1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5293 S. 1833. An act for the relief of Barbara EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, SENATE Jean Takada; s. 2294. An act for the relief of Carl ETC. FRIDAy' MAy 16, 1952 Himura; and The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ S. 2639. An act to amend the Railroad Un­ fore the Senate the following letters, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ACT OF 1948 The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Shinohara; on the expiration of the recess. S. 1154. An act for the relief of Edi Ber­ A letter from the Secretary of State, 'trans­ toli, Gino Guglielmi, and Serafinio Ballerini; mitting a draft of proposed legislation to Rt. Rev. John P. Boland, pastor, .st. S. 1796. An act for the relief of Bruno Leo amend the United States Information and Thomas Aquinas Church, Buffalo, N. Y., Freund; Educatio~al Exchange Act of 1948 (with an offered the following prayer: S. 1812. An act for the relief of Janice accompanying paper); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. In the name of the Father and of the Justina King; and S. 1853. An act for the relief of Hidemi CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS OF NATIONAL MUNI­ Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. Nakano. TIONS CONTROL BOARD Lord God of nations, of all men, we A letter from the Executive Secretary, Na­ thank You for crowning our being with MESSAGE FROM THF HOUSE tional Munitions Control Board, Department of State, Washington, D. C., transmitting, dignity, for lining our way with the A message from the House of Repre­ guide rails of laws, for giving us a peace­ pursuant to law, copies of confidential re­ sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its ports prepared by the Board; to the Commit· ful destiny. We are bound to You by reading clerks, announced that the tee on Foreign Relations. hoops of sonship and the love it pre­ House had passed the bill ALASKA and structures for terms of not less than Hold these chosen representatives of 8 or more than 25 years and for acquisi­ A letter from the Under Secretary of the a favored new world inspired. May they tion of title to such properties and struc­ Interior, transmitting a draft of proposed make all of Your world, even that which tures by the United States at or before the legislation to amend section 6 of the act o'f is not yet awake, even that which is tot­ expiration of the lease terms, and for other July 31, 1950, relating to appropriations for tering on the brink of decay, new. Keep purposes; and construction by the Secretary of the Interior it new and wholesome. H. R. 7313. An act making appropriations of the Eklutna project, Alaska (with an ac­ for the legislative branch for the fiscal year companying paper); to the Committee on In­ We ask Your blessing upon their ending June 30, 1953, and for other pur­ terior and Insular Affairs. thinking and their doing; turn the do­ poses. ALLEVIATION OF PROBLEM CAUSED BY CREATION mestic and foreign crises which beset OF SMALL FRACTIONAL INTERESTS IN TRUST them and us into opportunities. Ham­ AND RESTRICTED LANDS OF INDIVIDUAL ENROLLED BILL AND JOINT mer out the golden sun of their language INDIANS and the dark-silvered steel of their deeds RESOLUTION SIGNED A letter from the Secretary of the In­ on the anvils of measured plans for a The message . further announced that terior, transmitting a draft of proposed leg­ world more pleasing to Your providence. the Speaker had affixed his signature to islation to alleviate the problem caused by These things we ask as we twine our the following enrolled bill and joint reso­ the creation of small fractional interests in fingers in prayer to Christ Jesus, our lution, and they were signed by the Presi­ trust and restricted lands of individual In­ dians, and for other purposes (with an ac­ Lord. Amen. dent pro tempore: companying paper); to the Committee on H. R. 5715. An act to increase certain pay Interior and Insular Affairs. and allowances for members of the uni­ THE JOURNAL REPORT OF AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTER­ formed services, and for other purposes; and NATIONAL LAW H.J. Res. 445. Joint resolution authorizing On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and the President of the United States to pro­ A letter from the Secretary, American So­ by unanimous consent, the reading of claim the 7-day period beginning May 18, ciety of International Law, Washington, the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs­ 1952, as Olympic Week. D. C., transmitting, pursuant to law, a report of the society for the year ended December day, May 15, 1952, was dispensed with. 31, 1951 (with an accompanying report); to LEAVE OF ABSENCE the Committee on the Judiciary. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ On his own request, and by unanimous REPORT ON CERTAIN FEDERAL-AID AIRPORT APPROVAL OF BILLS PROGRAM consent, Mr. MAYBANK was excused from A letter from the Secretary of Commerce, Messages in writing from the President attendance on the sessions of the Senate transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on of the United States were communicated on Monday and Tuesday next, because of the Federal-aid airport program, class 4, and to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his official business. larger airport projects that should be under­ taken during fiscal year 1953 (with an accom­ secretaries, and he announced that the panying report); to the Committee on Inter­ President had approved and signed the TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE state and Foreign Commerce. following acts : BUSINESS DANmL E. WHELAN, JR. · On May 15, 1952: Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I A letter from the Acting Secretary of Com­ s. 1333. An act for the relief of Maria merce, transmitting a draft of proposed leg­ Seraphenia Egawa; ask unanimous consent that Senators be permitted to make insertions in the REC­ islation to authorize the restoration of Daniel S. 1365. An act to assist Federal prisoners E. Whelan, Jr., lieutenant commander, re­ 1n their rehabilitation; ORD and transact other routine business, tired, to the active list of the United States S. 1692. An act for the relief of Hilde without debate. Coast and Geodetic Survey (with accom­ Schindler and her minor daughter, Edeline The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ panying papers); to the Committee on Inter­ Schindler; out objection, it is so ordered. state and Foreign Commerce. 5294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 16 SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALIENS­ remonstrating against the adoption of the Cb) Instead of the open-ended author­ WITHDRAWAL OF NAMES Puerto Rican Constitution; to the Commit­ ization to make contributions in con­ A letter from the Acting Attorney Gen­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs. nection with loans for housing and eral, withdrawing the names of An-Hwa Liu and Ann Ling Liu from a report relating to buildings on potentially adequate farms aliens whose deportation had been suspend­ REPORTS OF A COMMI'ITEE pursuant to section 503 of Public Law ed, transmitted to the Senate on July 2. 171, the power was extended for 1 year, 1951; to the Committee on the Judiciary. The following reports of a committee with the power to make not exceeding were submitted: an additional $2,000,000 contributions By Mr. GEORGE, from the Committee on per annum. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Finance: (c) Instead of the open-ended exten­ H. R. 1842. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Petitions, etc., were laid before the Ann Morrison; with an amendment (Rept. sion of the power to make special loans Senate, and referred as indicated: No. 1583); and and grants for minor improvements for By the PRESIDENT pro tempore: H. R. 7345. A bill to exclude from gross housing and buildings pursuant to sec­ Resolutions of the General Court of the Income the proceeds of certain sports pro­ tion 504 of Public Law 171 the power was Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relating to grams conducted for the benefit of the extended for 1 year, with the power to aid to Massachusetts in cases of severe un­ American National Red Cross; with amend­ make not exceeding an additional $10,- employment; to the Committee on Finance. ments (Rept. No. 1584). 000,000 in such special loans and grants. (See resolutions printed in full when pre­ Seventh. Federally chartered savings sented by Mr. LODGE (for himself and Mr. and loan associations: An amendment SALTONSTALL} on May 15, 1952, pp. 5275-5276, AMENDMENT OF DEFENSE HOUSING was added to remove, in connection with CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.) LAWS-REPORT OF A COMMITTEE A letter from the general counsel of the federally chartered savings and loan as­ New York State Civil Defense Commission, Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, from sociations, the present provisions of law relating to correspondence between the State the Committee on Banking and Cur­ which limit to 15 percent of assets the of New York and the States of New Hamp­ rency, I report favorably, with amend­ amount of mortgages which can be pur­ shire, .Delaware, and Pennsylvania, concern­ ments, the bill CS. 3066) to amend de­ chased outside the 50-mile limit of the ing the existence of the interstate civil de­ institution's home omce, FHA-insured fense compact existing between them; to the fense housing laws, and for other pur­ Comr.;ttee on Armed Services. poses, and I submit a report Hawaii, favoring the enact­ should like to call attention to the ment of House bill 6521, relating to the im­ report will be received, and the bill will portation of commercial explosives into Ha­ changes which were made in the bill by be placed on the calendar; and, without waii; to the Committee on Interstate and the committee. objection, the report will be printed in Foreign Commerce. First. FHA: The additional $1,000,- the RECORD. A memorial signed by Mrs. George W. 000,000 insurance authorization, as The report is as follows: Bean, and sundry members of St. John's originally proposed in the bill, was re­ The Committee on Banking and Currency, Protestant Episcopal Church, Georgetown duced to a $400,000,000 increase, and the to whom was referred the bill (S. 3066) to Parish, Washington, D. C., remonstrating new authorization was limited in use to amend defense housing laws, and for other against +he appointment of an Ambassador programed defense housing in critical purposes, having considered the same, report to the Vatican; to the Committee on Foreign defense housing areas, military housing favorably thereon, with amendments, and Relations. under the Maybank-Wherry Act, and unanimously recommended that the bill, as A cablegram in the nature of a petition amended, do pass. from Abelardo Martinez Otero, president, disaster housing. municipal assembly, and Enrique Rodriguez, Second. FNMA: The additional $1,- I. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT municipal secretary, of Arecibo, P.R., praying 300,000,000 of advance commitment au­ This bill would provide increases in au­ for the approval of the Puerto R ican Consti­ thority, as originally proposed in the bill, thorizations and other changes in existing tution; to the Committee on Interior and was reduced to a $900,000,000 increase. law which are necessary to carry out effec­ Insular Affairs. Third. Community facilities: The pro­ tively the Defense Housing and Community A cablegram in the nature of a petition posed increase of $100,000,000 in the Facilities and Services Act of 1951. That from Juan Suarez, president, Association of act was designed to assist the proVision of Industrials, San Juan, P. R., embody­ present $60,000,000 authorization for housing and community facilities and serv­ ing a resolution adopted by that association, community facilities w·as reduced to ices required to meet the needs of in-migrant favoring the adoption of the Puerto Rican $40,000,000, making the total authoriza­ defense workers and military personnel in Constitution; to the Committee on Interior tion for community facilities $100,000,- critical defense housing areas. The amounts and Insular Affairs. 000 instead of $160,000,000 as originally of the increases in the dollar authorizations A letter and cablegram, in the nature o! proposed. provided in the bill as introduced and as petitions, from Joaquin Torre Noriega, pres­ Fourth. Direct housing construction reported by your committee are as follows: ident, municipal committee, People's Demo­ cratic Party, Ciales, P. R., praying for by the Federal Government: The pro­ posed increase of $200,000,000 in the Increase in Increase in the adoption of the Puerto Rican Constitu­ Authorization bill as bill as tion; to the Committee on Interior and In­ present $50,000,000 authorization for introduced reported sular Affairs. housing under title m of Public Law 139 A cablegram in the nature of a petition was reduced to $50,000,000, making the 1. For FHA mortgage signed by A. Rodriguez Geigel, governor, dis­ total authorization for housing under insurance ______$1, 000, 000, 000 $400, 000, 000 trict 51, Lions International, and sundry 2. For FNMA purchases that title $100,000,000 instead of $250,- and commitments ____ 1, 300, 000, 000 SOO, 000, 000 other citizens and organizations of San Juan, 000 ,000 as originally proposed. 3. For defense housing P. R., praying for the adoption of the appropriation______200, 000, 000 50, 000, 000 Puerto Rican Constitution; to the Commit­ Fifth. Alaska housing: The proposed 4. For community facili- tee on Interior and Insular Affairs. $10,000,QOO increase in the present au­ ties and services ap- propriation______100, 000, 000 4.0, 000, 000 A cablegram in the nature of a memorial thorization for Alaskan housing was re­ 6. For Alaska housing loan signed by Dr. Gilberto Concepcion De Garcia, duced to $5,000,000, making the total appropriation______10, 000, 000 5, 000, 000 p resident, Puerto Rico Independence Party, authorization for Alaska housing $20,- San Juan, P. R., remonstrating against the 000,000 instead of $25,000,000 as _orig­ Total______2, 610, 000, 000 1, 395, 000. 000 approval of the Puerto Rican Constitution; inally proposed. to the Committee on Interior and Insular Sixth. Farm housing: (a) Instead of Your committee has thus reduced these Affairs. the open-ended extension of the power authorizations by almost 50 percent. It has The memorial of R . .Arjona-Siaca, of Hato to make loans for homes and buildings also reduced an unlimited authorization in Rey, P. R., remonstrating against the ap­ the b111 for farm housing assistance to an proval of the Puerto Rican Constitution on adequate farms pursuant to section additional 1-year authorization at the cur­ (with an accompanying paper); to the Com­ 402 of Public Law 171, the power was rent annual dollar amounts provided in mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. extended for 1 year, with the power to existing law. A letter in the natm·e of a memorial from make not exceeding an additional $100,- Your committee firmly believes that these Vincente Geigel-Polanco, of Puerto Rico, 000,000 in such loans. reductions represent the maximum amounts CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5295 which can be made consistent with meeting farm-housing program under title V of the housing area, or (2) with respect to which urgent defense needs in critical defense Housing Act of 1949; and for housing in the Federal Housing Commissioner has issued housing areas. The increased authorizations Guam. Provisions of the bill to meet these a commitment to insure pursuant to title should be adequate, however, to continue the needs and other minor provisions are ex­ VllI of the National Housing Act, or (3) programs involved until the Eighty-third plained in detail in the section-by-section covering housing Intended to be made avail­ Congress has an opportunity to review the explanation below. able primarily for families who are victims need for further authorizations. Your committee in its action on the ex­ of a catastrophe which the President has de­ U. GENERAL tension of the Defense Production Act re­ termin..oct to be a major disaster. Except for jected an amendment to remove existing these defense or disaster mortgages, and ex­ Since the enactment of the Defense Hous­ restrictions on residential credit. This ac­ cept for mortgages for which purchase com­ ing and Community Facilities and Services tion conforms with the objective of this bill. mitments have been made, this subsection Act of 1951, the principal problem in provid­ It was concluded by yoUl' committee that would thus make ineligible for FNMA pur­ ing housing for defense workers has been such action would be undesirable for the chase any mortgages which were insured or the lack of private financing. There has time being. Freeing all home-mortgage guaranteed prior to March 1, 1952. been a general shortage of private mortgage credit from control would remove one of the This subsection would also repeal the pro­ money for housing. Also, there has been existing incentives tor making the limited vision in section 301 that no deposit or fee an apparent reluctance on the part of major supply of mortgage money available for con­ required or charged by FNMA for the pur­ sources of permanent mortgage funds to struction in critical defense-housing areas. chase of a mortgage shall exeeed 1 percent finance this housing in critical defense areas, It would also permit the limited amount of of the original principal obligation of such even with the special and liberal FHA mort­ available private funds to be used to a mortgage. The FNMA would thus be per­ gage insurance aids provided in the 1951 greater extent in the vicinity -.of major mitted ln appropriate cases to charge de­ act. SOUl'ces of private credit, thus making it more posits or fees in excess of that amount. This Recognizing the importance of this prob­ di1Dcult to finance home construction in authority ls needed to provide for flexibility lem to defense production and mtlitary in­ rural areas and in communities which are in setting fees or charges for nondefense stallations throughout the country, your distant from th,e larger financial centers. mortgage purchases whenever it may be committee held extensive round-table hear­ necessary to take additional action to further ings on mortgage financing earlier this year, m. SECI'ION-BY-SECTIO.N EXPLANATION prevent unnecessary use of the Government attended by representatives of major sources Section 1. Short title: "Housing Act of secondary market. of permanent mortgage funds, of operative 1952." The committee amendments in subsection builders, and of Government agencies. The Section 2. FHA authorization: Section 217 (a) (1) are merely to perfect the language. testimony presented at these hearings clear­ of the National Housing Act, as amended of the subseetion. ly developed the fact that the major sourceS', (which was added by the Defense Housing Subsection (a) (2): The FNMA is re­ of permanent mortgage tunds would not be and Community Facilities and Services Act stricted generally (by section 301 of the willing to make the money available for of 1951) authorized an aggregate of $1,500.- National Housing Act) from pUl'chasing needed defense housing unless they were able 000,000 of additional mortgage obligations to mortgages from one lender in excess of 50 to obtain advance commitments by the Fed­ be insured under the new· defense housing percent of all mortgages made by that lender eral National .Mortgage Association for the title (title IX) of the National Housing Act, which are otherwise eligible for purchase by purchase of the permanent mortgage loans and under older titles of that act. Authori­ FNMA. In accordance with the act, this 50 involved. This position seemed to be based ty to release the $1,500,000,000 additional percent is computed on the basis of mort­ on the assumption that investment in the FHA insurance authorization was vested in gages insured or guaranteed after April 30, needed defense housing 1s more risky from the President who could, within the total 1948. This subsection would change the the standpoint of long-term marketabll1ty. amount authorized, ~scribe the amounts base date to February 29, 1952. Your committee does not believe that the to be allocated to dtiferent titles of the act. Subsection (a) (3): Certain mortgages evidence presented supported that posi­ All but $300,000,000 of this authority has insured under the National Housing Act and tion. However, your committee 1s firmly been allocated. mortgages guaranteed under the Service­ convinced that 1:t our urgently needed de­ Section 2 of this bill, as reported, would men's Readjustment Act of 1944 are now fense housing is to be built, and built by amend section 217 in two particulars. It expressly exempted by section 301 of the private enterprise in time to meet defense would provide $400,000,000 of additional FHA National Housing Act from the 50 percem; requirements, the FNMA must be authorized insurance authorization which could be al­ limitation on FNMA purchase.a from any one to make advance commitments for the pur­ located by the President only to future lender. This subsection would change sec­ chase of mortgages on such housing. mortgages (insured by the FHA after June tion 301 so that exemptions from the 50- 30, Recent actual experience with pro'." 1952) covering defense, military, and dis­ percent limitation would depend on whether gramed defense housing confirms our con­ aster housing. It would also authorize the the mortgages to be purchased are "defense clusion reached at the round-table confer­ President to recapture any unused authori­ or disaster mortgages" as defined above. ence that FNMA advance commitments are zations under some titles of the act and al­ (See explanation of subsection (a) (1) .) now essential to the construction of most of locate them to other titles without thereby The defense or disaster mortgages would in­ Increasing the aggregate FHA authorization. such housing. The 1951 act permitted ad­ clude those insured or guaranteed under the Any amounts so allocated but unused could vance commitments of up to $200,000,000 for various sections of the National Housing Act be reallocated to the original or another title. this housing in view of the urgency of the de­ or the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of fense-housing need and the situation already Thus, the President could allocate to title 1944, but only if they cover programmed de­ existing in the private mortgage money mar­ IX (or other title of the act} any unused fense housing, military housing, or housing ket. The use of this commitment authority amount of the present $1,Li00,000,000 authori­ for victims of a catastrophe which the Pres­ zation provided in section 217 plus any un­ ident has determined to be a major disaster. produced the bulk of ~he limited amount of used parts of present authorizations pro­ defense housing on which construction has Subsection (a) (4): Section 301 of the vided in other titles. National Housing Act prohibits FNMA gen­ started. Construction has started on only Section 217, as it would be amended, would about 16,500 of the approximately 80,000 erally from entering into commitments to continue to be inapplicable to the FHA in­ purchase mortgages which are not insured units of defense housing already pro­ surance authorization for modernization and gramed. Advance commitments under the or guaranteed at the time of the commit­ repair loans under section 2 of the National ment. However, this section was amended 1951 act have covered about three-fourths Housing Act. Also, as is now provided by of all the units under construction. With by the Congress to permit such commitments section 217, no authorization under any sec­ up to $252,000,000 outstanding at any one sufficient advance commitments, there is no tion of title VI (relating to World War n war question but that the needed defense hous­ time if they related to defense or disaster and veterans' housing) may be increased by mortgages as defined above. Subsection (a) ing can be provided. Builders are anxious the President beyond present statutory to undertake the construction if financing is (4) of the bill, as reported, would increase limits. by $900,000,000 the amount of commitments availab!a, as shown by the fact that applica­ Section 3. FNMA mortgage-purchasing au­ which could be outstanding with respect to tions of builders for programed defense thority and commitments-Subsection (a) defense and disaster mortgages, so that such housing have exceeded by three times the (1): Section 301 of the National Housing total amount would be $1,152,000,000. No number of programed units. Act, as amended, authorizes the Federal Na­ authority would be granted to enter into In addition to the need for further FNMA tional Mortgage Association (FNMA) to pur­ commitments to purchase other than de­ authorizations and certain modifications in chase Government insured or guaranteed fense or disaster mortgages, and the author­ the FNMA program, we have to meet the need home mortgages if they are insured after ity to enter into commitments with respect for an additional insurance authorization to "April 30, 1948," and meet certain other pre­ to defense and disaster mortgages would ex­ carry out the home-mortgage-insurance op­ scribed conditions. This subsection would pire June SO, 1953. erations of the Federal Housing Administra­ change that date to February 29, 1952, with Subsection (b): The present purchasing tion, particularly for defense, Maybank­ respect t.o the purchase of mortgages other authority of FNMA 1s $2,750,000,000. This Wherry Act, and disaster housing. Further than "defense or disaster mortgages," which subsection, as reported, would amend sec.. legislative authority and chaziges are also are defined as mortgages ( 1) on defense ti.on 302 of the National Housing Act to in... needed for housing and community facili­ housing programed. by the HHFA Adminis­ crease this purchasing authority by $900~ ... ties under title II of the 1951 Housing Act; trator in an area determined by the Presi­ 000,000 making a total authority of $3,650,~ for Alaska defense-housing loans; for the dent or his designee to be a critical defense 000,000. However, not more than the present XCVIIl-833 5296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 16 authorization could be used for the purchase amend section 302 (b} of the 1951 act to tion 207 is regarded by the FHA as a new of mortgages other than defense or disaster permit "existing housing built or acquired application for which · the regular applica­ mortgages. by the United States under authority of tion fees must be paid, resulting in dupli­ Section 4. Authorization for defense com­ other law" to be transferred for defense use cate application fees for insurance on the munity facilities and Federal defense hous­ under the act. A number of World War II same project. This amendment would merely ing: Section 4 of the bill, as reported, would temporary housing projects were of masonry permit the application fees already paid on amend section 313 of the Defense Housing construction notwithstanding the tempo­ account of an application for a section 608 and Community Facilities and Services Act rary need because of acute lumber shortages project where the commitment has been of 1·951 in two particulars. The authoriza­ in particular localities during World War II. issued by FHA to be credited toward the fees tion for Federally-aided or provided defense Section 6. Extension of removal date for due for the section 207 application covering community facilities and services contained temporary World War II housing: This sec­ the same property or project. However, it in title III of that act would be increased tion provides for a technical amendment to - is not intended that these provisions be con­ from $60,000,000 to $100,000,000. The au­ the Lanham Act (Public Law 849, 76th Cong., strued to authorize or require any refunds thorization for Federal defense housing con­ as amended) to permit the President to ex­ of fees previously paid. tained in title III of that act would be in­ tend the December 31, 1952, date which is Section 9. Cancellation of Housing Agency creased from $50,000,000 to $100,000,000. now prescribed in section 313 of that act for notes to Treasury on account of losses on A. Defense community facilities: The ad­ the removal of certain limited classes of tem­ loans transferred to the Housing Agency from ditional authorization for community facil­ porary war and veterans' housing under the RFC: Under Reorganization Plan No. 23 of ities represents the minimum amount which jurisdiction of the Housing Administrator. 1950, a. number of prefabricated housing your committee felt should be authorized at Authority has already been granted to ex­ loans made by the RFC were transferred to this time for Federal loans and grants to tend this date with respect to the bulk of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. critical defense localities for such essential the temporary war and veterans' housing, The related RFC notes to the Treasury were facilities as water and sewer lines, water and but apparently through inadvertence these canceled and the Housing Administrator sewage treatment plants, hospitals, streets, limited classes of housing were omitted from issued a substitute note for the principal and fire-protection facilities. Water and that authority. As the law is now written, amount of the transferred loans plus accrued sewer facilities, including treatment plants, this housing must be removed by December interest. At the time of the transfer a predominate in this program. The aid is 31, 1952, except where the Housing Admin­ number of the loans were in default and furnished only where the need is defense­ istrator finds, after consultations with the many were not fully covered by collateral, so caused and only where the locality would local communities, that it is still needed. that the Housing Administrator's note to otherwise be unable to provide the facilities. All such exceptions would have to be re­ the Treasury was in excess of the recovery Full use is made of existing facilities and the examined annually and reported to the Con­ value of the transferred loans. A book re­ Congress has provided safeguards to preserve gress. The Congress has extended earlier serve of $7,777,104 for losses on account local control and operation. removal dates from time to time, the Decem­ of the transferred loans was established at Unless this type of aid is furnished, de­ ber 31, 1952, date having been established the time of the transfer but no reserve fense activities will be hindered and de­ by an amendment adopted in April 1950, fu:cds were actually transferred to the Hous­ fense housing construction delayed. Your several months -before the outbreak of the ing Administrator. Moreover, unlike the committee has found that the inability of Korean conflict. After the outbreak of the RFC, the Housing Administrator had no local defense communities to provide such Korean confiict, in order to continue tem­ accumulated net income from an existing facilities is an obstacle to the provision of porary housing in use for defense purposes, lending program with which to pay losses. housing by private enterprise. the Congress enacted section 611 of the The actual process of foreclosing on or liq­ B. Defense housing: The additional au­ Lanham Act, authorizing the President to uidating some of the loans indicates that thorization of $50,000,000 recommended by extend a number of ;.ates by which tempo­ the actual losses on account of the trans­ your committee for housing to be provided rary housing must be vacated and either ferred loans will not exceed about $8,000,000. in critical defense housing areas under title sold or removed. Section 6 of this bill would Accordingly, section 9, which is in effect a m of the 1951 act likewise represents the merely include the approaching December bookkeeping authorization, would direct the minimum amount which your committee 31, 1952, deadline in the authority now con­ Secretary of the Treasury to cancel the felt should be authorized at this time. This tained in section 611. sum represents a 75-percent cut below the Housing Administrator's note or notes to the About 35,000 housing units will be affected extent of such actual net losses on account amount requested. However, your commit­ in the following categories: of the transferred loans. tee felt that the extent of the need could be reexamined in the next Congress. 1. Veterans' reuse hous~ng not relin· Section 10. Extension of Federal housing The housing is provided only where it is quished or transferred to local bodies; laws to Guam: The Organic Act for Guam, 2. Temporary housing relinquished or clear that there is a vital defense need, and approved August 1, 1950, had the effect of only where the need is temporary or where transferred to local bodies subject to the changing the status of the island from that private ente-rprise, after being given ade­ removal requirements of section 313; and . of a possession of the United States under a quate opportunity to build, is unable to pro­ 3. Certain miscellaneous housing units naval governor to that of an unincorporated vide the housing even with the liberal Fed­ expressly excepted by section 604 from the territory with its own civilian government. eral aids provided by law for private de­ requirements of title VI of the Lanham Act Natives of Guam were made American citi· for vacating and removing temporary zens. However, many of the laws of the fense housing. The military activities to be housing. served by this program inClude air bases, United States applicable to the States and training camps, navy yards, arsenals, Section 7. Alaska housing authorization: other territories are not applicable to Guam. ordnance plants, ammunition depots, and The Alaska Housing Act (Public Law 52, 81st To study this subject the President last year ports of embarkation. The private defense Cong.) authorizes appropriations of $15,- appointed a Commission on the Applicability industries include shipyards, aircraft manu­ 000,000 to the Housing and Home Finance of the Federal Laws to Guam, which rendered Administrator for the purchase, on a re­ its report and recommendations on July 31, facturing plants, railroad port facilities, volving basis, of bonds of the Alaska Housing power production, copper and cobalt mines 1951 (H. Doc. No. 212). It recommended, and smelting facilities, and similar defense Authority to provide funds for housing con­ among other things, that the National Hous­ struction in the ·Territory. The Alaska ing Act af\d other Federal laws pertaining to activities. Housing Authority utilizes the funds in As your committee stated in its report, housing be mad~ applicable to Guam. Sec­ making loans to private residential builders tion 10 of this bill would carry out that on the legislation which originally author­ or, as a last resort, may undertake direct ized this program: recommendation. construction. Section 7 of the bill would Paragraph (a) of section 10 extends the "To expect all needed defense housing to increase the amount of the authorization in be provided without any recourse to the au­ provisions of the National Housing Act to the Alaska Housing Act to $20,000,000. Guam, thereby permitting the Federal Hous­ thorizations provided by title III would be Section 8. Waiver of FHA fees on conver­ completely unrealistic. Action under this ing Administration, the Federal Savings and sion of applications from section 608 to sec­ Loan Insurance Corporation, and the Federal title must be justified solely in terms of tion 207: Under title VI of the· National the defense program and as an integral part National Mortgage Association to extend Housing Act, the title which provided spe­ their programs to the territory. Paragraph of that program. Where so justified it seems cial mortgage insurance aids for World War obvious to your committee that such action (a) would also permit the Federal Housing II housing and veterans• housing, a rental Commissioner to increase the statutory must be taken." housing mortgage may be insured under sec­ Section 5. Use of existing federally owned mortgage limits for FHA mortgage insurance tion 608 of the act only pursuant to a com­ purposes by one-half in Guam in the same masonry housing to meet defense needs: mitment to insure issued by the FHA on This is a technical amendment to permit application filed on or before March 1, 1950. manner as such limits may now be increased the Housing and Home Finance Adminis­ Some cases have arisen where the holders of in Alaska. This provision is in recognition trator to transfer masonry temporary hous­ such validly issued commitments have, with of the high construction costs in Guam ing, built under the Lanham War Housing respect to the same project, made application caused by the necessity of importing almost Act or similar acts, to meet temporary de­ to convert the section 608 commitment to all construcpion materials and by the scar- fense needs under the Defense Housing and insurance under section 207 of the act, city of skilled construction labor. - Community Facilities and Services Act of which is the regular FHA rental housing Paragraph (b) would amend the Home 1951. Adequate authority in this regard mortgage insurance section. Technically, Owners' Loan Act of 1933, as amended, to exists with respect to such housing of frame such a conversion of insurance with respect permit Federal savings and loan associations construction. Section 5 of the bill would to the same project from section 608 to sec- to be organized and assisted in Guam. