Classification Linguistique Des Langues Signées Non Vocalement*
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The Signing Space for the Synthesis of Directional Verbs in NGT
The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings Layout: typeset by the author using LATEX. Cover illustration: Unknown artist The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings 11319836 Bachelor thesis Credits: 18 EC Bachelor Kunstmatige Intelligentie University of Amsterdam Faculty of Science Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Supervisor dr. F. Roelofsen Institute for Logic, Language and Computation Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam Science Park 107 1098 XG Amsterdam 26 June 2020 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Floris Roelofsen for his guidance during this project. I am also very grateful to John Glauert and Richard Kennaway for proving valuable insight into SiGML and the JASigning software. Special thanks go to Inge Zwitserlood, Onno Crasborn and Johan Ros for providing the database of encoded NGT signs, without which this project would not have been possible. Last, but not least, I would also like to thank Marijke Scheffener for providing evaluation material and valuable feedback on the program. Preface This paper describes an individual contribution to a larger project executed in close collaboration with [1] and [2]. The first parts of these three papers describe the overall project and were jointly written, making them largely identical. Section 1.2 describes the global research question, and sections 2 and 3 provide the- oretical context and set up a hypothesis. Section 5.1.1 shows the overall program created, including the components of the other projects, and section 5.2.1 evaluates the result. These previously mentioned chap- ters and sections have been written in joint collaboration with [1] and [2] An introduction to and motivation for the overall project are provided in section 1. -
Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks
Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks Lionel Pigou, Mieke Van Herreweghe, Joni Dambre Ghent University flionel.pigou, mieke.vanherreweghe, [email protected] Abstract Automatic and unconstrained sign language recognition (SLR) in image sequences remains a challenging problem. The variety of signers, backgrounds, sign executions and signer positions makes the development of SLR systems very challenging. Current methods try to alleviate this complexity by extracting engineered features to detect hand shapes, hand trajectories and facial expressions as an intermediate step for SLR. Our goal is to approach SLR based on feature learning rather than feature engineering. We tackle SLR using the recent advances in the domain of deep learning with deep neural networks. The problem is approached by classifying isolated signs from the Corpus VGT (Flemish Sign Language Corpus) and the Corpus NGT (Dutch Sign Language Corpus). Furthermore, we investigate cross-domain feature learning to boost the performance to cope with the fewer Corpus VGT annotations. Keywords: sign language recognition, deep learning, neural networks 1. Introduction In previous work (Pigou et al., 2015), we showed that deep neural networks are very successful for gesture recognition SLR systems have many different use cases: corpus anno- and gesture spotting in spatiotemporal data. Our developed tation, in hospitals, as a personal sign language learning system is able to recognize 20 different Italian gestures (i.e., assistant or translating daily conversations between signers emblems). We achieved a classification accuracy of 97.23% and non-signers to name a few. Unfortunately, unconstrained in the Chalearn 2014 Looking At People gesture spotting SLR remains a big challenge. -
Gesture and Sign Language Recognition with Temporal Residual Networks
Gesture and Sign Language Recognition with Temporal Residual Networks Lionel Pigou, Mieke Van Herreweghe and Joni Dambre Ghent University {lionel.pigou, mieke.vanherreweghe, joni.dambre}@ugent.be Abstract SLR using recurrent CNNs [6]. A task that is closely related to SLR is gesture recog- Gesture and sign language recognition in a continuous nition. Deep neural networks have proven to be success- video stream is a challenging task, especially with a large ful for this problem, given a small vocabulary (20 gestures) vocabulary. In this work, we approach this as a framewise [22, 30] and/or with a multi-modal approach [24, 18]. classification problem. We tackle it using temporal con- In this work, we investigate large vocabulary gesture volutions and recent advances in the deep learning field recognition and SLR using deep neural networks with up- like residual networks, batch normalization and exponen- to-date architectures, regularization techniques and training tial linear units (ELUs). The models are evaluated on methods. To achieve this, we approach the problem as a three different datasets: the Dutch Sign Language Corpus continuous framewise classification task, where the tempo- (Corpus NGT), the Flemish Sign Language Corpus (Cor- ral locations of gestures and signs are not given during eval- pus VGT) and the ChaLearn LAP RGB-D Continuous Ges- uation. The models are tested on the Dutch Sign Language ture Dataset (ConGD). We achieve a 73.5% top-10 accu- Corpus (Corpus NGT) [4, 5], the Flemish Sign Language racy for 100 signs with the Corpus NGT, 56.4% with the Corpus (Corpus VGT) [27] and the ChaLearn LAP RGB-D Corpus VGT and a mean Jaccard index of 0.316 with the Continuous Gesture Dataset (ConGD) [28]. -
