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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
Word-List Data Used to Support One Lexically-Based Classification
Chapter 1 Introduction “Uyadl[h]ala muthfu lotsi kugarudwa ջathfwana udlhala gematshe emati akona” 1 John Mbenyane Gqada, 1949, Tshepisong, Matatiele (quoted in Mzamane 1949:248) ‘The person who says children should not be educated is just playing; he plays with spittle when there is water’ This chapter is presented in three parts: §1.1 includes an overview of previous sources on the language (§1.1.1), a profile of the extant Phuthi communities (§1.1.2), an outline history of the speakers (§1.1.3), some insight into the maintenance of the Phuthi language (§1.1.4), the effects displayed from contact with other languages (§1.1.5), possible obsolescence (§1.1.6), and a classification (§1.1.7) of Phuthi as Nguni (§1.1.7.2), then more specifically Tekela Nguni (§1.1.7.3). §1.2 outlines the methodology used (§1.2.1), the empirical tradition into which the work fits (§1.2.2) and a brief overview of salient theoretical issues that will be raised in this work (§1.2.3). Finally, §1.3 outlines the structure of the dissertation. 1 The quote would be written in my Phuthi orthography with morpheme and interlinear glosses (breathy voice/depression diacritics, morpheme boundaries have been added, but not tone): u- ya- dl al-a mu-tfu lo- tshi ku- ga- rud - w - a (e)ba- tfwana SP 1-T/A-play-T/A NC 1-person NC 1REL -say NC 17- NEG -teach- PASS -T/A NC 2-children He - plays person who-says there-should-not-be-taught children u- dl al-a ge- ma- tshe ema-ti a- kona SP _NC 1-play-T/A INSTR -NC 6-water NC 6- water SP (P)6-there [SP (P)6 = ‘subject prefix he-plays with-spittle water it-being-there. -
Linguistics Verbal Temporal Categories in Georgian Sign Language (GESL) Tamar Makharoblidze Ilia State University. Tbilisi, Ge
Linguistics Verbal Temporal Categories in Georgian Sign Language (GESL) Tamar Makharoblidze Ilia State University. Tbilisi, Georgia Presented by Academy Member Thomas Gamkrelidze Abstract GESL verbal morphology has its temporal system. Sign languages (SL) reveal their specific attitude toward spatial and temporal entities. The most shared temporal line in SL is as follows: -- distant past --/-- recent past ---/-- present /body--/-- near future --/-- distant future - The body is present, the future is ahead and back is past. Near close is the near future, close to the back is close past, and far away forward is a distant future and far away back is a distant past. Such an approach is shared by almost all SL with a very few exception. Obviously, the GESL has its temporal vocabulary as well. Time-related words often indicate circularity and cycling. Crucially, GESL also has the morphological verbal markers of tense (future and past), aspect and durative. The presented paper reveals these verbal temporal markers. Keywords: Tense aspect, sign languages, GESL (Georgian Sign Language) The Georgian sign language (GESL) is a native language for Deaf and Hard of Hearing people (DHH) of Georgia. These people are the linguistic minority of the country, and their number is about 2500. Crucially, in spite of a significant influence of the Russian Sign Language, GESL has its individual grammar system. The presented paper is one of the first investigations on the verbal temporal categories in this language. Usually sign languages (SL) demonstrate specific temporal systems with considerable variations. In SL linguistic information is encoded by non-verbal means. Thus, body position, mimic and manual signs display the linguistic content for any grammar category. -
Prayer Cards (709)
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations A Che in China A'ou in China Population: 43,000 Population: 2,800 World Popl: 43,000 World Popl: 2,800 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Tibeto-Burman, other People Cluster: Tai Main Language: Ache Main Language: Chinese, Mandarin Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Translation Needed Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest www.joshuaproject.net Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations A-Hmao in China Achang in China Population: 458,000 Population: 35,000 World Popl: 458,000 World Popl: 74,000 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 2 People Cluster: Miao / Hmong People Cluster: Tibeto-Burman, other Main Language: Miao, Large Flowery Main Language: Achang Main Religion: Christianity Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Significantly reached Status: Partially reached Evangelicals: 75.0% Evangelicals: 7.0% Chr Adherents: 80.0% Chr Adherents: 7.0% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous Source: Wikipedia "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Achang, Husa in China Adi -
201569Pub.Pdf
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201569 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-25 and may be subject to change. a journal of Börstell, Carl. 2019. Differential object marking in sign general linguistics Glossa languages. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4(1): 3. 1–18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.780 SQUIB Differential object marking in sign languages Carl Börstell Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT Nijmegen, NL [email protected] Sign languages are sometimes claimed to lack argument marking, yet they exhibit many devices to track and disambiguate referents. In this paper, I will argue that there are devices found across sign languages that demonstrate how object marking is a prevalent property and that these devices show clear parallels to differential object marking (DOM) as described for spoken languages. This includes animacy/prominence effects on word order and verbal modification, as well as dedicated object markers used exclusively with [+human] objects. Thus, I propose that DOM phenomena need to be taken into account in any future research on sign language structure, but also that sign languages should be accounted for in typological work on DOM. Keywords: Differential object marking; sign language; typology; animacy; prominence 1 Introduction Differential object marking (DOM) has been a well-known linguistic phenomenon for decades (Bossong 1985). DOM concerns object marking that is only present when the object has some specific properties – that is, not all objects are marked in the same way. -
The Signing Space for the Synthesis of Directional Verbs in NGT
The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings Layout: typeset by the author using LATEX. Cover illustration: Unknown artist The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings 11319836 Bachelor thesis Credits: 18 EC Bachelor Kunstmatige Intelligentie University of Amsterdam Faculty of Science Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Supervisor dr. F. Roelofsen Institute for Logic, Language and Computation Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam Science Park 107 1098 XG Amsterdam 26 June 2020 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Floris Roelofsen for his guidance during this project. I am also very grateful to John Glauert and Richard Kennaway for proving valuable insight into SiGML and the JASigning software. Special thanks go to Inge Zwitserlood, Onno Crasborn and Johan Ros for providing the database of encoded NGT signs, without which this project would not have been possible. Last, but not least, I would also like to thank Marijke Scheffener for providing evaluation material and valuable feedback on the program. Preface This paper describes an individual contribution to a larger project executed in close collaboration with [1] and [2]. The first parts of these three papers describe the overall project and were jointly written, making them largely identical. Section 1.2 describes the global research question, and sections 2 and 3 provide the- oretical context and set up a hypothesis. Section 5.1.1 shows the overall program created, including the components of the other projects, and section 5.2.1 evaluates the result. These previously mentioned chap- ters and sections have been written in joint collaboration with [1] and [2] An introduction to and motivation for the overall project are provided in section 1. -
Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks
Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks Lionel Pigou, Mieke Van Herreweghe, Joni Dambre Ghent University flionel.pigou, mieke.vanherreweghe, [email protected] Abstract Automatic and unconstrained sign language recognition (SLR) in image sequences remains a challenging problem. The variety of signers, backgrounds, sign executions and signer positions makes the development of SLR systems very challenging. Current methods try to alleviate this complexity by extracting engineered features to detect hand shapes, hand trajectories and facial expressions as an intermediate step for SLR. Our goal is to approach SLR based on feature learning rather than feature engineering. We tackle SLR using the recent advances in the domain of deep learning with deep neural networks. The problem is approached by classifying isolated signs from the Corpus VGT (Flemish Sign Language Corpus) and the Corpus NGT (Dutch Sign Language Corpus). Furthermore, we investigate cross-domain feature learning to boost the performance to cope with the fewer Corpus VGT annotations. Keywords: sign language recognition, deep learning, neural networks 1. Introduction In previous work (Pigou et al., 2015), we showed that deep neural networks are very successful for gesture recognition SLR systems have many different use cases: corpus anno- and gesture spotting in spatiotemporal data. Our developed tation, in hospitals, as a personal sign language learning system is able to recognize 20 different Italian gestures (i.e., assistant or translating daily conversations between signers emblems). We achieved a classification accuracy of 97.23% and non-signers to name a few. Unfortunately, unconstrained in the Chalearn 2014 Looking At People gesture spotting SLR remains a big challenge. -
Gesture and Sign Language Recognition with Temporal Residual Networks
Gesture and Sign Language Recognition with Temporal Residual Networks Lionel Pigou, Mieke Van Herreweghe and Joni Dambre Ghent University {lionel.pigou, mieke.vanherreweghe, joni.dambre}@ugent.be Abstract SLR using recurrent CNNs [6]. A task that is closely related to SLR is gesture recog- Gesture and sign language recognition in a continuous nition. Deep neural networks have proven to be success- video stream is a challenging task, especially with a large ful for this problem, given a small vocabulary (20 gestures) vocabulary. In this work, we approach this as a framewise [22, 30] and/or with a multi-modal approach [24, 18]. classification problem. We tackle it using temporal con- In this work, we investigate large vocabulary gesture volutions and recent advances in the deep learning field recognition and SLR using deep neural networks with up- like residual networks, batch normalization and exponen- to-date architectures, regularization techniques and training tial linear units (ELUs). The models are evaluated on methods. To achieve this, we approach the problem as a three different datasets: the Dutch Sign Language Corpus continuous framewise classification task, where the tempo- (Corpus NGT), the Flemish Sign Language Corpus (Cor- ral locations of gestures and signs are not given during eval- pus VGT) and the ChaLearn LAP RGB-D Continuous Ges- uation. The models are tested on the Dutch Sign Language ture Dataset (ConGD). We achieve a 73.5% top-10 accu- Corpus (Corpus NGT) [4, 5], the Flemish Sign Language racy for 100 signs with the Corpus NGT, 56.4% with the Corpus (Corpus VGT) [27] and the ChaLearn LAP RGB-D Corpus VGT and a mean Jaccard index of 0.316 with the Continuous Gesture Dataset (ConGD) [28]. -
3D Symbol Base Translation and Synthesis of Czech Sign Speech
