ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research
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ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research HZDR-097 Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte HZDR–097 Annual Report 2018 Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Editors J. Fassbender, M. Helm, P. Zahn Cover Picture The cover picture illustrates an artistic arrangement of two-dimensional compositional maps (hexagons) from GaAs / InAlAs / InGaAs core / shell / shell nanowire cross-sections. The different colors correspond to different group-III elements (blue for gallium, red for indium, and cyan for aluminum) as measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy mode. The pattern of hexagons is a repetitive reproduction of three different compositional maps. The large lattice-mismatch between the thin core (approximately 25 nm in diameter) and the shells causes the development of tensile hydrostatic strain up to 7 % in the core. In that way, we can tune the bandgap of the GaAs core in a very wide range, rendering these nanowires suitable for photonic devices across the near-infrared range, including telecom photonics at 1.3 and 1.55 μm. The fact that the nanowires grow epitaxially on Si substrates could enable in the future the monolithic integration of GaAs-based devices in Si-CMOS circuits. Two dark-field optical microscopy images of randomly dispersed nanowires (removed from their substrate) are also illustrated. The nanowire length is approximately 2 μm. Image: © HZDR / L. Balaghi, R. Hübner, E. Dimakis For further information see: Balaghi, L. et al., Widely tunable GaAs bandgap via strain engineering in core/shell nanowires with large lattice mismatch, Nature Communications 10, 2793 (2019) Many thanks for providing material and for technical assistance to: S. Gebel, S. Kirch, J. v. Borany, S. Facsko, P. Michel, and L. Balaghi. Print edition: ISSN 2191-8708 Electronic edition: ISSN 2191-8716 The electronic edition is published under Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa2-340789 www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-29482 Published by Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V. This report is also available at https://www.hzdr.de/FWI. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V. Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany Directors Prof. Dr. M. Helm Prof. Dr. J. Fassbender Phone +49 351 260 2260 +49 351 260 3096 Fax +49 351 260 3285 +49 351 260 3285 Email [email protected] [email protected] www.hzdr.de/FWI Annual Report IIM 2018, HZDR-097 3 Preface by the directors The Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research conducts materials research for future applications in, e.g., information technology. To this end, we make use of the various possibilities offered by our Ion Beam Center (IBC) for synthesis, modification, and analysis of thin films and nanostructures, as well as of the free-electron laser FELBE at HZDR for THz spectroscopy. The analyzed materials range from semiconductors and oxides to metals and magnetic materials. They are investigated with the goal to optimize their electronic, magnetic, optical as well as structural functionality. This research is embedded in the Helmholtz Association’s programme “From Matter to Materials and Life”. Six publications from last year are highlighted in this Annual Report to illustrate the wide scientific spectrum of our institute. The early highlight of the year 2018 was an evaluation in the framework of the Helmholtz Programme-Oriented Funding (POF). This was in fact an evaluation looking at the achievements of the individual “Research Units” (in our case: Institutes) in the present POF period. Our institute received the grade “outstanding”, the highest out of 7 possible grades. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all members of the institute for their tremendous efforts that have led to this fantastic outcome! However, this is not the end – presently we are preparing the so-called “strategic evaluation“ of the Helmholtz Programmes, which will take place in January 2020. Our third-party funding remains on a high level: we are coordinating two large I3 projects from the EU – one related to the European synchrotrons and free-electron lasers (CALIPSOplus) and one related to European ion beam facilities (RADIATE). In particular remarkable are 10 DFG grants successfully acquired by our scientists during the 12-months period from 4/2018 to 3/2019. We think this is a quite extraordinary achievement within the Helmholtz Association considering the eligibility restrictions we are bound to. Our scientists demonstrated their excellence through a number of recognitions and awards. Dr. Nico Klingner and Dr. René Heller received the HZDR Innovation Award for the development of a retrofitable time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer for the Helium ion microscope. The 2nd prize went to Dr. Slawomir Prucnal and Max Stöber (jointly with Dr. Charaf Cherkouk from TUBAF) for their work on novel electrodes for secondary batteries. Toni Hache was honored with the Georg- Simon-Ohm Award 2018 of the German Physical Society (DPG) for his Master Thesis on the “Fabrication and Characterization of Spin-Hall-Effect based Nano-Microwave Oscillators”. We sincerely congratulate all prize winners! A large part of our research is actually being done by our PhD students – seven of them successfully finished their PhD in 2018, remarkable three of them even with the highest honor “summa cum laude”. The education of the PhD students was supported by topical courses on “How to manage your PhD project” and “Scientific Presentation”. Several conferences and workshops were organized by scientists from our institute: the ”2nd international HeFIB conference on Helium and emerging Focused Ion Beams” was organized by Dr. Gregor Hlawacek and attracted around 80 participants. It covered a wide range of emerging FIB technologies and had strong support by several companies. Dr. Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl co-organized the conference “Flatlands Beyond Graphene” in Leipzig and Prof. Sibylle Gemming a summer school on “Deep materials: Perspectives on data-driven materials research” at TU Dresden. In the framework of the HZDR “High-Potential Programme”, PD Dr. Georgy Astakhov from University of Würzburg joined our institute and established a new group on “Quantum Materials and Technology” within the Semiconductor Materials department. 4 Preface Finally, we would like to cordially thank all partners, friends, and organizations who supported our progress in 2018. Special thanks are due to the Executive Board of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden- Rossendorf, the Minister of Science and Arts of the Free State of Saxony, and the Ministers of Education and Research, and of Economic Affairs and Energy of the Federal Government of Germany. Numerous partners from universities, industry and research institutes all around the world contributed essentially, and play a crucial role for the further development of the institute. Last but not least, the directors would like to thank again all members of our institute for their efforts and excellent contributions in 2018. Prof. Manfred Helm Prof. Jürgen Fassbender Annual Report IIM 2018, HZDR-097 5 Contents Selected Publications Copyright remarks ........................................................................................................................ 9 DNA-Mold Templated Assembly of Conductive Gold Nanowires ........................................... 11 Bayrak, T.; Helmi, S.; Ye, J.; Kauert, D.; Kelling, J.; Schönherr, T.; Weichelt, R.; Erbe, A.; Seidel, R. Electronic-skin compasses for geomagnetic field-driven artificial magnetoreception and interactive electronics .................................................................................................................. 19 Cañón Bermúdez, G. S.; Fuchs, H.; Bischoff, L.; Fassbender, J.; Makarov, D. Laser-Rewriteable Ferromagnetism at Thin-Film Surfaces ..................................................... 26 Ehrler, J.; He, M.; Shugaev, M. V.; Polushkin, N. I.; Wintz, S.; Liersch, V.; Cornelius, S.; Hübner, R.; Potzger, K.; Lindner, J.; Fassbender, J.; Ünal, A. A.; Valencia, S.; Kronast, F.; Zhigilei, L. V.; Bali, R. Supported Two-Dimensional Materials under Ion Irradiation: The Substrate Governs Defect Production ......................................................................................................................... 34 Kretschmer, S.; Maslov, M.; Ghaderzadeh, S.; Ghorbani-Asl, M.; Hlawacek, G.; Krasheninnikov, A. V. Gapless Broadband Terahertz Emission from a Germanium Photoconductive Emitter ...... 44 Singh, A.; Pashkin, A.; Winnerl, S.; Helm, M.; Schneider, H. Extended Infrared Photoresponse in Te-Hyperdoped Si at Room Temperature ................... 50 Wang, M.; Berencén, Y.; García-Hemme, E.; Prucnal, S.; Hübner, R.; Yuan, Y.; Xu, C.; Rebohle, L.; Böttger, R.; Heller, R.; Schneider, H.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.; Zhou, S. Statistics User facilities and services ......................................................................................................... 61 Ion Beam Center (IBC) ................................................................................................................... 61 Free Electron Laser (FELBE) ......................................................................................................... 63 Experimental equipment .............................................................................................................. 64 Doctoral training programme .....................................................................................................