A Lexical Comparison of South African Sign Language and Potential Lexifier Languages
A lexical comparison of South African Sign Language and potential lexifier languages by Andries van Niekerk Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters in General Linguistics at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisors: Dr Kate Huddlestone & Prof Anne Baker Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of General Linguistics March, 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Andries van Niekerk March 2020 Copyright © 2020 University of Stellenbosch All rights reserved 1 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT South Africa’s history of segregation was a large contributing factor for lexical variation in South African Sign Language (SASL) to come about. Foreign sign languages certainly had a presence in the history of deaf education; however, the degree of influence foreign sign languages has on SASL today is what this study has aimed to determine. There have been very limited studies on the presence of loan signs in SASL and none have included extensive variation. This study investigates signs from 20 different schools for the deaf and compares them with signs from six other sign languages and the Paget Gorman Sign System (PGSS). A list of lemmas was created that included the commonly used list of lemmas from Woodward (2003). -
The Signed Languages of Indonesia: an Enigma
DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2014-005 ® The Signed Languages of Indonesia: An Enigma Hope M. Hurlbut The Signed Languages of Indonesia: An Enigma Hope M. Hurlbut SIL International® 2014 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2014-005, April 2014 © 2014 SIL International® All rights reserved 1 2 Abstract In 2003–2005, SIL International undertook a lexicostatistical survey of the signed languages of Indonesia. Wordlists and stories were collected from each of the nineteen states where one or more schools for the Deaf were run privately or by the government. The wordlists were video recorded and transcribed by hand using the SignWriting orthography. The results of the wordlist comparisons point out the need for intelligibility testing between users of the various varieties of Indonesian Sign Language. Intelligibility testing should be carried out sometime in at least eleven of the nineteen states where the similarity between the signs in the list is low. This paper focuses on the results of the lexicostatistical survey. There are at least two signed languages in use in Indonesia, Indonesian Sign Language and Bengkala Sign Language. Bengkala Sign Language is an isolect found in northern Bali in the village of Bengkala where there is a high proportion of Deaf among the inhabitants. It has been called Bali Sign Language in the past, but since it seems to be more or less confined to the village of Bengkala, it seems better to call it Bengkala Sign Language. The rest of the Deaf on the island use a form of Indonesian Sign Language. At the time of the survey there were two Deaf youth from Bengkala going to school in the Deaf school (or a Deaf class) in Singaraja which is about 17 kilometers from Bengkala Village. -
Complete Issue
_____________________________________________________________ Volume 8 October 1993 Number 2 _____________________________________________________________ Editor Editorial Assistants John Miles Foley Dave Henderson Elizabeth P. McNulty Catherine S. Quick Slavica Publishers, Inc. For a complete catalog of books from Slavica, with prices and ordering information, write to: Slavica Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 14388 Columbus, Ohio 43214 ISSN: 0883-5365 Each contribution copyright (c) 1993 by its author. All rights reserved. The editor and the publisher assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion by the authors. Oral Tradition seeks to provide a comparative and interdisciplinary focus for studies in oral literature and related fields by publishing research and scholarship on the creation, transmission, and interpretation of all forms of oral traditional expression. As well as essays treating certifiably oral traditions, OT presents investigations of the relationships between oral and written traditions, as well as brief accounts of important fieldwork, a Symposium section (in which scholars may reply at some length to prior essays), review articles, occasional transcriptions and translations of oral texts, a digest of work in progress, and a regular column for notices of conferences and other matters of interest. In addition, occasional issues will include an ongoing annotated bibliography of relevant research and the annual Albert Lord and Milman Parry Lectures on Oral Tradition. OT welcomes contributions on all oral literatures, on all literatures directly influenced by oral traditions, and on non-literary oral traditions. Submissions must follow the list-of reference format (style sheet available on request) and must be accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope for return