Wenn Der Staat Tötet: Todesstrafe in Japan
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Citizen Judges in Japan: a Report Card for the Initial Three Years
CITIZEN JUDGES IN JAPAN: A REPORT CARD FOR THE INITIAL THREE YEARS Hon. Antoinette Plogstedt* I. INTRODUCTION Previous literature is critical of the European features of the Japanese jury system, including the joint deliberation by judges and citizens on juries, majority voting, non-waiver of jury trial by the defense, as well as juror confidentiality requirements. This Article presents contrary arguments that the Japanese should maintain the current features of their system and expand the jury system to cover even more criminal offenses, to eventually covering civil cases. The offered recommendations include eliminating prosecutor appeals to maintain legitimacy of the jury system and promulgating procedural rules requiring that lay jurors deliberate and vote separately from the professional judges. During the past twelve years as an Orange County Judge in Orlando, Florida, I had the privilege of presiding over many criminal jury trials. I prosecuted state crimes early in my legal career. Recently, I observed the public's reaction to one of the highly publicized jury trials to take place inside the courthouse where I presided. In the case of Florida v. Case Anthony,' the extensive international media coverage furthered the public's interest in our local state jury system. When the verdict was published, groups and individuals expressed their adamant pleasure or displeasure with the verdict. As it typically occurs with intense media coverage of trials, citizens begin to take a closer look at the role of juries. Those who agreed with the verdict praised the modem US jury system. Those who disagreed with the verdict discredited the jury. During my years of judicial service, I also had unique opportunities to meet with foreign judges from Brazil and South Korea. -
Cyclone Mora Wreaks Havoc, Cuts Power in Maungtaw
MTSH stOCK TRADING VOLUME ROSE WITH ALL-TIME LOW PRICE P-5 (BUSINEss) Vol. IV, No. 44, 6th Waxing of Nayon 1379 ME www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com Wednesday, 31 May 2017 NATIONAL Natural disaster management committee discusses 2016 survey PAGE-3 NATIONAL Senior General holds talks with Turkish Ambassador PAGE-9 NATIONAL Parkland rental fees in Yangon to be examined Firefighters remove debris left by Cyclone Mora as it brushed past Maungtaw, Rakhine State yesterday on its way to Bangladesh. PHOTO: YE HTUT PAGE-3 Cyclone Mora wreaks havoc, cuts power in Maungtaw NATIONAL India Myanmar Thailand highway: By Min Thit fied in the Bay of Bengal and tions,” said U Thant Zin, head alert due to the lack of com- Project is likely to start travelled north, making land- of the Maungtaw Township Fire munications and power supply from next month, says CYCLONE Mora wreaked hav- fall in Bangladesh but affect- Services Department. since early morning,” said U Ye Nitin Gadkari oc in Maungtaw Township in ing northern Rakhine State in The wind reached its max- Htut, Maungtaw District Com- PAGe-6 northern Rakhine State, leav- western Myanmar. imum sustained speed at about missioner. ing transportation and commu- “We have removed the 4am with heavy rain, cutting Local authorities have car- nications in chaos and causing debris in the roads since the communications around 6am, ried out evacuations, cleared LOCAL BUSINEss a loss in power to the township storm made landfall. I’m not he added. roads and started to compile a Over Ks56,000 million as it crossed into Bangladesh sure if the storm killed people “Security has also been list of damaged buildings. -
Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia
CONFRONTING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN ASIA 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd i 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:47:24:47 PPMM 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd iiii 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:48:24:48 PPMM Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia Human Rights, Politics, and Public Opinion Edited by ROGER HOOD Professor Emeritus of Criminology University of Oxford and SURYA DEVA Associate Professor City University of Hong Kong 1 000_Hood_FM.indd0_Hood_FM.indd iiiiii 110/22/20130/22/2013 44:24:48:24:48 PPMM 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Th e several contributors 2013 Th e moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer -
90004780.Pdf
