Observations of Milky Storks Mycteria Cinerea in Percut, North Sumatra, Indonesia CHRIS R
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70 BirdingASIA 11 (2009): 70–72 BIRD TO WATCH Observations of Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea in Percut, North Sumatra, Indonesia CHRIS R. SHEPHERD & GIYANTO Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea is restricted to South- the species, since it is not mentioned in the East Asia, where it is primarily a coastal bird, found comprehensive review in BirdLife International on mudflats, in mangroves and in brackish areas, (2001), which lists only four sites for Milky Stork and sometimes in swamps and paddyfields in North Sumatra, the only recent one being in (BirdLife International 2001, Li et al. 2006). The 1993. Percut is a small fishing village on the Strait species is in decline throughout its range, faced of Malacca, about a 45-minute drive from the with habitat loss, hunting and capture for trade, provincial capital, Medan. Percut is visited by local such that it has the IUCN status Vulnerable weekend tourists, mostly coming from Medan, to (BirdLife International 2001, Shepherd 2007, Iqbal enjoy inexpensive fresh seafood, rides in rented and Hasudungan 2008). In Malaysia it is on the boats up and down the rivers that flow into the verge of extinction, although efforts to increase the strait, and fish from stocked ponds amongst the wild population are being planned (Li et al. 2006, prawn farms. To date, the Milky Stork population Shepherd 2007). The Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Percut area appears to be the largest in North has the largest remaining populations of Milky Sumatra, although larger populations have been Storks throughout their range. recorded in South Sumatra (Iqbal & Hasudungan This report looks at a population of Milky Storks 2008). near the village of Percut (3º41’00”N 98º45’00”E), The area consists of a large mudflat and a North Sumatra, Indonesia. This appears to be an heavily disturbed mangrove forest, with two rivers important but previously unrecorded locality for emptying into the strait. The mangroves form a ALL PLATES: CHRIS R. SHEPHERD Plate 1. Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea loafing on mudflat, Percut, North Sumatra, October 2008. Plate 2. Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea over mudflat, Percut, North Sumatra, October 2008. BirdingASIA 11 (2009) 71 Plate 3. Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea allow close approach by fishermen, Percut, North Sumatra, October 2008. band between the mudflats and an area of Large flocks of Milky Storks very rarely mixed commercial prawn ponds. This entire area appears with other species, but small groups and single to be of great importance to a number of bird birds were often observed foraging with Great species, both resident and migrants, for feeding Egrets Egretta alba or Lesser Adjutants Leptoptilos and, for some, breeding. javanicus. Over high tide Milky Storks usually Percut was visited by at least one of us a total moved to a few resting places along the edge of of 39 times between 1997 and 2008 (inclusive), the mangroves, where they were often seen waiting but with no visits between 2002 and 2005 the turn of the tide with either Great Egrets or Lesser (inclusive). Observations were made from small Adjutants. They also moved further back from the motorised boats which were rented from local tideline to dry prawn ponds directly behind the fishermen, and in 2008 from a rock pier being mangroves bordering the mudflats. constructed at the mouth of the river. While the Milky Storks allowed fishermen During the period of our visits, Milky Storks within relatively close range (Plate 3), they did not appeared to be common in this particular location tolerate construction that was taking place at the and were observed on each visit, year round. A river mouth during visits made in April and May relatively large resident population exists in the 2007. Only a combined total of 19 Milky Storks area, with up to 278 birds recorded at once. Usually were observed in the area during two visits made birds were observed foraging or loafing on the in these months. mudflats near the river mouths (Plates 1 & 2), but No nests of Milky Storks were observed in the they also occurred upriver at high tide or in the area, although a few (less than five) juvenile birds evening. An average of 65 Milky Storks were have been observed in a flock of adults, foraging observed during each visit (n=39), with far fewer on the mudflats. The juvenile birds were identified seen at high tide. During surveys carried out from by their greyish-coloured plumage. To our 1997 to 2001, the largest flock observed was 180, knowledge, there are no reports of breeding of and the average number of birds observed per visit Milky Storks in North Sumatra; none is mentioned was 57 (n=19), while the same number of surveys in BirdLife International (2001). Local people in carried out from 2006 to 2008 (n=20) yielded an the village of Percut do not seem to know where average of 72. these birds might nest, and it is assumed that any 72 Observations of Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea in Percut, North Sumatra, Indonesia Plate 4. Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea flight view, Percut, North Sumatra, October 2008. colonies might be quite distant from these to locate where the birds are nesting and ensure mudflats. this area is adequately protected as well. Efforts to While the population of Milky Storks at Percut protect this species in Indonesia should be may currently be stable, further research and intensified if the overall decline is to be reversed. protection of their habitat in Percut, North Sumatra, is urgently required. Surveys should be carried out References BirdLife International (2001) Threatened birds of Asia. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Iqbal, M. & Hasudungan. H. (2008) Observations of Milky Storks Mycteria cinerea during 2001–2007 in South Sumatra province, Indonesia. BirdingASIA 9: 97–99. Li, Z. W. D., Siti Hawa Yatim, Howes, J. and Rahmah Ilias (2006) Status, overview and recommendations for the conservation of Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea in Malaysia: Final Report of the 2004/2006 Milky Stork Field Surveys in the Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Wetlands International and the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia. Shepherd, C. R. (2007). Flying away: the last stand for the Milky Storks in Southeast Asia. Asian Geographic 44(5): 102–105. Chris R. Shepherd TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Unit 9-3A, 3rd floor Jalan SS23/11, Taman SEA, 47400 Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected] Giyanto, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia Email: [email protected].