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Current Life Sciences ISSN 2449 -8866 1(3) 2015 Volume 1 Number 3 October-December 2015 Current Life Sciences http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/cls [email protected] Current Life Sciences ISSN 2449-8866 Editor -in -Chief List of Peer-Reviewers Tomasz M. Karpi ński http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/cls/pages/ Pozna ń University of Medical Sciences, Pozna ń, Poland view/reviewers Author Guidelines Co-Editors http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/cls/about/ Artur Adamczak – biological sciences submissions Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Pozna ń, Poland More information – medical sciences Anna K. Szkaradkiewicz www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/cls Pozna ń University of Medical Sciences, Pozna ń, Poland Statistical Editor Paweł Zaprawa, Lublin, Poland DISCLAIMER Language Editor The Publisher and Editors cannot be held responsible for errors and any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this Dominik Piechocki, London, UK journal; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher and Editors, neither does the publication of advertisements constitute any endorsement by the Publisher and Editors Scientific Editorial Board of the products advertised. ė Ligita Baležentien , Akademija, Lithuania Cover: http://openwalls.com/image?id=20115, Licence Creative Commons Romdhane Karoui, Arras, France Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Stephano Loppi, Siena, Italy Copyright: © The Author(s) 2015. Current Life Sciences © 2015 T.M.Karpi ński. All articles and abstracts are open-access, distributed Apostolos Papadopoulos, Lincoln, UK under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 Miklas Scholz, Greater Manchester, UK International License, which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, Bechan Sharma, Allahabad, India distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. Josef Velišek, Vodnany, Czech Republic Publisher and Editor's office: Tomasz M. Karpi ński, Szkółkarska 88B, Anju Verma, Columbia, USA 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Current Life Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 3, October-December 2015 Contents 93-102 Taxonomic novelties of the genus Lactuca L. in Jammu and Kashmir (India): diversity, phenology and distribution B. L. Bhellum, Bikarma Singh 103-111 Vegetation patterns and floristic composition of Yemen Othman Saad Saeed Al-Hawshabi, Salah Mohamed El-Naggar 112-117 Preliminary study of butterfly species variation in FRI campus in accordance to its micro climatic condition Jayashree Das, Siba Prasad Parida 118-123 Unrecorded macrofungi from the Narpuh Reserve Forest of Meghalaya, India Rajesh Kumar, Shailesh Pandey, Krishna Girl, Gaurav Mishra, Raja R. Rishi 124-134 Comparative studies on physico-chemical variations of two major mangrove wetlands in East coast of Tamilnadu, India A. Arunprasath, M. Gomathinayagam Current Life Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 3, October-December 2015 Current ISSN 2449-8866 Research Article Life Sciences Taxonomic novelties of the genus Lactuca L. in Jammu and Kashmir (India): diversity, phenology and distribution B. L. Bhellum 1, Bikarma Singh 2,3* ¹Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Parade, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir State, India 2Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir State, India 3Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India *Corresponding author: Bikarma Singh; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20 July 2015; Revised submission: 21 September 2015; Accepted: 25 September 2015 Copyright: © The Author(s) 2015. Current Life Sciences © T.M.Karpi ński 2015. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/cls ABSTRACT family Asteraceae). According to TPL [2], 147 spe- cies are currently accepted and reported distribution The genus Lactuca L. (tribe Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from Asia, Europe and Northern America. The is revised taxonomically from the state of Jammu greatest diversity of this genus called “Lac” in Latin and Kashmir. The present investigation is based on meaning “milk” is chiefly confined to Mediterra- field collection from natural habitat and scrutiny of nean Basin and South-West Asia [3, 4]. In India a large number of herbarium specimens deposited at 24 species have been reported so far from plains different Indian herbaria. A total of 15 species and hilly regions occupying different habitat in critically studied, revised as per latest nomenclature Himalayan belts, comprising Arunachal Pradesh, and authenticated for the state