Kobe University Repository : Kernel Running Multiple Candidates, Dividing the Vote Under the Single Nontransferable Vote System: Evidence From Japan's Upper House タイトル Elections(Running Multiple Candidates and Dividing the Vote under the Title Single Non-Transferable Vote System: Evidence from Japan's Upper House Elections) 著者 Fujimura, Naofumi Author(s) 掲載誌・巻号・ページ Asian Politics & Policy,9(3):402-426 Citation 刊行日 2017-07 Issue date 資源タイプ Journal Article / 学術雑誌論文 Resource Type 版区分 author Resource Version © 2017 Policy Studies Organization. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Asian 権利 Politics & Policy, 9(3):402-426, 2017], which has been published in final Rights form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12331. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. DOI 10.1111/aspp.12331 JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/90004780 PDF issue: 2021-10-04 Running Multiple Candidates and Dividing the Vote under the Single Non-Transferable Vote System: Evidence from Japan’s Upper House Elections Forthcoming in Asian Policy and Politics Naofumi Fujimura Kobe University [email protected] Abstract: Political parties seek to make optimal nominations of candidates to maximize the number of seats they may win. In a multi-member district with a single non-transferable vote (SNTV) electoral system, parties need to run the optimal number of candidates in each electoral district. If too many or too few candidates are run, they may lose seats they might otherwise have won. -
THE DEATH PENALTY in JAPAN: Denial of the Right to Life and Other Human Rights Violations
THE DEATH PENALTY IN JAPAN: Denial of the Right to Life and other human rights violations Published on the occasion of 10 October 2014, World Day Against the Death Penalty Excerpt of a report submitted for the July 2014 session of the UN Human Rights Committee by : The Center for Prisoners’ Rights The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) The Advocates for Human Rights The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty INTRODUCTION The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), the World Coalition against the Death Penalty (WCADP), the Advocates for Human Rights, and the Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan (CPR) jointly prepared and submitted a report to the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Committee for its 111th session in July 2014, when it reviewed the human rights situation in Japan. In particular, the report examined the imposition of the death penalty and the lack of due process that often accompanies death sentences in Japan. Since 26 December 2012, Justice Minister Sadakazu Tanigaki has ordered the executions of eight inmates, and more executions are expected to take place in the near future, a clear violation of the basic human right to life, and a disturbing trend that runs counter to the global movement towards the abolition of the death penalty. Equally concerning is that many death sentences in Japan are implemented with disregard to international law, including denying the right of prisoners to seek appeal in death penalty cases. Death sentences are often imposed by lay judges, a system which violates international standards for a fair trial. Japan has also failed to prevent the execution of persons with mental illness or disability. -
ASIA-PACIFIC APRIL 2010 VOLUME 59 Focus Asia-Pacific Newsletter of the Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center (HURIGHTS OSAKA) June 2012 Vol
FOCUS ASIA-PACIFIC APRIL 2010 VOLUME 59 Focus Asia-Pacific Newsletter of the Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center (HURIGHTS OSAKA) June 2012 Vol. 68 Contents Editorial Detention Centers and Prisons in Japan This is a discussion of the issues regarding Japanese detention centers and prisons International Pressure that have been discussed in the Universal Period Review of Japan in 2008. - HURIGHTS OSAKA International pressure, with international media support, can Page 2 force governments to take action on specific human rights violations. It can make governments admit the existence of Death Penalty in Japan such human rights violations, or hold those responsible for This is an edited version of the section on the violations accountable. death penalty of the counterreport filed by the International Federation for Human Rights and the Center for Prisoners’ Rights But the more “regular” international pressure may not have for the second Universal Periodic Review the same impact. International pressure arising from of Japan. - International Federation for Human conclusions, recommendations, general comments and Rights and the Center for Prisoners’ Rights resolutions of the human rights bodies of the United Nations Page 6 (UN) needs assistance to create national impact. Map Ta Phut: New Minamata? Outside the halls of the UN and beyond the circle of human This is a presentation of the issues rights organizations lobbying in the UN, much of the analyses regarding industrialization and the right of and recommendations by the human rights bodies for better people to health focusing on the case of promotion and protection of human rights remain unknown Map Ta Phut village in the Eastern Seaboard Industrial Zone in Thailand. -
Prison and the Death Penalty in Japan