or for mailing of proofs; all quotations of primary materials must be made in the original language(s) with following English translations. -
Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation Through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Mexico University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Linguistics ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2009 Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Erin. "Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds/40 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TYPOLOGY OF SIGNED LANGUAGES: DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY BY ERIN LAINE WILKINSON B.A., Language Studies, Wellesley College, 1999 M.A., Linguistics, Gallaudet University, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Linguistics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico August, 2009 ©2009, Erin Laine Wilkinson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION To my mother iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Barbara Pennacchi for kick starting me on my dissertation by giving me a room at her house, cooking me dinner, and making Italian coffee in Rome during November 2007. Your endless support, patience, and thoughtful discussions are gratefully taken into my heart, and I truly appreciate what you have done for me. I heartily acknowledge Dr. William Croft, my advisor, for continuing to encourage me through the long number of months writing and rewriting these chapters. -
What Corpus-Based Research on Negation in Auslan and PJM Tells Us About Building and Using Sign Language Corpora
What Corpus-Based Research on Negation in Auslan and PJM Tells Us About Building and Using Sign Language Corpora Anna Kuder1, Joanna Filipczak1, Piotr Mostowski1, Paweł Rutkowski1, Trevor Johnston2 1Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of the Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2109 {anna.kuder, j.filipczak, piotr.mostowski, p.rutkowski}@uw.edu.pl, [email protected] Abstract In this paper, we would like to discuss our current work on negation in Auslan (Australian Sign Language) and PJM (Polish Sign Language, polski język migowy) as an example of experience in using sign language corpus data for research purposes. We describe how we prepared the data for two detailed empirical studies, given similarities and differences between the Australian and Polish corpus projects. We present our findings on negation in both languages, which turn out to be surprisingly similar. At the same time, what the two corpus studies show seems to be quite different from many previous descriptions of sign language negation found in the literature. Some remarks on how to effectively plan and carry out the annotation process of sign language texts are outlined at the end of the present paper, as they might be helpful to other researchers working on designing a corpus. Our work leads to two main conclusions: (1) in many cases, usage data may not be easily reconciled with intuitions and assumptions about how sign languages function and what their grammatical characteristics are like, (2) in order to obtain representative and reliable data from large-scale corpora one needs to plan and carry out the annotation process very thoroughly. -
Language Research in Progress: Report No. 10, June 1970: a Cross - "Referenced List of Documented Language Research Projects Current January-June 1970
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 040 384 AL 002 435 AUTHOR Hayes, Alfred S.; Vis, Joan TITLE Language Research in Progress: Report No. 10, June 1970: A Cross - "Referenced List of Documented Language Research Projects Current January-June 1970. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jun 70 NOTE 71p. AVAILABLE FROM Catherine Hollan, Language Information Network and Clearinghouse System Project, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1717 Mass Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.50 HC-$3.60 DESCRIPTORS Applied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Contrastive Linguistics, *Language Research, *Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, *Research Projects, *Research Reviews (Publications), Sociolinguistics, *Uncommonly Taught Languages ABSTRACT This is the tenth report in the Language ResearchIn Progress (LRIP) series, superceding reports 1-9. LRIP 10 lists 469 language-related research projects in progress between November 1969 and June 1970 for which documentation is available. The report is indexed by topic, principal investigator, and location of the project in the United States or abroad. Copies of LRIP 10 andresumes of all the projects listed here are available on request from Catherine Hollan, LINCS, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (JD) t CO re\ U,S, DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS CEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE C:11 PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT,POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION 14.1 POSITION OR POLICY, Language Research In Progress :10 Center for Applied LinguisticsWashington, D. C. CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. -
Shakespeare's Narremes Helmut Bonheim
