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CTBUH Technical Paper CTBUH Technical Paper http://technicalpapers.ctbuh.org Subject: Other Paper Title: Talking Tall: The Global Impact of 9/11 Author(s): Klerks, J. Affiliation(s): CTBUH Publication Date: 2011 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal 2011 Issue III Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat/Author(s) CTBUH Journal International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2011 Issue III Special Edition World Trade Center: Ten Years On Inside Case Study: One World Trade Center, New York News and Events 36 Challenging Attitudes on 14 “While, in an era of supertall buildings, big of new development. The new World Trade Bridging over the tracks was certainly an Center Transportation Hub alone will occupy engineering challenge. “We used state-of-the- numbers are the norm, the numbers at One 74,300 square meters (800,000 square feet) to art methods of analysis in order to design one Codes and Safety serve 250,000 pedestrians every day. Broad of the primary shear walls that extends all the World Trade are truly staggering. But the real concourses (see Figure 2) will connect Tower way up the tower and is being transferred at One to the hub’s PATH services, 12 subway its base to clear the PATH train lines that are 02 This Issue story of One World Trade Center is the lines, the new Fulton Street Transit Center, the crossing it,” explains Yoram Eilon, vice Kenneth Lewis Nicholas Holt World Financial Center and Winter Garden, a president at WSP Cantor Seinuk, the structural innovative solutions sought for the ferry terminal, underground parking, and retail engineers for the project. “In addition, the Jose Torero Authors unprecedented challenges faced in building a and dining venues. layout of below grade structure and columns Kenneth Lewis, Managing Director took into account the dynamic envelope of Nicholas Holt, Technical Director The resulting underground challenges can be Charles Killebrew, Figure 2. Councourse below grade © SOM these train lines. The design of the structure project of this size on such a difficult site.” likened to a four-dimensional chess game. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP But the real story of One World Trade Center is also meets the Port Authority requirements 14 Wall Street First of all, obstructions exist three the innovative solutions sought for the that these lines remain operable during New York, NY 10005 The world knows what happened in Lower Manhattan on September 11, 2001. The twin dimensionally in overlapping planes at unprecedented challenges faced in building a construction. In order to comply, we designed t: +1 212 298 9300 towers of the World Trade Center and several other buildings were damaged or destroyed, varying depths. Secondly, per the brief, the f: +1 212 298 9500 project of this size on such a difficult site. a steel structure that bridges over the tracks, CTBUH Trustee e: [email protected] and more than 3,000 people were killed. The ground smoldered for months. Rescue was PATH train service was to remain operational which supported the wet concrete loads www.som.com replaced by recovery, which was followed by eight brutal months of removing thousands of and existing structures had to be preserved during construction and was eventually tons of debris from what became known as Ground Zero. What most people do not realize is throughout excavation and construction. Site integrated into the permanent structure.” 38 How WTC Affected Tall Kenneth Lewis that reconstruction of the 6.5-hectare (16-acre) site began soon after the cleanup, due to the Threading steel members, conduits, and Kenneth A. Lewis is a Director in SOM’s New York office. The project team was confronted with He joined the firm in 1986 and has served on a diverse fact that the initial work began underground and was therefore out of sight. shafts through the maze required precision range of projects including mixed-use developments, unprecedented challenges. The site sits over a timing not only to avoid service or commercial towers, corporate headquarters, and Now that buildings are emerging into the 10th anniversary of the attacks in September vast tangle of existing subterranean obstacles. Structural Design healthcare facilities. construction disruptions, but to ensure that light of day, the ambitious redevelopment is 2011. The Port Authority is developing a major The new tower must bridge existing PATH The tower’s structure is designed around a Mr. Lewis began his career at SOM as Senior Designer. subsequent development would not be Building Life Safety Design He has managed and brought to successful clearly visible. One World Trade Center (1WTC), transportation hub. Silverstein Properties, the train tracks adjacent to existing subway tracks, obstructed. massive, redundant steel moment frame completion several projects of enormous scale, designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, is previous developer of 1WTC, is