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 529'l Paragraph ( c) would permit the Federal chase of certain loans, remove the present poses of mortgage insurance under the pro­ Home Loan Bank System to operate in Guam. 15-percent-of-assets limitation on loans be­ visions of this act. Upon application by the The committee amendment to this paragraph yond a 50-mile area. The limitation would mortgagee, where the Alaska Housing Au­ is merely to perfect the language of the be removed only if the loans purchased are thority or the Government of Guam or any paragraph. secured by first liens on improved real estate agency or instrumentality thereof ts the Paragraph (d) would extend to Guam title and are insured under the provisions of the mortgagor or mortgagee, for the insurance of IV of the Defense Housing and Community National Housing Act, as amended, or in­ a mortgage und~r any provisions of this act, Facilities and Services Act of 1951 (sites for sured as provided in the Servicemen's Re­ the Commissioner is authorized to insure isolated defense i.nstallations). adjustment Act of 1944, as amended. Such the mortgage (including advances thereon Paragraph ( e) would extend to Guam the purchases, however, would remain subject to where otherwise authorized), and to make defense prefabricated loan provisions which all of the present limitations of subsec­ commitments for the insuring of any such were added to the Housing Act of 1948 by tion 5 (c) except the 50-mile area restric­ mortgages prior to the date of their execu­ the Defense Housing and Community Facil­ tion. tion or disbursement thereon, under such ities and Services Act of 1951. IV. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW IN COMPLIANCE provisions (and this section) without re­ Section 11. Farm housing: This section, WITH THE CORDON RULE gard to any requirement that the mortgagor as amended by your committee, would amend shall be the owner and occupant of the prop­ title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (Public In compliance with subsection (4) of rule XXIX of the standing rules of the Senate, erty or shall h:we paid a prescribed amount Law 17, Blst Cong.) to provide adequate au­ on account of such property. thority for continuing through fiscal year changes in existing law made by the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law • • 1954 the farm housing assistance authorized "General mortgage insurance authorization in that title. The bill as introduced would, proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black instead, have authorized indefinite future bracket, new matter is printed in italics, "[SEC. 217. Notwithstanding limitations borrowing authority and appropriations. existing law in which no change is proposed contained in any other section of this act Title V, which is administered by the is shown in roman) : on the aggregate amount of principal obli­ Farmers Home Administration of the De­ "NATIONAL HOUSING ACT, AS AMENDED gations of mortgages which may be insured partment of Agriculture, authorized the Sec­ under any title of this act, such aggregate amount shall, with respect to any title of retary of Agriculture to extend financial as­ "TITLE I. HOUSING RENOVATION AND this act (except title VI) be prescribed by sistance in the form of loans and grants to MODERNIZATION farm owners to enable them to construct, im­ the President, taking into consideration the prove or repair farm housing. Loans of up • • • needs of national defense and the -effect of to 33 years maturity which bear 4-percent "Sec. 9. The provisions of sections 2 and 8 additional mortga-ge insurance authoriza­ interest may be made to farmers having ade­ shall be applicable in the several States and tions upon conditions in the building indus­ quate farms who are nevertheless unable to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the District of try and upon the national economy: Pro­ obtain private credit on terms which they Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. vided, That the aggregate dollar amount of can reasonably fulfill. Similar loans, sup­ • • the mortgage insurance authorization pre­ plemented by modest contributions during a "TITLE ll. MORTGAGE INSURANCE scribed by the President with respect to title 5-year period are also authorized where the "Definitions IX of this act plus the aggregate dollar farmer is unable to undertake to repay the "SEC. 201. As used in section 203 of this amount of all increases in mortgage insur­ loan in full. This form of aid is authorized title- ance authorizations under other titles of only if the farm is potentially adequate-­ this act prescribed by the President pur­ that is capable of being improved to a point • • • • suant to authority contained in this section where it is self-sustaining-and if the nec­ "(d) The term 'State' includes the sev­ shall not exceed $1,500,000,000.] essary improvement program is actually un­ eral States, and Alaslgt, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, "Sec. 217. Notwithstanding limitations dertaken. Finally, the title authorizes mod­ the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Vir­ contained in any other section of this act est loans and grants to help farm families gin Islands. on the aggregate amount of principal ob­ on very poor farms to undertake minor im­ • • • ligations of mortgages or loans which may provements or minimum repairs to farm "Rental housing insurance be insured (or insured and outstanding at dwellings where necessary to remove hazards "SEC. 207. (a) As used in this section- any one time) and on thP, aggregate amount to the health or safety of the occupants. • • • of contingent liabilities which may be out­ The authority granted by the present law "(7) The term 'State' includes the sev­ standing at any one time under insurance to obtain loan funds from the Treasury eral States, and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, contracts, or commitments to insure, pur­ was limited to $25,000,000 on and after July the District of Columbia, Guam, and the suant to any section or title of this act, any 1, 1949, an additional $50,000,000 on and Virgin Islands. s11.eh aggregate amount shall, with respect to after July 1, 1950, an additional $75,000,000 • • • . . any section or title of this act (except sec­ on and after July 1, 1951, and an additional tion 2), be prescribed by the President from $100,000,000 on and after July l, 1952. The "SEC. 214. If the Federal Housing Commis­ time to time taking into consideration the sioner finds that, because of higher costs bill, as reported, would provide authoriza­ needs of national defense and the effect of or in tion for an additional $100,000,000 available prevailing in the Territory of Alaska additional insurance authorizations upon Guam, July 1, 1953. it is not feasible to construct dwell­ condittons in the building industry and upon or in Annual contribution commitments for ings on property located in Alaska the national economy: Provided, That the Guam housing on potentially adequate farms were without sacrifice of sound standards dollar amount of the insurance authoriza­ of construction, design, or livability, authorized to be entered into on and after tion prescribed by the President at any time or July 1, 1949, in sums aggregating not more within the limitations as to maximum with respect to any provision of title VI maxima than $500,000 per year-for 5 years-and mortgage amounts provided in this shall not be greater than authorized by pro­ act, the Commissioner may, by regulations additional commitments were authorized on visions of that title: And provided further, or otherwise, prescribe, with respect to and after July 1 of each of the years 1950, That, at any time, the aggregate dollar dollar amount, a higher maximum or maxima 1951, and 1952, respectively, which could amount of the mortgage insurance authoriza­ require additional contributions of up to for the principal obligation of mortgages in­ sured under this act covering property lo­ tion prescribed by the President with respect $1,000,000, $1,500,000, and $2,000,000 per to title IX of this act, plus the aggregate cated in Alaska or in Guam, in such amounts annum, respectively. ""he bill, as reported, dollar amount of all increases in insurance would provide a similar additional authori­ as he shall fin -i necessary to compensate for such higher costs but not to exceed, in any authorizations under other titles of this act zation of $2,000,000 per annum on and after prescribed by i- he President pursuant to au­ event, the maximum or maxima otherwise July 1, 1953. thority contained in this section, less the Appropriations were also authorized for applicable by more than one-half thereof. No mortgage with respect to a project or aggregate dollar amount of all decreases in the loans and grants for improvements and insurance authorizations under this act pre­ property in Alaska or in Guam shall be repairs. Appropriations of $2,000,000 were scribed by the President pursuant to author­ accepted for insurance under this act unless authorized on and after July 1, 1949, and ity contained in this section shall not ex­ further amounts of $5,000,000, $8,000,000, and the Commissioner finds that the project or property is an acceptable risk, giving con­ ceed $1,900,000,000: And provided further, $10,000.000 on July 1 of each of the years That $400,000,000 of said sum shall be rvail­ 1950, 1951, and 1952, respectively. The bill, sideration to the acute housing shortage in Alaska or in Guam: Provided, That any such able only for the insurance of mortgages for as reported, would provide an additional which no insurance contract or commitment authorization of $10,000,000 available July mortgage may be insured or accepted for in­ surance without regard to any requirement to insure under this act was outstanding on 1, 1953. June 30, 1952, and which mortgageJ (1) cover Section 12. Federal savings and loan asso­ in any other section of this act that the Commissioner find the project or property defense housing programed by the Housing ciations-Investments in FHA- and VA-aided and Home Finance Agency in an area deter­ mortgage loans beyond 50-mile area: This to be economically sound or an acceptable mined by the President or his designee to be section would add a provision to subsection risk. Notwithstanding any of the provisions a critical defense housing area, or (2) are ( c) of section 5 of the Home Owners' Loan of this act or any other law, the Alaska insured under title VIII of this act, or (3) Act of 1933, as amended. which concerns Housing Authority or the Government of cover housing intended to be made available the investment of funds of Federal savings Guam or any agency or instrumentality primarily for families who are mctims of a and loan associations. The provision added thereof shall be eligible as mortgagor or mort­ catastrophe which the President has deter­ by the bill woUld, for the purpose of pur- gagee, as the case may be, for any of the pur- mined to be a major disaster." 5298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 16

"Sec. 218. In any case where an application purchase only those eligible mortgages which the District of Columbia, Guam, and the for mortgage insurance under section 608 of are guaranteed or insured at the time of Virgin Islands. this act was received by the Federal Housing the contract: Provided, That this subpara­ • • • • • Commissioner on or before March 1, 1950, and graph shall not apply to (i) commitments "TITLE VII. INSURANCE FOR INVESTMENTS IN a commitment to insure was issued by said made pursuant to Public Law 243, Elghty­ RENTAL HOUSING FOR FAMILms OF MODERATE Commissioner in accordance therewith any second Congress, or (ii) commitments made INCOME mortgagee who, prior to the expiration of such by the association on or after September 1, commitment, applied for insurance of a mort­ 1951, [which do not exceed $252,000,000 out­ • • • gage under section 207 of this act with re­ standing at any one time, if applications for "SEC. 713. The following terms shall have spect to the same property or project shall such commitments were received by the as­ the meanings, respectively, ascribed to them receive credit for all application fees paid in sociation prior to December 28, 1951, or, in below, and, unless the context clearly indi­ connection with the prior application: Pro­ the case of title VIII mortgages, if the Fed­ cates otherwise, shall include the plural as vided, That nothing therein shall constitute eral Housing Commissioner issued his com­ well as the singular number: a waiver of any requirements otherwise ap­ mitment to insure prior to December 31, 1951, • plicable to the insurance of mortgages under but subsequent to December 27, 1951, and if "(q) 'State' shall include the several section 207 of this act. such commitments of the association re­ States and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the • • • late to] and prior to July 1, 1953, which do District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin "TITLE III. FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE not exceed $1,152,000,000 outstanding at any Islands. ASSOCIATION one time, if such commitments of the As­ • "Creation and powers of the Federal N-ational sociation relate to defense or disaster mort­ "TITLE VIII. MILITARY HOUSING INSURANCE Mortgage Association gages. As used in this title III, "defense or "SEC. 801. As used in this title- disaster mortgages" means mortgages ( 1) "SEC. 301. (a) The Commissioner is fur­ covering defense housing programed by ther authorized and empowered to provide the Housing and Home Finance Adminis­ "(f) The term 'State• includes the sev­ for the establishment of a Federal National trator in an area determined by the President eral States and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Mortgage Association (hereinafter referred or his designee to be a critical defense hous­ the District of Columbia, Guam, and the to as the 'Association') which shall be author­ ing area, or (2) with respect to which the Virgin Islands. ized, subject to such rules and regulations Federal Housing Commissioner has issued a "DEFENSE HOUSING AND COMMUNITY FACILI• as may be prescribed by the Association- commitment to insure pursuant of title VIII TIES AND SERVICES ACT OF 1951 " ( 1) to purchase, service, or sell any mort­ of this Act, as amended, or (3) covering gages, which are [insured after April 30, 1948, • • housing intended to be made available pri­ under title n, title VI, or title Vlll, section 8 "SEC. 302. of title I, or title I,X of this act, or guaranteed marily for fam111es who are victims of a • • • after April 30, 1948, under section 501, or sec­ catastrophe which the President has de­ termined to be a major disaster. "(b) Where it is necessary to provide hous­ tion 502, or section 505 (a) of the Service­ ing under this title in locations where, in men's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended: • the determination of the Administrator. Provided,_That no deposit or fee required or "(c) The association created under this there appears to be no need for such hous­ charged by the Association for the purchase section shall have succession from the date ing beyond the period during which it is of a mortgage hereunder shall exceed 1 per of its organization unless it is. dissolved by needed for housing persons engaged in na­ centum. of the original principal obligation order of the Commissioner as hereinafter tional defense activities, the provisions of of such mortgage:] insured under this act, provided, or by act of Congress, and shall section 102 hereof shall not be applicable as amended, or insured or guaranteed under have power- and temporary housing which is of a mo­ the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, • bile or portable character or which is other­ as amended: Provided, That no such mort­ "(4) to conduct its business in any State wise constructed so as to be available for gage, except defense or disaster mortgages as of the United States, or in the District of reuse at other locations or existing housing defined in subparagraph (G) hereof, shall be Columbia, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto built or acquired by the United States un­ purchased by the Association unless insured Rico, or the Virgin Islands, and to have one der authority of other law shall be provided. or guaranteed after February 29, 1952, or pur­ or more offices in such State, or in the Dis­ All housing constructed pursuant to the chased pursuant to a commitment made by trict of Columbia, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, or authority contained in this title which is the association: And provided further, Puerto Rico, one of which offices shall be of a temporary character, as determined by That- designated at the time of organization as the Administrator, shall be disposed of by • • its principal office; the Administrator not later than the date, "(E) no mortgage shall be offered to the and subject to the conditions and require­ • • ments, hereafter prescribed by the Congress: Association for purchase by any one m<>rt­ ·"SEC. 302. The total amount of invest­ gagee ( 1) unless such mortgage is secured by ments, loans, purchases, and commitments Provided, That nothing in this sentence shall property used, or designed to be used, for made by the association shall not exceed be construed as prohibiting the Administra­ (2) tor from removing any such housing by residential purposes and if the unpaid [$2,750,000,000] $3,650,000,000 outstanding at principal balance thereof, when added to demolition or otherwise prior to the enact­ any one time. The association is authorized ment of such legislation. the aggregate amount paid for all mortgages to issue and have outstanding at any one purchased by the Association from such time notes and other obligations in an ag­ mortgagee [pursuant to authority contained "SEC. 313. There are hereby authorized to herein, exceeds 50 per centum of the original gregate amount sufficient to enable it to car­ ry out its functions under this act or any be appropriated- principal amount of all mortgages made by "(a) such sums, not exceeding [$60,000,• such mortgagee] after February 29, 1952, other provision of law: Provided, That not 000] $100,000,000, as may be- necessary for pursuant to authority contained herein, ex­ more than $2,750,000,000 of such total carrying out the provisions and purposes of ceeds 50 per centum of the original principal amount outstanding at any one time shall this title relating to community facilities amount of all mortgage loans made by such relate to mortgages other than defense or and services in critical defense housing areas; mortgagee that are insured or guaranteed disaster mortgages as defined in section 301 and after February 29, 1952 which, except for this (a) (1) (G) . " ( b) such sums, not exceeding [$50,000,- subparagraph (E), meet the requirements of • • • 000] $100,000,000, as may be necessary for this section: [Provided, That this clause (2) carrying out the provisions and purposes of shall not apply to (nor shall any terms "Insurance of accounts and eligibility provisions this title relating to housing in critical de­ therein include) any mortgage which is (i) fense housing areas. guaranteed after October 25, 1949, under "SEC. 403. (a) It shall be the duty of the section 501, or guaranteed after the effective Corporation to insure the accounts of all "TITLE IV. PROVISION OF SITES FOR NECESSARY date of the Housing Act of 1950 under sec­ Federal savings and loan associations, and DEVELOPMENT IN CONNECTION WITH ISOLATED tion 502 of the Servicemen's Readjustment it may insure the accounts of building and DEFENSE INSTALLATIONS Act of 1944, as amended, and made for the loan, savings and loan, and homestead asso­ "SEC. 401. Subject to the provisions and construction or purchase of a family dwell­ ciations and cooperative banks organized limitations of title I hereof and subject to • ing or dwellings in an original principal and operated according to the laws of the the provisions and limitations of this title, amount or amounts which does not exceed State, District, [or Territory] Territory, or upon a finding by the President that in con­ $10,000 per dwelling unit, or (ii) insured possession in which they are chartered or nection with a defense installation (as de­ fined by him) developed or to be developed under section 803 of this Act:] Provided, That organized. this clause (2) shall not apply to (nor shall in an isolated or relatively isolated area (1) any terms therein include) any defense or • • • housing or community facilities needed for disaster mortgages as defined in subpara­ "TITLE VI. WAR HOUSING INSURANCE such installation would not otherwise be pro­ graph (G); and "SEC. 601. As used in this title- vided when and where required or (2) there • • would otherwise be speculation or uneco­ " ( G) The Association after the effective "(d) The term 'State' includes the sev- nomic use of land resources which would im­ date of this subparagraph may contract to ~ral States, and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, pair the efficiency of defense activities at 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE ·5299 such installation, the Housing and Home of making loans pursuant to any authority course of business of the institutions eli­ Finance Administrator (hereinafter referred conferred by the legislature of the Territory gible to and likely to subsc_ribe for tock of to as the 'Administrator') is authorized to of Alaska under subsection (a) of this sec­ a Federal home-loan bank to be formed make general plans for the development of tion, the Alaska Housing Authority may, on under this act, but no such district shall necessary l10using and community facilities and after the effective date of this Act, issue contain a fractional part of any State. The in connection with such defense installation; and have outstanding at any one time notes districts thus created may be readjusted to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or or other obligations for purchase by the and new districts may from time to time otherwise, the necessary improved or unim­ Housing and Home Finance Administrator in be created by the board, not to exceed 12 proved land or interests therein; to clear an amount not to exceed [$15,000,000] $20,- in all. Such districts shall be known as land; to install, construct, or reconstruct 000_, 000 and the Housing and Home Finance Federal home-loan bank districts and may streets, utilities, and other site improvements Administrator is hereby authorized to pur­ be designated by number. As soon as prac­ essential to the preparation of the land for chase such notes or other obligations to the ticable the board shall establish, in each dis­ use in accordance with said general plans; extent that funds are available therefor: trict, a Federal home-loan bank at such and to dispose of such land or interests Provided, That such notes and other obliga­ city as may be designated by the board. therein for use in accordance with such plans tions issued and outstanding for the purpose Its title shall include the name of the city and subject to such terms and conditions as of making character loans to individuals or at which it is established. he shall deem advisable and in the public cooperatives shall not exceed $1,000,000. "HOUSING ACT OF 1949, AS AMENDED interest. For the purposes of this title, the • • • Administrator may exercise the powers • • * * • granted to him in title III for the purposes "(d) There is hereby authorized to be "LOAN FUNDS thereof: Provided, That no funds ma.de appropriated to the Housing and Home Fi­ "SEC. 511. The Secretl\ry may issue notes available under this title shall be used for nance Administrator, out of any money in and other obligations for purchase by the the erection of dwellings or other buildings, the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not Secretary of the Treasury in such sums as and funds representing the fair value, as to exceed [$15,000,000] $20,000,000 for the the Congress may from time to time deter­ determined by the Administrator, of any purposes of tbis section. • • mine to make loans under this title (other property acquired under this title and used than loans under section 504 (b)) not in ex­ as sites for dwellings or other buildings or "HOME OwNEas• LOAN AcT oF 1933, AS cess of $25,000,000 on and after July 1, 1949, facilities under title m shall be transferred AMENDED an additional $50,000,000 on and after July from funds appropriated thereunder and 1, 1950, an additional $75,000,000 on and made available for purposes of this title IV: • ~ter July 1. 1951, [and] an additional $100,- And provided further, That the provisions of "FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS 000,000 on and after July 1, 1952, and an setction 310 shall be applicable to site de­ "SEC. 5. * • additional $100,000,000 on and after July 1, velopment work under this title. This title • 1953. The notes and obligations issued by • shall be applicable in the several States, the " ( c) Such associations shall lend their the Secretary shall be secured by the obli­ District of Columbia, and the Territories and funds only on the security of their shares gations of bqrrowers and the Secretary's possessions of the United States. or on the security of first liens upon homes commitments to make contributions under • • • or combination of homes and business prop­ this title and shall be repaid from the pay­ "HOUSING ACT OF 1948, AS AMENDED erty within 50 miles of their home omce: ment of principal and interest on the obli­ Provided, That not more than $20,000 shall gations of the borrowers and from funds ap­ "Sre. 102b. In the performance of, and propriated hereunder. The notes and other with respect to, the functions. power,s, and be loaned on the security of a first lien upon any one such property; except that not ex­ obligations issued by the Secretary shall be duties vested in him by Reorganization Plan in such forms and denominations, shall have 23 of 1950 and by section 102a hereof, the ceeding 15 percent of the assets of such association may be loaned on other im­ such maturities, and shall be subject to such Housing and Home Finance Administrator terms and conditions as may be prescribed shall, in addition to any powers, functions, proved real estate without regard to said $20,000 limitation, and witfi.out regard to by the Secretary with the approval of the privileges, and immunitie.s otherwise vested Secretary of the Treasury. Such notes or in him- said 50-mile limit, out secured by first lien thereon: Provided further, That any por­ obligations shall bear interest at a rate de-: .. ( 1) have the powers, functions, privileges, termined by the Secretary of the Treasury, ·and immunities transferred to him by said tion of the assets· of such associations may be invested in obligations of the United taking into consideration the current aver­ reorganization plan and the same powers, age rate on outstanding marketable obliga­ functions and duties as set forth in section States or the stock or bonds of a Federal home-loan bank: And provided further, tions of the United States as of the last day 402 of the Housing Act of 1950, except sub­ of the month preceding the issuance of the section (c) (2) thereof, with respect .to That any such association which is con­ verted from a State-chartered institution notes or obligations by the Secretary. The loans authorized by title IV of said act;. Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and "(2) take any and all actions determined may continue to make loans in the territory in which it made loans while operating un­ directed to purchase any notes and other by him to be necessary or desirable in mak­ obligations of the Secretary issued hereunder ing, servicing, compromising, modifying, liq­ der State charter. In addition to the loans and investments otherwise authorized, such and for such purpose is authorized to use as uidating, or otherwise dealing with or re­ a public-debt transaction the proceeds from alizing on loans thereunder. associations may purchase, subject to all the provisions of this paragraph, except the area the sale of any securities issued under the Such powers, functions, and duties may be restriction, loans secured by first Ziens on Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, and exercised in the several States, the District improved real estate which are insured un­ the purposes for which securities may be of Columbia, and the Territories and posses­ der the provisions of the National Housing issued under such act are extended to in­ sions of the United States. Act, as amended, or insured as provided in clude any purchases of such obligations. "AN ACT To EXPEDITE THE PROVISION OF HOUS­ the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. The Secretary of the Treasury may at any ING IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL DE­ as amended. time sell any of the notes or obligations ac­ FENSE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES (THE LAN­ • • quired by him under this section. All re­ HAM ACT) "SEC. 7. The prov1s1ons of this act shall demptions, purchases, and sales by the Sec­ • • • • apply to the continental United States, to the retary of the Treasury of such notes or obli­ "SEC. 611. Notwithstanding any other pro­ Territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and to gations shall be treated as public-debt trans­ vision of law, .the President is authorized to Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. actions of the United States. extend, for such period or periods as he shall • • ''CONTRIBUTIONS specify, the time within which any action is "SEC. 512. In connection with loans made required or permitted to be taken by the "THE FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACT, AS AMENDED pursuant to section 503, the Secretary is au­ Administrator or others under the provisions thorized, on and after July 1, 1949, to make of this title or section 313 of this Act (or "DEFINITJ:ONS commitments for contributions aggregating any contract entered into pursuant [to this "SEC. 2. As used in this act- not to exceed $500,000 per annum and to title] thereto). upon a determination by "(3) The term 'State' includes the Dis­ make additional commitments, on and after him, after considering the needs of national trict of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the July 1 of each of the years 1950, 1951, [and] defense and the effect of such extension upon Virgin Islands of the United States, and the 1952, and 1953, respectively, which shall re­ the general liousing situation and the na­ Territories of Alaska and Hawaii. quire additional contributions aggregating tional economy, that such extension is in the • not more than $1,000,000, $1,500,000, $2,000,- public interest. "FEDERAL HOME-LOAN BANKS 000, and $2,000,000 per annum, respectively. • "SEC. 3. As soon as practicable the board "SEC. 513. There is hereby authorized to be "ALASKA HOUSING ACT shall divide the continental United States, appropriated to the Secretary (a) such sums • Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and as may be necessary to meet payments on "SEC. 3. the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii into notes or other obligations issued by the Sec­ • not less than 8 nor more than 12 districts. retary under section 511 equal to (i) the ag­ "(b) To obtain funds for the purpose of Such districts shall be apportioned with due gregate of the contributions made by the Sec­ undertaking and administering projects or regard to the co'nvenience and customary retary tn the form of credits on principal due 5300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 16 on loans m ade pursuant to section 503, and HOUSE BILLS REFERRED OR PLACED Address entitled "Crime in This Nation," (ii) the int erest due on a similar sum repre­ ON CALENDAR delivered by J. Pope Dyer, head of the social sented y notes or other obligations issued science department, Central ·High School, by the Secretary; (b) an additional $2,000,- The following bill were each read Chattanooga, Tenn., to the student body of 000 for grants pursuant to section 504 (a) twice by their titles, and referred, or Carson-Newman College, Jefferson City, and loans pursuant to section 504 ( b) on and ordered to be placed on the calendar, Tenn., on February 8, 1952. after July 1, 1949, which amount shall be as indicated: By Mr. JOHNSON of Texas: increaseUnited States Senate, he has continued for which previously appro­ a supposed, but false, analogy between it earned the respect and admiration of all priated funds are not adequate. But and certain confidential communication who have been privileged to be asso­ the end result of both is the same­ privileges, notably those pertaining to the ciated with him. I take this opportunity more spending of public funds. All the attorney-client, physician-patient, and cler­ to congratulate him and the people of bills I have mentioned bring the total gyman-penitent relationships. There are Minnesota upon his unusual record of expenditures authorized for the fiscal also other serious objections to legal recog­ accomplishment in their behalf. 1952 budget to approximately $86,- nition of the privilege. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ 613,000,000. Several historic congressional precedents sent to have printed in the body of the But these budget expenditures by no involving newspapermen who claimed this RECORD, following these remarks, the text means cover all of the spending because privilege are reviewed. of a statement I have prepared in ob­ there is an additional $10,000,000,000 JUDICIAL DECISIONS servance of Norway's Constitution Day. made available for fiscal 1952 by perma­ The unanimous answer of the courts that There being no objection, the state­ nent authorizations which are not shown have had o __ _sion to consider the question ment was ordered to be printed in the of whether there is a legal privilege on the in the annual budget. part of newspapermen to decline to reveal RECORD, as follows: It is now estimated that at a period their confidential sources of information to STATEMENT BY SENATOR IVES of the highest tax collections in our his­ othcial bodies (courts, legislative commit­ May 17, 1952, marks the one hundred and tory the Treasury will have a deficiency tees, etc.) is that, ~n the absence of a statute thirty-eighth anniversary of Norway's Con­ of $5,700,000,000 on the thirtieth of next creating such a privilege, none exists. stitution Day. Since 1814, when the con­ month and the presently anticipated (United States v. Shriver and Edwards (Sup. stitution of Norway was adopted, the liberty deficit for June 1953 is $11,700,000,000, Ct. D. C., 1895) , reported at pp. 855-856 of and independence of the Norwegian people making full allowance for all cuts made Smith, Digest of Decisions and Precedents have been safeguarded by this historic and of the Senate and House of Representatives mustrious document. by the House in pending appropriation of the United States Relating to their Pow­ The devotion to freedom which is felt so bills, if they are sustained by the Senate. ers and Privileges (S. Misc. Doc. No. 278, strongly by Norwegians everywhere stems And yet there are those who say the 53d Cong., 2d sess.); Ex parte Lawrence (116 from their Viking heritage. Their resistance threat of inflation is past and that we no Cal. 298, 48 Pac. 124 (1897)); Plunkett v. to the encroachments of imperialist domill'a­ longer need price and wage controls and Hamilton (136 Ga. 72, 81-84, "70 S. E. 781 tion throughout their history has been an a program of the most rigid economy if '1911) ); In re Grunow (84 N. J. L. 235, 85 inspiration to liberty-loving people every­ the financial solvency of our Nation is Atl. 1011 (1913)); In the mat ter of Wayne where. (4 U. S., D. C. Hawali 475 (1914)); Ex parte Americans of Norwegian descent have con­ to be preserved. Holliway (272 Mo. 108, 115, 199 S. W. 412 tributed immeasurably to the welfare and (1917)). See also the following decisions to betterment of their adopted land. Marked the same general effect, but involving slightly by a·strong devotion to American ideals, their PRIVILEGE OF NEWSPAPER RE­ different facts: People ex rel. Phelps v. achievements have been truly magnificent. PORTER REGARDING CONFIDEN­ Fancher (2 Hun. (N. Y. Sup. Ct.) 226, 230 The bonds of friendship between the peo­ TIAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION (1874)) (refusal by editor to identify au­ ple of Norway a.nd the people of ·our own thor of article published in his newspaper); country are solid and enduring. Both na­ Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, the Pledger v. State (77 Ga. 242, 248, 3 S. E. 320 tions, founded on a common ideology of free question has been raised in a subcom­ (1887)) (same; dictum); Joslyn v. People government, have sustained their faith in mittee of the Committee on Rules and (67 Colo. 297, 184 Pac. 375 (1919)) (refusal free institutions and in the dignity of the Administration relative to the widely by editor to state whether or not he wrote individual. held opinion that there is a confidential the article in question); People ex rel. Upon tomorrow's auspicious occasion, I fe­ Mooney v. Sheriff of New York County (269 relationship between the source of the N. Y. 291, 199 N. E. 415 (1936)) (refusal by licitate my fellow Americans of Norwegian news and the reporter who gathers the extraction as they celebrate Norway's Con­ reporter to state names and addresses of per­ stitution Day and I join with them in a re­ news. In that connection the staff of sons alleged in series of articles written by affirmation of our traditional friendship for the Subcommittee on Privileges and him to be still engaged in gambling not­ the gallant people of Norway. Elections of the Committee on Rules and withstanding grand-jury investigation of Administration has prepared a very gambling violations, on the ground that "the elaborate brief in connection with this sources of his information, obtained as a ECONOMY AND SOLVENCY newspaper reporter, was confidential and legal situation. I ask unanimous con­ privileged"; a leading case on general sub­ Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I sent to have the brief printed in the body ject of the "reporter's privilege").) ask unanimous consent to speak for not of the RECORD for .the information of the The decided cases reveal that there have to exceed 2 minutes on a budget issue Senate. been two principal types of situation that collateral to the one just referred to by There being no objectionJ the brief have led to official interrogation of the re­ the distinguished Senator from New was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, porter as to the source of his published in­ as follows: formation (followed in each instance by the Jersey. reporter's refusal to divulge his source, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is PRINCIPLES AND PRECEDENTS GOVERNING THE judicial rejection, in contempt proceedings, there objection? The Chair hears none, SO-CALLED PRIVILEGE OF A NEWSPAPER RE­ of the claim of privilege). and the Senator from Virginia may pro­ PORTER To DECLINE To DISCLOSE HIS CON• In the one type of situation, a reporter ceed. FIDENTIAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION publishes an article which makes certain Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, it This memorandum reviews the principles charges, usually of official corruption of orie was October of last year before we fin­ and precedents bearing on the question of sort or other; and official inquiry is then whether a newspaper reporter enjoys a legal undertaken to determine where there is any ished acting on the budget appropria­ privilege to decline to divulge to a court, truth to the charges; the reporter is asked tions for fiscal 1952. The total of the grand jury, legislative committee, or other to name his source of information 1n order regular appropriation bills and two sup­ duly constituted body, after formal demand, that the first-hand maker of the charges plemental appropriation bills for that the identity of a confidential informant who may be questioned; the reporter declines to 5302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 18 name his source on the ground that he The first State 'to enact such a law was RECORD 2614), but this bill likewise died in received his information in confidence, there­ Maryland, in 1896. The Maryland statute committee, without hearings or a report. by effectively blocking further pursuit of the provided (and still provides) as follows More recently, on May 15, 1951, Representa­ inquiry. The following decisions arose from (Stats. 1896, ch. 249; Ann. Code, 1939, art. 35, tive HELLER, of New York, introduced a bill, the latter type of situation: United States sec. 2): H. R. 4100, designed to create a limited privi­ v. Shriver and Edwards, supra (charges of "No person engaged in, connected with, or lege for newspapermen and news gathering corrupt motivation on the part of unnamed employed on a newspaper or journal shall be employees of radio and television stations. United States Senators in respect of pending compelled to disclose in any legal proceed­ It provides: iegislation; see under Congressional Prece­ ing or trial, or before any committee of the "A witness who is employed by a news­ dents, infra, for a fuller account of this case); legislature or elsewhere, the source of any paper, news service, newspaper syndicate, Ex parte Lawrence, supra (charge that un­ news or information procured or obtained by periodical, or radio or television station or named California State senators took bribes him for or published in the newspaper on network, as a writer, reporter, correspondent, for aiding pa-ssage of a bill); Plunkett v. and in which he ls engaged, connected with, or commentator, or in any other capacity Hamilton, supra (semble; opinion not clear; or employed." directly involved in the gathering or presen­ published article contained information Wigmore, the distinguished commentator tation of news, shall not be required in any about a certain murder, supplied by un­ on the laws of evidence, and one of the most court of the United States to disclose the named police officer); In re Grunow, supra outspoken opponents of legal recognition o.f source of any information obtained in such (charge that, according to unnamed mem­ the so-called newspaperman's privilege, re­ capacity, unless in the opinion of the court ber of board of village trustees, a named ferred to the Maryland statute as being "as such disclosure is necessary in the interests contractor sought to get paid twice by the detestable in substance as it is crude in of national security or to avoid the conceal­ village for the same work); People ex rel. form" and predicted that it would "probably ment of a crime." Phelps v. Fancher, supra (grand jury inquiry remain unique" ( 5 Evidence ( 2d ed. 1923), It is to be noted that the privilege as de­ into allegedly libelous article) ; Joslyn v. sec. 2286, No. 7). fined in the Heller bill ls limited to testimony People, supra (charge that grand jurors were For nearly 40 years the Maryland statute in "any court of the United States," and may motivated solely by political considerations did remain unique, but in 1933 a second be availed of only if, in the opinion o{ the in their investigation into a certain matter); State, New Jersey, enacted an almost identi­ court, disclosure of the news source is not People ex rel. Mooney v. Sheriff of New York cally worded statute (L. 1933 ch. 167, sec. 2, necessary in the interests of national secu­ County, supra (charge that gambling was p. 349; N. J. S. A., 2: 97-11). This was rity or to avoid the concealment of a crime. still going on despite clean-up campaign). followed in fairly rapid succession by more The bill does not propose to grant newsmen a In the other type of situation, a reporter or less similarly worded statutes in Cali­ privilege to refuse to disclose confidential publishes leaked information, and the pur­ fornia (Stats. 1935, ch. 532, p. 1609, amending news sources to congressional committees. pose of the inquiry i:. to discover the source Code of Civ. Proc., sec.1881); Alabama (Stats. The bill is presently pending before a sub­ of the le?,k. The following decisions arose 1935, No. 253, p. 649; Code 1940, title 7, sec. committee of the House Judiciary Commit­ from the latter type of situation: In the 370); Kentucky (Stats. 1936, ch. 29, p. 73; Rev. tee (see Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL Matter of Wayne, supra (grand jury dis­ Stats. 1948, sec. 421.100); Pennsylvania RECORD, p. A2528). covered th?.t its report on a certain matter (Stats. 1937, No. 423, sec. 1, p. 2123; Purdon's CRITICISM OF SUCH LEGISLATION pending before them had been leaked to Stats. Ann., title 28, sec. 330); Arizona (L. Legislation creating a newspaperman's the press in advance of its being regularly 1937, ch. 25; Ann. Code 1939, sec. 23-103, subd. privilege has, of course, the hearty support reported to the court; city editor, called upon 7); Indiana (L. 1941, ch. 44, p. 128; Burns' and sponsorship of journalists everywhere, to name his informant, at first refused, Stats. Ann. sec. 2-1733); Ohio (L. 1941, p. since it gives legal sanction and recognition but later purged himself of his contempt 286; Page's Gen. Code Ann., sec. 6319-2a); to that canon of their code of ethics which by naming him); Ex parte Holliway, supra and Montana (Stats. 1943, ch. 195, sec. 2, p. enjoins that newspapermen shall refuse to (a reporter published scoop that indict­ 368; Rev. Codes 1947, sec. 93-601-2) .1 reveal confidences or disclose sources of con­ ments had been returned against a certain On the other hand, attempts to have fidential information in court or before other person for grand larceny and embezzlement, newspaperman's privilege statutes enacted judicial or investigating bodies (code of before the grand jury had made public the in the following 15 States have met with fail­ e~hics adopted by the American Newspaper results of any of its investigations; reporter ure: Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Mas­ Guild, canon 5, quoted in Seldes, Freedom who wrote the article refused to tell grand sachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, of the Press, p. 370). Their argument in jury who had leaked the information to him) . North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, favor of such legislation is that it encourages In the Wayne case, the court said: Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin the keeping open of news channels, and thus "In the opinion of the court, the position (Jones, Law of Journalism (1940), p. 375). is in the public interest. Oftentimes, it is of the witness [that he had a legal privilege In Illinois a bill creating a newspaperman's pointed out, scandals and corruption, which to decline to identify the confidential in­ it is in the public interest to expose and root formant who 'leaked' the report to him] is privilege was passed by the legislature in 1935, but it was vetoed by Governor Horner, out, can be brought to light only through the untenable. Though there ls a canon of who in his veto message described the pro­ device of the confidential tip to a newspaper journalistic ethics forbidding the disclosure reporter.. Since the tipster ordinarily in­ of a newspaper's source of information-a posed law as one that "would work a great injury to the administration of justice. It sists upon maintenance of his anonymity as canon worthy of respect and undoubtedly part of his bargain with the reporter, the well-founded-it is .subject to a qualifica­ disregards sound legal principles, has no basis in justice, and might lead to great arugment runs, it is necessary for the law to tion: It must yield when in conflict with the respect the tipster's desire for anonymity interests of justice; the private interests in­ abuses" (Editor and Publisher, July 20, 1935, p. 18). and the reporter's gentleman's agreement to volved must yield to the interests of the pub­ keep the tipster's identity secret, else the lic" (4 U. S. D. C. Hawaii at 476). The New York Court of Appeals, in People ex rel. Mooney v. Sheriff of New York County, sources of such tips will tend to dry up. See Siebert and Ryniker, Press Winning Fight • supra (269 N. Y. at 295). ~dverted to the fact (After reviewing the authorities:) that repeated attempts to get a newspaper­ to Guard Sources, Editor and Publisher, "In consideration of the above authorities, man's privilege law on the statute books of September 1, 1934, page 9. Thus, the whole contrary to which no authorities have been that State had been uniformly defeated. argument for a newspaperman's privilege found, the witness here must answer the pro­ There is no Federal statute creating a rests on the premise that it is in the public posed question or stand committed for con­ .. newspaperman's privilege." Several at­ interest to . give newspaper publicity to the tempt of court" (p. 478). tempts have been made to procure such legis­ matter in respect of which the reporter's con­ In the Holliway case, the court used the lation, but all have failed. In 1929, bills de­ fidential informant desires to maintain his following forceful language (272 Mo. at 115): signed to create.such a privilege (H. R. 5281 anonymity. In any situation where this "The cold commercial desire to print facts and S. 2175, 71st Cong ... 1st sess.) were in­ premise does not apply, the argument fails. in advance of the time when public policy, troduced in the House by Representative The statutory creation in some States of or the public welfare permits the same to be LaGuardia of New York (71 CONGRESSIONAL a newspaperman's privilege has been widely made public, may be good business, but it is RECORD 5739) and in the Senate by Senator deplored by eminent authorities as illogical poor patriotism, and worse citizenship. Capper, of Kansas (71 CONGRESSIONAL REC­ in principle and unwholesome in result. .. The law does not tolerate the quixotic but ORD 5832), but both died in committee, with­ Several such criticisms are set forth below: strabismussed idea of refusing on so-called out hearings or reports. In 1936, Senator Wigmore: As previously mentioned, Wig­ principle to violate the confidence of a law­ Capper renewed his effort to procure such more, in the second edition of his work on breaker. Such a principle the law refuses legislation by introducing S. 4076 in the Evidence, published in 1923, referred to the to recognize for reasons of public policy, Seventy-fourth Congress (80 CONGRESSIONAL Maryland statute creating a newspaperman's morals, and welfare, which will instantly privilege-the only statute on the subject occur to the law-abiding citizen." then in existence-as detestable in substance 1 The Alabama and Indiana statutes were and crude in form. In the third edition of LEGISLATION amended in 1949 so as to extend the privilege his treatise, published in 1940, after several Ten States have passed statutes conferring of nondisclosure of sources of news, previ­ additional States had adopted similar legis­ on newspapermen the legal privilege of re­ ously limited to newspaper employees, to lation, he described the statutes as legislative fusing to disclose the source of any informa­ news-gathering employees of radio and tele­ novelties, crude in forMulation and excessive tion obtained by them and published in their vision stations (Alabama: Stats. 1949, No. 376, in scope, enacted at the instance of news­ newspapers. p. 548; Indiana: L. 1949, ch. 201, sec. 1, p. 673). papermen for the protection of their own 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5303 particular interests, without prior public dis­ informant, who .furnishes information to a Is the very ,thing that is sought to b_e kept cussion of the policies involved (8 Wigmore reporter for the express purpose of having secret. Evidence (3d ed., 1940), sec. 2286). 1t published, should have no such immunity Further objections: In addition to the ab­ American Bar Association: In 1938, the as these bills propose." sence of any true analogy to any of the tra­ committee on improvements in the law of The analogy between the newspaperman~s ditional types of confidential communication evidence of the American Bar Association privilege and privileged communications privilege, the following objections to recog..: issued the following report (quoted in 8 Wig­ is false. As both the American Bar Asso­ nitlon of a newspaperman's privilege may be more, op. cit. su.pra, sec. 2286, and in Jones, ciation and the Association of the Bar of the noted: Law of Journalism (1940), pp. 376--377): City of New York point out, supra (but do As previously pointed out, there are two "Novel privileges: Of recent years there not fully explain), the legal recognition principal types of situation in which the have appeared on the statute books of sel(­ which some States have by statute accorded newspaperman's privilege is sought to be eral legislatures certain novel privileges of to the newspaperman's privilege has been raised: ( 1) Where charges are published of secrecy. Their history has not been traced; due in large measure to the invocation of a. sufficient seriousness to warrant official in­ ·but they bear the mark of having been en- false analogy to the so-called confidential vestigation and purporting to emanate from acted at the instances of certain occupa­ conimunic_ation privilege traditionally en­ some unidentified confidential informant; tional organizations of seminational scope. joyed by certain professional groups. The and (2) where a confidential report or docu­ The demand for these privileges seems to confidentfal communication privilege is the ment or other kind of secret information is have been, due, in part to a pride in their privilege--granted in some instances by leaked to the press. organization and a desire to give it some the common law, in others by widely adopted In the former type of situation, the news­ mark of professional status, and in part to statutes--of members of ·certain professional paperman's refusal to divulge the identity the invocation of a false analogy to the long­ groups, notably attorneys, physicians, and of his informant tends to thwart effective established privileges for certain profes­ clergymen, not to be compelled to disclose inquiry into the truth or falsity of the sional communications. certain communications made to them in charges. The investigating authorities are "The analogies are not convicing (though confidence.2 More precisely, but without at­ unable to question the maker of the charges, this is not the place for a demonstration). tempting to set forth fully the various lim­ not knowing who he is. To all intents and Moreover, the tendency is an unwholesome itations upon the privilege, the attorney­ purposes, so far as the investigating authori­ one. Yet it threatens to spread not only to client privilege means that an attorney is ties are concerned, the charges might just as other legislatures but to other occupations. privileged to refuse to divulge what a client well have been made in an anonymous letter. The correct tendency would rather be to cut has told him in the confidence of their pro­ In the second type of situation referred to, down the scope of the existing privileges, in­ fessional relationship, and, similarly, the the effort is to discover the identity of the stead of to create any new ones. client cannot be compelled to reveal what "leaker," a wrongdoer. Here, the basic prem­ "We recommend that the legislatures re­ he told the attorney. The physician-patient ise underlying the .argument for a "news­ fuse to create any new privileges for secrecy privilege means that a physician is privileged paperman's privilege" (see supra)-that it is of communications in any occupation; and to refuse to divulge a communication a pa­ in the public interest to publish the matter particularly we recommend against any tient has made to him in the confidence of in question-does not hold true. As noted further recognition of their professional relationship, and, sim­ by New York City Bar Association, supra, "(A) Privilege for information obtained by ilarly, the patient need not disclose any­ while it is the newspaperman who claims accountants; thing he told the physician in confidence. the privilege, it is in reality the informant "(B) Privilege for information obtained by The same principle applies to communica­ who is protected by the honoring of the social workers; · tions made by a penitent to his clergyman­ claim of privilege. And the informant, pre­ "(C) Privilege for information obtained by confessor. The reason for the privilege in cisely because be is a wrongdoer, should not Journalists." each instance is that it is the policy of the in good conscience be entitled to such pro­ Association of the Bar of the City of New law to foster the professional relationship tection. The law should not, in other words, York: In 1930, the committee on State leg­ in question, including the making of con­ countenance the prDposal that one who has islation of the Association of the Bar of the fidential communications by the client, pa­ broken a confidence (by "leaking" a confi­ City of New York issued a report recom­ tient, or penitent, as the' case may be, and dential report to the press) should be legally mending against the enactment of several in the absence of legal recognition of a privi­ be entitled to immunity from discovery as bills which had ·been 1ntroduceD. in the New lege to refuse to disclose the nature of the such. Or, to paraphrase the language of the York Legislature designed to establish a communication, such communications would Supreme Court of Missouri in the Holliway ''newspaperman's privilege" to refuse to di­ be made with greater reluctance than the case, supra, the law should not tolerate the vulge confidential news sources. The re­ law deems desirable. In each instance, too, "quixotic but strabismussed idea of refusing port reads in part as follows (quoted in 8 the privilege belongs essentially to the maker on so-called principle" to violate the confi­ Wlgmore, op. clt. supra, sec. 2286) : of the communication-client, patient, or dence of a confidence-breaker. "The proposal presents a startling innova­ penitent, as the.case may be--who may waive CONGRESSIONAL PRECEDENTS tion in the law of evidence. The general it, either expressly or by implication. When policy of the law of evidence is to compel waived by the maker of the communication, Elisha J. Edwards and John S. Shriver: the disclosure of information as an aid to no privilege can be claimed by the recipient. In May 1894, while the Wilson-Gorman tariff the ascertainment of truth. Privileged com­ See, generally, 8 Wigmore, op. cit., supra, bill was pending before the Senate (follow­ munications are an exception to the general sections 2286, 2321 et .seq. ing passage by the House), the New York rule. • • • Four fundamental conditions The foregoing considerations make it clear Sun published an article charging that [are recognized] as necessary to the estab­ why there is no true analogy between any of bribes had been offered to certain Senators lishment of a privilege against the disclosure the confidential communication priviliges to induce them to vote against the bill of communications. These are as follows: and the so-called newspaperman's privilege. (Smith, Digest of Decisions and Precedents "l. The communication must originate in In a confidential communication privilege it of the Senate and House of Representatives a confidence that it will not be disclosed. is the communication itself which is privi­ of the United States Relating to Their "2. This element of confidentiality must be leged from disclosure and thus may legally Powers and Privileges (S. Misc. Doc. No. 278, essential to the full and satisfactory main­ be kept secret; there is never any secrecy 53d Cong., 2d sess.), pp. 583, 798-800). At tenance of the relationship between the about the identity of the communicator. As about the same time, a second newspaper, parties. regards the newspaperman's privilege, on the the Philadelphia Press, published an article "3. The relation must be one which, in the contrary, the situation is precisely the re­ charging that "the sugar schedule has been opinion of the community, ought to be fos­ verse. It is the identity of the communi­ made up as it now stands in the proposed tered. cator which is· sought to be kept secret; the [Senate] amendment [to the tariff bill) in "4. The injury that would inure to the communication itself, far from being in­ consideration of large sums of money paid relation by the disclosure of the communi­ tended to be kept secret, is expressly in­ for campaign purposes of the Democratic cation must be greater than the benefit tended, both by the communicator and the Party" (id., pp. 583, 800) . gained frcam compelling disclosure. recipient of the communication, to be given On May 16, 1894, a special committee of "The proposed new class of privileged com­ publicity. Moreover, the notion of waiver of five Senators was appointed to conduct an m1Jnications does not meet any of the four the privilege by the communicator, resulting investigation as to the truth or falsity of fundamental conditions. Moreover, the bills in the loss of privilege. by the recipient of these newspaper charges (id., p. 583). do not prevent the disclosure of the commu­ the communication-a key feature, as noted On May 19, 1894, a third newspaper, the nication, which is the purpose of the present above, of the true confidential communi­ New York Mail and Express, published a de­ statutes, but merely prevent the disclosure cation privilege--is meaningless in the case tailed news story to the effect that certain of the source of the information. Their ef­ of the newspaperman's privilege, for waiver unnamed Democratic Senators had been fect, as ·a matter of fact, is directly contrary means waiver by a known communicator of overheard conversing in a hotel room with to the effect of the present statutes in that his privilege of keeping the communication certain sugar trust magnates, as a result they encourage the disclosure of the infor­ secret. In the case of the newspaperman's of which the person who overheard the con­ mation instead of preventing it. They open privilege, the identity of the communicator versation, also unidentified in the news story, the way to reckless publication and abuse, "knew the Wilson bill :would never pass" (id., and, while on their face they seem to protect 2 A similar principle applies to confiden­ p. 842). the editor and reporter, in reality, they pro­ tial communications made by either spouse Thereafter, the author of the Philadelphia tect the informant. It seems to us that the to the other. Press article, Elisha J. Edwarus, and the 5304 CONGRESSION,AL RECORD- SENATE May 16 author of the New York Mail and Express been prematurely filed, the Court's opinion how much, if any, law practice a legislator news story, John S. Shriver, were summoned not touching the issue presently under con­ should be permitted to indulge in before before the special Senate committee and sideration (id., pp. 862-864; see In re Shriver. Federal agencies. Mr. Quinn, who is now were asked to state who had supplied them Peti tioner (156 U. S. 218)). district attorney of Queens County, testified with the information they had published in Thereafter, both Edwards and Shriver en­ recently before a House Ways and Means their respective newspapers (id., pp. 842, tered pleas of not guilty to the indictment. Subcommittee that while a Member of Con­ 844-845). On June 18, 1897, following trials by jury, gress he had accepted fees for representing Sh1iver answered that his informant was both were acquitted. clients involved in tax-fraud litigation with a "Member of the House," but refused to Paul Mallon: On May 17, 1929, the Senate, the Bureau of Internal Revenue. He claims identify him further {id., p. 842). Edwards sitting in executive session, confirmed the to have been operating within the law be­ declined to identify his informant in any nomination of former Senat or Irvine Len­ cause only criminal cases were involved. Ac­ way whatever {id., p. 845). root as Judge of the United States Court cording to his testimony, he did not partici­ On May 29, 1894, the special committee of Custom Appeals. A few days thereafter pate in the proceeds from strictly civil cases unanimously reported to the Senate the re­ Paul Mallon, a United Press reporter, pub­ before Federal agencies. fusals of Edwards and Shriver to identify lished what he claimed to be the secret roll The subcommittee questioned the witness their informants, and requested that the call of the Senate on the confirmation. On closely but made no direct criticism of his President of the Senate certify the facts to May 27, 1929, he was summoned before the action. Rather, Chairman KING closed the the United States attorney for the District Senate Rules Committee and asked to dis­ meeting with the intriguing remark that of Columbia for appropriate action (id., p. close the sources of his information. He "literally thousands" must have accepted 584). refused to disclose his source. No further legal fees in "technical" violation of the The report was read in the Senate and action was taken. (Subsequently, the Sen­ United States Criminal Code. If that is so, questions of order were discussed, after ate amended its rules so as to provide that the code should be revised to prevent "tech­ which the President of the Senate ruled that all its sessions should be public unless a nical" violations. the report was privileged, and was "not such m ajority voted for an execut ive session.) Is there an ethical or legal reason why a a report as calls for any action on the part (New York Times, May 22-June 19, 1929.) Congressman may not represent a client for of the Senate." . From that decision an ap­ Albert Deutsch: Early in 1945 Albert p ay before a Federal agency in a civil case peal was taken, which appeal, after debate, Deutsch, a reporter for the newspaper PM, but may in a criminal case? Mr. Quinn said was, on motion, laid on the table (id., p. published a series of articles criticizing the that Assistant Attorney General James M. 584; see 26 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 5450-5459). Veterans' Administration medical program, Mcinerney had given him an opinion that a The President of the Senate thereupon certi­ which he stated were based upon confiden­ Congressman may accept fees for represent­ fied the witnesses, Edwards and Shriver, to tial information supplied him by about ing clients in criminal cases before Govern­ the United States attorney for the District of five Veterans' Administration officials. On ment agencies and not be in violation of the Columbia (id., p. 584). May 18, 1945, Deutsch was called before Criminal Code. Mr. Mcinerney testified that Thereafter, Edwards and Shriver were in­ the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs his conclusion was based on another statute dicted in the Supreme Court of the District and was asked to identify the officials in which allows Congressmen to represent of Columbia (now the United States District the Veterans' Administration who had given clients in Federal criminal cases. If they Court for the District of Columbia) for con­ him the information on which his articles can do that before Federal courts, said Mr. tempt of the Senate, in violation of Revised were based. He refused to divulge their Mcinerney, they can do so in precourt pro­ Statutes, section 102 (id., p. 828). identity. The committee thereupon voted ceedings before Federal agencies. Both defendants demurred to the indict­ 13- 5 to cite Deutsch for contempt. Subse­ This seems to us, as it did to Representa­ ments (id., pp. 828-829) on the ground, quently, however, on May 29, 1945, the com­ tive CARL T. CURTIS, "a very strange construc­ among others, that the questions propounded mittee reversed itself and voted 13-2 not tion" at variance with the clear language of to them "called for a disclosure of private, to cite him for contempt. (New York Times, section 203, which says: confidential, and privileged communications" May 19-May 30, 1945.) "Whosoever, being elected or appointed a made to them as journalists (id., p. 829; see id., pp. 848-849 for the relevant portion of CONCLUSION Senator, Member of or Delegate to Congress, or .a Resident Commissioner, shall • • • the defendants' brief in support of their It is clear that a congressional committee demurrers). directly or indirectly, reqeive, or agree to possesses the power to compel a newspaper­ receive, any compensation whatever for any On January 19, 1895, the Court (per Asso­ man to divulge the identity of an informant services rendered to any person, either by ciate Justice Cole) overruled the demurrers from whom he has received information re­ (id., pp. 854-857). Following is the rele­ himself or another, in relation to any pro­ lating to matters pending before the com­ ceeding, contract, claim, controversy, charge, vant portion of the Court's opinion (id., mittee. The fact that the information was accusation, arrest or other matter or thing p. 856): given to the newspaperman in confidence "It is also argued that the information has no leg<.! relevance. The refusal of the in which the United States is a party or di­ upon which these articles were based were newspaperman to divulge the identity of his rectly or indirectly interested before any de­ 'privileged communications.' No case ls informant to the committee constitutes partment, court martial, bureau, officer, or cited in which any court has held that com­ contempt under 2 U. S. C. 192. Whether any civil, military, or naval commission munications made to newspaper editors or the newspaperman should or should not be whatever, shall be fined not more than $10,- correspondents are privileged. It is claimed cited for contempt is, of course, a matter 000 and imprisoned not more than 2 years." that public policy requires the rule relating of discretion, exercisable in the first instance Mr. Quinn admitted that his law firm to privileged communicat ions to be extended by the committee, and ultimately by the handled 28 cases before the Bureau of In­ to include those made to newspapermen in Senate. ternal Revenue during the 2 years he was their profession or employment of gathering in Congress and that he received fees from and disseminating news, and a quotation is some of these cases. The law as written, he made by the learned counsel from Hegeman said, "appears to prohibit but in effect does FEES PAID TO MEMBERS OF not." We think this challenge calls for a on Privileged Communications in support of CONGRESS the argument. But the author admits that test case, and if the law should prove not there is no support for the position in ad­ Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President: On to be clear it ought to be made so. judged cases, and it seems that such a rule April 15, 1952, there appeared in the Mr. WILLIAMS. On-April 18, 1952, would be in violation of a sound public pol­ Sunday issue of the Washington Post an I addressed a letter to Mr. James M. Mc­ icy, and that its tendency would be to greatly editorial entitled "Congressmen's Fees." lessen the power for good which the public Inerney, Assistant Attorney General, press now enjoys and exercises so benefi­ In this editorial former Representative asking for a verification of Mr. Quinn's cially. T. Vincent Quinn is quoted as having statement that such an opinion had been "Let it once be established that the editor said that Assistant Attorney General rendered, and at the same time requested or correspondent cannot be called upon in James M. Mcinerney had given him an a copy thereof. At this point I ask any proceeding to disclose the information opinion that a Congressman may accept unanimous consent to have incorporated upon which the publications in his journals fees for representing clients in criminal in the RECORD a copy of my letter to Mr. are based, and the great barrier against cases before the Government agencies libelous publications is at orice stricken James M. Mcinerney. down, and the greatest possible temptation and not be in violation of the Criminal There being no objection, the letter created to use the public press as a means Code. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. of disseminating untruthful scandal, thereby At this point I ask unanimous consent as follows: tending to lessen, if not destroy, its power to have inserted in the RECORD a copy of APRIL 18, 1952. and u sefulness. (1 Green. on Ev. sec. 451, the editorial referred to. Mr. JAMES M. MCINERNEY, and authorities there cited.)" There being no objection, the editorial Criminal Division, On J anuary 21, 1895, Shriver applied to the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Department of Justice, Supreme Court of the United States for a. as follows: Washlngton, D. C. writ of habeas corpus, renewing the argu­ DEAR MR. MCINERNEY: According to an edi" ments advanced in this demurrer (id., pp. CONGRESSMEN'S FEES torial appearing in the Washington Post, 861-862) . The application was denied on Former Congressman T. Vincent Quinn of Sunday, April 13, 1952, you have been quoted February 4, 1895, on the ground that it had New York has raised anew the question of as having rendered an opinion that Mem- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE. 5305 bers of Congress may accept fees for repre­ memoraudum is for the internal considera­ the use and control of said lands and senting clients in criminal cases before tion of thP. head of the Criminal Division." resources. I ask unanimous consent for Government agencies and not be in violation There followed a somewhat lengthy discus­ of the criminal code. · sion of the background and interpretation. of its present consideration. Will you please advise me whether or not section 281, after which the following col­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The such an opinion has been rendered by you loquy took place: report will be read for the information and if so, furnish me with a copy. At the "Mr. DEWIND, Mr. Mclnerney, so that the of the Senate. same time I would appreciate your reconcil­ record may be entirely clear-and I am not The report was read, as follows: ing this opinion with section 203 which sure that it i&--it is my understanding that reads: you never did advise Mr. Quinn, either spe­ The committee of conference on the dis­ "Whosoever, being elected or appointed a cifically or in general effect, that he could agreeing votes of the two Houses on the Senator,' Member of or Delegate to Congress, handle cases, let us say, before the Intel­ amendment of the House to the joint reso­ or a Resident Commissioner, shall, • • • ligence Unit, that had not been referred to lution (S. J. Res. 20-) to confirm and estab­ directly or indirectly, receive, or agree to re.­ the Department of Justice or had not reached lish the titles of the States to lands beneath ceive, any compensation whatever for any the stage of indictment. navigable waters within State boundaries services rendered to any person, either by "Mr. McINEltNEY. I have never so specift­ and to the natural resources within such himself or another, in relation to any pro­ cally advised him. I have no recollection of lands and waters and to provide for the ceeding, contract, claim, controversy, charge, so doing. use and control of said lands and resources, accusation, arrest, or other matter or thing "Mr. DEWIND. To your knowledge, there is having met, after full and free conference, 1n which the United States is a party or di­ no written opinion of the Attorney General have agreed to recommend and do recom­ rectly or indirectly interested before any or any oIDcial of the Department of Justice mend to their respective Houses as follows: department, court martial, bureau, officer, which so holds? That the House recede from its amendment or any civil, military, or naval commission "Mr. MCINERNEY. No, sir. and the Senate agree to the same. whatever, shall be fined not more than $10,- • • JOSEPH c. O'MAHONEY, 000 and imprisoned not more than 2 years." "Mr. DEWIND. What I don't understand, RUSSELL B. LONG, Yours sincerely, Mr. Mcinerney, is what is the language of HUGH BUTLER, JOHN J. WILLIAMS. this statute or what are the aspects of the GUY CORDON, Mr. WILLIAMS. On April 25, 1952, legislative history of the statute which would M anagers on the Part of the Senate. I received a reply in which Mr. Mciner­ indicate that in either a civil or criminal in­ FRANCIS E. WALTE!, vestigation which has not reached any court, J. FP.ANK WILSON, ney stated "under the law the Attorney but is strictly before an executive agency, the LOUIS E. GRAHAM, General is empowered to render opin­ statute can be construed to permit repre­ CLIFFORD P. CASE, ions to the heads of the executive de­ sentation by Congressmen. Managers on the Part of the House. partments only." "Mr. Mc!NERNEY. It is just argument and In this letter Mr. Mcinerney quotes rationale. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is certain excerpts from his testimony be­ "Mr. DEWIND. I conclude that this is your there objection to the present considera­ opinion of the statute at the present time; tion of the report? fore the King subcommittee in which it that, if properly construed, it would permit clearly pointed out that Mr. Mcinerney th.at, even though the case has never gone There being no objection, the Senate denies ever having rendered any such beyond an executive agency-- proceeded to consider the report. opinion as referred to by Representative "Mr. MCINERNEY. No, sir. I have never Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, as Quinn. formulated any opinion 9n it. 0 0 At this point I ask unanimous consent "Mr. DEWIND. You have not? ~~~~i%a~o s~:~e t~~~~~e~fret~e 1:::n.;!~i "Mr. Mel.NERNEY. No, sir. I am just specu­ the chairman of the Committee on In­ to have incorporated in the RECORD a lating here. copy of Mr. Mcinerney's letter of April "Mr. DEWIND. This is an argument which terior and Insular Affairs I signed the 25, 1952. you &.re saying conceivably could be made. . report and I have submitted it to the There being no objection, the letter "Mr. }.1:cINERNEY. Yes, sir." Senate for its approval, although I my­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, At the conclusion of my testimony the self do not approve of the report. as follows: chairman asked if I would submit amend­ Let me say for the 3.ECORD that it is not ments to section 281, whlch would have DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, the bill which was reported by the Com­ Washington, April 25, 1952. the effect of barring Federal officials and mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Hon. JoB.N J. WILLIAMS, Members of Congress from appearances be­ fore district courts of the United States and, It is, on the other hand, the bill which United States Senate, 1n the alternative, a draft limiting them to was offered as a substitute by the Sen­ Washington, D . C. ator from -Florida [Mr. HOLLAND], on be­ MY DEAR SENATOR: I wish to acknowledge the role of trial counsel only. These drafts will be submitted to the subcommittee in half of himself and a very large number your letter of April 18, 1952, in which you of other Senators. refer to an editorial appearing in the April the near future. 13 issue of the Washington Post. This edi­ I trust that the above will satisfy the The bill which the Committee on In­ torial quotes me as having rendered an opin­ needs of your inquiry, but if it does not I terior and Insular Affairs reported pro­ l:m that Members of Congress may accept fees will be pleased to discuss it further with you vided for Federal administration of for representing clients in criminal cases 1n person. · lands submerged by the open ocean, in­ before Government agencies. Sincerely, cluding the Continental Shelf. When I have not seen the editorial in question, JAMF.S M. MCINERNEY, Assistant Attorney General. the bill was under consideration by the but it apparently refers to my testimony on Senate, the Members of this body by a April 4, 1952, before the Subcommittee on Mr. WILLIAMS. In the light of the Administration of Internal Revenue Laws. vote of 50 to 35 substituted the Holland uncertainty regarding this question, I bill for the measure which the Commit­ My t.estimony is set forth on page 6413 and can only repeat the conclusions reached ~vers some 35 pages. During the course of tee on Interior and Insular Affairs had that testimony, I respectfully declined to in the preceding editorial that "this reported. render an opinion having to do with section challenge calls for a test case, and if the The bill went to the House, where the ~81 of title 18, which is identical with the law should prove not to be clear it ought terms of the Holland bill were stricken law set forth in your letter. At one polnt to be made so." out and the so-called Walter bill ·was I advised the committee, "I do not believe substituted in its place. The Walter bill you can, sir," in reply to the question, "How can we get the views of the Department to MINERAL LEASES ON CERTAIN SUB- consisted of the terms of the Holland bill and a third title, which would have ex­ get this question resolved?" I explained to MERGED LANDS-CONFERENCE the committee, "Under the law, the Attor­ tended, I believe, the power of the States ney General is empowered to render opinions REPORT over the Continental Shelf beyond the to the beads of the executive departments Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I boundaries of the Coastal States. In only." submit a report of the committee of conference, however, that title was aban­ On page 6417 I was questioned as to why confere nee on the disagreeing votes of doned. I preferred not to furnish an opinion, and the two Houses on the amendment of Therefore, the conference report rep­ my answer was as follows: the House to the joint resolution Oregon law. QUITCLAIM assure the Senator from New Hamp­ I am gratified to be able to report that The Senate gave away to three. coastal shire, as I have assured all my constitu­ a good many members of the Oregon States on Wednesday a vital and valuable ents in Oregon during this campaign, legislature, with whom I have talked resource belonging to all the people of the that come 1956, God willing to give me during the past 10 days have assured United States. The act was one of crass ir­ breath that long, I shall be in Oregon me that, come the next session of the responsibility. Fortunately the White House again, not urging them to vote against legislature, they are goiilg to support an is occupied by a President who can be counted upon again to treat the national me, but urging them to support the prin­ amendment to the Oregon election laws, interest in this area as paramount and to ciples I fought for in this campaign in so that two things will be prohibited in veto, as he did 5 years ago, this new at­ the last 10 days, and at that time to vote the future: First, it will not be possible tempt to quitclaim the 3-mile submerged to reelect me to the Senate. I have for a man's political enemies to put his strip known as the marginal sea. been urging the people of my State to name on the presidential ballot, thus The true nature of what the Senate did vote against me in this campaign be­ placing him in a position where he can­ ought to be clearly understood. Certain cause my Republican reactionary ene­ not withdraw. As the law now is, one Senators took pains to obscure it. Senator must necessarily do what I have done KNoWLAND, for example, arguing that it was mies in Oregon, taking advantage of a not a give-away measure, asserted that this technicality in the Oregon law, placed during the past 10 days, if ~he is to keep is a measure which restores to the States my name on the presidential ballot. faith with himself and live up to the that which was theirs for 100 or 150 years, They did that for the purpose of hoping, highest standard of political ethics. or less or more, as the case may be. But the at least, to embarrass me personally, Second, they assure me they will pro­ Supreme Court, the authoritative body cre­ and possibly hoping also to split the pose to amend the Oregon law so that ated for the precise purpose of adjudicating vote of the presidential candidate I am never again can candidates for delegates just such questions, declared categorically supporting. to the convention seek to defeat the will in the California decision of 1947 that the of the people, on the basis of a legal States had never held title to the sub­ Once again, as a result of this experi­ merged land lying outside their inland wa­ ence, my confidence in the judgment of technicality not understood by the voters ters and seaward of the low-tide mark. the people was verified, because, Mr. as a whole, by filing for delegate through Senator TAFT, with equal obscurantism, President, they saw the trickery en­ a petition procedure. The law should spoke of transfer of ownership of the land gaged in by the reactionary Republican make crystal clear that each and every within the 3-mile limit to the Federal Gov­ forces of my State. The success of' my delegate is bound to vote for the choice ernment itself. But the Supreme Court did 1 O of the people. not suggest any transfer of ownership. campaign of the past days will be measured by the small size of the vote I Mr. President, I close by saying that I Ownership of the ocean bed is a matter of have had a very enjoyable 10 days in my international concern. But international get today. If it is more than a thousand, law has long recognized dominion (not I shall be very much disappointed in my State. I 'return confident that one thing ownership) over the 3-mile belt as an at­ campaigning ability, because I cannot is very true in American politics, al­ tribute of national sovereignty. Paramount imagine, in view of the campaign I made though most politicians have overlooked rights in and full dominion over the mar­ against myself in the past 10 days, that it. There are not very many hide-bound ginal sea are vested in the United States, as a thousand people would make the mis­ Democrats or hide-bound Republicans distinct from California, Texas, or Louisiana, take of voting for me for President. among registered Democrats and regis­ the Supreme Court said, because the United tered Republicans. Many politicians States is a sovereign Nation. I wish to make other comment, name­ It is altogether doubtful, in point of fact, ly, that under another technicality of forget that; they overlook the fact that if Congress has any real power to pass quit­ Oregon law it. is possible to ftle by peti­ even the great majority of registered claim legislation respecting the marginal tion for delegate to the Republican Con­ Republicans and registered Democrats sea; title to this area has never been defini­ vention. That is provided for in a sec­ are, first, independent American citi­ tively adjudicated, and congressional dispo­ tion of the old 1905 law, which the legis­ zens. They are manifesting their inde­ sition of it might well be disputed in an pendence in American politics these days,· international court of law. lature for got to repeal when it adopted a new primary election law in 1915. The and both major parties had better recog­ old 1905 section has not been used for nize this observation I have just made~ PRIMARY ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN many, many years. Of course, the joker It means that the major political parties had better come forward with programs OREGON in it is that if one files by petition, he is not then bound by the choice of the that appeal to Mr. and Mrs. Independent Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask people exercising their rights under the Citizen, because they are going to cast unanimous consent that I may proceed primary law in the choice of a presiden­ independent votes at the ballot boxes of for 5 minutes. tial candidate. So in my State today six America. · The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there reactionary Republican candidates for Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will th~ objection? The Chair hears none, and delegate at large have filed by petition, Senator yield? the Senator from Oregon is recognized thereby making clear that they refuse to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The for 5 minutes. be bound by the choice of the people at Senator from Oregon has exhausted his Mr. MORSE. I have just returned the ballot box today as to the presiden­ time. from a novel campaign in my State. tial candidate. Unfortunately~ I feel The Senator from New Hampshire is Because of the fact that there may be sure a great many people in my State recognized. some misunderstanding with regard to are not aware of that technicality and the nature of the campaign, particularly are not aware of what it means to file the statu5 of the junior Senator from by petition. APPOINTMENT OF CERTAIN OFFI­ Oregon in it, I shall make a very brief However, I am very hopeful that the CERS TO GRADE OF GENERAL statement. great majority of the people of Oregon Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I send I have enjoyed-and when I say "en­ will see through this ~ trickery too, and to the desk a bill for appropriate refer­ joyed," I mean it, Mr. President-an that the six candidates who have filed ence, and I ask unanimous consent to experience which I am afraid not very for delegate at large by petition will be speak for not more than 5 minutes to many politicians in this country have defeated. It is perfectly obvious that explain it. ever enjoyed. For some 10 days I have they seek to go to the Chicago conven­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there been going before the people of my tion to vote against a man who I am sat'I"' objection to the Senator from New State, urging them to vote against me isfied will carry the Oregon primary elec­ Hampshire proceeding for 5 minutes? for President. Senators ought to try tion today by an overwhelming majority The Chair hears none, and the Senator that sometime, Mr. President. as the presidential choice of the people. from New Hampshire is recognized for Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, will I have made these few remarks be­ 5 minutes. the Senator yield? cause since I have returned to Washing~ Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, this Mr. MORSE. I yield. ton many of my friends have expressed bill is to authorize the President of the Mr. BRIDGES. The Senator is tak­ complete puzzlement about what the sit­ United States to appoint to the grade of ing that position only during the current uation is in Oregon. An editorial in the general in the Army of the United States election campafgn, is he not? His state­ Washington Post of this morning also those officers who in the grade of lieu­ ment does not hold for the future? shows that there is a great deal of con- tenant general commanded Army ground 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5313 forces, or commanded an army, during Simon B. Buckner, Jr., deceased, com­ The bill (S. 3186) to authorize the World War II, and for other purposes. manding general, Tenth Army, Pacific President to appoint to the grade of gen­ I am introducing this bill in behalf of theater; Lt. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, eral in the Army of the United States the distinguished Senator from Wash­ retired, commanding general, Eighth those officers who, in grade of lieutenant ington [Mr. CAIN] and myself. Army, Pacific theater; and Lt. Gen. general, commanded the Army Ground I shall not read the bill at this point, Leonard T. Gerow, retired, commanding . Forces or commanded an army during but I shall tell the Senate what it would general, Fifteenth Army, European the­ World War II, and for other purposes, do. The.bill would authorize the Presi­ ater. introduced· by Mr. BRIDGES n was included in the McCarran demeanor would be sufficient. and t.here He was convicted in a Communist court bill after thought and consideration. It would be no possibility of appeal or of in Hungary. He was convieted as a re­ is another indication of the fact that the review of deportation occurred? sult of a conspiratorial plan which was bill needs more study by its senatorial Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct. carried out by the Communist police and proponents and supporters. I think it is Mr. President, this provision of the bill a Communist court in Hungary. The further evidence, Mr. President, of the is a scandalous one. Our Government is two political charges against him were validity of the statement made by the supposed to be a government of law, re".'. . treason and organizing to overthrow the minority members of the Judiciary Com­ strained by constitutional procedu~es State. ·The criminal charges against him mittee in their minority views; that the and provisions. Thus, it is inconceiv­ were speculation and failure to repart importance of this proposed legislation able that there should have come from foreign exchange. certainly merits a sect.ion-by-section one of the committees of the Senate a It is patently obvious that whenever discussion of .the bill by the committee bill containing a provision which would a Communist government wishes to liq­ before final c::immittee action. The mi­ place in the Attorney General more uidate its OPPosition, particularly if the nority members of the Judiciary Com­ power than has ever been conceived, opposition is a noted cleric or a noted mittee have pointed out that the bill had planned, or thought of in connection Political leader, two types of charges are not been discussed, had n<>t been ana­ with the Government of the United available: First, palitieal charges; sec­ lyzed, had not been reviewed. States. ., ond, what may be termed criminal As a matter of fact, the bill" was in­ Mr. LEHMAN. Is it not also true that charges. Both were used in the case of troduced one morning, and was report­ under the provisions of the bill no time Cardinal Mindszenty. Under the provi­ ed by the committee that very after­ limitation at all would appiy in respect sions o.! this bill, Cardinal Mindszenty noon. Yet the bill contains 302 pages of to this particular provision? would not be eligible for entry into the the most complex legislative proposals . Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes; it would be United states. Furthermore, under the that ever have been before the Con­ retroactive. bill as now written, there is no room for gress. Mr. LEHMAN. Yes, it would be ret­ interpretation in connection ·with such In the McCarran bill there are other roactive without limit. An alien may provisions. new deportation provisions which are have been in the Unired States for 30 or Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the foreign to our system of justice. By sec­ 40 years, and the crime or misdemeanor, Senator from Minnesota yield to me? tion 241 (d), most of the new deporta­ or whatever it may have been. might Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield: tion provisions are made retroactive. A have been committed 20 years bef-0re. Mr. MORSE. Does not the Senator man may bave been convicted for going He might have an American wife and from Minnesota also recognize that such through a stop sign last year. If this American children. Nonetbele_ss, if it charges, when brought in a Communist bill becomes law, the Attorney General were possible to show that he had com­ country, are usually framed charges, and could deport him, if that man were found mitted any crime or misdemeanor, even therefore have very little bearing on the ·undesirable-whatever that means; and as long ago as 25 or 30 years-the ret­ question of the guilt or innocence of the no standards are established in that con­ roactivity would be without limitation­ person concerned? nection-for what he did, even though at he would be liable to deportation. Mr. HUMPHREY. That is entirely the time when he did it the thing he did Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct. . true; they are trumped-up charges, and was not a ground for deportation. REFUGEES FROM BEHIND THE Ill.ON CURTAIN they have very litt1e bearing on the guilt Mr. President, think of the possibili­ Mr. President, I now addre$S myself or innocence of the accused. ties of political persecution in such cases. to the subject of refugees from behind Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the Let us imagine that the Attorney Gen­ the iron curtain and the way in which Senator from Minnesota yie1d further to eral found unpalatable the statements this bill would apply to them. I have me? made by a certain person. Let us im­ already discussed two provisions of the Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield. agine that that person was criticizing McCarran bill which would etiectively Mr. MORSE. Does the Senator from the Attorney General, possibly justly so. prevent a number of refugees from be­ Minnesota also recognize that such pro­ Let us imagine that the Attorney Gen­ hind the iron curtain from coming to ceedings are typical of the type of so­ eral found that the man who had been the United States, even though they may called justice to be found not only in criticizing him was a naturalized citizen be fervent, etfective, and intelligent anti­ Communist countries but also in Fascist and had been convicted of a minor of­ communists of high moral standing. I countries? fense. All the Attorney General would refer to the provisiUnited States Army, and absent on official business. secretary of the Interior, was also an The S~natOr from Maine [Mr. BREW­ immigrant from Germany. He became STER], the -Senator from Ohio CMr. HOURS OF DAILY SESSIONS a great American statesman and citizen. BRICKER], and the · Senators from In­ Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, in con­ Moreover, Mr. President, let us not for­ diana [Mr. CAPEHART and Mr. JENNER] nection with the order which has just get the splendid contributions made by -are necessarily absent. been entered, namely, that following to­ immigrants to our entire national cul­ ~ The Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. day the Senate take a recess until next tural development in the fields of music, WILEY] is absent by leave of the Senate Monday, will the Senator from Nevada literature, and the arts. for the purpose of attending the confer­ -yield to me, to permit me to address a Also, let us not forget all the little­ ence of the International Council for question to the majority leader? known people who, in their own way, Christian Leadership at The Hague. Mr. McCARRAN. I yield. have made their contributions to the 'The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. Mr. BRIDGES. Let me say that I real­ growth and development of our country. ·YOUNG] is absent on official business at­ ize that the distinguished majority How I wish the Senator from Oregon tending meetings of the Missoui·i Basin Survey Commission. - leader has made pleas for the expediting could have heard the moving speech of the work of the Senate. As minority made a day or two ago by the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo­ leader, I agree completely with him in from Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE]. I rum is not present. The clerk will call his plea for expedition of the work of shall long remember that speech. Every the names of the absent Senators. the Senate and a better attendance of Member of this body should read it. Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I ask Senators. The Senator from Rhode Island spoke unanimous consent that the order for The majority leader mentioned earlier with great sincerity, great conviction, a quorum call be rescinded, and that fur­ today that next week we shall have long and real understanding of the problems ther proceedings under the call be dis­ day sessions; and he has even held out of immigrants and immigration. He pensed with. the threat-if I may use that word; or spoke of some of the little people. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The perhaps the word "possibility" would be Mr. President, after we have surveyed Chair is sorry, but the Senator from a better one-of night sessions, certainly all the contributions made by immi­ Nevada is too late. A quorum must be later in the week, if we do not make bet­ grants, let us sit down and write an present to make such a request in order. ter progress as a result of having long immigration law which will be in line The clerk will call the names of the day sessions. with the policy that has made America absent Senators. I wonder whether the Senator from gre~t. The legislative clerk called the names Arizona means to have the Senate meet -Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I of the absent Senators. on Saturdays-I ask this question in or­ now suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo­ der that Senators and all others con­ The PRESIDING OFFICER f prisoners. was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, ll4 H. R. 400 ___ _ Exveditious natursllzation of wielded against the bill and against the fOrmer citizens. as follows: authors of the bill, I ask that the com­ 116 H. R 3142-__ _ Japanese Evacuation Claims. NEW MCCARRAN 'MONSTROSITY 117 H. R . 3442 ___ _ To protect emblems, etc., of plete editorial be inserted in the RECORD Girl Scouts. One of the most shameful events in Ameri­ at this point in my remarks. l:Mi s. 248 ______Audubon Centennial Year. can history was the rtse of the Know-Nothing 128 S.1. Res. 42-. Interstate Di! .and ga.s compact. There being no objection, the editorial 129 H. R. 4106 ••• _ Permitting photographic re- movement in the first halt of the nineteenth was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, productions of business rec­ century. This was a movement based on as follows: or.ds as evidence. blind .and blgoted hatred o.f foreigners. It 141 s. 15 ______THINK .McCARRAN AcT Is 'BAD? TAKE A Loox 154 s. 24 ______Employment ageney fees. was directed with part1cUlar venom agalnst Customs Bureau land and AT THIS NEW Bn.L building facilities, the agents of the Pope, the Irish. Today, 194 H. R. 4693 ___ _ :&nkruptcy (Long Island the notorious Senator McCAKRAN is pushing (By Harry Raymond) R,&.). for s1milar ''hate the foreign-born" in Con­ (Senator PAT McCABJ!.AN, of Nevada, wants ~ H. R. ll8L ••• Payment of claims re correc­ tion military or naval rec- gress which would l>e a hard blow at the to recodi!y existing deportation and nat­ ords. . liberties of all. urallzation laws. That's the Nevada Sen­ 223 H. R. 4945 ___ _ Refunding of forfeited bail. The McCa.rran-Walter bill would empower ator's phrase for legislation that would strip .225 H.J. Res. 308_. Stephen Foster Memorial the graft-ridden Department of Justice to the statute books of the last civil protec­ Day. the 232 S, 1482------Relief of town of Mount arrest naturalized citizens or noncitizens tions for foreign-born and subject even Desert, Maine. without cause, hold them indefinitely with­ citizens to the techniques of the police 248 H. R. 38911.. ••' To amend certain titles -Of out ball, and deport them at wilL It could state. It's S. 2550, and here's how it would u. s. Code. question them at any time on any politic.al work.) 2!50 H. R. 2176 ___ _ Relief of Fort Pierce port distrfot. views they ever held, especially in peace, the NEW YoRK.-New despotic powers, aimed at 256 H. R. 4687 ___ _ Witbboldin~ patents for ~ecu­ Negro question, or socialism. Furthermore, further restrlct1on of Ubertles granted by the rity purposes. the bill weights the immigration quotas 1n 261 H.1. Res. 314_ Citizenship Day. Blll of Rights to ctt1Zens and noncittzens 281 s. 1345 ______Court fees for the District -0f favor of the superior peoples as against the alike, would be placed in the hands of the Columbia, U. S. District West Indians, the Chinese. African, and Asian Justice Department by the new immigration 283 s. 1851______Court. peoples generally. It applies the Nazi for­ and naturall.Zat1on bill (S. 25.50) introduced Preventing illegal entry of mulas about blood mixtures in estimating aliens {wetbacks). by Senator PAT McCAKRAN. quotas. And to top it off, the bill creates the The McCarran bill and companion meas­ cr.ime of conspiracy to invite to America any ures in the House of Representatives are be­ Eleven bills and resolutions bypassed Sen­ one of the forbidden peoples, branded for ing pushed by both Senate and House lead­ ate committees, among which were Senate their blood or their politics. ers for early adoption. Joint Resolution 40.. amending War Clalms This 1s a "'formula for unlimited poltce state These bills, disguised as recodiflcation of Act, and House Joint Resolution 284, one­ power against any JlOlitical or trade-union existing deportation and naturalization laws, hundredth anniversary of John Howard activity by m1111ons of Americans, natural­ would, 1f a.dopted- Payne, whfoh normally would have come ized or noncittzen. It must be defeated ln SUbject the freedom and welfare of the to this committee. 