Cambridge University Press 0521023971 - Shakespeare Survey 53: Shakespeare and Narrative Edited by Peter Holland Excerpt More information SHAKESPEARE'S NARREMES HELMUT BONHEIM In Shakespeare's plays the chief ®gures are often Winter's Tale the statue of Hermione would not separated, usually at sea, and united again. In come to life. The narremes of closure today are Twelfth Night it is Sebastian and Viola (brother not those of Shakespeare's time. Some patterns and sister) who are separated by shipwreck; in seem merely conventional or arbitrary, others Pericles it is Pericles and Marina (father and re¯ect systematic changes both of taste and the daughter); in The Comedy of Errors it is Aegeon current sense of ®tness and closure, yet others and Aemilia (husband and wife). The separa- appear to be systematic, but elude explanation. tion-and-reunion pattern spans the play, the Narremes in prose and drama. The concept of span varying from days to decades. Variations of the narreme was developed three decades ago the pattern occur in Antony and Cleopatra, King by Eugene Dorfman,2 who saw the narreme as Lear, Much Ado and rather more marginally in a basic unit or quality of narration. His concept Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice and in Richard II, was expanded by Henri Wittmann,3 but Shake- again more obviously in Cymbeline, The Tempest speare criticism has given it scant notice.4 One and The Winter's Tale. Such recurring patterns reason is that narratologists concentrate on of action, place and time we call narremes. narrative prose and largely ignore drama, and Oddly enough, although the major play- thus have developed few tools that apply to it. -
One Path Or Two? Using Grammatical Class
171 Chapter 7 Although human language is thought to be at least 200 000 years old (Mithen, 2005), precisely when and how it emerged remain largely a mystery. Unlike other human achievements such as the use of tools, there is no archaeological trail to follow; instead, the evolution of language can only be inferred (Olsen, 1998). As a result, contemporary theories of language evolution range from proto-speech (Steklis & Raleigh, 1979) through to proto-sign models (Zlatev, 2008). Although it remains a process of educated guesswork, it has traditionally been informed through studies of modern infant language acquisition (Young, Merin, Rogers & Ozonoff, 2009) or animal communication systems (Bonatti, Peña, Nespor & Mehler, 2005). More recently, the development of neuroimaging technologies such as MEG and fMRI has allowed a vastly improved understanding of how the modern human brain functions, while concurrent advances in computing and analysis techniques have allowed older technologies such as EEG to enjoy a research renaissance (e.g. Klimesch, 2011, 2012; Nyström, Ljunghammar, Rosander & von Hofsten, 2011; Sauseng, Klimesch, Schabus & Doppelmayr, 2005). Despite these advancements, there is still a lack of agreement on both when and how human language evolved. To this end, the purpose of the current thesis was to examine grammatical class processing (nouns versus verbs) in mature language speakers. By comparing the one and two path models of such processing, it was proposed that results could be interpreted within an evolutionary context, providing support (albeit inferential) for either the protosign/protospeech or the mixed model (coevolution) of language. This specific feature or function of language processing was chosen for a number of reasons: (1) It is unlikely that language emerged as a complete system; that is, it is improbable that the first thing ever uttered by an early human was along the lines of “Hey guess what? I can talk!!”. -
Aspects D'une Comparaison Sociolinguistique Entre Le Québec Et Les Antilles Françaises
URSULA REUTNER !"#$%&'#() +,-./'01.&/ Aspects d'une comparaison sociolinguistique entre le Québec et les Antilles françaises « Le joual, c'est-tu un créole ? » F c'est une question posée et niée par Henri Wittmann en 1973. 30 ans plus tard, la recherche et la discussion sur 21.34 d'une part et 5&)14% d'autre part ont avancé, mais la comparaison n'a pas été entreprise de nouveau de manière systématique. Pour cette raison, il ne nous semble pas dépourvu d'intért de reprendre le sujet. Bien que la conclusion dHenri Wittmann soit confirmée par nos remarques, les arguments qui nous amènent à tre d'accord avec son résultat final diffèrent considérablement. Dans cette contribution, nous voulons rompre avec certains préjugés qui fourmillent autour des mots 21.34 et 5&)14%, et nous montrerons que les points communs entre ces deux réalités linguistiques se situent moins au plan de la linguistique tout court qu'au plan de lidéolinguistique,1 un domaine longtemps négligé par la linguistique. Après une proposition de définir le joual du Québec et le créole des Antilles françaises2, notre comparaison du joual et du créole dégagera quelques aspects parallèles et divergents qui se manifestent dans l'emploi des deux mots en question. Pour ce qui est des analogies, nous tiendrons compte du rle des deux réalités linguistiques dans la situation de diglossie, de leur langue d'origine, ainsi que des sentiments idéolinguistiques comme particulièrement les jugements ambivalents, l'adoration, la stigmatisation, et le préjudice de la mixité. De mTme, nous regarderons les possibilités d'élargissement des termes pour décrire un type de société.