building three as well as accommodate a planned network consisting of beams and columns ® complexity, and visibility, including the award-winning 04 CTBUH News and Events mixed-use Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle in rising on the northwest corner of the site. The additional office towers for the site. New York and the 7 World Trade Center in Lower National September 11 Memorial is also under Manhattan, and Brookfield Properties’ Hudson Yards Even with all of these high-profile projects, Competition Entry. He is currently managing the One construction and will be completed by the 1WTC will dominate the site, not merely as World Trade Center. All of the projects Ken is managing Carl Baldasara, Jon Evenson & New York City’s (and North America’s) tallest are slated to achieve a Gold rating under the USGBC LEED® CS rating system. He was also closely involved in building, but as an icon representing the development of sustainability design guidelines Antony Wood, for the World Trade Center. He is active in the public perseverance, innovation, and urban realm, and his projects have been honored with modernism (see Figure 1). The US$ 3.2 billion numerous design awards. tower, based on a revised 2005 design, now Simon Lay Nicholas Holt rises from a footprint measuring 61 by 61 Directing the technical architecture team in SOM’s New York office, Mr. Holt oversees the detailed meters (200 by 200 feet), set back from the CTBUH Executive Director development and documentation for all of the New site’s northwest corner. Constructed of York office’s projects. Since joining SOM in 1995, he has developed extensive experience working on high-rise concrete and steel, the 104-story tower will and supertall commercial/mixed use towers, financial include a multi-level observation deck and trading facilities, health science projects and multi-family residential/hotel towers. reach 417 meters (1,368 feet) above ground. A Mr. Holt is an industry leader in the practical two-story ring supporting broadcasting application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) services will support a spire, which will and the associated implementation of new project delivery models aimed at developing projects more culminate at a symbolic 1,776 feet (541 efficiently and effectively. Recent examples are 250 meters) – 1776 being the year of American 40 An Overview: Urban West 55th Street, and the Mt. Sinai Center for Science and Medicine, which were among the first major independence. projects in NYC to be designed and documented in a 05 Debating Tall 100% BIM environment. While, in an era of supertall buildings, big Mr. Holt also leads the Center for Architecture Science numbers are the norm, the numbers at One and Ecology (CASE), a research collaboration between World Trade are truly staggering: 5,660 cubic SOM and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. With a focus Terrorism meters (200,000 cubic feet) of concrete; on developing new sustainable materials and technologies, CASE blends private sector practicality, 92,920 square meters (1 million square feet) of academic exploration and scientific rigor to seek Opinions for and against on a emergent technologies and develop them for practical exterior glazing; 40,800 metric tons (45,000 US application in buildings. tons) of structural steel; and 241,550 square Sofia Dermisi Figure 1. One World Trade Center © SOM/dbox Studio meters (2.6 million square feet) of office space. topical issue 14 | One World Trade Center, New York CTBUH Journal | 2011 Issue III CTBUHCCTCTBTBTBUUHH JournalJJouJoouournarrnnanal | 201120100111111 IssueIIsssuessuueue IIIIIIII OnOOnenene WWoWorldorlrrldldld TradeTTrraadadeddee Center,CeCententntteerr,, NNeNewewew YoYYorkorkrk | 1515 42 Impacts on Building Security 05 What’s on the Web? Measures Featuring new content now Geoff Craighead available on the website Revitalizing Lower Manhattan: 20 World Trade Center in Context Towers Besides One World Trade Center, Towers 2, 3 “It is nearly impossible to predict when the World Trade Center site will and 4 have been planned along the newly 44 Rethinking Evacuation: aligned Greenwich Street, at the eastern be fully rebuilt and occupied. As it is already gradually becoming part of perimeter of the site. Although the 06 CTBUH 2011 Award Winners foundations of Towers 2 and 3 are part of the the New York urban context, it can be argued that there will never be one current ongoing construction, further definitive moment of completion.” development of these buildings has been Rethinking Cities pushed back awaiting market demand. Tower An overview by Jan Klerks, CTBUH Communications Manager/Journal Editor 4, however, is currently under construction. To 2011 Winners of the Best Tall the south of the original site and on the location of the recently demolished Deutsche Almost 10 years after the destruction of the Twin Towers, the reconstruction of the World Trade Center site is in full swing.
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