1ts tracks. The CIO and many unions ha'Ve noneitizen and naturalized citizen to arbi­ Public laws resulting from bills reported denounced it. Now is the moment to tell trary discretion of every petty Justice De­ by other Senate committees are: your United States Senators to pledge their partment official. Gra,,nt power to these officials to interro­ Agriculture ------15 vote to kill this police state, racist terrorlstlc gate without warrants and under threat of Appropriations______24 scheme. imprisonment noncitizens and citizens alike. Armed Services------311h Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. Presid~nt, I Freeze into law the recent Supreme Court Atomic Energy------1 Banking and Currency______9 have in my hand a sheet from the Dally 5-to-4 decision empowering the Attomey Civil Service______15 General to revoke bail at any time • • • People's Worker. which is the western 1n his discretion for persons oont.esting de­ District of Columbia______33 Communist newspaper; published in the portation proceedings in legal action. The Expenditures------11 West, in whieh the following headline person thus denied bail would be limited Finance------40 appears: "Trunk McCarran Act is bad? 1n the right to appeal to the courts. Foreign Relations______5% Empower the Immigration and Naturali­ Interior and Insular Affairs______19 Take a look at this new bill." zation Service to deport without cause and Interstate and Foreign Commerce____ 16 By the first line, of course. is meant slibjeet noncittzens t.o criminal penalties Labor and Public Welfare______7 the Mocarran Security Act. The Com­ without due process of law. Publle Works______12 munists have never liked that, so they Establish Jim Crow immigration provisions Rules and Administration______3 under a. quota system permitting only 200 want the people to think the pending bill persons a year to emigrate !rom China and 1s also bad. The editorial goes on to India and 199 from the West Indies,_ wh11e Tota1------242 - say: setting totalfl !or Great Britain and Germany New despotic powers, aimed at further re­ at more than 90,000. The bill would in­ striction of liberties granted by the Bill of tensify discrimination against the colored REVISION OF LAWS RELATING TO peoples inherent in the existing quotas. IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION, Rights to citizens and ll.Oncittzens alike, Empower the President to stop all 1mm1- AND NATIONALITY would be placed ln the hands of the Justice gration at will, to exclude, deport, or denat­ Department by the new immigration and uralize persons deemed detrimental to ln• The Senate resumed the consideration naturalization blll (S. 2550), introduced by terests of the national administration in of the bill f Foreign Born, "a kind of into the new Senate bill to harass and jail also its support of Langer expellee proposal lettre de caehet under which the Attorney seamen. and steps to restore their quotas which entlre General.. like absolute monarchs in former The measure requires that a noncitiZen Senate finally approved. times, could exile all noncittzens who oppose sailor who remains more than 29 days with­ ADCLF WiliTER, his decrees." out a ship in a United States port shall. re­ National Vice Ch;airman, Federation 'Ball JJrovisions of the new proposed law gardless of the reason for his sojourn here, be of American CitiZens of German are even more repressive than the Supreme arrested and imprisoned for a misdemeanor. Descent. Court•srecent decision granting the Attorney Included among the seamen against whom Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President. I General the right to hold persons in deporta­ this measure is directed are nonciti.zen mari­ have in my hand a telegram dated May tion proceedings without bail. time workers who served years on United 14, 1952, addressed to myself. which The pro-posed law would not only vest the States ships during World War Il. Many of Att1J!'Iley General with power to revoke bail them are married to citizen wives, have reads as follows: 1n his d1scretion, but would limlt joint re­ established bomes here, and have children We go on record indorsing your bill (S. vlew of his action merely to the question attending our schools. 2550) and urge you to secure early adoption. of whether he acted expeditiously. Section 287 o! the bill would set the stage ALBERT K. LEONG. Under provisions of the bill, the Immlgra.­ for vast dragnet similar to the Palmer raids President, Midwest Chinese-Ameri­ tion and Naturalization Servic:e would be of the 1920's where citizens and noncitizens can Civic Council of Chicago. XCVIll-335 5328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 16 Mr. President, in the course of a col­ Mr. McCARRAN. Very well. If it is Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will loquy a few days ago, I suggested that for a question, I will yield; if not, I do the Senator yield for a question? it was evident from statements which not care to yield. Mr. McCARRAN. I yield. were being made by opponents of the Mr. LEHMAN. Will the Senator from Mr. EASTLAND. The bill before the omnibus immigration and nationality Nevada categorically say that any hear­ Senate today evolved as a result of the bill, s. 2550, that they had not read the ings have been held on S. 2550, or that hearings, did it not? bill. After perusing the record of state­ any hearings have been held by the full Mr. McCARRAN. That is correct. ments which the opponents of the bill committee on the Judiciary within the Mr. . EASTLAND. In the hearings, the have made, it is increasingly evident that last number of months? The last word Committee on the Judiciary went ex­ my statement that the opponents of the of testimony was taken a year or more haustively into every question that is bill had not read the bill was one of ago. presented in the bill which is the current, generosity, because ·fair-minded men Mr. McCARRAN. Senate bill 2550 pending business, did. it not? could not read that bill and then hurl has been the subject of hearings for Mr. McCARRAN. Not only that, but such unfounded charges against it. almost 2 % years. S. 2550 is now before the House as well, having a companion Mr. President, why do the opponents the Senate. It is the pending business. bill to the pending bill, held hearings, of this bill persist in asserting to be a It is the subject matter of the hearings and joint hearings were also held by the fact that which is not a fact? Repeat­ I have laid before the Senate. It is the Senate and House Committees on the edly opponents of the bill have con­ subject matter of the hearings which Judiciary. tended that there were not adequate have been printed. It has been the sub­ Mr. EASTLAND. I should like to ask hearings upon the pending legislation, ject matter of consideration by the Com­ the Senator from Nevada if he knows of and this they say in the face of the mittee on the Judiciary for 2% years. a single bill that has ever reached the voluminous record of printed hearings, Mr. FERGUSON and Mr. LEHMAN floor of the Senate which has been the a copy of which is on the desk of every addressed the Chair. subject of more exhaustive study than Senator. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does has the pending bill. Mr. President, I now ask that the the Senator from Nevada yield; and if Mr. McCARRAN. Never during my cargo of hearings again be brought into so, to whom? period of service in the Senate have I the Senate, so that Senators may see Mr. McCARRAN. I yield now to the seen more exhaustive study of a sub­ them. Senator from Michigan. ject than was devoted to this bill. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will Mr. FERGUSON. Does not the diffi­ Mr. EASTLAND. I think the Senate the Senator yield at that point? culty which the opponents of the bill are is certainly indebted to the Senator from Mr. McCARRAN. For a question finding arise over the number by which Nevada for the tireless work he has per­ only. the bill is designated rather than the formed on this subject, which has ex­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Does the Senator principles and substance involved in the haustively covered every feature of it as from Nevada know that as of yesterday bill? The hearings refer to bills with dif­ a result of years of work. I have been the junior Senator from Minnesota said: ferent numbers. The hearings were con­ amazed at the energy and time he has ducted upon the substance of the pro­ devoted to this subject. I am well aware of the fact that the Senate visions embodied in Senate bill 2550. Is Judiciary Committee has given long and Mr. McCARRAN. I thank the Sena­ serious study to the immigration policy of not that the difficulty in the present de­ tor from Mississippi. our country. In 1947 the Senate adopted a bate? resolution which directed the Senate Com­ Mr. McCARRAN. That is certainly Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will mittee on the Judiciary to make a full and true. It should ·be remembered that the Senator yield? complete investigation of our entire immi­ three different bills were introduced, Mr. McCARRAN. I yield for a ques­ gration system. Beginning with July 1948, taken back and refined, reintroduced, tion. a special judiciary subcommittee began ex­ and again taken back and refined, during Mr. HUMPHREY. I wonder if the tensive hearings and investigations. the time we were holding hearings. But Senator from Mississippi was present In other words, does the Senator from the reports of the hearings now before when the junior Senator from Minne­ Nevada realize that the junior Senator the Senate indicate that the hearings sota read as follows from yesterday's from Minnesota paid an appropriate were on the very subject matter involved CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: and well-deserved tribute to the Com­ in the pending bill. As a result of these studies and delibera­ mittee on the Judiciary for extensive Mr. FERGUSON. So the number of tions made by a staff of experts under the hearings upon the subject of immigra­ the bill has nothing to do with the sub­ guidance first of the former Senator from West Virginia, Mr. Revercomb, and the sen­ tion?- stance? ior Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, the Mr. McCARRAN. The number of the the bill now on the floor of the Senate, S. Senator from Minnesota has not asked bill has nothing to do with it. The num­ 2550, is presented to us for Senate debate a question; he has made a statement. ber is a designation given by the clerk. and action. It is an appropriate statement. I am Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the • • • • grateful to him for conceding the fact. Senator yield? I must say, however, that the bill repre­ Mr. President, I now lay before the Mr. McCARRAN. For a question. sents an impressive body of work. Both the Senate, not all, but some of the type­ Mr. LEHMAN. Will the Senator from staff and the members of the Immigration written manuscript of hearings con­ '.Nevada, in stating that hearings were Subcommittee deserve the thanks of the Sen­ held on the pending bill, explain why, in ate for the hours and energies which they ducted by the Committee on the Judi­ contributed to our understanding of immi­ ciary. this great mass of documents which have gration legislation. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the been placed before the Senate, there is Senator yield? a report of a hearing on some bill-I do Let me say to the chairman of the Ju­ Mr. McCARRAN. Only if it is for a not know what it was-on July 16, 1948, diciary Committee that we pay tribute question. nearly 4 years ago, when conditions were to him for his excellent work. We sim­ ply disagree with his conclusions. The Mr. LEHMAN. It is for a question. completely different from what they are today? Furthermore, according to the volume of hearings has nothing to do Mr. McCARRAN. Very well. report to which the Senator from Michi­ with whether or not one agrees with Mr. LEHMAN. I have not examined gan has referred, those hearings were the conclusions. Bill after bill comes all these documents, but will the Sena­ held on entirely different bills, and 14 to the floor of the Senate supported by tor tell us that any one of them, a single months ago is the latest date indicated. all kinds of hearings; nevertheless many line or a single word of the hearings, Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, the bills are voted down. We are not argu­ was on S. 2550, the pending bill? study of this subject was started in 1948. ing about the volume of hearings, but Mr. McCARRAN. The subject matter It has been going on ever since, under the about the quality of the conclusions. of S. 2550 is the subject matter that is resolution passed by the Senate. It is a Mr. McCARRAN. That is very nice. in the record now before the Senate. study which has been continuous. The I appreciate that remark. I am glad Does that answer the Senator's ques­ bill before the Senate today bears a dif­ the Senator from Minnesota has so soft­ tion? ferent number, but it pertains to the ened up, if I may use the vernacular, as Mr. LEHMAN. No. Will the Senator same subject matter the committee was to pay a compliment to us, because for yield for another question? instructed to study. the past four or five days I have been 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5329 the recipient of anything but compli .. cial discriminations from our immigra­ Mr. LEHMAN. I shall certainly re­ ments. tion and naturalization laws and prevent spect the ~enator's desire. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will unnecessary separation of families." Mr. McCARRAN. I yield for a ques­ the Senator yield? Mr. President, I ask Senators to al­ tion. Mr. McCARRAN. I yield for a ques­ low me to complete my statement, be­ Mr. LEHMAN. It will be a question. tion. I cannot continue this debate all cause I wish to conclude for the day. Is it not a fact that the letter which day. Only yesterday amid the terrific ver­ the Senator read yesterday from the Mr. HUMPHREY. Is the Senator biage which was poured forth from the State Department, signed by Mr. Jack aware of the fact that it was only yes­ Senators who are opposing this bill, I McFall, Assistant Secretary, referred to terday that the junior Senator from heard the charge that the bill discrimi­ the Walter bill; and is it not further a Minnesota said what he has just read? nates against the Filipinos and yet in fact that the Senator himself very gen­ There has been no attempt on the part my opening statement, Mr. President, I erously read a memorandum of six or of the Senator from Minnesota to deny inserted in the RECORD a resolution of seven pages outlining the very vital dif­ that there have been hearings. I repeat the Filipino Federation of America which ferences between the Walter bill and the that this is nothing more nor less than a has endorsed the McCarran-Walter bill McCarran bill? disagreement over the conclusions as a 100 percent. Mr. McCARRAN. They are only result of the hearings, which is a normal Why is it, Mr. President, that the minor differences; and I so stated. There process in a free legislative assembly. opponents of this measure repeatedly are always minor differences between a Mr. McCARRAN. I thank the Sena­ assert that· my bill violates the provi­ bill in the House and a companion bill tor. sions of the Administrative Procedure in the Senate. The differences are so Mr. President, why is it that the op­ Act in deportation proceedings when a minor that it will require only a few ponents of this bill have repeatedly as­ perusal of the bill would convince any minutes to iron them out in conference. serted that there has been no detailed fair-minded man that the bill is 100 per­ Would the Senator from New York en· analysis presented to the Senate of the cent within the framework of the Ad­ dorse the Walter bill now? bill when the fact is that on the desk of ministrative Procedure Act, which, in­ every Senator at this moment there is cidentally, I sponsored and authored in Mr. LEHMAN. No. a thousand page report on the various the Senate. Mr. President, no Senator Mr. McCARRAN. I did not think he points covered in the bill, plus the com­ is more jealous of the provisions of the would. mittee report when the bill was reported Administrative Procedure Act than is the Mr. LEHMAN. There are many de­ to the Senate floor and, in addition, there senior Senator from Nevada; and I say fects in the Walter bill; but the differ­ was sent to every Senator months ago to the Senate that the omnibus immigra­ ences which the Senator describes were a voluminous section-by-section analysis tion bill, S. 2550, is completely within the not of a minor character. They were of the bill comparing every provision of framework of the Administrative Proce­ of a major character; and the letter. the bill with the present law. dure Act. from the Secretary of State was ad­ I hold i:;1 my hand a copy of that com­ Why is it, Mr. President, that the op­ dressed to the Walter bill and not to the parative print. It was laid on the desks ponents of this bill have listed as sup­ McCarran bill. of Senators a long time ago. It is avail­ porters of the Humphrey-Lehman bill Mr. McCARRAN. That is correct; but able now. organizations which are opposed to the the Walter bill and the McCarran bill Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will Humphrey-Lehman bill and which have are one and the same. The Walter bill the Senat-0r yield at that point? I endorsed the committee bill? Only yes­ was a comp&.nion bill to the McCarran should like to ask a question. terday the junior Senator from Michigan bill. It was sent over from myself to Mr. McCARRAN. I should like to pur­ [Mr. MOODY] inserted in the RECORD the Representative WALTER, and was author­ sue my statement, but I yield for a name of the National Catholic Welfare ized by him. Joint hearings were held question. Conference as a supporter of the Hum­ on the bill. Mr. HUMPHREY. Is not that com­ phrey-Lehman bill. The truth is that Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will parative print directed to Senate bill the National Catholic Welfare Confer­ the Senator from Nevada yield? 716? ence is supporting the McCarran-Walter Mr. McCARRAN. I yield. Mr. McCARRAN. The comparative bill; and I inserted in the RECORD in my Mr. HUMPHREY. Am I correct in print is a comparison of this same bill. opening remarks a statement from the understanding that on Tuesday, May 13, The numbers may be different. National Catholic Welfare Conference to the Senator from Nevada placed in the Mr. HUMPHREY. Is the Senator that efI€ct. The opponents of the com­ RECORD excerpts from a statement issued willing to testify now that there is no mittee bill have apparently gone through by the National Council of Jewish change whatsoever as between Senate the record of the hearings, which they Women with respect to S. 2550? bill 716 and Senate bill 2550? say does not exist, and excerpted sug­ Mr. McCARRAN. I think I did; yes. Mr. McCARRAN. Oh, no. I also gestions by organizations regarding par­ Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator from bold in my hand a comparative print ticular sections of the bill which were Nevada may be interested in knowing with regarC: to Senate bill 2550. That is made in the formative stages of this bill. that on the 14th of May the. Senator on the desks of Senators. and tben they conclude that the organ­ from Minnesota received a letter from Mr. HUMPHREY. Is not that the one ization which made the suggestion is op­ the executive director of the National which was sent to Senators with Senate posed to the bill in toto. The truth is, Council of Jewish Women which states• bill 716? Mr. President, that the overwhelming The complete and honest facts are as fol­ Mr. McCARRAN. No. It relates to majority of those non-Government or­ lows: The National Council of Jewish Women Senate bill 2550. ganizations interested in the field of issued a public statement in support of the Why is it, Mr. President, that the op­ immigration and naturalization have Humphrey-Lehman bill and issued state­ ponents of this bill repeatedly charge expressed themselves as favorable to ments in criticism of the bill now pending that the bill discriminates against the so-called McCarran-Walter bill. before the Senate. oriental groups when the truth is that Why is it, Mr. President. that the op­ The same executive director points the bill has the unqualified endorsement ponents of this measure persist in as­ out that the statements which the chair­ of the oriental groups of this country serting that the McCarran-Walter bill m:il'. of the Committee on the Judiciary who are unalterably opposed to the SO· would jeopardize our foreign relations? made were taken out of context. called Humphrey-Lehman bill because How can they make that charge in the Mr. McCARRAN. The latter state­ they know it would give them the kiss of face of the letter which I inserted in the death. The Japanese-American Citizens RECORD yesterday from the Department ment is not true. League hai given the committee bill its of State that "the bill institutes a step Mr. HUMPHREY. I am only read­ unqualified endorsement and is opposed in the direction of better relations with ing what Mrs. Elsie Elfenbein states in to the Humphrey-Lehman bill. The foreign countries." · the letter. She is the executive director Chinese-American Citizens Alliance, the Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the of the organization. only nationally organized group of Amer­ Senator yield for a question? Mr. McCARRAN. I know that what ican citizens of Chinese descent in this Mr. McCARR-\N. I have asked not I put in the RECORD was what I had be­ country, has endorsed the committee to be interrupted, but :r: yield for one fore me. It was an endorsement, that is bill "as an honest e1Iort to eliminate ra- que~tion. I hope it will be the last.- all. 5330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 16 Mr. HUMPHREY. Well, the endorse­ mula is the only fair and reasonable for­ Mr. President, I take no issue with ment has now been canceled, as of this mula which is at all practicable. If the those who would praise the contributions date. opponents of the committee bill would which have been made to our society by Mr. McCARRAN. Very well; if it has read the report of the committee, run­ people of many races, of varied creeds been canceled, very well. I do not know ning close to a thousand pages in length, and colors. America is indeed a joining anything about it. They said nothing to which was prepared with the cooperation together of many streams which go to . me about it. of experts in this field, they would know form the mighty river which we call the Why is it, Mr. President, that the op­ that if we scrap the national origins for­ American way. It is appropriate, Mr. ponents of this measure persist in at­ mula, we will, in the course of a genera­ President, that in our thinking we reach tacking provisions of the McCarran­ tion or so, change the ethnic and cultural almost a religious fervor in our appraisal Walter bill as though they were cleverly composition of this Nation. The times, of this great phenomenon of the West­ devised snares for innocent aliens when Mr. President, are too perilous for us to ern Hemisphere. the truth is· the very provisions which t inker blindly with our basic institutions. However, Mr. President, the cold, hard they attack hav.e been basic provisions Why is it, Mr. President, that the op­ truth is that in the United States today of our immigration law for generations ponents of this measure repeatedly de­ there are hard-core, indigestible blocs and are designed to screen out the sub­ scribe the bill as antialien when the truth who have not became integrated into verEives, the criminals, and the unde­ is that the bill removes inequities and the American way of life, but who, on sirables. I was shocked, Mr. President, discriminations which exist in the pres­ the contrary, are its deadly enemy. The to have my attention directed to a state­ ent law? Why is it, Mr. President, that cold, hard truth, Mr. President, is that ment which was made in the last day the opponents of this measure do not tell today, as never before, untold millions or so by one of the opponents of the the Senate that, in fact, under the are storming our gates for admission; committee bill to the effect that Cardinal McCarran-Walter bill more aliens will and those gates are cracking under the Mindszenty would be excludable under be admitted into the United States than strain. The cold, hard fact is, too, Mr. the provisions of the committee bill be­ under the present law, but that it is the President, that this Nation is the last cause of a trumped up conviction in a plan and purpose of the McCarran­ hope of western civilization; and if this Communist court. If this is true, Mr. Walter bill for us to receive only those oasis of the world shall be overrun, per­ President, then black is white. aliens who will become integrated, who verted, contaminated, or destroyed, then The opponents of this bill have re­ will become an asset and not a liability the last flickering light of humanity will peatedly charged that the bill contains to our American society? be extinguished. A solution of the discriminatory features. I do not know, If the opponents of the McCarran­ problems of Europe and Asia, Mr. Presi­ Mr. President, just what connotation Walter bill had read the bill, they would dent, will not come as· we transplant they give to the word "discrimination" know, Mr. President, that the bill grants but I say here and now that the bill does these problems en masse to the United nonquota status to the husbands of States of America. A solution of those undertake to plug thosci loopholes American citizens and removes discrimi­ through which subversives, criminals, problems will come only if America is nations based on sex as well as race. maintained strong and free; only if our and undesirables have, over the course They would know, Mr. President, that of many years, been able to pollute the institutions, our way of life, are pre­ the classes eligible for suspension of de:­ served by those who are part and parcel blood stream of our country and for portation are expanded. They would that I do not apologize in any way what­ of that way of life, so that America may know, Mr. President, that under the lead the world in a way dedicated to ever. McCarran-Walter bill, stepchildren are May I say in passing, however, that the worth and dignity of the human accorded the same treatment as natural soul. the bill which the opponents of the com­ children for the first time in the history mittee measure would have us adopt does Some few days ago, Mr. President, I of our immigration laws. stated that I did not want . to become discriminate in a very real sense. It is Again I ask, Mr. President, why is it a measure which discriminates against part of a filibuster on a measure which that the opponents of the McCarran­ has ~lready been pounded and shaped the American people. It discriminates Walter bill, if they have read the meas­ against American institutions. It dis­ on the anvil of thousands of hours of ure, would take a tack which is so con­ deliberation. I would, however, feel criminates against the American way of trary to the facts? life, for it would tear down the protective that I had been remiss in my duty to ·immigration system. The truth is, Mr. President, that the the Senate and to the American people Why is it, Mr. President, that the op­ opponents of the McCarran-Walter bill if I did not take to task those who, in ponents of the committee bill persist in have by their own acts endorsed 85 per­ their zeal to seize upon an issue which misconstruing the basic philosophy be­ cent of the McCarran-Walter bill, be­ is charged with emotion, would wittingly hind the national origins quota system? cause if you pick up the McCarran­ or unwittingly lend themselves to efforts They speak as though the national ori­ Walter bill in your left hand and read which woud poison the bloodstream of gins quota system deliberately set about it against the Humphrey-Lehman bill in the country. I know, Mr. President, to discriminate against the people of your right hand, you will see, Mr. Presi­ how popular it may be in the name of southern and eastern Europe, and then dent, that they have copied paragraph liberalism to attack proposed legislation they launch into an emotionally charged by paragraph, sentence by sentence, which is the product of the ablest, most description of the virtues of those noble word for word, comma for comma, the expert minds of the Nation;· but I am people. I say, Mr. President, that this entire McCarran-Walter bill which was confident that the Senate of the United type of approach to a serious problem, a result of 3 years of intensive work by . States, the greatest deliberative body in such as that which is confronting the a committee of the Senate and a staff the world, will have no part of such an Senate today, is a disservice to the people . of experts, and then you will see, Mr. attack. Let the Senate decide the issue, of this country as well as to the people . President, that at almost every point in even as it was decided by the House of on whom the opponents of this measure which the McCarran-Walter bill under­ Representatives a few weeks ago, when would fawn. The truth is, Mr. President, takes to strengthen the enforcement that great body rejected, by an over­ that in 1924 this country found itself procedures to plug the loopholes and whelming vote of 206 to 68, similar even as it is today, besieged by millions gaps in our present immigration system, spurious charges. and millions of people of the world. The those provisions are removed iri the Mr. President, I thought it well at this Congress of the United States at that Humphrey-Lehman bill. But, Mr. Pres­ stage of the proceedings, even though time, in undertaking to establish some ident, the Humphrey-Lehman bill has they have been dragged out long, to ex­ formula by which to limit immigration been presented as an original product of press a feeling which is penned up with­ to an assimilable number, worked out a its sponsors. in me, and has been during all the course formula whereby the quotas for immi­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, of. my mature years-a feeling that my gration to this country would be based will the Senator from Nevada yield? country is the leader, the spearhead, if upon the ratio of each national group in Mr. McCARRAN. No; I have asked you please, of civilization; and that it the United States to the aggregate pop­ to be permitted to continue with my can maintain that position only by ever­ ulation. With the exception of a few on remarks. I shall conclude them very lasting vigilance of its internal security. the pink fringe every authority in the shortly. Then the Senator from Min­ With that everlasting vigilance upper­ field of immigration agrees that this for- nesota may have the floor. most in my mind, I have presented this 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5331 bill, which I believe to be the best immi­ Lehman-Humphrey bill will bring new said that apparently we have taken most gration law we can possibly enact under hope to all freemen and strengthen our of our material from the reports of the policy in the struggle between democracy hearings; and he has said that practical­ existing conditions. and Communist tyranny. In my opening statement I said this We are strongly opposed to the pending ly all the persons of whom we have bill is not perfect. No one ever pre­ outdated and restrictive Senator McCarran spoken had a chance to be heard at the sented a perfect bill, Mr. President, to a bill. It represents a spirit of exclusion, re­ hearings, and that the material we have deliberative body. However, the pend­ strictions, and discriminations. submitted has been copied from the tes­ ing bill is the result of study on the part PETER P. YOLLES, timony they gave there. However, the of those who are devoted to the institu­ President. same Senator has said that we did not tions of the United States of America. Mr. President, I also hold in my hand read the hearings. No one will say with any degree of sin­ a telegram, dated May 7, addressed to I say that an argument of the sort cerity that the Judiciary Committee of me by Rt. Rev. Msgr. F. F. Burant, Pres­ which has been made-in other words, the United States Senate, composed of ident of the Polish Immigration Com­ charges that we have not read the bill 13 able Senators, is not devoted in its mittee, 25 St. Marks Place, New York or the hearings or have not studied the heart to Americanism and to the welfare City. The telegram reads as follows: bill or the hearings or do not compre­ hend them-is beneath the dignity of of our Nation. NEW YORK, N. Y., May 7, 1952. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, this body. during the colloquy between myself and Senate Office Building, I assume that the Senator from Ne­ the Senator from Nevada, I brought to Washington, D. C.: vada has read the speeches which have the attention of the Senate a letter The pending McCarran immigration and been made in opposition to his bill. which I have received from the National naturalization bill reflects a policy of ex­ Likewise, he should assume that Sen­ Council of Jewish women, of New York clusion and restrictions foreign to the Am-er· ators of reasonable intellect have read lean traditions. Thousands of freedom-lov­ City. The letter is signed by Mrs. Elsie ing people who survived Hitler's tyranny or the bill he has prepared. Elfenbein, executive director. I wish to have escaped from Communist oppression Furthermore, the Senator from Ne­ read the letter to the Senate and to call will be waiting for decades and face addi­ vada seems to have closed his ears to attention to a certain paragraph con­ tional obstacles; in seeking asylum in free any remarks he did not wish to hear. tained in it: and democratic America. During the debate today, I read three or NATIONAL COUNCIL OF We ask your support for bipartisan Leh­ four excerpts from the address I made JEWISH WOMEN, !NC., man-Humphrey bill (S. 2842) providing the to the Senate yesterday-excerpts in New York, N. Y., May 14, 1952. pooling of unused quotas, relaxing r~trictive which I referred to our understanding The Honorable HUBERT H. HUMPHREY. deportation conditions and reflecting the hu­ man and liberal approach to the immigra­ of the hearings, and stated that the United States Senate, committee had given long and serious Washington, D. C. tion problems. The bill provides the neces­ DEAR SENATOR HUMPHREY: This is to con­ sary safeguards and will strengthen our po­ consideration to the subject of immigra­ firm our telephone conversation with regard sition in the struggle against Communist tion policy. I also pointed out quite to the position of the National Council of aggression. carefully that we must be careful, how­ Jewish Women on the immigation bill, S. Rt. Rev. Msgr. F. F. BURANT, ever, lest our gratitude and appreciation 2550, now under consideration by the Senate. President of the Polish Immigration of the work that has been done "mislead On Tuesday, May 13, the Honorable PAT Committee. _ us into enacting policy legislation which McCARRAN, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Mr. President, I submit the letter and would be detrimental to the best inter­ Committee read in the RECORD an excerpt ests of the United States, and which from my testimony. By quoting a few sen­ the two telegrams for the RECORD. tences out of context, Senator McCARRAN I have listened with keen interest to would run counter to the democratic tra­ created an inaccurate impression of the posi­ the Senator from Nevada, and I listened ditions of our Government." tion of the National Council of Jewish with a sensitive ear to his remarks, be­ I repeat that it is one thing to hold Women. cause throughout the debate he has said hearings and another thing to report While the quotation was from my state­ that the opponents of the pending bill a bill which may meet with satisfaction ment and accurate, it was a minor and in­ have not even read it. Yet, Mr. Presi­ on the part of this body. I have had the troductory portion of a total statement, the major part of which was critical of many dent, strange as it may seem, the Senator good fortune-and the unhappy for­ provisions of the bill. The selectivity of my from Nevada said that 85 percent of the tune-of ha\ring bills reported by com­ testimony at no time implied endorsement Humphrey-Lehman bill was copied from mittees of which I was a member re­ of the provisions in the bill not touched the McCarran bill. Certainly we could jected by the Senate and also of hav­ upon by me. not have copied the Mc Carran bill if we ing other bills passed by the Senate. The complete and honest facts a.re as fol­ had not read it. Certainly, Mr. Presi­ Upon what basis were some of them lows: The National Council of Jewish Women dent, the kind of double talk which has issued a public statement in support of the rejected? On the basis that certain Humphrey-Lehman bill and has issued state­ occurred during this debate is unbecom· Members of the Senate-a majority­ ments in criticism of the bill now pending ing to the Senate. thought the conclusions were wrong. before the Senate. The fact of the matter is that not only There are a number of us who think I would appreciate it very much if you did we read the bill, but we found within that certain conclusions in the McCarran could read this letter into the RECORD so that it many provisions which-not being bill, certain policy affirmations, are the RECORD will be very clear as to the position dogmatic or doctrinaire-we accepted, wrong and would prove injurious. of the National Council of Jewish Women inasmuch as we thought they were good. with regard to the pending immigration leg­ Furthermore, Mr. President, I am islation. On the other hand, we made amend­ somewhat alarmed at the continuous Respectfully yours, ments to or changes in provisions of the reference by the Senator from Nevada ELSIE ELFENBEIN, McCarran bill which we thought were to the Communist Daily Worker. I have Executive Director. retrogressive or too restrictive or unfair sent to my office for material. I will now or inoperative. That is exactly what Mr. President, at this time I also wish show the Senator from Nevada that not one does in proceeding to draw up a sub· only is the Senator from Minnesota not to read to the Senate a telegram which stitute proposal. I have received from Mr. Peter P. Yolles, the friend of the Communist Daily president of the Polish Language Press It is on that basis· that I think the Worker but that the Senator from Min­ of America. The telegram reads as remarks of the Senator from Nevada nesota has been the victim of a brutal have proved to his own satisfaction that and vicious attack on the part of the follows: all the charges he has made about our NEW YORK, N. Y., May 7, 1952, Communist Daily Worker. I have in my Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, alleged failure to read the McCarran bill hand many, many of the photostatic _ Senate Office Bui lding, are fallacious, for he himself has said copies of the Daily Worker, of publica­ Washington, D. C.: that 85 percent of the so-called Humph­ tions of the Communist-front organiza­ Associated Polish Language Press of Amer­ hey-Lehman bill was copied from the tions and of certain Communist-domi­ ica urge you to support and vote for human McCarran bill; and I repeat that not nated unions, and these particular docu­ and liberal immig1·ation bipartisan measure even Houdini himself could copy with­ s. 2842, sponsored by LEHMAN-HUMPHREY. ments tell a rather revealing story. For This bill will guarantee basic principles out seeing. exaJmple, I am sure the Senator from fostering Christian and democratic attitude Furthermore, Mr. President, the chair­ Nevada would like to know that one of toward immigration. man of the Judiciary Committee has the Communist-front papers, known as 5332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 16 the March of Labor, has an article en­ or more of the well-founded complaints uralization in this country. We were titled "Senator Humbug," referring to we have made against this bill. He has proud, we said at that time, to number none other than the Senator from Min­ said that our substitute includes 85 per­ among our citizens persons of Filipino nesota. cent of his measure. He then reverses birth and race. When the Philippines Then there is one from what is known himself and says, "Of course, the spon­ became an independent republic in 1946, as the Union, which is a publication re­ sors of the Humphrey-Lehman bill never we granted that country an annual im­ flecting the Communist Party line. It read the McCarran bill." I leave that to migration quota of 100, and the Philip­ says, "Who's this guy HUMPHREY?" It stand on its own. If that is an argument, pines, along with India and China re­ takes four pages and proceeds to take believe me, Mr. President, then I want to main to this date the only countries in the junior Senator from Minnesota apart say that argument in the Senate has the Orient which have immigration in the old, inimitable style of the Com­ sunk to a new low. quotas and whose citizens are eligible for munist press. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I am naturaliza tion. Likewise, in the Daily Worker of very sorry that the Senator from Nevada But when we granted Indians and Chi­ Wednesday, March 26-the Daily Worker has left the Chamber before we could nese the right of naturalization in 1944 did not want to miss saying a few unkind make reply to some of his statements. and 1945 Congress did provide that per­ words about the junior Senator from We tried to interrogate him, and he did sons born in other countries of Chinese Minnesota-there is an article under the respond in one or two instances, after and Indian ancestry should be charged heading "The double game of the CIO which he requested that he not be in­ to the Chinese and Indian quotas rather heads and HUMPHREY." They are terrogated further. than to the quotas of the lands of their against both the CIO and HUMPHREY. I desire to point out, Mr. President, actual birth. No such discriminatory I welcome their opposition. that the Senator from Nevada made provision was, of course, enacted in the The Daily Worker for March 21 like­ much of the stand of an organization case of the Filipino people. wise has a little article entitled "The called the Filipino Federation of Ameri­ Now, today, we find that in this Mc­ Government Wants To Run Your ca. I know nothing of that organiza­ Carran bill we are going to remove ra­ Union," in which it points out that this tion. I do know, however, th,at the cial discriminations. Yes, we are going is being sparked by "the phony liberal, Philippine Government has protested, or to remove racial discrimination by es­ Senator HUMPHREY, of Minnesota," along is about to protest the effects of this tablishing new ones. The McCarran bill with Truman's man, Tobin. McCarran bill, on account of those very actually proposes in section 204 not to So I may say to my friend from Nevada provisions which do-I repeat-do dis­ remove present discrimination against that if being opposed by the Daily Worker criminate against Orientals. Chinese and Indians, but rather to go in and the Communists is any credential One of the aspects of this bill, brought the opposite direction and to include for one's patriotism and the advocacy of out for the first time in the course of Filipinos in the discriminations now ap­ good legislative proposals, we are on even the current debate, is the fact that the plicable only to Chinese and Indians. ground. I may say, however, that, in McCarran bill would create a new and As the whole concept of the Asiatic­ my opinion, the argument about where unjustifiable discrimination against the Pacific triangle and the charging of per­ the Communist Daily Worker stands is Philippine Nation and the Filipino peo­ sons of Asiatic blood-whatever that is­ utterly worthless and should have no ple. I was shocked to find, as a result of against quotas of their racial ancestry place in the Senate. The sooner we start our further study and discussion of this is in itself an abomination, so this spe­ to legislate without reference to the bill, that the McCarran proposal takes cial discrimination against Filipinos is Daily Worker and what the Communists away from the Philippine Republic its a special abomination. Not only will it think, the better of! we will be. present status as the one nation in the affront all the people of the Phllippines As a matter of fact, the Communist Orient against which no discrimination in principle, but it will also in effect re­ Daily Worker has had no kind words to is practiced under our present laws. duce the Philippine quota. It will re­ say about the Humphrey-Lehman bill Of course, this special status results duce that quota by the number of per­ or about its sponsors; indeed, the Com­ from and is a recognition of the fact sons born in England, Mexico, China, or munist press has viciously attacked the that the Philippines occupies a special other countries who are of Philippine de­ sponsors of that measure. So let us put status both in legal fact and in the af· scent and who are admitted to the this false Commie issue where it be­ f ections of the American people. United States. This is an unnecessary longs-in the gutter. Distortion does The Philippine Republic is America's and unjustifiable affront to the Philip­ not belong in the Senate of the United godchild. It is the representative of pines. It is an injury to the Philip­ States. Let us argue then about this America and of democracy in the Pa­ pines. Filipinos who come to this coun­ bill on its merits; and that is exactly cific and in the Far East. We launched try from the Philippines, in the major­ what those who are opposing the bill are the Philippine Republic upon its inde­ ity of cases, send remittances back home. attempting to do. pendent ways. It is something of which These remittances are an important fac­ The argument of the chairman of the we are justly proud and for which we tor in the economy of the Philippines. . Judiciary Committee has not been on the have taken and received due credit in It has been estimated, for instance, merits of this bill; it has been along the the world. The Philippine Government that the Filipinos now living in America line that, somehow or other, the oppo­ and the institutions of the Philippine from the single Province of Illocano in nents of the bill are, apparently, legis­ Republic are prototypes and carbon the Philippines remit to their relatives latively illiterate, or have not read the copies of those in the United States. in that province about $20,000,000 a year. bill, or have not comprehended it, or The Filipino people were American na­ That is of tremendous assistance to the that they find themselves in bed with tionals for 50 years. That country was Philippines. It helps make closer the the Communists. If that were so, the our ward and we were its guardian for already close ties between the United bed would be pretty crowded. 50 years. States and the Philippines. It helps The RECORD will speak for itself. The In the dark days of 1942 when our support and promote the economy of the RECORD of today and of the days that forces were being pressed and harried Philippines, which it is to our para­ have passed during this week will indi­ in the Pacific and our Army under Gen­ mount interest to promote and support. cate that today for the first time-for the eral MacArthur was being overwhelmed This new discrimination in the McCar­ first time since last Friday-the chair­ by the superior forces of the Japanese ran bill can easily contaminate the whole man of the Judiciary Committee, with Empire, the Filipino people remained fabric of our relations with the Philip­ the exception of his opening remarks staunch and true to us. Their soldiers pines. It can breed such resentment when he presented his own bill, has fought side by side with our soldiers, and against us as no amount of mutual se­ joined the debate; but in joining the de­ in greater numbers, through the hell and curity assistance or Voice of America bate he has not discussed with us certain flre of Bataan and Corregidor. broadcasts can overcome. questions relating to the quota system; During the dark days, when we were I trust and hope that this provision, he has not discussed any of the questions sending daily messages of encouragement along with all the others that have been we raised in reference to deportation; to the Filipino people and daily mes­ discussed, will further prove the urgent nor has he discussed the provisions of his sages of gratitude to the Filipino troops necessity of recommitting the McCar­ bill which have to do with the denatural­ on Bataan, the Congress enacted the ·ran bill. ization of American citizens. He has re~ bill which removed Filipinos from the Mr. President, I desire to make it clear fused to come to grips with half a dozen list of oriental people ineligible for nat- that we do not believe that discrimina- 1.95~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5333 tion such as is proposed in the McCar­ The America of today was built only yes­ From the very bottom of our hearts we ran bill is justified against any people terday.· We are a. young nation. Ours is a earnestly plead with every Member of the country which was built, in a. very large United States Senate to vote down the Mc­ on the face of the earth. Certainly the measure, by the many millions of sons and Carran measure. Look twice and think provision affecting the Filipinos urgently daughters, men and women, who came to thrice before you vote. It is better to have needs further consideration, for if it is our shores and poured in to the building of no new legislation-if it is to be worse legis­ not settled properly, it will do us an in­ our new nation their talents, their skills, lation like the McCarran measure. It is, of describable amount of harm in the their energy, their inspiration, their hope, course, best to have good and better legisla­ Orient. their very heart, head, and soul. tion like the Humphrey-Lehman bill for That is how America became great and which we solicit your full support. We hope Mr. President, I have received a letter grew strong. That is how America became and pray that you will render a distinct dated May 12, 1952, from Fortune Pope, prosperous. We want America to continue service to the Nation-a service which the publisher, of Il Progresso Italo-Ameri­ to grow and prosper. The McCarran bill voters of our count;.ry will actively appreciate cano, which I should like to read: would, in effect, deny our country the main and approve in November. IL PROGRESSO ITALO-AMERICANO, stream of the very talent and capacity which New York, N. Y., May 12, 1952. have given to our people the Toscaninis, the Mr. President, I yield the :floor. Hon. HEBERT H. LEHMAN, Fermis, the Einsteins, and the Sikorskys. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Sen ate Office Buildi ng, In view of the present world crisis, it is is open to amendment. Washington, D. C. folly to continue a law which allots a country Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, it is DEAR SENATOR LEHMAN: Since the Walter like Italy, suffering from overpopulation like my understanding that the junior Sen­ other central, eastern, and southern Euro­ omnibus bill was passed by the House and ator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER] its companion bill (the McCarran omnibus pean nations, an annual quota of 7,000, wishes to speak upon this measure. He bill) , has emerged on the Senate floor, our while Britain, which has a vast empire teem­ newspaper has received a tremendous amount ing with natural resources, is permitted an stepped out of the Chamber for a mo­ of m ail, all in protest against this unfair annual allotment of 65,000. This patent dis­ ment. I am ready to speak if he does legislat ion. · crimination gives force to the arguments of not appear, but in view of the heavy The enclosed editorial reflects not only our those who accuse us of preaching high demo­ schedule which we have had and the own feelings in regard to immigration but cratic ideals and doing exactly the opposite. heavy schedule which faces us, I shall the sentiments of our readers from all parts We denounce all racialistic theories in our be very glad to yield the floor in order of the country. For the record I am sending immigration laws. To make matters worse that the Senator from Tennessee may you a copy of the editorial which we are Britain uses only a small part of its annual quota. deliver his speech to the Senate and to publishing in Il Progresso Tuesday, May the people. I notice the Senator from 13. I sincerely hope it will receive your care­ The quota for Italy, Mr. President, is Tennessee is now in the Chamber. ful consideration. less than one-third of the annual quota AMERICA'S FAITH-A REPORT TO THE NATION It is our considered judgment that the which is allowed Great Britain. McCarran bill should be recommitted and Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, dur­ that the alternative Humphrey-Lehman b11l I read further from the editorial: be given a fair hearing by the Judiciary Com­ The McCarran bill bans all possibility of ing the past few months I have talked mittee. our Nation using up the unfilled quotas. face to face with thousands of Ameri­ We trust you share this view and wish you cans in almost all the States of the every success in this crucial year. That is what we are trying to prevent Union. I have talked with farmers, and Cordially, in the Humphrey-Lehman bill. lumberjacks, miners, and steelworkers, FORTUNE POPE, Why all this haste? Why the rush to jam teachers, railroad men, auto workers, and Publisher. through this thoroughly unsatisfactory housewives. I have talked with men of measure? Rather than pass such bad legis­ every creed and every race. - And I should like to read the editorial re­ lation as the McCarran bill, the Senate would through all this marvelous diversity of f erred to in the letter, Mr. President. It be well advised to have no new immigration our country, I have seen something one is not very long. It is entitled "Not Yet legislation at all during this session. But the Senate does have before it a very sound can never forget. I have seen Americans Too Late." united in a common faith. NOT YET Too LATE and just measure--the Humphrey-Lehman bill. If our legislative salons are determined I have seen in their faces and felt in With all the force at our command we to act on some immigration legislation, let their handclasp the faith of Washington, have fought against the discriminatory Mc­ them vote intelligently and adopt this meas• Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevel~the Carran immigration bill. We have firmly ure instead. urged and continue to urge all our readers, faith that American courage and Amer­ We find it very hard to believe that the ican know-how can lick any problem all their friends, and all public-spirited most powerful upper legislative chamber in Americans to plead with their Senators to the democratic world will enact a bill which that faces us. vote against the McCarran bill. We have slams the door in the face of the potential Listening to some of the frightened done so and shall continue to do so because and valuable immigration from the Latin, voices here in Washington, one might we are deeply convinced that this is an un­ Slavic and Semitic strains. We find it very think that the American people are fear­ American bill. bard to believe that any self-respecting Sen.. It is an un-American bill, because, if ful and terrified of all the new gains we ator will take seriously the argument in be­ have made in the last 20 years, fright­ enacted into law, the present immigration half of the McCarran measure that it renders policy of our Nation would take a sharp turn justice to possible future immigrants from ened about labor unions, about creep­ for the worse instead of being improved, as it Asia. The token quotas, the insignificantly ing socialism in the form of social secu­ urgently must be. small number allowed for the Asian nationals rity, price controls, wage-and-hour leg­ It is an un-American bill, because it is in is only another insult to their rising national islation, public housing, TVA, income direct conflict with the very spirit of the pride and spirit of independence. taxes. But the people I have been talk­ freedom, humaneness, and justice that have And why the vile proposal to make our ing with are not hiding or running from made our country the hope of the world, the foreign population easy targets for deporta­ their shadows when the dispensers of fortress of liberty, and the mortal enemy of tion and a helpless prey of unscrupulous tyranny, persecution, and injustice. bureaucrats armed with arbitrary, so-called hate and fear pull out the scare words. It is an un-American bill because lt puts discretionary authority and power to deport Throughout America the pressing our country in a bad light before other na­ individuals? We are pained and puzzled. question is: How do we move forward? tions. Indeed, 1f the McCarran bill were Given such unbounded authority, high­ Americans are not afraid, for example, ever to become law, the United States would, handed government agents might even order of being overrun by immigrants from, for millions of people overseas, no longer be the deportation of a foreign-born resident say, Lithuania, if we pool unused immi­ the historic haven for the oppressed but a for violation of some unimportant municipal gration quotas. Americans are in no veritable iron-curtain land. or civil statute dealing with parking regula­ We found that the National Catholic Wel­ tions. mood to chisel out the words from the fare Conference, in its testimony before the This is no way to keep Communists out of base of the Statue of Liberty. Senate Judiciary Committee, concurred in our country. Through the McCarran meas­ Traditional American hospitality to­ our opposition to the McCarran bill. Other ure, Communists the world over will be ward new faces and new ideas is a pre­ organizations, such as the American Bar As­ armed with arguments against our country­ cious part of our way of life. It has sociation, the Anti-Defamation League, the against America as the world leader- of the kept us in the forefront of progress for A. F. of L. and the CIO and a score of other forces of freedom.' This is no way to unify nearly two centuries. Throughout this leading civic, church, and labor groups were our. Nation. Totalitarian uniformity based critical of the McCarran bill. · on the Nazi-like concept of racial superiority 'period there have been frightened souls The America of tomorrow is bein·g built and the practice of racialist discrimination is who wanted to repeal those particular today. We want no d angerous flaws in our not synonymous with but is the very opposite centuries and choke o:fI all progress, and building. of genuine democratic unity. always these frighten·ed souls have 5334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_ SENATE May 16

~ wanted to cut down immigration and hand on to our children a better coun­ was not able to do so, and there are no deport Americans of foreign birth. try than the world has ever seen before, more speakers ready to proceed. Thirty years ago these benevolent but in any age, on any continent. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, the frightened men and women were es­ That, at least, is one American's Senator from New York referred to there pecially worried about immigration from faith-it is my faith. being two representatives of the minority southern and eastern Europe. Seventy Mr. President, in addition to its gen­ party present. I wish to say that al­ years ago they were worried about im­ eral provisions, there is one provision of though there are but two present at the migration from China. A hundred this bill which I desire to mention par­ moment, they are very able representa­ years ago the same fears were expressed ticularly. We found recently, as set tives of the minority. They are the pres­ about the immigration of the un­ forth in the report of the Crime Investi­ ent Presiding Officer, the Senator from screened ancestors of some of my most gating Committee, that there were pro­ Idaho [Mr. WELKER] and the Senator distinguished colleagues who came from visions of law requiring that a person from New Hampshire, a more humble Ireland and Germany. When that fear be convicted of two felonies before he representative. We are present. took form in the anti-immigrant Know­ could be deported from the United Mr. LEHMAN. I realize that. I am Nothing movement, Abraham Lincoln States. The committee recommended very glad indeed to note that they are wrote on August 24, 1855: that conviction of one felony, plus a in the Chamber. As a nation we began by declaring that :finding by the Attorney General that Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I "all men are created equal." When the there was no liklihood of the person be­ am sorry that I was delayed by a tele­ Know-Nothings get control, it will read "all coming a good citizen, should be suffi­ phone call. I do not think it advisable men are created equal, except Negroes and cient for purposes of deportation. to try to obtain a quorum at this time. foreigners, and Catholics." When it comes to this, I shall prefer emigrating to some However, as I understand, the pending I think it would require some time to country where they make no pretense of bill goes much further and provides that obtain a quorum. loving liberty-to Russia, for instance, where if a person is convicted of any kind of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does depotism can be taken pure, and without crine, he may be deported. the Senator from New York yield the the base alloy of hyrocrisy. Another provision designates the At­ floor? torney General as the over-all judge of Mr. LEHMAN. Of course. I simply That is a quotation from a letter to whether a person is or is not entitled to put that question up to the majority Joshua Speed. citizenship, or is or is not entitled to leader. Today all these old fears and hatreds remain in the country, depending upon a have been tied together in a single pacl{­ finding as to whether the person is a LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM age and labeled an "Omnibus Immigra­ good citizen. Of course, that is nothing tion Bill." I do not know of any bill Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, it like what the Crime Investigating Com­ is now 10 minutes after 5, on Friday. before Congress today which would do mittee recommended. That committee more to undermine American unity at We did not give notice of a late session recommended that the laws be tightened today. However, I do not want the Sen­ a time when our unity, standing above up, but not to such an extent as is all divisions of ancestry, creed, and oc­ here proposed. ate to take this as a precedent for next cupation, is the basis of our safety and Friday. our hope for the future. I do not know I feel that the pending bill, in the I cannot emphasize too strongly that of any bill which would do more to in­ eyes of hundreds of millions of people, the Senate will have to work long hours spire bigotry. Two months ago, on would certainly do much damage to our in the weeks ahead. I want Senators to March 13, 1952, I filed a dissenting re­ Nation and to the world. It would pro­ govern themselves accordingly, and to be port on S. 2550, along with the Senator vide a large amount of propaganda to present and ready to vote. The trouble the Communists at a time when we is that when I call attention to such mat­ from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE], the should be denying them such ammu­ Senator from Washington [Mr. MAGNU­ nition. ters, I am lecturing only those who are SON], and the Senator from North Da­ faithful. kota [Mr. LANGER] which said: I was very happy to join the Senator Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the from New York [Mf. LEHMAN] and the Senator yield? The accession and Americanizing of free­ Senator from Minnesota [Mr. HuM­ dom-loving peoples is the firmest founda­ Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. tion of our national strength. PHREYJ in sponsorship of a bill which I Mr. LEHMAN. I merely wish to say A nation like ours, built by men of many think is fair and would improve the im­ that I fully sympathize with the position races and creeds, cannot discriminate against migration system of the United States. of the majority leader. So far as I am any of these races or creeds, upon penalty However, if that bill is not to be passed, concerned-and I think I can speak for of sowing the seeds of division at home and I believe the omnibus bill should be re­ some of my associates--we are perfectly hostility abroad. committed to the Judiciary Committee willing to continue this session, provided Each of these principles is challenged for further study, because to me it is in­ our colleagues in the Senate are present by essential provisions of S. 2550. conceivable that the Senate of the Instead of strengthening our national se­ in the Chamber. I very much doubt United States, by the passage of the whether a quorum could be obtained eurity and demonstrating to the world pending bill, would want to do harm to through our immigration laws that we be­ within any reasonable time. If it is the lieve in the democracy which we preach, the our foreign policy, injustice to many desire of the majority leader, I am per­ proposed measure would exclude many aliens people of foreign ancestry who live here, fectly willing, of course, to suggest the who would be stanch defenders of our and inequity to many people whom we absence of a quorum. The point I am American way of life, would invoke a racially should like to have come to this country. trying to make is that I think there discriminatory ancestry test for the issu­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, of should be equality of sacrifice. If we are ance of quota visas, and finally would at­ course, we have four or five votes on our tempt to protect this country from sub­ to remain constantly on the floor, other versives and other undesirable persons by side of the Chamber, and there being Members of the Senate should also be techniques which themselves are closely akin only two votes on the other side we on the floor, or available. to totalitarianism. would be perfectly willing to have the Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I question put, but we realize that that do not call it a sacrifice to attend sessions These principles I have repeatedly re­ would be neither fair, just, nor sound. affirmed, and in every part of America, of the Senate. I learn more on the floor We do not care to continue to talk to of the Senate than anywhere else. I when I have done so, they have aroused empty chairs. Speakers on our side think the distinguished Senator from a sympathetic response. The men and have held the floor for a very long time, women I have been meeting with are not New York should correct his statement. and we are perfectly willing that a re­ Mr. LEHMAN. I stand corrected. I in a mood to be stampeded by the pur­ cess be taken now, if that is agreeable. veyors of fear, hatred, and dissension. certainly have enjoyed my service in the I have not been able to contact the ma­ Senate. I have learned more in the Sen­ We are still a pioneer people. The jority leader. ate than I ever expected to learn during wilderness has no terrors for us, as it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma­ the remainder of my life. had no terrors for our pioneer ancestors. jority leader is in the Chamber now. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, may I Even the wilderness of international law­ Mr. LEHMAN. We are willing to have ask the Senator from Arizona a ques­ lessness and crime syndicates and prej­ a recess taken, or to have a quorum tion in order to clarify the situation for udice and bigotry will clear away under called, whichever suits the majority Members on this side of the aisle? the ax of new pioneers, and we will leader. I tried to contact him, but I Mr. McFARLAND. Certainly. 1.952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 53?.5 Mr. BRIDGES. I understand that the EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED IN THE ARMY mutual security bill will be considered in The PRESIDING OFFICER

