Building Structure I B ARE231B
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Ho Shing Him Oscar, 173401110 Building Structure I B ARE231B Assignment 3 Building Structure List Make of list of each reference to a building or structure mentioned in the lectures. Identify and describe in one or two sentences the significant aspect or issue. Include: Name of building or structure, place, architect and/or engineer, date of completion. Lecture 1 Introduction Sports Palace (Rome, Italy) P. L. Nervi, 1957 Arena is constructed with a ribbed concrete shell dome and is constructed of 1,620 prefabricated concrete pieces, which are braced by concrete flying buttresses. Portugese National Pavilion Expo 98 (Lisbon, Portugal) Alvaro Siza, 1998 Curved concrete roof plane suspended between stone clad slim bookend pavilions. HSBC Headquarters (Hong Kong) Norman Foster, 1985 High rise building, no support structure inside and it can be disassembled freely. All supporting structures are located outside the building, making the floor space more practical. Pont du Gard (nr Nimes, France) Roman construction, 1985 Built on three levels, the three levels of arches are recessed, with the main piers in line one above another. Exchange House (Londaon, UK) Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM), 1990 The shape and structure are built on an exposed steel bridge spanning 78 meters long railway station. Four parallel arches form the structure of the building Statue of Liberty (NYC, USA) Gustave Eiffel & F. A. Bartholdi (sculptor), 1886 Sculpted monumental figure clad in sections of formed sheet metal supported with lightweight steel framing to a four column steel central mast. Rests on a classical stone base designed by the architect Richard Morris Hunt. Columbus Convention Center (Columbus, Ohio, USA) Peter Eisenmann, 1993 Large, low rise building composed of narrow curved building forms that mask the scale of the interior open floor convention halls. Early example of what PE termed “soft architecture”. 880 N Lake Shore Drive (Chicago, Illinois, USA) Mies Van der Rohe, 1949-51 Twin multi storey steel frame residential towers (26/F). Structure forms an ideal 3x8 grid of unit bays of 6.46m (21 ft.). Renault Distribution Center (Swindon, England, UK) Norman Foster with Ove Arup & Partners engr. 1982 Industrial high-tech building with painted (yellow) steel frames composed of masted columns and cable stayed trussed beam spans (24m). Tagus Bridge (proposed) (Portugal) Fritz Leonhardt, 1960 Steel mono-cable suspension bridge with aerodynamic bridge deck design and diagonal web of suspension hangars. Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) I.M. Pei with Leslie Robertson, engr. 1983 Unique, innovative mega-space frame (steel) with four corner columns. BCE PLACE: Galleria & Heritage Square (Toronto) S. Calatrava, 1989 Tall glass roofed arcade inserted between buildings. Steel column structure bifurcates in resemblance to tree trunk form. Sections made of welded cut plate steel. Church of San Lorenzo (Turin, Italy) Guarino Guarini, late 17th c Magnificent dome structure of intersecting arch ribs on a hexagonal geometry. US Pavilion at Expo (Montreal, Canada) R. Buckminster Fuller (w/ Shoji Sadao), 1967. A spherical dome using the geodesic patent of the inventor. See also Alcoa Aluminum Headquarters (Mobile, Alabama). Eiffel Tower (Paris) Gustav Eiffel, 1889 The Eiffel Tower was created for the Paris Exposition of 1889. It was the tallest building ever constructed (300m). It’s form is tapered, wide at the base to resist bending moments created by wind loads. Caree d’Art Museum (Nimes, France) Norman Foster & Associates, 1983 A prominent museum of art in southern France. Won in competition and noted for its unique entrance canopy supported by very slender columns of titanium steel. Hotel Arts (Barcelona, Spain) Skidmore Owings and Merrill, 1991 A residence for the Summer Olympics Athletes. Features an exposed steel frame on the exterior that was approved on the basis of fire performance tests. Stadelhofen Rail Station platform canopy (Zurich, Switzerland) S. Calatrava, 1986 A cantilevered steel and glass canopy whose form is closely related to a desk table design (1948) by Jean Prouve. Montjuïc Communications Tower (Barcelona, Spain) S. Calatrava, 1992 A striking communications tower 136m in height. Its bent, iconic main structural column creates a dynamic contraposto to the upright, spindle shape communications antenna it supports high above. Alamillo Bridge (Seville, Spain) S. Calatrava, 1989. Noted for its inclined asymmetrically positioned moment resisting mast from which emanates the cable stays supporting the bridge span. Lecture 2 Foundations Castel S’ Angelo Bridge (Rome) Piranesi , 134 AD The bridge is faced with travertine marble and spans the Tiber with five arches, three of which are Roman; it was approached by means of ramp from the river. Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy) Bonanno Pisano, 1372 It is designed to be built vertically, but it was tilted shortly after the project began due to uneven foundations and soft soil layers The tower leaned southeast. MTR Station at Tung Chung (Hong Kong) Rocco Design Limited & Ove Arup HK, 1997 The roof structure is a double cantilever beam slab. The supporting beam between piers must resist both the vertical load transferred to it by the cantilevered ribbed slab as well as the twisting or torsional force also created by the cantilever. World Trade Center (New York,America) Minoru Yamasaki and Emery Roth, 1973 It was the tallest building in the world at the time and a landmark in New York. 9/11 incident that occurred on September 11, 2001 Exeter Library (Exeter, New Hampshire,America) Louis Kahn, 1972 An independent boarding school located in Exeter, New Hampshire. It is the largest secondary school library in the world.It consists entirely of a double zone around a large central space, the inner zone being the library area protected from direct sunlight Burj Khalifa (Dubai) Adrian Smith and Marshall Strabala, 2010 The burj khalifa tower is the highest self-supporting structure in the world. It relies on a core column extending from the ground floor to the 156th floor "585 meters" and three buttress core supporting towers. Tai Wai KCR (Hong Kong) Aedas, 2004 An around 40 metres high volume which focuses all attention through the south façade toward views of Hong Kong’s Central skyline and Victoria Peak beyond Festival Walk (Hong Kong) Arquitectonica, 1998 The long span across the open circulation zone. Columns are located just inside the shop fronts, out of the way of interference with circulation movement. United College Chan Chun Ha Hostel (Hong Kong) Chau, Ku & Leung Architects & Engineers Limited, 2004 Chan Chun Ha Hostel is a ten-storey building that commands breathtaking views of Tolo Harbour. Foundations on slopes,the rooms in the east generally only look out onto the slope. Mong Man Wai Building (Hong Kong) Ho Tao, 1998 At the base of the slope the rock emerges from the soil . Here the length of the caisson is very short, needing only to be socketed into the rock. Columns of the structure extend below the building to be attached to the tops of the caissons. Lecture 3 Integrated Floor Austin Hall (Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass) H. H. Richardson, 1884 The hall was built 1882–1884 in Romanesque Revival style. Single-story wings flank a heavy, two-story central mass, with the reading room extending rearwards to form an overall T shape. 23 bis Rue Franklin (Paris, France) August Perret, 1903 Reinforced concrete frame, large infill glazing: column to column, floor to ceiling Maison Jaoul (Paris, France) Le Corbusier, 1956 Shallow concrete vaults cast against a permanent framework of thin bricks set in place without the use of centering. These brick spans served as permanent molds for the shell concrete vaults cast in place on top of them. Theatre de Champs Elysee (Paris, France) August Perret, 1911 The theatre is built of reinforced concrete and features rectangular forms, straight lines, and decoration attached to the outside on plaques of marble and stucco, which was a radical departure from the Art Nouveau style. Dom-ino Housing Project (Paris, France) Le Corbusier, 1915 Steel girders temporarily attached to the columns with pegs support steel beams which directly support the blocks. No wood formwork is required except to block the edges or the slab. Villa Carthage (North coast of Algeria) Le Corbusier, 1925 The problem consisted of trying to avoid the sun while assuring a constant ventilation in the house. Villa Savoye (near Paris,France) Le Corbusier, 1928 Le Corbusier's best known building. Use columns to support instead of walls, which can have free planes, free facades, and horizontal windows; without using load-bearing walls, arrange partitions as needed. Cook House (Paris,France) Le Corbusier, 1926 As in most of the houses of Le Corbusier the structure was performed by slab formwork encasetonadas or system. As one of the first projects the Villa Cook maintains the design of the five points from the assumption Le Corbusier. Zurich Warehouse (Zurich,Switzerland) Robert Maillart, 1910 Zurich Warehouse was the first of Robert Maillart’s buildings to be constructed with his patented beamless slab floors supported on ‘mushroom’ columns. Robie House (Chicago,America) Frank Lloyd Wrigh, 1908 Best known examples of Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie style of architecture. The term was coined by architectural critics and historians who noticed how the buildings and their various components owed their design influence to the landscape and plant life of the midwest prairie of the United States. Larkin Building (Buffalo,New York) Frank Lloyd Wrigh, 1904 The five story dark red brick building used pink tinted mortar and utilized steel frame construction.The space is occupied by lower steel cabinets filers, windows are double. Lever House (Manhattan, New York) Skidmore Owings and Merrill, 1951 Glass-box skyscraper. The design of the Lever House offsets the tall office tower from the horizontal base. Curtain wall which is made of bluegreen heat-resistant glass and stainless steel.