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Status and Potential of Renewable Energies in Mazandaran Province-Iran

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Status and Potential of Renewable Energies in Mazandaran Province-Iran Archive of SID Status and potential of renewable energies in Mazandaran Province-Iran Seyedreza Baharisaravi MSc. Social and Economic Systems Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology [email protected] Abstract This article is intended to assess the potential and condition of Mazandaran province for using of renewable energy sources with particular focus on wind and solar energies. According to data and information from the world references, sun word maps and local investigations, shows that this area has middle potential and these kinds of energies can be obtained. Regarding the late of an article that was done in Babol which is localed in the North of Iran by providing some data in a subjective and objective manner shows the potential of utilization of solar energy in Mazandaran province and gradually we could observe that northern provinces have an adequate potential for the direct transform of solar energy and consume the fossil fuels with conservation and saving depository. Furthermore, Based on the wind energy by the information that we obtained from Bobol and Chalous wind stations and from the local and experimental issues we can conclude that wind energy can be used in order to install small wind turbines. Finally according to expert’s experiences and some articles in the renewable energy fields, we can invest in the solar and wind aspects and infrastructures and also we should ponder in the tidal energy resources which also exist in this area. Keywords: Mazandaran renewable energy, renewable energy, energy in Mazandaran www.SID.ir Archive of SID Introduction Industrial development and related technology to improve the standard of living are demanding more energy. In recent years, the country concerns regarding the high use of fossil fuels and finite nature of their type of energy and increasing the production of fossil fuels and therefore elevates the pollution. Iran’s geographical position allows great amount of solar and wind energy to be utilized. Development of renewable energy in the country requires a correct policy, appropriate strategies, financing, promoting a general culture of society in this regard. Finally, planning and scheduling are the ways to achieve a high level of utilization of these energies. Iran is rich in renewable energy sources and nonrenewable. Iran's geographical position has caused a great source of solar and wind energy is in it. The renewable energy sources are free and environmental friendly. The decade long study of wind stations in Iran have shown that, many parts of Iran, including coastal areas of Oman and the Persian Gulf islands, coastal areas of the eastern provinces of Khuzestan and scattered points, such as: Manjil, Rafsanjan, Ardebil and Bijar are windy and especially, they have the adequate potential to produce electricity energy from wind in the summer season. 1-Some concepts: 1-1 Renewable energy: Any naturally occurring, theoretically infinite source of energy, as biomass, solar, wind, tidal, wave and hydroelectric power, which is not derived from subterranean and nuclear fuels (dictionary.reference.com) 1-2 Mazandaran province position [1]: Mazandaran Province is a Caspian province in the north of Iran. Located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, it is bordered clockwise by the Golestan, Semnan, Tehran, Alborz, Qazvin, and Gilan provinces. Sari is the largest and the capital city of Mazandaran province. Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas. The province's four largest counties are Sari, Amol, Babol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan. The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and rainforest stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Alborz sierra, including Mount Damavand, one of the highest peaks and volcanoes in Asia, which at the narrowest point (Noshahr County) narrows to 5 miles. Geography www.SID.ir Archive of SID Mazandaran is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. It is bordered clockwise by Golestan, Semnan and Tehran provinces. This province also borders Qazvin and Gilan to the west. Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea. There is often snowfall in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls at sea level. Population The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The following table shows the approximate province population, excluding the Golestan province, which has separated as an independent province in 1998. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen). Year 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2008 2011 Approximate population 835,000 1,250,000 1,596,000 2,275,000 2,602,000 2,922,000 3,090,000 3,070,000 2- Wind energy The decade study of wind stations in Iran showed that many parts of Iran, including coastal areas of Oman and the Persian Gulf islands, coastal and eastern provinces of Khuzestan province with a few scattered points such as: Manjil, Rafsanjan, Ardebil Bijar are windy and they have the capacity of electricity producing by wind, especially in the summer. Also, in many other parts of the country at distinctive periods, there is the potential of electricity producing via wind energy. According to their research, based on wind speed, there are four groups: Group I, have high potential for wind at the most of the time windy, the second group, sometimes of the day can be high capacity, Group III, In the limited times, they have capacity and the fourth, some places don’t have enough potential to produce electricity by wind during the year [2]. Iran by having high potential regions for the production of wind energy and by being located at direction of major high currents has a good potential for the development of the yield from wind turbines and increase their production in order to produce electricity and conduct it into a nationwide network. Hence, one of the policies of the energy ministry is to develop wind electricity wind power www.SID.ir Archive of SID plants in association with the private sectors and provide suitable conditions for the investment of private segment in this field [Iran Energy balance sheet 2010]. Figure 1- Global statistics of wind energy in the Middle East and Asia in 2011[3] The highest annual average of wind speed in Iran belonged to Manjil wind station with 12.5 knots (25.6 meters per second) and after that Zabol station rank second with 12 knots(6 meter per second), which shows there is a big difference with other stations in the country. Then the Khor station in Birjand, Rafsanjan, Kish, Ardebil and Bijar have the annual average wind speed of 8 knots (4 meter per second). Also, Jask stations, Aligoudarz, Siri, Zarrineh, Torbat-e Jam, Bandr-e-mahshahr, Chabahar, Ardestan, Borujerd, Bostan, Abu Musa, Tabriz, Zahedan, Nojeh Hamadan, Sardasht, Nain and Kahnooj also have an annual average wind speed of 6 to 8 knots (3 to 4 meter per second). The lowest annual average wind speed of about 8.0 knots belongs to Kashan Station (4.0 meters per second) and the stations of Nishabur, Rasht, Boshruyeh, north of Tehran, Khoy, Astara, Kashmar, Minab, Yasouj, Fasa, Zarghan , Shahrud, Shahr-e-kord, Gorgan, Parsabad, Khor and Biyabanak , Behbahan, Sarpol-e-Zahab, Tabas, Quchan, Qazvin and Dezful that have an annual average wind speed of 3 knots (5.1 meters per second). www.SID.ir Archive of SID Figure 2- Distribution of the synoptic stations that have complete 10-year wind statistics [2] Based on the annual average wind speed, the coastal areas of Oman and the Persian Gulf islands, coastal province of Khuzestan and eastern regions of the country, with a few scattered points such as: Manjil, Rafsanjan, Ardebil and Bijar are the most windy parts of the country, in contrast, the coast of the Caspian Sea, the southern slopes of the Alborz range and also the eastern and southern parts of the Zagros have the lowest speed of wind in this region. Among these, some parts should be considered: The first station is located in Minab( the coast of Oman), but this area in comparison with other regional sites has the very low average wind speed. Regarding to the wind speed and wind energy atlas map (Figure 5), the coasts of the Caspian Sea, the southern slopes of the Alborz and the eastern and southern foothills of Zagros have the slowest wind power in the country and also there are 15 synoptic stations in this province. www.SID.ir Archive of SID Figure 3- mean wind velocity at height 40m [4] In one of the recent analysis which has happened at the Baladeh wind station obtained results that indicates as follow. Baladeh is a city in and the capital of Baladeh District of Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Baladeh is situated on the Noor River and is located at the 36°12/07//N 51°48/36//E. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,134, in 339 families. This has started its activity since September 2006 as a synoptic station and metrological information from it with the frequency of five times a day at 03,12,09,06 and 15 by UTC is recorded.
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