To be first lieutenants John C. Turner, Jr., 01915230. Charles R. Heller, 02200268. Lawrence W. Caruthers, JAGC, 0511603. Nicholas W. Van Leeuwen, 02042067. Dwight 0 . Henderson, 01338950. James E. Cassidy, DC, 0978773. William W. Walker III, 02003954. Lloyd E. Holmes. Thomas E. Cole, JAGC, 0961387. The following-named persons for appoint­ Arthur C. Hounshell, Jr., 02203208. Richard A. Cook, MSC, 0945465. ment in the Regular Army of the United LeRoy House, 02211136. William E. Davis, MC, 0995074. States, in the grades specified, under the William K. Hunzeker, 01874182. James T. Flanagan, JAGC, 0993452. provisions of section 506 of the Officer Per­ Gordon R. Irwin, 0985741. Donald L. Grieme, MC, 01921103. sonnel Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Marvin L. Jackson, 0969950. Kenneth A. Howard, JAGC, 0995746. Cong.), subject to physical qualification: Kenneth F. Jansen, 0958636. - Ernest L. Hunter, DC, 0975786. To be first lieutenants John R. Jefferson, 0962550. Robert D. Jeronimus, DC, 01051210. John E. Kelley, 0 2206983. Milton J. Knapp, DC, 0989454. William W. Beckett, 0957815. Victor J . Kelly, 0974397. Robert P. Moss, Jr., DC, 01736180. Earnest W. Deadwyler, 0960726. James D. Kennedy, 0972918. Robert H. Quinn, MC, 0424480. Robert L. Gilmore, 02208438. J ames E. Kennedy, 01119978. Billy W. Rosser, VC, 0976547. Henry S. Grill, 02204151. John W. Kiely, 01328268. Frederick J. Sheffield, MC, 01922241. Albert H . Hanger, 0960311. J ack P . Kirtland, 02003078. Burgess A. Smith, MC, 0976323. William P. Hanrahan, Jr., 0948033. Vincent J. Klaus, 0985601. Francis L. Thomas, VC, 01735890. Howard W. Kayner, 0956140. John H. G . Lake, 02209088. Charles E. Turner, DC, 0448855. Emil L. Konopnicki, 01341796. Edwin G. Laub, Jr., 02209701. Robert K. Mayne, 02200507. To be second lieutenants Ronald A. Liston, 0973054. Jack G. Morrow, 02039321. Walter E. Little, 02200723. Willa J. Alie, WMSC, R2592. Nick J. Nikas, 0557099. Charles R. Livington, 02204656. Marilyn J. Anderson, WMSC, M2884. Harold I. Pitchford, 0934283. Warren J. Lodge 01876329. Theodora V. Anuskewicz, WMSC, M2883. Henry J. Polichnowski, 02208203. Richard M. Love, 0964661. Joan A. Barnes, WMSC, M2899. John B. Riordan, 0 2210109. George W. Luce, Jr., 02203273. Eugene B. Blair, MSC, 01055535. James T. Lundy, 0980753. Mary L. Blundell, WMSC, R2594. To be second lieutenants Charles B. Ablett, 01648937. Raymond Marsh, Jr., 01559224. Dorothy L. Boland, WMSC, R2589. Alfred B. McCarthy, 0970940. R ita M. Bridenhagen, WMSC, JlOOll 7. Irving J. Aden, Jr., 0970469. Erwin F. Albrecht, Jr., 0957463. Joe E. McConnell, 02207122. Herbert E. Christensen, MSC, 01186350. Purdy B. McLeod, Jr., 0969250. Doris V. Cobleigh, WMSC, M2896. William M. Allen, 01918425. Dee R. Anderson, 0977304. Charles R. Mesnier, 02209270. Jean M. Cook, WMSC, M2888. William C. Miles, 02033777. Mary E. Cotter, WMSC, R2591. James R. Anderson, 0972105. Arthur R. Baker, 02209995. James C. Miller, 02203567. Althea J . Floy, WMSC, J100119. John W. Mitchell, 02205462. P aul M. Foley, MSC, 0989371. Milton S. Baker, 02205860. William R. Baldwin, 02201268. Henry L. Montgomery, 01642397. Barbara E. Ford, WMSC, M2885. William C. Mundorf, 01331541. Doris M. Fredricksen, WMSC, R2578. Jack B . Bellomo, Jr., 02204201. Kurt Beran, 02203946. John J. Nienstadt, 0966312. Delma G. George, WAC., Ll010187. Paul R. Palmer, 02202371. Donald Hernandez, MSC, 0956458. Richard H . Bergstrom, 0971170. Jean C. Paquin, 0960778. William D. Boggs, 0972167. Adam F. Hoefling, MSC, 01333816. Rulon C. Paramore. 02210969. Robert M. Hubbard, MSC, 0983264. Theodore H. Bouchelle, 0972733. John R. Bridges, 02203752. Monte I. Peterson, 0985249. Ruth E. Kabeiseman, WMSC, R2588. Jack H. Place, 02202314. John P. Broderick, 0982825. Josephine C. King, WMSC, R2580. John E. Place, 0974195. Lawrence E. Butler, 02204756. Julia J. Kula,,. . MSC, R2590. John E. Price, Jr. Edward W. Cannon, 0959044. Elizabeth L. Lambertson, WMSC, M2893. William F. Rawley, Sr., 0554162. Burton D. Carter, Jr., 02209781. Eleanor A. Love, WMSC, R2582. James L . Reagor, 01878924. Frank C. Casillas, 01913206. S arah A. Mathews, WMSC, Jl00116. Frank A. Reilly, 02200369. Ermenia J. Nesci, WMSC, R2584. Omar D. cauby, Jr., 01918373. Grover C. Childe,rs, 0970466. Delzie C. Revels, 0948089. Elizabeth M. Osborne, WMSC, M2897. Marvin G. Rist, 01861896. Patricia A. Parker, WMSC, R2593. John C. Childers, Jr., 0959148. William C. Roege, Jr., 0964292. Seth T. Reese, Jr., MSC, 0986130. Gerald S. Clark, 02203534. Raymond G. Clark, Jr., 0978742. James R. Ross, 0982541. Cora D . Reynolds, WMSC, M2900. Fred C. Roth, 0985231. Nancy J. Riviere, WMSC, M2886. William J. Cochran, 01878926. Benjamin Rush III, 02020347. Charles E . Sagner, Jr., MSC, 02049921. Jimmy Coffey, 0975042. Harry K. Russell, 02211199. Robert M. Shaw, Jr., MSC, 0988016. Donald M. Conroy, 01918451. Robert L. Taylor, MSC, 0987466. Edward R. Conway, 0 2200922. - Norman D. Schanche, 0986664. Vernon G. Schieffer, 0965031. Herbert J. Thompson, MSC, 0982663. Harold T. Cornelius, 01335240. Patricia Wakefield, WMSC, M2895. Carlisle B. Cox, Jr., 01336767. Oreste S. Sciascia, 0971269. Ralph J. Walsh, MSC, 01181182. Joice 0. Cox, Jr., 02206310. Joseph J . Scott, Jr., 0970977. Frances Weir, WAC, Ll010218. Clifford E. Cross, 02206645. Stewart Shirey, 0967723. Mary F. Westhoven, WMSC, M2891. John M. Cuphey, 01340990. Richard H. Shuford, Jr., 0969185. P atricia A. Winn, WMSC, M2890. James W. Curtis, Jr., 01340057. Frank R . Simmons, 0954937. Ken A. Davis, 02102213. Herbert H. Smith, 0956587. 'l'he following-named persons for appoint­ William G. Deaton, 02206284. Claude S . Sparks, Jr., 0947717. ment in the Medical Corps, Regular Army of Leonard A. DeBord, 01879021. Donald I. Spencer, 02003278. the United Stat es in the grade of first lieu­ William A. DeLoach, 02205804. Milton T. Spencer, 02204720. tenant, under the provisions of section 506 Daniel H. Dietrich, Jr., 0972742. Mebane G. Stafford, 02206440. of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public John L. Dumas, 02201223. Leon B. Stayton, Jr., 0972895. Law 381, 80th Cong.). subject to completion D orman L. Duncan, Jr., 01874170. Phillip H. Stevens, 0957294. of internship, and subject to phygical quali­ Malcolm A. Sussel, 0974706. fication: Edgar W. Duskin, 0959137. D avid M. Ellis, 0973156. Claude B. Sutton, Jr., 02002750. Robert V. Anderson, 01873494. E 0arl Emmons, 0967460. Jerome Svigals, 0961424. Silas M. B abin, Jr.• 0 996209. Angel Escribano-Aponte, 01685755. Sidney M. Swarts, 01876372. Vincent K. Cutshall, 02103382. John F. Fitzsimons, 01913032. Rudolph M. Tamez, 0971631. Robert E. Feighny, 02103385. Herbert A. Fleck, 02202935. Robert W. Tart, Jr., 0971583. George P. Foley, 0547769. John Fontana, 02210230. Don C. Taylor, 02201264. Raymond W. Gibbs, 0439331. Dennis L . Forbes, 0970633. George 0. Taylor, Jr., 02205157. Charles C. Henriques, 0982200. Douglas E. Fox, 02209943. Stewart F. Taylor , 02041843. Wilton N. Jones, · 01338099. Daniel W. French, 0 2210977. Constantine Thomas, 0984932. Clifford C. Lardinois, Sr., 02103401. Harry W. F rench, 02202689. Charles J . Treat, 02210244. George L. LeBeau, Jr., 0996212. Horace W. George, Jr., 0 2203105. William G. Trigg, Sr., 01913380. Philip J . H. Lee, 0996:;: 22. William S . Gillilland, 0988149. R ice T. Trolan, 0986201. Bert G. Leigh, 01119327. Arthur J. Gow, 0 2201191. Alfred T. Tudor, Jr., 01924900. Robert V. Locke, 02041850. E arly Griffin, 0975729. Karl H. Van D 'Elden, 0961563. Thomas E. Mattingly, Jr., 01643104. Jack P. Grisham, 098!619. Robert H. Vereen, 0975047. Charles 0. Onstead, Jr., 0996213. E arl R. Gross, 01170397. James B. Walker, 02206452. Merle C. Page, 02103390. Carrol W. Guth, 01337295. Thomas I. Walker, 02205161. James P . Richardson, 0440931. Earl H. Hale, Jr., 0970488. James F. Weaver, 02209299. Lewis W. Shankel, 01895823. Benjamin M. Hamilton, 02204610. Robert M. Weaver, 01915182. Thomas W . Sheehy, 01546876. Harold D. Harris, Jr., 02104101. John B. Webb, 02203719. Eugene M. Socha, 0409935. John D. Hayes, 0967284. Vincent C. Werder, Jr., 01904960. William J. Toland, 01915242. Marcus D. Hays, 0982878. Bruce R. Werner, 01872816. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 533'1;

Robert E. Whitelaw, 01340965. Frederick William Baum, 023385. George Franeis Carter, 023431. Stuart F. Wilder, 021Q0977. Michael FI:ancls Bavar...,, 023117. Jack Hill Carter, 0!>2445. Don E. WUson, 022025'76. Kenneth Howard Bayer. 023551. John Heard Carter, 033174. George E. Wood, 0983505. George Jchn Bayerle, Jr., 023192. Scott Montgomery Case. 023121. Thomas G. Woods, 02051392. Robert John Beauchamp, 04!1907. Robert Campbell Cassibry, 023058. Corey J. Wright, Jr., 02209138. Charles Langworthy :Beaudry, 023077. Patrick Francis Cassidy, 03.2809. Bernard Benjamin Beck, 040481. Richard Thomas Cassidy, 0.23213. The following-named distinguished mili­ John Benjamin Beckman. 032747. William Darrel Cavness, 023489. tary student for appointment in the Regular Edward Ernest Beda, 032916. Thomas Corwin Chamberlain, 023145. Army of the United effective June States. 15, Thomas Joseph Bee, 044437. Homer Barron Chandler, Jr., 022982. 1952, in the grade of second lieutenant, under John Jacob Belser, 023025. Martin Bell Chandler, 023189. the provisions of section 506 of the Officer Olin Lee .Bell, 023119. Edwin Jackson Chatham, 052513 . . Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Armand Leo Bellavance, 040484. Wah Geung Chin, 033058. Cong.), subject to designation as a distin­ Richal'd Levin Belt, 02W53. Philip Robert Cibotti. .Jr., 023309. guished military graduate, .and subject to Nils Martin Bengtson, 029979. John Leroy Clancy, 052733. physical qualification: George Cobb Benjamin, 023422. Clarence William Clapsaddle, Jr., 022972. Amos D . Glad Donald Vivian 'Bennett., 023001. · Cuyler Llewellyn Clark, Jr., 022947. IN THE .ARMY Robert Berru.J.·d Bennett, 044977. John Baker Clark, 032695. Clark, APPOINTMENTS BY 'ERANSFER William ;John Bennett,, 023331. Leroy French Jr., 032863. Dean Martl Benson, 022991. Melvin Desmond Clark, 023550. The following-named officers for appoint­ Richard T:::.ft Benson. 052484. Carmon Lavon Clay, 032673. ment, by transfer, in the Judge Advocate Alexander Fm.lay Berol, 033000. William Loring Clay, 0230.5.9. G.meral's Corps, Regular. Army of the United Alfred Calone Bierl, 033055. Rufus James Cleghorn, 052767. States: Donald Lionel Bierman, 023175. Wallace Leo Clement, 023167. Maj. Rich&d deForest Cleverly, 021862, Max Edw.arrl Billingsley, 044631. Walter Henry Clifford, 033033. United States Army. Edward Clark Bingham, Jr• • 040471. Raymond Maurice Clock, 022.920. Ma j. R ichard Farris Ludeman, 022233, Sidney Vincent Bingham, Jr., 023269. Otto Bismru·ek Cloudt, Jr., 023462. United States Army. Charles Theodore Biswanger, Jr., 023245. Benjamine Franklin Clymer, Jr., 040495. Ca pt. John Baker, 024704. United States Edwin Fahey Black, 023012. Wendell John Coats, 022.964. Army. Kemuel K -:- yon Blacker, 0 44956. Robert Branson Cobb, 03302.5. Capt. Frank Ovid Hamilton, 024532, United Ward Truett Blacklock, 0 32899. David Gage Cogswell, 033393. Stat es Army. George Clements B lackwell, 04.0478. William Raymond Cole, 033392. Capt. Robert Francis Maguire, 037528, Jack Blades, 033082. Joseph Houghton Collart, 023447. Medical Service Corps. United States Army. Melvin Russell Blair, 033150. Alfred Collins, 04048.6. Capt. John TeSelle, 050055, United States Carl Paul .Blakely, 032870. John Edmund Collins, 023116. Army. Thomas o •connor Blakeney, 023458. Lloyd Dayton Colvin, 03.2853. PROMOTIONS Aaron Ellsworth Blewet t, 032893. Victor George Conley, .023276. The followln,g-named officers for promo­ Orville Emil .Bloch, 032736. Parker Ewan Connor, Jr., 023491. tion in the Regular Army of the United Holton .Eugene Blomgren, 044964. Thomas Marion Conover, 03302.9. States, under the provisions of .sections 502 Paul Eric Blumensaadt_, 032'727. Raymond Chandler Conroy, 033276. and 509 of the Ofil.cer Personnel Act of 1947. Carl Edward Bobo, Jr., 003164. Peter Vail Converse, 039050. All officers are subject to physical examina­ James Golden Bogle, 0!>2642. Benjamin Frederick Cook, Jr., 032801. tion requ1red by law. James Butler Bonham, 023107. Joseph Edward Cook. Jr., 032876. John Edward Boothe, Jr., 052533. Julian Aaron Cook, 023290. To be majors Jack Borden, 023306. Truman Frederiek Cook, 044727. John Edward Aber, 003097. Marcello Worthington Bordley, ~r., 044.580. John Bertram Coontz. 023319. Emory Sherwood Adams, Jr., 023235. Thomas J-ackson Bowen, 033333. Osborn Cooper, 044135. Gerard Conery Adams, 044819. Herbert Mead Bowlby, Jr., 023120. John Bangs Corbett. 023628. John Dan Adams, 033147. John Edwin .Bowman, 033211. Francis Joseph Corbin, 033399. Lewis Robert Adams, 039042. Charles Thornton Boyle, 03'3074. John Bunyan Corbly, ;Jr., 022944. Jerry Spea.rs Addington 023041. John Francis .Bradshaw, 044846. Laurence Joreph Corley. 033360. · Jorn Kenneth Addison, 044547. Robert Bruce .Braid, 032950. Everett Lawrence Cormie.r. 0329.23. Ashod Michael Ahma]an, 022900. Philip Henry Bramble, 033341. Jack Gleason Cornett, 032.972. Paul Edward Alban, 0235@0. Robert David .Branagan. 033024. Raym~nd Charil.es Costabile, 044814. James Pryse Alcorn, 044844. James Strother Brancb_, 04.0494. Darrel Gee Costello, 0.23449. Douglas Gorrie Alexander, 032927. Alfred Lincoln Brassel, 023420. Charles Harrison Costigan, 033336. James Maltbie Alexander, 033305. John ~ene Brewer, 052741. James Elwin Coulter, 033386. Urey Woodson Alexander, 022954. Robert Moore Brewer, 022975. Ray Frederick Coyle. J.r., 0.52523. John Curtis Allan, 032798. Charles Simonton Brice, Jr., 023029. Paul Craig, 052479. Charles Donald Allen, 052630. Dan Porter Briggs, 023169. George Robert Creel, Jr.• 033241. Marshall Bigelow Allen, 04:4275. Arden Chm:les Brill_, 023514. David Rockwell Crocker, 023207. Themas William Alvey, 032698. Thomas Farrar Bristol, 044459. Robert Donald Crow, 052746. John Craig Anderson, 044'768. Richard W.llson Brotherton, 0526!>8. John Harrison Crowe, 032986. Lawrence Rasmus Anderson, 040461. Boyd Ligbtfoot Brown, 033215. Francis Joseph Crown, 023031.. John :MacKellar Ansley, 039041. Charles Pershing .Brown, 023544. Paul S. Cullen, 023111. Harry Claru Archer, 044792. Earl J. Brown, 039031. Edward John Cullinan, 044604. Armour Stewart Armstrong, 044:372. Gerhard Evans Brown, 022948. Thomas Andrew Cumbie, 040542. Robert Edward Arn. 023470. Harold Clifton Brown, 022888. Henry Allen Cunningham, Jr. , 0 43003. Henry Harley Arn.old, .Jr_, 023299. Oscar Marion Brumfiel, 023534.. Gilbert Warren Curl, 023418. Luther Dixon Arnold. 022946. Alfred. Washbmn Bruneau. 023404.. Claire Stillwell Curtis, 033394. S amuel Respess Arnold. 032664. Thomas Law Bryon, 023549. Edward Noel Dahlstrom, 033238. Wade Hampton Airlngt.on, 040M3. Andrew Donald Budz, Jr., 023253. Paul PatterBOn Dailey, 0.52682. Huber Jerome .Arsenault, 044917. Lanier Dtmn Buford, 039046. David Samuel Daley, 023453. Harold William Athan. 052624. William Graham Buhmann, 032748. Harold El.more Dalness. 044310. George Alexander .An"brey, 023110. Robert Harlan Bull, 023424. Marion Leon Daman, 040496. George Wallace Aux. 04!399. William Kennetb Bunney, 052507. George Louis D'Amelio, 044627. James Thomas Avery, Jr., 032857. John William Burfening, 022891. Henry Force Daniel.s, 023295. Eugene Nelson Arteil, 044281. John .Edward Burrows. 023621. Joseph Paul D'.Arezzo, 023333. Howard Clarence .Aylesworth, 023614. William Entwistle Burton, 044"526. David Hugh Darlington. 033440. Alan Griffith .Ba!cer, 023051. Collin Bushw.ay, 03333-0. Richard Owen. Davidson, 033262. Arthur Lee Baker, CM-0456. Emile Joseph Bussolati, 032677. Charles Leo Davis, 044317. Barton Ormsbee Btirer, 044222. John Napier .Butchart, 044:664. Duane ·David Davis, 039G26. Thomas Foster Ball. 039039. Carl Frederick Byers, 052643, John Norm.an Davis, 032808. Charles Edward Balthis, Jr., 023199. Norman 11erberts Bykerk, 033038. Theodore Weisman Davis, 023259. Charles Harvey Ba.Iiks. 022940. David BaTbour Byrne, 023181. Victor Allen Davis, 040453. Cesides Victor Barberis, 033249. Leland George CRgwin, 023200. Warren Pruden Davis, 033245. Kenneth Tuttle Barnaby, Jr., 044885. Robert Hoover Calahan, 040515. Clifford Henry Dawson. 039023. Arthur Bobert Barry, 023100. Robert Carron Cameron, 023178. Arthur Lawrence Dean, .Jr., 032860. Dennis Ladi.slaus Barton, 023049. Willia~ Donald Can1leld, 044~18.. Joseph Rodney Dean, 04!877. Raymond Henry Bates. 023.1B4. George Daniel Carnahan, 023007. Ralph Edward DeKemper. 033240. Curtis Clarence Batson. 0031.52. Hector Carrie, Jr., 033043. Benjamin Fr.anklln De1am.ater 3d, 02.3305. James Herbert Batte, 023401. George Edward carter, 040430. Arthur William Delaney, 044697. 5338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 16

J oseph J ames Delaney, 033048. Joseph Moorman Gardner, 040522. James Burrell Hewette, 044430. Robert Jerome Delaney, 023067. Edward Reeves Garton, 032945. Henry Harrison Hewitt, 032827. William Michael Delaney, 023633. Silvio Emil Gasperini, Jr., 023203. Walter John Hewitt, 044332. F rank Armand de Latour, Jr., 023073. John Luther Gates, 040539. Paul Denton Hickman, 044374. Robert Jacques DeMers, 033159. Alan Edward Gee, 022889. Raymond Leroy Hicks, 052535. H arry de Metropolis, 022021. M ax Hobart Gerard, 032982. H arold Donha m Higgins, 023554. Peter Denisevich, 023416. Edwin Cooper Gibson, 044578. William Alexander Higgins, 040468. Dominick Charles Dennis, 044953. Charles Mix Gilbert, 023457. William Josep h Higgins, Jr., 033141. Bryce Frederic Denno, 023161. J ames Tyler Gilbert, 044348. John Milton Hightower, 023531. Hilton Densley, 032946. William Joseph Gildart, 023264. John F rancis Palmer Hill, 033108. Francis Thomas Devlin, 023314. Arla Reed Gill, 044983. Lee Hamilton Hilliard, 033246. Robert Dexheimer, 032749. William Kethley Gillmore, 023432. Kenji H ino, 044753. John Dibble, Jr., 023183. John Carl Girtman, Jr., 044951. Charles Henry H iser, 044795. R obert Irving Dice, 022952. Matthew Richard Joseph Giuffre, 040425. Victor Woodfin H obson, Jr., 023038. R obert Louis Dickerson, 023615. William Asa Glass, Jr., 044293. R aymond F ord H offman, 044240. Dwight Bennett Dickson, 033099. Charles Chase Gleason, 044245. Theodore Louis Hoffmann, 023023. Lon Russell Dickson, 033098. Roland Merrill Gleszer, 0 23278. Leopold Frederick Hofinger, 0 44368. Carl Frederick Dietrich, 039043. William Chester Goers, 0 23487. William Norman Holm, 023282. J ue Melvin Dietzel, 032881. John Eugene Goldoni, 033182. E u gene Julius Holmes, 033317. Wilbur Samuel Dillon, 032807. Adolph Joseph Gondek, 044196. Thomas Frederick Hooper, 039028. George Francis Dixon, Jr., 022899. E arl Rob~rt Gooding, 033334. Wilson Hoover, 044370. Robert Russell Dodderidge, 023164. John McCoy Goodman, 033323. John Willia m Hopkins, Jr., 040504. Francis Sylvester Donnell, 033295. -Merle Lee Goodrich, 032693. Bristow Sanford Hopper, 032815. Walter Gerard Downey, 033106. R aymond Harold Goodrich, 022911. Charles Thompson Horner, Jr., 023530. Lemuel Chafin Downs, 040527. Samuel McClure Goodwin, 023177. William Frederick Horton, 023118. William 'i:dwin Dressler, 044653. T homas Frederick Gordon, 023112. Lloyd Webster Hough, 023251. Ivey Oscar Drewry, Jr., 033224. Arthur Alvin Gottlieb, 044972. Bergen Brokaw Hovell, 023450. Richard Lewis Duckwall, 039053. John Anthony Graf, Jr., 0 22892. Alvis M orrow Howell, 032797. Benton Raymond Duckworth 2d, 021934. Emerson Wallace Grant, 023427. Frank Goodwin Hubbard, 052430. Frank Duda, 052768. Edwin Joseph Gravel, 033206. George Edward Hudson, 044410. Robert Richard Duddy, 033214. Gilford Dalton Green, 0 23231. Robert Lee Huffaker, 032911. Robert w ·esley Duke, 033373. James Blair Green, 023423. John William Hughes, Jr., 032676. Leo Erway Dunham, Jr., 022897. John Holt Green, 033085. Ralph Harold Hughett, 044674. Francis Leonard Dunn, 040437. Lynell William Green, 052665. Jay Hunt, 032789. Raymond Charles Durgan, 023527. James Scott Greene, Jr., 023137. Milton Tillman Hunt, Jr., 033057. Everett Wellman Duvall, 032842. John Smalley Greene, 040514. Hugh Alden Hurt, 044210. Walter Alexander Edens, 023563. Walter Greenwood, Jr., 023548. Philip Allen Hutchinson, 033200. Carl C. Edmondson, 044982. James Carlisle Griffin, 033018. Robert Condit Ingalls, 023542. E arl William Edwards, 023502. Harold Stanley Griffith, Jr., 023403. Jerome Anthony Ingerski, 040531. Fred Louis Eistrup, 044319. William Harrington Griffith, 044403. Richard Randlett Irving, 033127. Ralph Sheridan Eldridge, 023442. Archie James Griggs, 044389. Walter Gerald Irwin, 040490. Conway Lyman Ellers, 039051. Gerard James Grogan, 040429. David Wllliam Iunghuhn, 023488. Philip Lovell Elliott, 022945. John Gilkey Gunning, 052669. Marvin Leroy Jacobs, 022915. Guy Clifford Emery, Jr., 052481. Walter Eugene Gunster, Jr., 022928. Howard James, 040463. John Christie Emery, 023153. Clarence Edward Gushurst, 022998. Edwin Bruce Jeffress, Sr., 044190. George Washington England, Jr., 023226. Henry Thomson Guth, 032768. Delbert Lewis Jellum, 044478. Sanford P atrick England, 023129. David Roger Guy, 022961. Francis Legare Jenkins, Jr., 032684. Joseph Edwin Engleharot, 033143. John Joseph Guy, 033219. Denmark C. Jensen, 044694. Albert Dale Epley, 023250. Wallace James Hackett, 023179. Bertil Andrew Johnson, 023086. Florian John Erspamer, 023242. Burdett Eugene Haessly, 023016. Chester Herman Johnson, 044273. Emil Paul Eschenburg, 023469. Charles Adams Hall, 044605. Herbert Austin Johnson, Jr., 033140. Jack Cecil Evans, Jr., 023517. Robert Charles Hall, 023525. Irvin Albert Johnson, 040464. Leon Gordon Evans, 052521. Rolland Woodrow Hamelin, 022997. James William Johnson, 033387. Thomas Perry Ewing, 033284. • Joseph Hamor Hamlin, 052312. Laurence Alvin Johnson, 033361. Paul Vincent Fahey, 033054. William Hays Hammond, Jr., 044213. Lehman Holson Johnson, Jr., 044831. George Chandler Fairbanks 3d, 033145. Merle Edison Hamner, 052805. Lester Bennett Johnson, 023490. Jefferson Melvin Fairley, 052699. Chester Herman Hancock, 044292. Robert Wells Johnson, 044258. William Eugene Farthing, Jr., 023188. Wallace Murdock Hanes, 033384. Vern Eskil Johnson, 044959. Robert John Fate, 023010. George Thomas Hanna, 052758. John Carl Johnstone, 044702. Walter Joseph Fellenz, 023055. R aymond Willhite Hannah, 032760. Eben Randolph Jones, 032836. Robert Spartan Ferrari, 044810. Everett Albert Hansen, 023528. Edwin Waldo Jones, 040530. Bernard Ambrose Ferry, 022967. George Robert Hansen, 052571. Wing Fook Jung, 023144. Edward Dunphy Fitzpatrick, 023288. Harold Diedrich Hansen, 023468. Misha Nicholas Kadick, 023444. William Joseph Flahaven, 040497. Russell Howard Hanson, 052615. Benedict Andrew Karnosky, 044878. Joe Flake, 040526. James Hantzes, 052467. William Myers Kasper, 023210. Edward Aiken Flanders, 022912. Herbert David Harback, 044880. Lee George Kays, 032750. Walter Joseph Flanigan, 044422. John Edward Harbert, 044833. Lester Alphonso Kearney, 033010. Melvin Fletcher, 033111. Hal Hardenbergh, 032740. Christopher Raymond Keegan, 044383. William Jackson Fling, 022144. Joseph Schuyler Hardin, 023126. Arlin John Kehe, 033094. George Flint, 044970. Tracy James Hardman, 033007. James Carroll Kelly, 044863. Thaddeus Philip Floryan, 023249. Leslie Joseph Harness, 023415. John Joseph Kenney, 023114. Alfred Jennings Floyd, 023328. John Stevens Harnett, 023094. Robert Emmet Kennington, 023623. Edmund Paul Flynn, 033350. Robert Edward Harper, 032783. Frank John Kent, 033087. George Cicero Fogle, 044428. · Patrick William Harrington, 033372. Donald Alvin Kersting, 023436. Lawrence Gordon Forbes, 022903. Jack Roger Harris, 044544. Robert Waugh Keyser, 033355. Camden Page Fortney, Jr., 032949. Charles Edmund Harrison, Jr., 022953. Jonathan Monroe Kight, 044919. David Ewing Foster, 052471. Herbert William Hartung, 044261. Curtis Yarnell Kimball, 032852. William Webb Foster, 052802. Leonard Landon Haseman, 022925. John Joseph King, Jr., 033329. William Payne Francisco, 022955. Henry Stack Hastings, 032830. Roger Orrsin King, 044600. Richard Henry Free, 022926. Philip Archie Hatten, 023417. Warren Randall King, 023413. Eugene Merithew Freeman, 040503. Harlos V. Hatter, 032901. Edwin Cha rles Kingsley, 032717. George Clifford Freeman, 044214. Harold Van Lear Hawes, 052711. William Roscoe Kintner, 023068. Robert Frank Freeman, 044823. Charles Bellows Hazeltine, Jr., 022896. John Marvin Kinzer, 023552. Uel Wilford French, 033218. Robert Courtney Heald, 044454. Frank Acton Kirk, Jr., 044442. Chester Moffet Freudendorf, 023303. Harry Verner Heim, 032743. John Edwin Kirk, 032681. John Frederick Freund, 023334. Charles Thomas Heinrich, 039014. Mark Clair Baugher Klunk, 023273. Lee W atson Fritter, 023217. Charles Henry Heldreth, 033382. Thomas Ma sao Kobayashi, 052745. Ford Prioleau Fuller, Jr., 023170. Edward Henry Hendrickson, 023048. Kennet h Kruse Kolster, 032886. Lawrence Joseph Fuller, 022901. J ames Thomas Hennessy, 023148. Edward Benjamin Krainik, 033367. Weaver Henderson Gaines, 0 32686. D avid Herber, 032689. Francis Edward Kramer, 023122. Durward Henry Galbreath, 023255. L yle E ugene Hershey, 052502. Paul H obart Krauss, 022932. Joseph Frank Garbacz, 040548. J ohn Olav Herstad, 022068. James Frederick Kreitzer, 023096. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5339 Russell Carl Krueger, 032865. Carlyle Fredrick McDannel, 033271. J ames Russell O'Grady, 040444. George Washington Simon Kuhn, Jr., Eugene Orville McDonald, 023218. John Thomas O'Keefe, 023176. 044862. William Smith McElhenny, 039025. George Lewis Oliver, 03318. Michael Kuziv, Jr., 023330. Carroll Evans McHenry, 052545. Winston Lewis Olson, 032940. David McVicker Kyle, 033263. William Gamble Mcilhiney, 033005. Paul Francis O'Neil, 022902. Edward Hamilton Kyle, 022981. Stewart Lawrence McKenney, 023084. Leonard Milton Orman, 023046. Arthur Harold Lahlum, 003541. John Robert McLean, 023140. Anthony Henry Ortenzi, 003383. James Ledford Lain, 032967. William Roger McLean, 033136. Vincent Edward Osborne, 033039. Oakley Mccurdy Lamb, 032751. William Storey McMillan, 032703. Frederic Watson Oseth, 023090. Harry Bert Lane, 023187. Larry Gene McPherson, 052498. Henry Everett Osthues, 052512. Jack Finnel Lane, 023456. Gordon Elwood McQuain, 040441. Arley Leroy Outland, 044400. Ralph Walter Lang, 033034. Robert Bruce McRae, 033236. Glenn Byron Owen, 032725. Leland Henry Langbein, 040473. Elwood Dale McSherry, 044322. Brice Pace, 033035. Herman Walter Wright Lange, 023402. Donal Irvin Medley, 033165. Stuart Joseph Palos, 052797. !'::enneth Frederick Langland, 052505. Robert Julian Meeker, 033304. Herman Carlyle Park, 033163. George Thomas Larkin, 003293. Harry Ernest Meisell, 032812. David Stuart Parker, 022907. Bobby Boyd Larsen, 052722. Donald Clifford Melius, 044464. John Murray Parker, 039018. Charles John Larsen, 044558. Louis Gonzaga Mendez, Jr., 023262. Joseph Peter Parker, 040487. William Love Latta, Jr., 023627. Marvin Hatfield Merchant, 023301. Robert Meade Parker, Jr., 032936. Zim E. Lawhon, 023555. John Henry Merriam, 033095. John Wakeley Patchin, 040537. Ray Goodman Lawrence, 052606. John Turner Merrill, 033225. Samuel Merrick Patten, 023008. Joel Wayne Lawson, 033298. Frank Meszar, 023211. Michael Paulick, 023060. John Percy Leahy, 033097. George Thomas Metcalf, 023501. Willard Pearson, 044466. Osmund Alfred Leahy, 023106. Charles Gillis Metcalfe, 052749. John Elmer Pederson, 040479. Leo Delmar Leavengood, 044938. Clarence August Mette, Jr., 032776. Kenneth Edison Pell, 040432. Milton David Lederman, 023320. Norman Edward Meyer, 040511. Robert Harry Pell, 023561. Gail Bruce Lee, 033332. Leon Adrian Michaelis, 044486. Frank Alexander Penn, 032843. Ben Warner Legare, 039034. Henry Augustine Miley, Jr., 022993. Howard Wilsdh Penney, 022917. Lawrence Joseph Legere, Jr., 002937. Arlo Albert Miller, 044835. Bert Perrin, 023503. Reino Oscar Lehtonen, 052532. Boulton Bainbridge Miller, 033148. Manley Calbraith Perry, 023024. Carl Slifer Leidy, 032755. Jack Conrad Miller, 023406. Samuel Richard Peterson, 022904. Kenneth McRae Lemley, 022976. Wilbur Oscar Miller, Jr., 033126. Norman Elwood Petty, 033041. Allan Langdon Leonard, Jr., 032898. Raymond Weir Millican, 023000. Robert Carter Pfeil, 022921. Francis Leon Leva, 052627. · Jene Earl Mills, 023410. Tom Spencer Phair, 023520. Julius Willie Levy, 052466. James Wilbourne Milner, 023124. Ivan George Phillips, 032941. William Fielding Lewis, 023206. John Edward Minahan, 022949. Paul David Phillips, 022939. Everett DeWitt Light, 023033. Ralph Edward Miner, 023285. John Joseph Pidgeon, 023089. Frank Lewis Llllyman, 032861. Fred Brown Mitchell, 052633. Angelo Enrico Pilla, 044989. William Newton Lingenfelter, 032829. Harris Toney Mitchell, 052670. Hobart Burnside Pillsbury, 023019. Phillip John Linn, 033395. Wesley Oliver Moberg, 044973. Wal1.3r Clifford Pittman, 033022. Clifford Ellwood Lippincott, 023429. Thomas Huntington Monroe, Jr., 023017. Robert Gray Platt, 023414. William Judson Locke, 040512. Alfred Joseph Montrone, 032737. Roosevelt Thomas Plummer, 044412. James David Loewus, 023205. Benjamin Gray Moore, 033158. Edward Thomas Podufaly, 022913. Harlan Veatch Logsdon, 044347. Bidwell Moore, 023248. James Dickson Polley 3d, 039036. Postford Arthur Loiselle, 033321. James Montgomery Moore, 022963. Charles Everett Porteous, 033203. Floyd Harrison Long, Jr., 032889. Philip John Moore, 3d, 023135. Fred Ballard Porter, 040477. Talton Woodrow Long, 032735. Walter Eugene Moore, 033149. Merle Reed Preble, 023524. David Roger Longacre, Jr., 033378. Edwin Gilbert Moran, 052434. William Davis Preston, Jr., 032969. Ernest Henry Lorenz, Jr., 023505. Bernie Francis Morgan, 044899. Daniel Webster Prewitt, 033301. James Anthony Lotozo, 023109. Allen Law Morrison, 032837. Richard Roberts Prewitt, 044603. Charles Lewis Lucas, 040249. Stephen Bernard Morrissey, 023270. David Prior, 044304. Edward Deming Lucas, Jr., 023225. Daniel Mucha, 044636. Andrew Harold Prudhomme, 033213. John Willlam Lundberg, Jr., 033170. George Hans Mueller, 023196. Thomas Charles Prunty, 032924. William Garcia Lundy, 032692. Willard Andrew Muir, 044774. Frank Davis Pryor, Jr., 033316. John Robert Lyle, 032700. James Patrick Mullarkey, 033030. Henry Franklin Prysi, 032904. Edison Albert Lynn, Jr., 023085. Thomas Henry Muller, 023201. Milton Adolph Pullman, 033166. Richard Ware Ma.bee, 023241. William Henry Harrison Mullin, 023015. Sterling Evans Purnell, 044875. George Babington Macaulay, 032549. Delbert Earle Munson, 023156. Thomas Duvall Quaid, 022919. Robert Neville Mackin 3d, 023260. Richard German Murdock, 044221. George Stern Quick, 044602. James Richard Maedler, 023132. Cornelius Arthur Murphy, 023146. Edward William Quinlan, Jr., 033359. William Cone Mahoney, Jr., 023486. John Henry Murphy, 044201. Elgin Gilbert Radcltlf, 023558. Arthur Gordon Malone, 023237. Joseph Aloysius Murphy, 044667. Edward Richard Radzwich, 032691. Robert Hyatt Malone, 033014. Clarence Flagg Murray, Jr., 032744. Leon Herbert Rainville, 032726. Frank Chittenden Mandell, 023234. Joseph Edward Murray, 044421. Robert Charles Raleigh, 023287. Murray Edward Manley, 052740. Jacob Franklin Mynderse, 023523. Lloyd Albert Ramsey, 033352. Conrad Olla. Mannes, Jr., 032293. Robert Jackson Natzel, 023459. Lloyd Brinkley Ramsey, 023553. Leo Wilbur Manning, 033114. Andre Harry Nelson, 044271. Robert Bernhard Randle, 052570. Richard Irvine Manning, 023439. Arthur Harold Nelson, 023093. Henry Alfred Rasmussen, 040502. Peter Clark Manson, 023545. Kenneth Edward Nelson, 052756. James Garland Rawlings, 033065. Russell Joseph Manzolillo, 023304. Raymond Cay Nelson, 052775. Hamilton Smoot Rebentisch, 044991. Richard Goulding Marriott, 033072. Robert Kenneth Nelson, 044426. James Woodrow Reed, 035884. Clarence Talmage Marsh, Jr., 022996. Allan Preston Nesbitt, 052782. Paul Sorg Reinecke, Jr., 023284. Alfred Martin, 023629. Richard Thomas Neumann, 039054. Charles Reinoldi, 052610. James Gilbert Martin, 039035. Charles Albert Newlin, 032983. James Thomas Reitz, 033096. John Pratt Mason, 044587. Chester Dale Nielson, 033280. Raymond Renola, 022971. Troxell Olin Mason, 023522. Ralph Edwin Ni1Ienegger, 033084. Rowland Herman Renwanz, 023123. Joseph Lee Ma.stran, 023279. Charles Carmin Noble, 022942. Louis Howard Ressijac, 023454. Donald Wayne Mather, 044458. John Irvin Norris, 044246. Herbert Ernest Rice, 023518. Maurice Hawley Matthews, 032997. Robinson Riley Norris, 023014. Albert Park Richards, 023194. Neil Mackay Matzger, 044539. Hartsell Hamilton Northington, 033275. Beverly Thomas Richardson, 032864. Joseph Garland May, 032825. James Lewis Norwood, 044048. Chester Allan Richardson, 033259. George Mayo, Jr., 022970. Thaddeus Michael Nosek, 022934. Henry John Richter, 023536. John Wesley McAlhany, 040517. Eugene C. Oates, Jr., 044576. John Richard Riddle, 032745. Marshell Garrett McBee, 039015. Charles Robert Obermeyer, 044759. Charles Alexander Riegle, 033325. Edgar Allen Poe McCarthy, Jr., 032970. John Andrew O'Brien, 023037. Arthur William Ries, 044226. Robert William McCartney, 039052. Robert Anthony O'Brien, Jr., 023152. Hugh William McClary, 023533. William Edward Rigel, 032894. James Harold McCord, 032683. John Belton O'Connell, 022735. John Edward Riley, 040465. Hal Dale Mccown, 023532. Edwin O'Connor, Jr., 023539. Harmon Porter Rimmer, 023204. Jim Hillery McCoy, 052796. Robert Francis O'Donnell, 023228. Beverly Risque, 040446. Alva Thomas McDaniel, 044521. Frederic Nathan Oettinger, Jr., 032782. Arthur William Ritchings, 052739. Marion Elmer McDaniel, 033346. Charles Eugene Oglesby, 023244. · Herbert Clair Ritze, 044634. 5340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 16

Salvo .Rizza, 023139. Woodrow Maurice Smith, 0 22960. Carl Kenneth Warren, Jr., 0 23630. Clarence Francis Roberts, Jr., 044612. Willis Elmo Smitherman, 052455. Pratt Alexander Warren, 023412. John Kerr Roberts, Jr., 023195. Robert Lyles Snyder, 052456. Ronald Watson, 052459. Perry John Roberts, 044208. Charis Roger Sparra, 032712. William Walcott Watson, 032756. Sam Andrew Roberts, 033008. John Judson Spencer, 044248. Einar Watten, 044342. George Blatchford Robinson, 023428. John Thomas Harvey Spengler, 022977. Evert Cecil Way, 032888. John Harvey Robinson, 044984. Lewis, Charles Spinney, 044357. Daniel Webster, 033071. Oval Hale Robinson, 022938. R aymond Lawrence Steinbacher, 032709. George Burbank Webster, Jr., 023425. William Harvey Roedy, 022941. H arry Ami Stella, 023185. Sanford Harvey Webster, 0 23222. R alph Morris Rogers, 022943. Blackburn Stephens, 033060. Levene John Weigel, 033187. T homas Charles Rohan, 032954. Cyril Dean Sterner, 023434. Howard Kinney Welch, 033155. Francis Michael Rooney, 0 23147. George Bickley Stevens, 044872. Charles Edward Welsh, 032706. Melvin Herbert Rosen, 023082. Charles William Stewart, 032925. James Robert Wendt, Jr., 022995. Kermit Herbert Rosenberg, 052487. Donald Boyle Stewart, 023028. Anthony Lewis Paul Wermuth, 023252. J ames Otis Ross, 052442. Jodie Gibson Stewart, Jr., 023256. Franklin Andrew Werner, 033307. R alph Newlin Ross, 023315. Hunter LeGear Stockton, 023409. Roderick Wetherill, 023158. Thomas Benjamin Ross, Jr., 032724. Warren Preston Stockwell, 040438. Jesse Foss Wheeler, Jr., 044719. William Bradford Rosson, 023556. William Goodnow Stoddard, Jr., 023130. Charles Thomas White, 052708. Walter Julius Rozamus, 032892. Lee Samuel Stoneback, 044316. Claude Wilson White, 040448. Fred Martin Ruck, 033049. Harold Gross Stover, 032845. Fred F. White, 033776. Clifford Hayes Ruffner, Jr., 039017. Lewis Jordan Strait, Jr., 044735. Frederick Grinnell White, 023326. Osborne Romeo Rumph, 040466. Carl Edwin Strauss, 044375. Richard Arthur White, 040524. Gilbert Charles Russi, 033264. James Pershing Strauss, 022951. William Rains White, 032847. Clayton Allen Rust, 022916. Alan Martin Strock, 023099. Henry Colmer Whitting, 044487. William Thomas Ryan, 052629. Lavere Henry Strom, 032995. Anders Olaf Wiklund, 044597. Henry Herbert Sablitz, 040532. Clarence Edgar Stuart, 052468. Jordan Joseph Wilderman, 023092. Charles Walker Sample, 023437. Robert Clyde Stump, 023516. Earl Thomas Wiley, Jr., 040442. Robert William Sanders, 044296. Oliver Glen Stutzman, 032771. William Christopher Wilkinson, Jr., 023512. Frank August Sandholm, 033178. Francis Richard Sullivan, 022923. Frank Argyle Williams, 044750. John Storey Sandiland, 023445. John Sumstad, 052646. James Frederick Williams, Jr., 023224. Joseph Neil Sands, 032957. William Wayne Sunderlin, 032678. Marion Gibson Williams, 044841. Charles Aubrey Sanford, 032857. Allan Lee Swaim, 032871. Robert Ray Williams, 022962. William White Saunders, 023296. Walter Drummond Swank, 023281. Trevor Eifler Williams, 032883. Edwin Murel Sayre, 033220. J . Elmore Swenson, 033380. Joe McAdoo Willis, 032854. William Scandrett, 023448. Eben French Swift, 023258. Charles Vincent Wilson, 023564. John Henry Scanlon, 033142. Francis Ariel Swope, 032774. John Lloyd Wilson, Jr., 033268. Samuel Walston Scarburgh, 044723. Paul Henry Symbol, 023452. John Mayer Wilson, 033026. Howard Gustave Schade, 033311. James Clinton Tarkenton, Jr., 033283. William Henry Wilson, 032820. Donald Vincent Schafbuch, 032990. Willie Lee Tate, 032885. Ralph Harris Wiltamuth, 044817. Robert William Schafer, 039045. Alton Randolph Taylor, 033092. Walter Ferrell Winton, Jr., 022966. Rieder William Schell, 033021. Benjamin Grant Taylor, Jr., 023438. William Daniel Wise, Jr., 032682. Harry Alexander Schendel, Jr., 023526. James Kirkbride Taylor, 023011. Landon Albert Witt, 023317. Harold Eugene Scherer, 033032. Clark Vincent Telquist, 040443. John Herold Wohner, 023142. Frederick Anthony Schmaltz, 023229. James Kyle Terry, 033375. Charles Aubrey Wolfe, 044262. Lester Frank Schockner, 023182. Felix Edward Tharpe, 032204. George Willett Wood, 044203. John Nicholas Schaming, 044755. Alan Phillip Thayer, 023087. John Clifford Wood, Jr., 052640. Leo Emil Schulten, Jr., 040457. Eber Hilliard Thomas, Jr., 044780. Milford Walter Wood, 032723. Paul Bernhardt Schuppener, 052465. Richard Greenwood Thomas, 023632. Ernest Albert Henry Woodman, 032822. Raymond Harold Schwab, 044646. Clarence Alley Thompson, Jr., 033113. Gilbert Hume Woodward, 023102. Jack Schwartzman, 040475. Donald Goldsmith Thompson, 032844. Robert Lee Woolfolk 3d, 052687. Nye Maguet Scofield, 023547. Howell Barrett Thompson, 033385. Charles Arthur Wooten, Jr., 044599. David Morris Scott, Jr., 044501. William Witus Thybony, 039024. Raleigh Osborn Worrell, 032697. Fred William Scott, 044765. Arthur Claire Tillson, 023546. David Warren Wright, Jr., 033217. Thomas Henderson Scott, Jr., 023030. Henry Clayburn Tipton, 032777. John MacNair Wright, Jr., 023057. Thomas Martin Scott, Jr., 052544. Harry Edward Tistadt, 044706. Ralph Wright, 032765. Willis Beals Scudder, 036179. Walter John Todd, 040491. Preston Wintrode Wyand, 044363. Harmon Henry Seale, 032360. John Deber Townsend, 023141. Edison Eugene Yates, 039047. Wendell Burley Sell, 023069. William Trabue, 023625. Jules David Yates, 023127. Burkhardt Marshall Senn, 052560. Donald Tracy, 044869. Frederick Jacob Yeager, 022969. Byrd Sergent, 052717. Wyatte Gristie Trainer, 040516. Pearson Buckley Yeager, 033176. John Dodge Servis, 052747. Joseph Earl Treadway, 023617. Harry Lawrence Yerby, 032719. Richard Alexander Shagrin, 023261. John C'ook Tredennick, 023405. Donovan Paul Yeuell, Jr., 023083. William Regis Shanahan, 022950. Edward Charles Troescher, 039055. Richard Andrew Joung, Jr., 044524. John Somer Shapland, 023560. Paul Albert Troup, Jr., 033306. Stephen Dana Young, 023430. Charles Alexander Shaunesey, Jr., 023036. Ralph Neal Tudor, 039032. Charles Ware Youngman, 033183. Raymond Thomas Shelby, 023504. Hugh Jefferson Turner, Jr., 023138. Leon Ryno Yourtee, Jr., 044329. Alford Clifford Shellum, 033299. John Fogg Twombly 3d, 023519. Ralph Edward Zahrobsky, 023149. James Duncan Shi, Jr., 033230. Donald Edward Twyon, 032805. Alexander Anthony Zaresky, 044353. George Washington Shivers, Jr., 023515. James Elroy Tyler, 023079. Stephen Nicholas Zarpas, 040505. Cyrus Reyon Shockey, 044234. Otis Maxwell Ulm, 023047. Lawrence Max Zaumeyer, 032906. Raymond Leroy Shoemaker, Jr., 022978. John Edward Unverferth, 023499. Howard Norvi Zeigler, Jr., 044773. Morris Loeb Shoss, 022973. Robert Lashlie Utley, 032977. Herman Irving Zimmerman, 052576. Carlyle Hegsted Shurtleff, 044288. Dean Titus Vanderhoef, 022984. Karl Amos Zipf, 039044. Herbert Ulieao Sieben, 033153. Woodrow Wilson Vaughan, 023004. To be majors, Judge Advocate General's Woodrow Bryan Sigley, 023411. Donald O'Connor Vaught, 033308. Corps Stephen Silvasy, 022985. Charles Powell Venable, 033247. Howard Helmuth Simmons, 039029. Jonas Alvin Vilhauer, 032732. Stanley Francis Flynn, 043765. Charles Lowell Sims, 033345. Glenn Marvin Vinquist, 044867. James Everette Johnson, 043704. John Gregory Sisak, 052751. Charles Alexander Vitarius, 040544. To be majors, Chaplains David Warren Sisco, 052579. Ernest Von Pawel, 052541. John Davis Skipper, 033083. Richard Eddison Wade, 032824. George William Almond, 051978. Francis Marion Smith, 023634. Glenn David Walker, 033282. Walter David Shakespeare Barrett, 0431G2. Fred Charles Smith, 044457. Harry Hammond Walke!', Jr., 023460. Joseph Theodore Kasel, 043148. Gordon Kenneth Smith, 032959. Marion Walton Walker, 023435. Edward Mathias Luettgen, 031046. Jack David Smith, 033260. James W111ard Walters, Jr., 023006. Aloysius Joseph McElwee, 043.151. Page Egerton Smith, 023294. Arthur Howard Walton, 044746. Joseph John Morrell, 051996. Paul Francis Smith, 033169. William Samuel Wanner, 033116. Duncan Norwood Naylor, 038860. Thomas Ernest Ward Smith, 033064. Robert Harold Ward, 044280. Edward Joseph O'Brien, 031024. Thomas Robert Smith, Jr., 033119. Keith Lincoln Ware, 033181. Theodore Charles Pawlowicz, 051985. Vallard Cassius Smith, 023543. · Karlton Warmbrod, 033017. Perry Truman Raley, 031037. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 534l To be majors, Medical Corps XHorace Elma Bailey, 065230. Charles Bedford Costen, 058350. William Henry Anderson, 056864. XLewis George Bailey, 058296. XRoy Everett Couch, 058351. J ames Morris Bailey, 031223 . . X Charles Thompson Baker, 059245. Thomas Black Coughlin, 059323. Thomas Sherwood Barron, 056862. XRobert Mendenhall Baker, 065223. Ranald David Council, 059179. P aul Albert Bischoff, 043192. DeForrest Ballou 3d, 058299. X Cleatus Jack Cox, 059243. J ames Thomas Brennan, 031183. XJesmond Dene Balmer, Jr., 059219. X Richard Stirling Craig, 059401. Sidney Clark Brockman, 031212. Thomas Fuller Bamford, 059166. X Elnomac Vester Creel, 065238. William Chapman Butz, 056852. XSamuel Lyman Barber, Jr., 059375. Henry Turner Croonquist, 059152. Emmett Leigh Durrum, 056854. X Raymond Clay Barlow, Jr., 059287. XBarnard Cummings, Jr., 059420. Raymond Linton Hack, 031195. Metullus Ard Barnes, Jr., 058302. XWilliam Alexander Cummings, 059192. Henry Myles Johnson, 056866. X Clarence Donald Barry, 058303. George Armstrong Custer, 058356. . Ellsworth Leroy Miller, 031191. XRaymond Ripley Battreall, Jr., 059108. X Ralph Thomas Dabbs, 065244 . Robert Williams Nicholson, 056863. X Lewis Roy Baumann, 0 62808. X Robert Kirk Dalrymple, 059339. Harry Dumont Offutt, Jr., 031196. Louis Pintard Bayard, 059097. X Dan Wesley Davis, 060854. J ohn Julius Pope, 031214. X Clyde Beauchamp Bell, Jr., 059227. X Harold Osborn Davis, 060242. Ingalls Howe Simmons, 056857. XJohn Arthur Bender, 059317. X Ovid Milton Davis, 058360. Lloyd Wilson Taylor, 031197. X Robert Joseph Berens, 058306. Preston Augustus Davis, 058361. Alexander Herman Bernhard, 063419. XBartley E. Day, 059201. To be majors, Dental Corps X Earl Craig Betts, 059300. X Seth Sears Day, 059288. Ned Hays Anderson, 031219. Kenneth Dale Billings, 058309. X Leon Luscher de Correvont, 059258. Richard Albert Grundler, 043188. John Howard Birrell, 059147. X Fred Blaine Deem, Jr., 059256. Frank Clement Jerbi, 052027. X Robert Woolfolk Black, 059350. X William Leonard Denend, 058365. Howard Bernhard Johnson, 056849. X William Lindsay Black, 063412. X Ernest William Denham, Jr., 059373. R ichard Leigh Mosgrove, 038880. X Thomas Benjamin Blake, 058311. X Richard Alan de Rusha, 063416. George Wiedenmann Mosley, 043175. X Alan Watts Blankenship, 060125. X Charles Marcus DiCiro, 059991. Melvin John Schueller, 056850. XHerman Theodore Boland, Jr., 059092. Paul James Dickerson, 058368. Nils Edmund Sondergaard, 052041. XCharles Mitchell Bolen, Jr., 063417. X Dean Berkeley Dickinson, 059160. Russell William Sumnicht, 031208. XDavid Endicott Bolte, 059307. Hillman Dickinson, 059090. To be majors, Veterinary Corps XDonald Richard Bonwell, 059297. XMichael Anthony DiGennaro, Jr., 065497. Marcellus William Bounds, 059262. X Andrew Shumway Dilts, 059353. Aaron Francis Allison, 031016. X John Harry Boyes, 065269. XRalph Parker Dixon, Jr., 058371. George Carlton Coburn, 031025. XSpencer Marion Bracey, 058317. Stephen Farrar Dodd, 058372. Robert William Cook, 031010. X Robert Louis Bradley, 059244. Richard Julian Doherty, 058373. Harold Myers Deane, 022887. X Julius LaVerne Bragg, 060878. Patrick Joseph Donohoe, 059102. Walter Wallace Fechner, 031033. X Adrian Beecher Brian, A59332. X Arthur Roy Driscoll, Jr., 059228. Lloyd Vern Fry, 031014. Wesley Henry Brower, 058320. X Harris Alton DuBois, 065215. Mulford Charles Lockwood, 038857. X Allan Gregory Brown, 059326. X John Murphy Dunn, 065252. Glenn Melvin McFadden, 031004. X Latham H. Brown, 058321. XRichard Tracy Dunphy, 059392. Leslie Carlton Murphy, 031021. X Orlando Vernon Brown, 058322. Billy Covington DuRant, 058376. Alpheus Heise Seeley, 026373. Robert McHugh Brown, 059291. XJoseph Bernard Duray, 065257. Ernest St. John Watkins, 031028. X William Cavett Brown, 059118. X Clarence Carl Dye, 058377. Robert Henry Yager, 022761. X Harold Henry Brunkhorst, 058324. X Joseph Alban Eagers, Jr. 059367. To be majors, Medical Service Corps X Goble Watson Bryant, 059328. X Charles Carroll Early, 065601. X William Fletcher Earthman, Jr., 059403. Arthur Garber Bouton, 031306~ X Clay Thompson Buckingham, 059247. Robert Joseph Conroy, Jr., 031321. X Kenneth Rogers Bull, 060895. X Henry Bateman Edwards, Jr., 058130. Neville Walter Davison, 031295. X James Edward Bunch, 058325. X Stanley Vernon Ellerthorpe, 059301. James Worthy Dean, 031300. XRichard Nichols Bundy, 059169. X John Raymond Emery, 059992. Murray Frederick Evans, 031296. XCharles Nixon Bunn, 059347. XMarshall Gill Engle, 065747. Lyman Phillip Frick, 043239. XJohn Charles Burckart, 059299. Allan Jackson English, Jr., 059316. Frederick William Hastings, 031313. X Robert James Burns, 065258. Robert Louis Erbe, 059196. Patrick Warren Hood, 031308. Thomas Hannah Burt, 059416. X Robert Kent Estes, 059187. Herman Aven Jones, Jr., 031312. X Louis Stanton Bush, 059264. X James Harold Evans, 058380. John William Loney, Jr., 040138. X Aubrey Allen Butler, 065232. X Thomas Cooper Evans, 058382. Edwin Shefiield Marsh, 031307. Donald Andrew Butler, 059909. X Alfred Erck Fagg, 059259. Harvey Edward Meagher, 031305. X Roy Thomas Byrd, 059415. XLudwig Faistenhammer, Jr., 065249. Francis Cusick Nelson, 031314. XHoward Hollis Callaway, 059106. X Stephen Douglas Falkenbury, Jr., 059508. Herbert Anthony Noe, 031299. XJames George Campbell, Jr., 058330. X Robert Thomas Fallon, 0592.39. Clarence Tillman Olson, 039323. XLouis Alexander Caraplis, Jr., 059980. X John Allison Farnsworth, 065612. William Ambrose Pacey, 031323. XJohn Louis Carr, 059206. X John Joseph Fatum, 059380. Robert Otis Quackenbush, 031317. Mark Charles Carrigan, 063414. X Dean Warren Fay, 065746. Clyde Milton Turner, 043233. ·XBruce MacDonald Carswell, 059132. Philip Robert Feir, 059189. XRichard Fowler Casper, 058331. X James Woodrow Ferguson, 059659. The following-named officers for promotion X Anthony Cavalcante, Jr., 059209. Marcus Bartlett Finnegan, 059109. in the Regular Army of the United States, X Edmund Harwood Cave, 059411. XRobert William Fisher, 058386. under the provisions of sections 502 and 508 X David Jarrett Chandler, 059271. XHarold Carlton Fitz, Jr., 059159. of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947. Those John Palmer Chandler, 059095. X Richard Arthur Fitzgerald, 059278. officers whose names are preceded by the Gilbert Xavier Cheves, Jr., 059290. Austin Theodore Flagg, 058387. symbol ( x) are subject to physical ~xami­ ·x Hal Samuel Christensen, 063420. Paul Charles Fleri, Jr., 059251. nation required by law. All others have been William Malcolm Church, 058336. X Wallace Neff Fluckey, 058389. examined and found physically qualified for X James Merrill Clark, 058338. X John Joseph Foley, Jr., 065209. promotion. XFrank Payne Clarke, 059144. X Charles Richardson Ford, 065274. To be first lieutenants X Charles Collier Clayton, 060852. X Earl Paul Ford, 059233. X Clinton Richard Clinedinst, 065225. XGeorgc Lewis Ford, Jr., 058391. XLouis Edward Abele, 059231. X John Franklin Forrest, 059269. X Charles Milton Adams, 059126. XAdrian Shuford Cloninger, 065726. X James Carter Cloud, 065743. X Charles Christian Fox, 065730. X Earl R. Adams, Jr., 058288. X Charles Seaton Francis, 065254. XPritchard Gib&on Adams, Jr., 060248. X Loren Charles Coatney, 058340. X Joseph Frederick Cobb, 059990. X Donald Paul Frandsen, 058396. X Virgil Sullivan Adkins, Jr., 059987, X Oscar Reed Frandsen, 058397. X Boyde Winston Allen, Jr., 059203. X James Joseph Coghlan, Jr., 059342. X Frank Cohn, 058341. X Carlos Lovat Fraser, 065495. X Robert Aloys Allen, 059986. X David Franklin Frech, 059131. George Marcus Alter, 058290. X Grady Adkisson Cole, 058343. XJohn Joseph Collins, Jr., .065243. X David Gray Freeman, 059393. H arold Raymond Anderegg, 059281. X Frederick John Fritz, 059276. X Curtis Langford Anders, 059302. Charles Sidney Colson, 059383. XMarvin Don Fuller, 059993. X Alfred Julius Anderson, 059289. :XHerbert William Condor, 0 58345. X Robert Benjamin Andreen, 059149. Richard Martin Connell, 059098. Avery Skinner Fullerton, 059124. X Jack Fulton Andrews, 060119. IXJohn Robert Connelly, 065135. Frederick Slocum Gallagher, 059099. X Milan John Andrichik, 065264. 'XJudson Jez:ome Conner, 059242. X Ca~imer Stephan Gappa, 058401. X William Jean Ankley, 065259. IXOllie Derush Conner, Jr., 065606. XRobert Arthur Garber, 065277. XThomas Marion Armour, 065281. 1X Robert Eugene Cook, 060162. X Oscar Mayo Garcia, 058402. X Frank Harris Armstrong, 060273,; ,X Edward Francis Corcoran, 065239. X Lyle John Garitty, Jr., 058403. X John Quirn Arnette, 059418. . tXJohn Joseph Costa, 059112. X Francis Garner, 065268. 5342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 18 X William Edward Garofalo, 083409. X Thomas Lawes Johnson, 058453. X Max Louis McCausland, 058503. X Paul John Gentille, 063415. Douglas C'lyde Jones, 058454. X Bruce McClure, 065211. X Hilton Eugene Geohagan, 065233. 'X George Mortimer Davies Jones, 058456. x George William McClure, Jr., 058504. x Arthur Louis Gerometta, 059344. Ogden Sherman Jones, Jr., 059237. XDavid Douglas Mcconaghy, 058506. X Robert Harley Gess, 059188. XMarion Duane Joyce, 065229. Charles Edmund Mccrary, 058507. X Marvin Hugh Gibbs, 058405. Irvirfg Neal Judd, 059319. X John Vincent McDonald, 059238. Joseph Thomas Gibson, 059184. X Andrew Joseph Kapec, 062278. x Richard Vincent McGarey, 058508. X Joseph Atwood Giddings, Jr., 059183. X Donald Raymond Keith, 059170. x Charles Irving McGinnis, 058509. Joseph Hiram Gilbreth, Jr., 059085. X Charles Robert Kemble, 059143. X Michael Edward McGuinn 3d, 065734. X Berkeley Shelbourne Gillespie, Jr., 059829. Ulmont Redvers Kendree, Jr., 059266. x James Florio Mcintosh, 065210. X Richard Eugene Gillespie, 059172. Neal Duncan Kennedy, 058463. XRobert Bryant Mcintosh, Jr., 062006. X Donald Lee Gilliatt, 059994. X William James Kennedy, 059235. x Kenneth Edwin Mcintyre, 059087. Robert Johnson Gilroy, 059355. XMilton Eugene Key, 058464. x Carroll Stickney Meek, 059274. XFrederick Ingraham Glover, 058408. X Joseph Charles Kiefe, Jr., 060850. X Sinclair Lewis Melner, 058513. X Carl Franklin Godfrey, 058410. X Patrick Kimball, 059105. X Lucien Eli Messinger 3d, 059294. XWard Currey Goessling, Jr., 059224. X Lemuel George King, 058465. X Glenn Wood Metcalf, Jr., 058514. X William Hayward Goodwin, 059195. X Melvin Eugene King, 059661. X J. Hayes Metzger, 059340. X Robert Sheldon Gordanier, 065256. X Arthur Joseph Kingdom, 059202. X Stanley Arthur Meyerhoff, 059311. X William Ian Gordon, 059996. Joseph Paul K~ngston, 059386. Dean Winston Meyerson, 059397. XDonald Norton Gower, 059246. Harold Clarence Kinne, Jr., 061212. X Charles Franklin Miller, 065222. X John Edward Gray, 058411. X Gilbert William Kirby, Jr., 059134. X Kenneth Ward Miller, 059359. XBernard Greenbaum, 059141. X Richard Laurens Kirk, 065276. XRobert Charles Miller, 059303. XRobert Winchester Greer, 059983. x Albert Chester Kitlas, 058466. Rowland Lee Miller, 058517. X John Bedinger Gregg, 059825. X Theron Westcott Knapp, Jr., 059186. XJohn Dickerson Mitchell, Jr., 059116. XHarry Augustus Griffith, 059089. X Louis Henry Knipling, 058467. XLawrence Paul Monahan, Jr., 059190. X Thurman Morgan Groves, 065270. x Jim Henry Kolster, 065265. X James Turner Moore, 058522. X Carl Martin Guelzo, 058416. X Richard Joseph Koziel, 065235. Merl Marshall Moore, Jr., 058523. Walter Eugene Gunter, 058418. X John Krasko, 059406. X William Thornton Moore, 059120. X Frederick James Haesemeyer, 058420. X Karl Joseph Krstulich, 065251. X Clayton Louis Moran, 059298. X Thomas Carson Hairston, Jr., 065735. XMaurice Keyes Kurtz, Jr., 059107. X Ernest Howard Morgan, 065260. X Alfred Bradford Hale, 059217. XKirby Lamar, 059257. Rex Shorter Morgan, 059496. Allen Keith Hall, 058421. X Russell James Lamp, 059115. X Richard Harry Morley, 065250. XThomas Jefferson Hallman, 059997. X Matthew David Lam pell, 059213. X Langdon Leander Morton, Jr., 065603. X Richard Lee Hammel, 061087. X James Louis Lampros, 059283. Richard Lew Morton, 059313. John Banks Hammond, 065725. Robert John Landseadel, Jr., 065496. X Thomas Lyons Moses, 059280. Kenneth Ray Hampton, 059382. X Arthur Earle LaPorte, Jr., 058472. Mario Victor Motola, 063406. X Donald Eugene Harkins, 065217. Narian Gale Larsen, 058473. X Joseph Edward Muckerman 2d, 059356. X James Lowel Harrington, 065221. Lyle Rodger Larson, 065218. X James Edwin Muenker, 059497. X Richard Emsley Harris, 059979. XRobert Wilson Lauber, 058475. X Robert Macon Mullens, 065246. 03car James Harrison, 058428. XJerry Bennett Lauer, 059164. Edward Lloyd Murphy, Jr., 058527. X Ray Alfred Harrison, 059998. X Douglas Mathewson Lawrence, 065375. X William George Myers, 059658. X Clyde Thomas Hathaway, 065599. X Charles Bopes Lee, 059305. X Robert Ennis Nath, 060002. XThomas Carleton Hathaway, Jr., 058429. X Charles Royal Lehner, Jr., 059241. x Joseph Williams Negard, 063411. X Duane Hays, 058430. X James William Leister, 085738. James Marshall Neil, 059101. John Glennon Hayes, 059331. X Anthony Raymond Lentini, 058479. X Knute Robert Nelson, 061220. Jack Rubin Hayne, 059362. X Carroll Nance LeTellier, 060118. Robert Babcock Nelson, 059211. X Harvey Tipton Heckman, 059171. X Addison Leroy Lewis, 065216. X Robert Charles Nelson, 039091. X James Callahan Hefti, 059830. X Malcolm Kingsley Lewis, 059234. X William James Nelson, 058532. Charles Kenneth Heiden, 059117. X William Thomas Liffiton, 065248. X Wilbert Jerome Newsome, 063418. XGlen M. Hemsley, 058434. X Robert Ernest Liichow, 059174. X Jack Walker Nielsen, 058534. Meredith E. Hendricks, 059129. X Thomas David Lind, 058483. x George Anthony Nigro, 059270. X James Manning Herbert, Jr., 060159. XArthur Herman Lindeman, Jr., 059177. X Robert Wilson Noce, 059175. X Theodore Ernst Hervey, 059208. Leon Ralph Livingston, Jr., 058487. x William Henry Nordin, 059137. X Norbert Francis Hesse, 059502. X Earl James Lochhead, 059336. x William Clinton Norman, 059296. X Charles Joseph Heyer, 060245. X Harold Fredrick Lombard, 059205. x Charles Jackson Norris, 065255. X Pennell Joseph Hickey, 059361. X Eldredge Richard Long, Jr., 058122. X John William Norwalk, 059833. Homer Samuel Long, Jr., 059158. XJoseph Elbert Hicks, 065727. George Alois Nowak, 058539. XWillis Homer Lowrey, 059148. William Charles Hiestand, 059113. Charles. Kilbourne Nulsen, Jr., 059260. William Frederick Luebbert, 059096. X Jack Bart Hilburn, 065224. Stephens Watson Nunnally, 059110. X Robert Wilburn Hill, 065227. XHenry Leroy Luers, 065214. X Hugh John Lynch, 060001. X Tom Christian Oberst, 059178. X Edward Roy Hindman, 059114. X Robert Thomas O'Brien, 059136. X George Earling Hjorth, 058440. X Robert Orren Lynch, 059346. Richard Eugene Mack, 058492. X Louie Walstein Odom, 065231. X John Taylor Hodes, 059261. X Lawrence James Ogden, 059372. X William Harry Hoffman, 059279. X Thomas Ralph MacKenzie, 059119. X John Rod way Mackert, 059146. X Charles Gunter Olentine, 059125. X George Christian Hoffmaster, Jr., 050222. X Robert Eugene Olson, 058542. X Kenneth Harold Holloway 058441. John Harvey Madison, Jr., 059212. X John Francis Magnotti, Jr., 059200. X Sidney Earl Ormes, Jr., 058544. X James Harmon Holt, 059185. XHomer Owsley, Jr, 059498. XHerbert Leslie Hoot, Jr. 059292. X Worthington Manson Mahone, 085282. Charles Randall Pack, 060160. XNorman Barton Hopkins, Jr., 059385. X Clarence Deemer Maiden, Jr., 059832. x X Charles Dana Palmer, 059348. X Robert Leo Horey, 058442. Harry James Maihafer, 059167. X Richard Armstrong Palmer, 058546. X Edward Brinkley Howard, 059223. XPhillip Leon Mallory, 059769. X Dwayne Arthur Panzer, 058547. X Martin Damon Howell, 059181. XEugene Marder, 062807. X Leo Kay Huber, 059250. William Eugene Marfuggi, 059345. Loren Scott Patterson, 059309. William Edward Huber, 059088. X Alexander Francis Mariconda, 059984. XPaul Allen Paulson, 059318. X Billy Daniel Hughes, 065236. Edwin Saul Marks, 059396. x Roland Eustace Peixotto, 059263. XJames Earl Hughes, Jr., 058445. John Tilton Marley, 059314. Edward Wesley Pence, 058552. James Eugene Hughes, 058444. X Francis Rodney Marshall, 058496. Oswald Evan Perkins 058553. X James Monroe Hull, 065733. X Herbert Edgar Marshburn, Jr., 059414. Elmer Bruce Peters, 059198. X John Edwards Hunt, Jr., 065745. X William Henry Marslender, 059389. X John Joseph Petranck, 059236. X John William Hussey, 059999. X Stuart Fonda Martin, 059368. Eugene Phillips, J·r., 065242. XWilfred Ernest Irish, Jr., 065271. Amos Clark Mathews, 059104. X Rocco Piganell, 058558. XBenjamin Franklin Ivey, Jr., 058448. X John Albert Maurer, 059225. Joseph Mario Pingitore, Jr., 059156. X Winston Richmond Jacobs, 058449. Wayne Albert Mautz, 065228. XHomer William Poerner, 065219. X Charles Augustus James 3d, 060000. X Joseph Arthur May, 059265. X George Adams Follin, Jr., 059168. X Thadeus Stanley Janasiewicz, 065266. Arthur James Mayer, 059221. X James Edward Poore 3d, 059295. X Marc Raphael Jartman, 059353. X Glen Ray McAfee, 063410. Roger Douglass Powell, 058560. XWillie Hugh Jenkins, Jr., 062809. X James John McAloon, 065263. X Terence Andrew Powers, 059286. XHubert J. Jensen, 058452. X John Francis McArdle, 059135. X William Sidway Price, 065247. X Reed George Jensen, 059358. X Cosby McBeath, Jr., 059215. William Benjamin Proctor, Jr., 058563. XMaurice Albert Johnson, Jr., 065262. X John Patrick McBride, 058501. XRalph Puckett,· Jr., 059165. X Robert James Johnson, 059357. ·x Dean Jay Mccarron, 059218. XHarold Glenn Quackenbush, 065110. XRoss LeRoy Johnson, 059176. X James Lionel McCarthy, 058502. X Quentin D. Quigley, 060909. ·1952 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5343

XArthur Joseph Rafferty, 058566. X P aul David Terrien, 059379. amination required by law. All others have X John Joseph Ragucci, 059352. X Charles Alton Terry, 058628. been examined and found physically quali­ ·x William Addison Rank, 059099. X Jack Dawson Thomas, 059255. fied for promotion. X John Wilhelm Rasmussen, Jr., 059193. x Donald Eugene Thompson, 059226. To be majors, Army Nurse Corps · X R aymond Joseph Rasmussen, 059161. X Ward Allen Thompson, 065194. X Dagney Viola Josephine Anderson, N1948. XJim Fort Rast, 060117. Richard Emmett Tobin, 059329. X Elsie Anderson, N1943. John Linker Ray, 058570. XJoseph Daniel Toomey, Jr., 059248. X Gertrude Leona Beardsley, N1946. XEarl Howard Reeg, Jr., 058572. X Edward Everette Tourtellotte, 060124. X Margaret Meta Brandt, N543. X Robert Allen Reid, 065718. XEdwin Stuart Townsley, 059094. X Gracie Leola Chapman, N2115. XJohn Charles George Rennie, 059767. X Earl Noble Trabue, 058635. X Alice Belle Clark, N1870. X James Claude Rives, 061138. X George Warner Tracy, 0 59145. X Esther Claussen, N2217. X Ernst Edward Roberts, 059229. X Joseph McLaughlin Turley, 059404. XLouise Mary Clifford, N2114. X Charles Gray Roebuck, 059154. Robert Lee Turman, 058636. XEunice Strange Coleman, N2218. XDavid Benjamin Rogers, Jr., 059341. Albert Farrant Turner, 059293. XMiriam Anna Delp, N1944. XFrederick Carleton Turner, Jr., 058637. X Willard Bernard Rogers, 058580. X Frances Ewing, N69. X Lynn Otto Rohde, 065278. x Glenn Everett Turner, Jr., 058638. X Alice Eliza G aranflo, N1868. X Robert Alexander Ronald, 059337. x Blaine Exeter Twitchell, 060161. X Elizabeth Lucille Gates, N2350. · XRobert Murrell Rose, 059127. x Arthur Rutledge Underwood, 059370. X Elizabeth Thompson Hanna, N2026. Guinn Eugene Unger, 058641. X Bernard Solomon Rosen, 059230. X Marguerite Elizabeth Hendrix, N550. X Allen Earl Van Patten, 065261. Edgar Blair Ross, Jr., 059220. X Dorothy Bernadette Keays, N2352. XMarion Collier Ross, 0 59273. X Jesse Francis Van Sant, 065280. X Agnes Emily Kutac, N86. X Billy Joe Rountree, 059327. X William Steven Vargovick, 059285. X Elwyn Phillips Rowan, 0 59407. X John Otto Vogel, 059320. XFlorie Marion Larson, N2357. X Gordon Douglas Rowe, 058583. XJohn Pat Vollmer, 059284. X~velyn Ethel Leen, N1949. X Everett Clarence Royal, 058584. Richard Henry Wagner, 059122. X Mary Teresa Leonard, N2359. David Carrick Russell, 062279. X Albert Lee Walker, 058644. X Carolyn Antonia Leyko, Nl877. John Laurence Rust, 059162. X Edwin Shane Walters, 058646. XFlorence Cecelia Malone, N2027. X Charles Leo Ryan, Jr., 060004. XJohn Maxey Walton, 058647. X Mary Amelia Marsic, N1956. X John Edward Ryan, 059365. X Charles Walz, 059216. XMarian Marjorie Matheson, N1875. X Bernard Charles Sabel, 059306. X William Oscar Ware, 059282. X Mabel Lewis Mullins, N1942. XJoseph Paul St. Clair, 059325. William Farel Warlick, Jr., 065213. X Margaret Anna Nice, N2119. John Joseph Warnke, Jr., 058649. X Robert Cannon Sanders, 059272. X Ruby Joiner Norwood, N1941. XHancel L. E. Warren, 065722. X Alexander Vincent Sarcione, 059374. XEdna Kathryn Park, N1945. X Francis Leo Sarsfield, 059312. x Oharles Griffis Wellborn, Jr., 065273. X Stanley Wesolowski, 058655. X Sylvia Rosetta Pa•rlovich, N2028. X Paul Leland Savage, 058589. X Julianna Sabat, N1874. XJoseph Louis Schmalzel, Jr., 059252. X William Frederic West, 058656. Norbert Otto Schmidt, 059123. X Alton Ray Wheelock, 059834. X Cecilia Marie Sar, N1876. X James Henry Scholtz, 059349. William Alfred Whichard, 065212. . X Maude Denson Williams, N1871. Gerhard Wilhelm Schulz, 059121. XDonald Eugene Whistler, 059204. XNeta Amelia Zinn, N2356. XRobert Henry Schwarz, 059310. James Alexander Witmarsh, Jr., 059371. To be major, Women's Medical Specialist X LeRoy Victor Sedlacek, 065272. X John David Wightman, 0 59381. Corps X Frank Eugene Wilkins, 063408. XDonald Weston Seibert, 063413. X Emma Theresa Harr, M10004. X Charles Albert Seitz, 058593. X Alton Gusta vius Williams, 060251. X Robert Prickett Selm, 058594. XEdwin James Williams, Jr., 0 58660. To be first lieutenants, Army Nurse Corps Philip Louis Semsch, 058596. X Lonnie Walter Williams, 058661. X Julia Eloise Hambrick, Nl 775. XJoseph Frank Sencay, 059351. XMurray Winn Williams, 059197. X Mable Lorraine Jack, Nl 781. X Harold Edwin Shaw, 058600. XThomas Hutchins Williams, Jr., 059133. Lois King, Nl 771. Henry Bennet Sheets, Jr., 059268. Dan Hugh Williamson, Jr., 0 59173. X Margaret Elizabeth Knox, Nl 777. XWilliam Gordon Williamson, 060010. Dwight MacFarland Sheldon, 058601. X Betty Lou Madden, Nl 778. X Louis Humbert Shelton, 058602. X James Alexander Willson 3d, 059111. X Fred Woodfin Wilmot, 059770. XBetty Washbourne Mitchell, N1783. XKeith Eugene Sickafoose, 059138. X Margaret Mary Shea, Nl 780. Albert Walker Singletary, 059180. X Francis Bernard Wilson, 065737. X Ge0rge Joseph Small, 058607. Charles Clinkscales Winn, 058664. X William Allen Wise 2d, 060855. Chf:.rles Lee Smith, 059399. CONFIRMATIONS Clayton Joseph Smith, 060005. Francis Anthony Wolak, 059086. Duane Howard Smith, 059191. X J . Carver Wood, Jr., 059335. Executive nominations confirmed by X James Francis Smith, Jr., 063422. Richard James Woolshlager, 058667. John Joseph wren, 058669. the Senate May 15 (legislative day of X Simeon Mozart Smith, Jr., 059338. May 12), 1952: X Wayne Carleton Smith, Jr., 059382. X George Wright, 058670. X Leo Eugene Soucek, 060006. X James Henry Wroth, 059142. TAX COURT OF THE U~ITED STATES X Orton Flournoy Spencer, 059240. X Edward Peter Wyruchow:::ki, Jr., 065241. John Gregory Bruce, of Kentucky, to be X Charles Louis Spettel, 059128. X Everett Jacob Yacker, 059153. judge of the Tax Court of the United States X Robert William Spoede, 058610. James Carter Yadon, 058671. X Joseph Jones Yeats, Jr., 059151. for the unexpired term of 12 years from June XRobert Montgomery Spring~r, Jr., 059210. 2, 1946. X Richard Coble Stanton, 061084. Edward Keller Yellman, 059364. X Franklin Eugene Staples, 065616. X John Howard Yepsen, 059267. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY XJoseph Richard Staua-er, 059103. X Ralph Kendall Younger, 058673. Fred Korth, of Texas, to be Assistant Sec­ James Harris Steel, 059324. X Arthur William Youngren, 065279. retary of the Army. X Lewis Lowenstein Zickel, 059366. X Donald Howard Steenburn, 058614. IN THE ARMY X Joseph Benton Steffy, Jr., 059410. Charles Bruce Zumwalt, 058679. The following-named officers for temporary X Leslie Earle Stephenson, 058615. To be first lieutenants, Medical Service XDouglas Penn Stickley, Jr., 059387. Corps appointment in the Army of the United States to the grades indicated under the pro­ Thomas William Stockton, 059199. X Lester Milton Bornstein, 058315. X George Hans Strauss, 058618. X Donald Francis Callaghan, 065253. visions of subsection 515 ( c) of the Officer X St. Clair Streett, Jr., 059163. John Robert Cross, 058354. Personnel Act of 1947: X Howard Lynn Strohecker, 059084. X Roger William Little, 065220. To be major generals XGeorge Stukhart, Jr., 0 59139. X Dale Emerson Wykoff, 058678. Brig. Gen. William Lillard Barriger, X Leon Holiday Sugg, 065226. To be first lieutenants, Women's Army Corps x George Donald Summers, 059194. 011220. X Lee Eli Surut, 059150. XMargaret Mary Bulter, L391. Brig. Gen. James Clyde Fry, 015023. X Russell Jones Suther, 058623. X Bernice Marie Strube, L333. Brig. Gen. Leroy Hugh Watson, 03896. XAlbert Benjamin Suttle, Jr., 059182. X Virginia Harriet Wandelt, L355. Brig. Gen. George Honnen, 012816. X John Earl Sutton, 059155. The following-named officers for promo­ To be brigadier generals X Quentin Sleaford Swain, Jr., 065267. tion in the Regular Army of the United Col. Leo Vincent Warner, 08634. X Stanley Purl Swartz, 063421. States, under the provisions of section 107 of XTrevor Washington Swett, Jr., 059321. the Army-Navy Nurses Act of 1947, as Col. Edward Joseph O'Neill, 015952. X Richard Joseph Tallman, 059277. amended by section 3, Public Law 514, Col. Frederic Joseph Brown, 016761. X Joseph William Tatasciore, 065615. Eighty-first Congress, approved May 16, 1950. Col. Carl Henry Jark, 017556. X Dean Mount Teece, 059100. Those officers whose names are preceded by Col. Pau1. Donal Harkins, 017625. X James Michael Templeman, 060007. the symbol ( X) are subject to physical ex- Col. Barksdale Hamlett, 018143. XCVIII-336 5344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORp :=SENATE May 1.6

The following-named persons for appoint­ James Eugene Mcinerney, Jr. James Russell Brickel ment in the Army Nurse Corps, Regular Army John Robinson McLemore Charles James Bridgman of the United States, in the grade indicated John Edward Milner Bruce Kilroy Brown under the provisions of Public Law 36, Thomas Willard Moore, Jr. Charles Waters Bryan Eightieth Congress, subject to physical quali­ John Ross Morgan, Jr. James William Burch fications: Thomas John Murphy Robert Morris Burch To be second lieutenants Gerald Junior Naber William Harold Campbell Emmett Augustus Niblaok, Jr. Harry Willis Cawthon Marguerite C. Casey, N804793. Raymond Francis Norton Calbraith Perry Champlin~ Jr. Jean C. Cynkar, N804489. Marcus Ray Oliphant Allen Clark, Jr. Dorothy M. Kuehn, N804828. John Theodore Olson Lawrence Hutchinson Clarke, Jr. Mary F. McLean, N900308. Elmer Gordon Pahre John Cedric Conover IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE Robert Don Pajares J ack Wilbur Cook The following-named cadets, United States John Edward Panchisin Keith Donald Cordes Military Academy, for appointment in the James Patrick Paris Wendell Ernest Cosner Regular Air Force, in the grade indicated, Arthur Carl Peters, Jr. James Ronald Crews effective June 3, 1952, upon their graduation, Frank T. Pimentel James Britton Crowell, Jr. under the provisions of section 506, Public John Edward Ralph Walter B. Cumbaa Law 381, Eightieth Congress (Officer Per­ James Horace Reeves Edward Eugene Daniels sonnel Act of 1947), with date of rank to be Russel Riegel Rentschler Frederic Cornell Davis determined by the Secretary of the Air Force: Donald Luther Richardson William Alexander Deaton Robert Brooks Richardson John Samuel Degman To be second lieutenants Graham Wharton Rider William John Delaney J ames Henry Aldredge, Jr. John Francis Robinson Richard Eduard Denfeld J osepn Clair Austin Davis Charles Rohr Roy Sterling Dickey Richard Julian Baker John Paul Rollston John Charles Dickinson, Jr. John Landaker Baldner Robert Campbell Rounding George Huntington Dimon, Jr. Donald William Barton George Lloyd Rule, Jr. Clinton Festus Dodson, Jr. Bruce Raymond Beard Robert Louis Rutte Maynard Weston Dow Roy Nelson Berry II Louis Celestino Scalzo William Walton Dunn William Paul Bingham Warren Alan Scaman Eugene George Eames Daniel Boone Robert Nels Shelgren Donn Fulton Eisele William Guy Britton William Laurie Shields, Jr. Dale Forrest Ellis Loren Read Brooks Raymond Charles Simmons William Herbert Elrod, Jr. Joseph Arthur Bulger, Jr. Joseph Searle Simon Maurice Allan Enderle Juan Guerrero Burciaga Kenneth Adrian Simonet Coy Eugene Etheridge, Jr. Gerald John Carey, Jr. David Sheridan Smith William Ashby Evans, Jr. Robert Angelo Carlone Robert Turner Smyth Jean Barry Falgoust Henry F. Carter Clyde William Snodgrass Keith David Fellerman -Thomas Paul Casey James Everett Spence, Jr. J ames Elry Fischer Martin Joseph Celec James Harold Sullivan John Joseph Foley, Jr. Louis Lawrence Churchill Stephen William Swatt Karl Morris Friedman Michael Collins Robert Bringhurst Tanguy Paul William Feulling, Jr. Robert Jay Craig James Edward Underwood William Davis Gallinger Robert Louis Craine Joseph John Urschel Robert Anson Gay Alfred Emmanuel Crehan Robert Winfield Vining George Abraham George William Harvey Dana William Thomas Waldrop Richard Geriak Philip John Erdle Thomas Edward Walls Charles Walton Giles J ames Richard Erwine Arthur Lake Webster II Raymond Francis Girard, Jr. Laurean Thomas Esian Henry Meadows West Edward Galen Givens, Jr. John William Feyrer Edward Higgins White II Robert Hinds Gorman Robert Franklin Freeman James Richard Wiggins Jerome William Gottesman William DeWitt Gordon Donald Nelson Williamson Walter Lee Gragg, Jr. Stanley Lee Gregg Robert Fredrick Curry Winger Edward Francis Greer, Jr. Richard John Hall Clinton Harold Winne, Jr. Donald Alford Griffing John Joseph Halloran J ames William Woodward, Jr. Santiago Guzman, Jr. Ercell Century Hamilton, Jr. Robert Donald Woodward John Arthur Haaren Charles Vincent Harvey Charles David Youree, Jr. Ronald Farrell Battin Orin Robert Hilmo Frank William Hauff, Jr. Thomas Herbert Hobbs The following-named cadet, United States Military Academy, for appointment in the Wendell Thomas Hazlett James Dickerson Hogan William Simpson Henderson, Jr. Robert Eugene Hubeli Regular Air Force, in the grade indicated ef­ fective June 3, 1952, upon his graduation, Harold Hayne Hester James Bardes Ivers Keete Lockett Hester Elmer Mason Jenkins under the provisions of sec. 506, Public Law 381, Eightieth Congress (Officer Personnel Act Lester Rolin Hewitt, Jr. Lawrence Duane Johnson Carl Boyd Hilland Francis Xavier Kellt of 1947), subject to physical qualification with date of rank to be determined by th~ Frank Lewis Hines Robert Neill Kelley Secretary of the Air Force: Jimmie Scott Honaker Thomas Leese Kelsey Jesse Barnes Houston, Jr. Robert Bruce Kendall Sherman Lile Webster Robert Lynn Howell Eobert Bennett King The following-named midshipmen, United William Brenner Hoyt Glennon Mead Kingsley II States Naval Academy, for appointment in Harvison Hunt John Christopher Knaggs the Regular Air Force, in the grade indicat­ John Edward Hutton, Jr. Raymond Fred Koestner ed effective June 3, 1952, upon their gradu­ Robert Joseph Isidoro Kenneth Harold Kronlund ation, under the provisions of section 506, Donald Eugene Jensen Gerald Alvin Kutz Public Law 381, Eightieth Congress (Officer Clarence Louis Johnson William Dearborn Landon Personnel Act of 1947), with date of rank to Paul Wayne Johnson Ralph Edmund Leonard be determined by the Secretary of the Air Roger Wayne Johnson William Lee Linkenhoger Force: Roy Harding Jordan Theodore Roosevelt Loeschner, Jr. To be second lieutenants Robert Thomas Joyce Larry Roland Lucas Thomas Anthony Julian Douglas Glen Ludlam, Jr Mark Oliver Abbott Richard Dwight Kanakanul Charles Jennings Luther John Henry Allen Joseph Eugene Karbus John Macik Mason Evans Anderson William Bernard Kelly Preston Tyson Maddocks Warren Randolph Anderson Richard Elmer Kersteen Terrell Butler Mallard, Jr. Thomas Neil Bakke Edwin Harris King, Jr. Arthur Thomas Martin Charles Davison Ballou William Leroy Kirk Reginald Hardy Mattox -Robert Paul Bartley Walter Charles Knapp William J ames McClelland Theodore Henry Beauref;ard George Jerome Kubal · Thomas James McClung Robert Graham Bell Maurice Italo Lallement Richard Ernest McCoy · Francis William Bernier David Wall Lang Willard Lee McCullough Joseph Edward Bower :Walker Ames Larimer 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE J ames Odo Lay The following-named midshipman, United proclaim the 7-day period beginning May 18, Andrew Yves LeMoal States Naval Academy, for appointment in 1952, as Olympic Week. Edward Jones Leonard the Regular Air Force, in the grade indicated, Yll'illiam Gilmore Lept hien effective June 3, 1952, upon his graduation. The message also announced that the George William Lester, Jr. under the provisions of section 506, Public Senate agrees to the report of the com­ J ames Frederick Link Law 381, Eightieth Congress (Officer Person­ mittee of conference on the disagree­ Nicholas Arthur Liontas nel Act of 1947), subject to physical qualifi­ ing votes of the two Houses on the William Arthur Lusby, Jr. cation, with date of rank to be determined amendments of the Senate to the bill Richard Curtis Lyons by the Secretary of the Air Force: