Africa before being appointed Director of the Africa and Southern Africa at the Institute for Global Dialogue (IGD). In that position, he led the Institute’s two‐track diplomacy transition projects on the Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, Chad Sudan, and Zimbabwe. In January 2010, he was appointed the Executive Director of the IGD, responsible for its strategic direction and positioning internationally. Dr Zondi has published widely on issues of regional integration, South Africa’s international relations and foreign policy, governance in Africa, social policy, public health, migration‐development nexus and soft power politics. He is a regular political analyst in the media, while he is also involved the training of diplomats and senior staffers at the Defence College.
DR KHANGELANI ZUMA Dr Khangelani Zuma is a Research Director and head of biostatistics at the Human Sciences Research Council in the HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and TB (HAST) research unit based in Pretoria. He holds a PhD in statistics from the University
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of Waikato, New Zealand, and MSc in Biostatistics from Hasselt University (former Limburgs Universitaire Centrum) in Belgium.
Dr Zuma has over 10 years experience as a statistician. He has been involved in large scale surveys and clinical trials as a statistician focusing on conceptualization, design and implementation of these studies. His expertise and research interest span around survey design, complex data analyses, linear and non‐linear mixed models, hierarchicalBayesian models, (correlated) survival data analyses, epidemiology: modeling infectious diseases data, HIV incidence estimation and monitoring and evaluation of HIV intervention programs.
HeDr has also taught statistics at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. His recent publications include authoring and co‐authoring papers published in peer‐reviewed journals in the areas of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, migration and biostatistics. He has presented papers at both local and international conferences.
DR MPUMI ZUNGU Dr Nompumelelo Zungu is a Chief Research Specialist at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and holds a PhD in Psychology from the University of Cape Town. She has 15 years research experience and has worked on numerous research projects at the Medical Research Council and the HSRC. She was a Co‐Director of the fourth population‐based National HIV and AIDS Prevalence Pilot Study and has extensive experience managing national and international collaborations on HIV and AIDS. She is widely published and has co‐authored over 30 research articles, 4 chapters, and 11 research reports.
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