Stakeholder’s Information Report for the 14th session of the Working Group on the UPR – April 2012 Prison and the Death Penalty in Japan FIDH1 Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan (CPR)2 International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) 17, passage de la main d'or, 75011 Paris, France Tél: 33 (0) 1 43 5525 18 Center for Prisoners‟ Rights Japan (CPR) Raffine Shinjuku #902, 1-36-5 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-0022 Phone: +81(0)3-5379-5055 1 Founded in 1922, FIDH is an international NGO defending all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It acts in the legal and political field for the creation and reinforcement of international instruments for the protection of Human Rights and for their implementation. FIDH is a non-partisan, non-religious, apolitical and non-profit organisation. It currently has 164 member organisations. 2 The Center for Prisoners‟ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. CPR„s goal is to reform Japanese prison conditions in accordance with international human rights standards and to abolish the death penalty. CPR is a member of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP), a correspondent member of the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) and the Anti-Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN). 1 Part 1. Human Rights Violations in Prisons Introduction: Regressing Treatment of Sentenced Inmates 1. In May 2006, the Law Concerning Penal Institutions and the Treatment of Sentenced Inmates (hereinafter referred to as “the New Law”) was implemented, based on the fundamental principle of respecting human rights of sentenced inmates and providing support for their rehabilitation. -
Das Monatsmagazin Des Japanischen Generalkonsulats in Hamburg Ausgabe 166 / Juli – August 2012
JAPAN AUF EINEN BLICK Juli-August 2012 Das Monatsmagazin des Japanischen Generalkonsulats in Hamburg Ausgabe 166 / Juli – August 2012 Starker Eindruck Jubiläum Erfolgreiche Wirtschaftsdelegations- 25 Jahre Deutsch-Japanische Gesell- reise von Senator Horch nach Japan schaft Winsen/Luhe – aus Freundschaft Ende Mai/Anfang Juni 2012….Seite.02 zu Japan gegründet………....Seite.04 Neue Serie Austausch Wir präsentieren in unserer neuen Serie 12-köpfige Schülergruppe der in der Rubrik Kaleidoskop Festivals in Humboldt Schule Kiel wurde herzlich Japan im Jahreskreislauf…..Seite.05 in Kobe empfangen……….….Seite.07 Neues Kabinett Hohes Niveau Premierminister Noda hat am 4.6.2012 Chor der Japanischen Schule Hamburg sein Kabinett umgebildet….…Seite.08 e.V. trat in Laeiszhalle auf.….Seite.11 GESTERN BLUMEN, HEUTE EIN TRAUM Networking Termine Deutsch-Japanischer Wirtschaftskreis http://www.hamburg.emb- Kinô no hana wa veranstaltet ‚Asa no kai‘ ….…Seite.13 japan.go.jp/downloads/termine.pdf kyo no yume JAPAN AUF EINEN BLICK Kultur- & Informationsbüro des Japanischen Generalkonsulats, Rathausmarkt 5, 20095 Hamburg, [email protected], www.hamburg.emb-japan.go.jp, Tel.: 040 333 0170, Fax: 040 303 999 15 REDAKTION Konsul Tomio Sakamoto (verantwortlich), Konsul Tatsuhiko Ichihara; Udo Cordes, Helga Eggers, Sabine Laaths, Marika Osawa, Saori Takano. JAPAN AUF EINEN BLICK erscheint zehnmal im Jahr und ist kostenlos als E-Letter zu beziehen. Alle hier veröffentlichten Artikel entsprechen nicht unbedingt der Meinung der japanischen Regierung oder des Japanischen Generalkonsulats. Redaktionsschluss ist der 15. des jeweiligen Vormonats. JAPAN AUF EINEN BLICK // Ausgabe 166 / Juli-August 2012 2 LEITARTIKEL Erfolgreiche Wirtschaftsdelegationsreise von Senator Horch nach Japan – Hamburg hat einen starken Eindruck hinterlassen Wirtschaftssenator Frank Horch hat zwischen dem 29. -
111Th Session of the Human Rights Committee 7–25 July 2014 Report Submitted by the Center for Prisoners' Rights; the Interna
111th Session of the Human Rights Committee 7–25 July 2014 Report submitted by The Center for Prisoners’ Rights; the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and The Advocates for Human Rights (both NGOs with special consultative status); and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty This report is submitted by the Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan, the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), The Advocates for Human Rights, and the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, in conjunction with the Human Rights Committee’s 6th Periodic Review of Japan. Japan will be subject to review during the Committee’s 111th session (7–25 July 2014). This report examines prison conditions and the imposition of the death penalty in Japan in light of international human rights standards. FIDH represents 178 human rights organisations on 5 continents. It takes action for the protection of victims of human rights violations, for the prevention of violations and to bring perpetrators to justice. A broad mandate FIDH works for the respect of all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural rights. A universal movement FIDH was established in 1922, and today unites 178 member organisations in more than 100 countries around the world. FIDH coordinates and supports their activities and provides them with a voice at the international level. An independent organisation Like its member organisations, FIDH is not linked to any party or religion and is independent of all governments. The Center for Prisoners’ Rights (CPR) was established in March 1995 as the first Japanese NGO specializing in prison reform. -
Wenn Der Staat Tötet