of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir. All valid taxa have been studied with the Kashmir [5, 6]. Review of literature reveals that the help of type specimens and literatures. A key to the taxonomic treatment of this genus was carried out species prepared along with detailed morphological by various botanists of India and elsewhere in the description, chromosome number, phenological world [7-17]. However, there is no published period, and regional as well as global distribution of treatment of this genus from state of Jammu and each species is presented for easy identification. Kashmir available, and the only known treatment referred so far is that of Hooker’s Flora of British Keywords: Diversity, Taxonomy, Cytology, Lactuca , India of 1881 which is more than 134 years old. Jammu and Kashmir, India. Since then a lot of ICBN nomenclatural changes have taken place and a large numbers of species 1. INTRODUCTION which were previously reported under the genus Lactuca have now been shifted to other genera such The genus Lactuca L., members of the tribe as Dubaeya, Ixeris, Xeridium, Cicubita, Launaea, Cichorieae, was established by Carl Linnaeus [1] Sonchus, Mulgedium and vice versa. under the family Compositae (currently known as From economic point of view, different spe- Current Life Sciences 2015; 1 (3): 93-102 94 | Bhellum & Singh Taxonomic novelties of the genus Lactuca L. in Jammu and Kashmir, India cies under this genus, as for example, Lactuca into five sections (viz., Lactuca L., Phoenixopus serriola L., are used for multiple purposes in Benth., Lactucopsis (Schultz Bip. ex Vis. et Pan čič) traditional medicines (like antiseptic, antispasmodic, Rony, Mulgedium (Cass.) C.B. Clarke, Micranthae cough suppressant, diuretic, expectorant, hypnotic, Boiss.). Salient characters of these five sections are purgative and sedative), and used to cure bronchitis, given below: asthma, gastrointestinal, and various other ailments (1) Section Lactuca : this section is further divided [18]. Several other species used as vegetable (e.g. into Lactuca and Cyanicae as subsection which Lactuca sativa L.), cattle feeds (e.g. Lactuca lesser- is mainly based on life cycle. The former tiana (Wall. ex DC.) Wall. ex C.B. Clarke) and subsection comprises of annual or biennial different species bears a variety of flower colour herbs; capitula is composed from 10-30 yellow such as blue, white, yellow, orange and purple florets; achenes are obovate with many ribs, which is often maintained in garden as ornamental slender pale beak usually at least as long as the plants. body (e.g. L. benthamii, L. dissecta, L. doli- Considering this fact, an effort have been chophylla, L. pygmaea , L. sativa, L. serriola ); made to provide first time taxonomic treatment however, the later, subsection are perennial of the genus Lactuca occurring in different regions herbs with capitula composed of not more than of Jammu and Kashmir state. The present commu- 22 blue or lilac florets and 1-3 ribbed achenes nication describes the updated nomenclature, and non of the Jammu and Kashmir species morphological enumeration, cytology, phenology, falls under this group. and regional as well as global distribution of 15 (2) Section Phaenixopus : Plant of this section are species of Jammu and Kashmir. A key to species is perennial, marked by decurrent leaves; capitula provided for easy identification. composed from 5-6 florets, densely branched panicle; achenes are 5-11 ribbed, oblong to 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS elliptic, contracted into beak not longer than the body (e.g. L. orientalis ). The taxonomic investigations are based on (3) Section Mulgedium : Most of the species are the study of several herbarium specimens belonging perennial; inflorescence composed from few to RRLH, JU and DD. Most of the specimens were capitula; florets are numerous, blue, lilac, rarely studied in their natural habitats, collected as voucher white in colour; achenes are compressed, and herbarium specimens prepared following marked by very short beak of same colour as standard technique [19]. The plants were carefully the plant body (e.g. L. decipiens, L. kashmiria- identified with the help of various floras and na, L. rapunculoides, L. rostrata, L. tatarica ). published literatures [20-28]. For the confirmation (4) Section Lactucopsis : Species under this sec- of identification, the specimens were cross-checked tion are mostly biennial in nature; inflores- with the housed sample lodged at herbaria of cence is usually corymbose with capitula of Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (RRLH), 6-15 florets; achenes are oblong-elliptic with and Herbarium
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