SPECOM'2006, St. Petersburg, 25-29 June 2006 3D Symbol Base Translation and Synthesis of Czech Sign Speech Zdenekˇ Krnoul,ˇ Jakub Kanis, Milosˇ Zeleznˇ y,´ Ludekˇ Muller¨ and Petr C´ısarˇ University of West Bohemia, Department of Cybernetics Univerzitn´ı 8, Plzen,ˇ 306 14, Czech Republic fzdkrnoul, jkanis, zelezny, muller, [email protected] Abstract synthesis of animation makes the parsing of symbols and also uses geometric model of human for the final rendering. Anima- This paper presents primary results of translation spoken tion technique enables the complete articulation of all fingers Czech to Signed Czech and a synthesis of signs by the com- and both arms. puter animation. The synthesis of animation employs a sym- bolic notation. An automatic process of synthesis generates the articulation of hands from this notation. The translation system 2. Related works of translation and is built on the statistical ground. For the notation of the new synthesis systems signs, the graphic editor is designed. In principle, there are two ways how to solve the synthesis of 1. Introduction sign language by the computer. The first of them can be called data driven synthesis and the second synthesis from the sym- The barrier in the communication between hearing and deaf bolic formulation. The principles of the translation system can people should make everyday complication. The problem is that be divided in similar way. We can either implement the trans- hearing people have bad familiarity of sign language and deaf lation of written word to sequences of signs by set of linguistic with the structure of spoken language. -
Sign Language Ideologies: Practices and Politics
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Heriot Watt Pure Annelies Kusters, Mara Green, Erin Moriarty and Kristin Snoddon Sign language ideologies: Practices and politics While much research has taken place on language attitudes and ideologies regarding spoken languages, research that investigates sign language ideol- ogies and names them as such is only just emerging. Actually, earlier work in Deaf Studies and sign language research uncovered the existence and power of language ideologies without explicitly using this term. However, it is only quite recently that scholars have begun to explicitly focus on sign language ideologies, conceptualized as such, as a field of study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first edited volume to do so. Influenced by our backgrounds in anthropology and applied linguistics, in this volume we bring together research that addresses sign language ideologies in practice. In other words, this book highlights the importance of examining language ideologies as they unfold on the ground, undergirded by the premise that what we think that language can do (ideology) is related to what we do with language (practice).¹ All the chapters address the tangled confluence of sign lan- guage ideologies as they influence, manifest in, and are challenged by commu- nicative practices. Contextual analysis shows that language ideologies are often situation-dependent and indeed often seemingly contradictory, varying across space and moments in time. Therefore, rather than only identifying language ideologies as they appear in metalinguistic discourses, the authors in this book analyse how everyday language practices implicitly or explicitly involve ideas about those practices and the other way around. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Abkhaz in Ukraine Abor in India Population: 1,500 Population: 1,700 World Popl: 307,600 World Popl: 1,700 Total Countries: 6 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Caucasus People Cluster: South Asia Tribal - other Main Language: Abkhaz Main Language: Adi Main Religion: Non-Religious Main Religion: Unknown Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 20.00% Chr Adherents: 16.36% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Apsuwara - Wikimedia "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Achuar Jivaro in Ecuador Achuar Jivaro in Peru Population: 7,200 Population: 400 World Popl: 7,600 World Popl: 7,600 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 2 People Cluster: South American Indigenous People Cluster: South American Indigenous Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 2.00% Chr Adherents: 14.00% Chr Adherents: 15.00% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Gina De Leon Source: Gina De Leon "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Adi in India Adi Gallong in India -
Small World FM.Indd
Introduction DEAF-SAME and Difference in International Deaf Spaces and Encounters Annelies Kusters and Michele Friedner ●●● Deaf people from all over the world attended the Paris World Fair in 1900. There, a French deaf leader remarked that deaf people around the world “know no borders.” ●●● Andrew Foster, an African American deaf pastor and educator, estab- lished more than thirty deaf schools in Africa. His methods inspired deaf Nigerians, who applied Foster’s strategies in their voluntary work projects with deaf people in Fiji. ●●● Expatriates and local Cambodians set up deaf tourism agencies in Cam- bodia. Previously, local deaf people acted as guides for foreign visitors informally and without financial compensation. ●●● A deaf American lawyer traveled through Chile and founded a non- governmental organization to support Chilean deaf advocacy efforts by providing legal services and training. ●●● Deaf youth from all over the world who attended the World Federation of the Deaf Youth Section camp in Durban commented on how the camp provided opportunities for learning, networking, and empowerment. ●●● A deaf person from Eritrea traveled to Sweden and was shocked to discover how similar her sign language is to Swedish Sign Language. While the dynamics in each of these encounters between diverse deaf1 peo- ple around the world vary, they all involve deaf people meeting each other in 1 We write deaf with a lowercase “d” because we see deaf as more encompassing, less politi- cized, and less context-dependent than Deaf. As readers will note, the chapter authors have made different choices regarding use of deaf and Deaf. Small World_Introduction.indd 9 24/08/15 3:21 PM x Introduction international spaces.