WENN DER STAAT T ÖTET TODESSTRAFE IN JAPAN STAND 26. JULI 2018 TODESSTRAFE IN JAPAN SEITE 2 / 9 TODESSTRAFE IN JAPAN ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Japan ist einer von weltweit nur noch zwei hoch industrialisierten Staaten, in dem weiterhin Todesur- teile vollstreckt werden (der andere sind die USA). Im Durchschnitt werden wenige Gefangene im Jahr hingerichtet. 2011 wurden zum ersten Mal seit 1992 keine Hinrichtungen vorgenommen. Die Haftbe- dingungen in den Todestrakten sind hart und geprägt von Isolation und strikter Disziplin. Hinrichtungen finden im Geheimen statt. Todeszelleninsassen erfahren von ihrer Hinrichtung erst am Morgen desselben Tages. Die Gefangenen müssen in der ständigen Angst leben, dass der nächste Tag ihr letzter sein kann. ANZAHL DER HINRICHTUNGEN Von 1945 bis Ende Dezember 2017 wurden 696 Menschen gehenkt, wobei auf den Zeitraum 1980 bis Ende 2017 130 Hinrichtungen entfallen. Im März 1993 endete in Japan ein De-facto-Hinrichtungsmoratorium, welches mehr als drei Jahre lang Bestand gehabt hatte. Seit 2005 nahmen die jährlichen Hinrichtungen zu, obwohl die Zahl der Tö- tungsdelikte im Land rückläufig war und auf den niedrigsten Wert seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg sank. JAPAN: TODESSTRAFENSTATISTIK 15 15 140 Hinrichtungen 13 120 Todestraktinsassen (geschätzt) 100 10 9 7 8 80 7 7 6 6 6 60 5 5 4 4 4 4 40 Todesurteile vollstreckte 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 derTodestraktinsassen Anzahl 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 TODESSTRAFE IN JAPAN SEITE 3 / 9 ANWENDUNGSBEREICH DER TODESSTRAFE Das japanische Recht sieht die Todesstrafe für 18 Straftaten vor. -
Submission to the Human Rights Committee the Task Forces for the Sixth Periodic Report by the Japanese Government
Submission to the Human Rights Committee the Task Forces for the Sixth Periodic Report by the Japanese Government 109th session (14 October – 1 November 2013) by Center for Prisoners' Rights Japan Japan: current state of the death penalty and prison condition Contact: Center for Prisoners’ Rights Japan c/o Amicus Law Office, Raffine Shinjuku #902, 1-36-5, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 160-0022 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +81(0)3-5379-5055 1 Contents The death penalty ................................................................................................................................ 3 Facts and Figures ............................................................................................................................3 Resumption of executions ................................................................................................................ 5 Lay judge trial and the death penalty ............................................................................................... 6 Human rights violations on death row .............................................................................................. 6 The executions of persons with mental disability ............................................................................. 8 Lack of Safeguards against Execution ............................................................................................. 8 Questions to the Government of Japan: ......................................................................................... -
1 Running Multiple Candidates and Dividing the Vote
Running Multiple Candidates and Dividing the Vote under the Single Non-Transferable Vote System: Evidence from Japan’s Upper House Elections Forthcoming in Asian Policy and Politics Naofumi Fujimura Kobe University [email protected] Abstract: Political parties seek to make optimal nominations of candidates to maximize the number of seats they may win. In a multi-member district with a single non-transferable vote (SNTV) electoral system, parties need to run the optimal number of candidates in each electoral district. If too many or too few candidates are run, they may lose seats they might otherwise have won. In this situation, district-level party organizations face a collective action problem: they do not have the incentive to run multiple candidates for fear of losing all seats, despite needing to do so in order for the party to win a majority of seats in a legislature. This study examines the factors that enable parties to run multiple candidates in SNTV districts, and shows that parties undertake this action when they are able to divide the vote between party candidates on the basis of geography in the case of Japan. Keywords: Candidate Nomination; Electoral Coordination; Intraparty Competition; SNTV; Japan 1 Introduction The collective goals of political parties and the individual goals of party legislators are sometimes incompatible (Cox & McCubbins, 1993). Parties are typically faced with collective action problems in which the self-interested behavior of party legislators or subgroups can undermine the party’s collective goals in the processes of elections, policymaking, and political management. Parties tend to be confronted with these problems when nominating candidates (Baker & Scheiner, 2004; Browne & Patterson, 1999; Cox & Rosenbluth, 1994, 1996; Nemoto, Pekkanen, & Krauss, 2014; Reed, 2009).