DOCSLIB.ORG

Erste Version

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Energy dependency, the potential supply of renewable energies and the political responses in Turkey in the decades since the oil-crisis Dissertation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. phil. at the Institute for Political Sciences of the Technical University of Darmstadt Dissertation of Melek Akca Prill First supervisor: Prof. Dr. Michèle Knodt Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Markus Lederer Darmstadt, 2019 Akca Prill, Melek: Energy dependency, the potential supply of renewable energies and the political responses in Turkey in the decades since the oil-crisis, Technical University of Darmstadt Year of publication of Dissertation at TUprints: 2020 Day of disputation: 18.12.2019 Published under CC BY 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ ii Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that the thesis submitted is my own unaided work. All direct or indirect sources used are acknowledged as references. I am aware that the thesis in digital form can be examined for the use of unauthorized aid and in order to determine whether the thesis as a whole or parts incorporated in it may be deemed as plagiarism. For the comparison of my work with existing sources I agree that it shall be entered in a database where it shall also remain after examination, to enable comparison with future theses submitted. Further rights of reproduction and usage, however, are not granted here. This paper was not previously presented to another examination board and has not been published. Melek Akca Prill Istanbul, 12.10.2019 iii ABSTRACT The transition to post-fossil future and widespread utilization of renewable energy technologies have become inevitable across the globe, not only due to limited amount of fossil energy sources, but also the impacts of human-dominated activities on the planet Earth. Turkey, is one of the countries, having scant amount of fossil energy, but rich in various renewable sources with the sufficient capacity to contribute Turkey’s primary energy goals; such as diminishing energy dependency, increasing supply security and diversification of energy sources. Nevertheless, the country is still highly dependent on natural gas and crude-oil imports to meet its growing energy hunger as a result of economic and demographic expansion as well as the insufficient implementation of the energy efficiency technologies. The rising energy imports and therewith the current account deficit put a big burden on country’s vulnerable economy. Turkish government plans to raise the share of renewable energy sources in electricity production to at least 30% by 2023. The calculations show that geothermal power and biomass-based energy production will achieve the 2023 targets, while solar energy installations remain insufficient in number. Wind- and hydropower with their high potential and adequate number of proposed facilities will contribute to the total electricity generation in considerable amount. The public awareness and social acceptance of utilization renewable energy plants have positive impacts to the gradual development of these plants. iv PREFACE The thesis „Energy dependency, the potential supply of renewable energies and the political responses in Turkey in the decades since the oil-crisis” is made up as a completion of the doctoral studies in political science between 2012-2018. The research interest in the field of Energy Politics of Turkey has initially emerged during my master studies in Turkey and Germany. After my graduation in Master of Arts in European Studies in the field of Turkey and the European Union Energy Politics, I decided to put more emphasis on the role and potential of renewable energies for diminishing the external energy dependency of Turkey, and herewith started my doctoral studies. With its unique geographical situation and abundant amount of renewable energy sources, Turkey has a very special geostrategic position between East and West. Therefore, energy plays a major role for the country in accomplishing its foreign policy goals. From the time I started my research until I finished it, no major changes have been taken place in country’s energy policy goals and strategies. The country is still highly dependent on fossil fuel energy sources, ultimately energy imports, and has scant capacity of using its renewable energy sources such as wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass. In its foreign policy, there had been significant changes, which dramatically influenced country’s relationships with its neighbour countries as well as its energy cooperation and pipeline agreements. Not only externally, the country experience significant internal political challenges and serious economic instabilities. During these vicissitudes concerning internal and external affairs of Turkey, analysing their impacts on country’s energy policy have been interesting as well as quite challenging. In this context, it would have not been possible to write this thesis without the guidance and invaluable contributions of my previous advisor Prof. Dr. Elmar Altvater. I feel indebted for his generosity in sharing his time, as well as his continued support and patience in each stage of my thesis. Furthermore, I am very thankful to my current advisor, Prof. Dr. Michèle Knodt, for her gracious support and time, her supervision and to review my thesis. Finally, my gratitude goes also to my mother and father for their encouragement and trust in me. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... IV PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................... V TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 7 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.4. CONTENT OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 18 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND THE ENERGY ERAS ........................................................ 19 2.1. PRE-FOSSIL ENERGY ERA ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.2. FOSSIL ENERGY ERA ........................................................................................................................................ 22 2.3. POST-FOSSIL ENERGY ERA ............................................................................................................................. 37 3. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES OF TURKEY ...................................................................... 40 3.1. OIL ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40 3.1.1. Oil Pipelines .............................................................................................................................................. 44 3.1.2. Political Conflicts and Turkey-Cyprus-Israel Energy Triangle .......................................... 49 3.2. NATURAL GAS ................................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.1. The Proportion of Natural Gas Imports in Turkey’s Energy Dependency ..................... 56 3.2.2. Transmission and Pricing System of Natural Gas in Turkey .............................................. 60 3.2.3. Natural Gas Pipeline Network in Turkey .................................................................................... 63 3.2.4. The Contribution of Liquefied Natural Gas ................................................................................ 81 3.2.5. Underground Natural Gas Storage Capacity of Turkey ........................................................ 83 3.3. COAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 87 3.3.1. Hard Coal .................................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Project Financing of Cross-Border Pipelines a Presentation to the Energy Charter Workshop Brussels

    The Project Financing of Cross-Border Pipelines a Presentation to the Energy Charter Workshop Brussels

    The Project Financing of Cross-Border Pipelines a presentation to the Energy Charter Workshop Brussels by Rubin Weston Chadbourne & Parke 17 October 2006 Regis House, 45 King William Street London EC4R 9AN Tel: +44 (0) 20 7337 8031 [email protected] © 2006, CHADBOURNE & PARKE All Rights Reserved Chadbourne & Parke: Legal Leaders in Energy Representing EBRD on the $180 million and $170 million financings of LUKoil’s and SOCAR’s respective investments in the Shah Deniz gas field and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline Representing SOCAR on a $750 million loan facility in respect of the repayment of carry financing provided by TPAO and Exxon in respect of the ACG oil field and the financing of future cash calls Representing IFC on a $82 million loan to SC Petrotel-Lukoil SA to finance the modernisation of its refinery in Ploesti, Romania Represented Black Sea Trade and Development Bank and IFC on the financing of the Galata Gas Field, located offshore of Varna, Bulgaria in the Black Sea, the first limited recourse upstream project financing in the Black Sea Represented Transneft on a US $150 million syndicated receivable based financing facility arranged by Raiffeisen, Transneft’s first syndicated loan Represented IFC on the financing for a portion of LUKoil’s share of development of the Karachaganak field, the largest limited recourse petroleum project financing in Kazakhstan Represented Nations Energy on a US $150 million syndicated financing arranged by CSFB for the development of the Karazhanbas oil field in Kazakhstan and the
  • Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines

    Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines

    World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies.
  • The Political Feasibility of the Istanbul Canal Project Mensur Akgün & Sylvia Tiryaki

    The Political Feasibility of the Istanbul Canal Project Mensur Akgün & Sylvia Tiryaki

    POLICY BRIEF GLOBAL POLITICAL TRENDS CENTER (GPoT) THE POLITICAL FEASIBILITY OF THE ISTANBUL CANAL PROJECT MENSUR AKGÜN & SYLVIA TIRYAKI August 2011 | GPoT PB no. 27 ABSTRACT Popularly referred to as the “crazy” project, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Istanbul Canal Project has been debated vigorously since its proposal prior to the 2011 elections in the country. While some questioned its economic and ecological feasibility, others carried the discussion towards the Project’s political implications. In addition to evaluating these debates, in this policy brief we discuss the Project through a historical perspective that includes the dynamics of the 1936 Montreux Convention. We argue that the feasibility of the Canal Project is valid only after certain changes are made in the application of the Montreux Convention. However, we conclude that this may lead to an outcome in which the signatories would question the legitimacy of the Convention under present conditions. that would be spent on the Project could Introduction be used more efficiently. Despite being an election pledge, the Proposed by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Prime Minister’s statement was taken Erdoğan’s in an election campaign speech seriously by almost everyone (excepting on April 29, 2011 and often referred to as his political opponents). Indeed, land the “crazy” project, the Istanbul Canal speculation started in the area that the Project that will connect Black Sea and the canal is estimated to pass through, and Sea of Marmara bypassing the Strait of Ankara representative of the country that Istanbul, has elicited many questions and is sensitive about the status of the Straits criticisms.
  • The Struggle for Democratic Environmental Governance Around

    The Struggle for Democratic Environmental Governance Around

    The struggle for democratic environmental governance around energy projects in post-communist countries: the role of civil society groups and multilateral development banks by Alda Kokallaj A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2014 Alda Kokallaj Abstract This dissertation focuses on the struggle for democratic environmental governance around energy projects in post-communist countries. What do conflicts over environmental implications of these projects and inclusiveness reveal about the prospects for democratic environmental governance in this region? This work is centred on two case studies, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and the Vlora Industrial and Energy Park. These are large energy projects supported by the governments of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Albania, and by powerful international players such as oil businesses, multilateral development banks (MDBs), the European Union and the United States. Analysis of these cases is based on interviews with representatives of these actors and civil society groups, narratives by investigative journalists, as well as the relevant academic literature. I argue that the environmental governance of energy projects in the post-communist context is conditioned by the interplay of actors with divergent visions about what constitutes progressive development. Those actors initiating energy projects are shown to generally have the upper hand in defining environmental governance outcomes which align with their material interests. However, the cases also reveal that the interaction between civil society and MDBs creates opportunities for society at large, and for non-government organizations who seek to represent them, to have a greater say in governance outcomes – even to the point of stopping some elements of proposed projects.
  • BOOK TITLE Urban Mega Projects in the Northern Istanbul Metropolitan Regıon

    BOOK TITLE Urban Mega Projects in the Northern Istanbul Metropolitan Regıon

    BOOK TITLE URBAN MEGA PROJECTS IN THE NORTHERN ISTANBUL MetROPOLITAN REGION: ECHOES OF INTEGRATED GlobAL URBANIZATION Tuba Kolat Advisor: Dr. Catharina Gabrielsson Degree Project Master of Science (MSc), Sustainable Urban Planning and Design Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would not have been able to complete this master thesis without the creative insight, contributions and guidance of my advisor Dr. Catharina Gabrielsson. Her deep knowledge about urbanisation literature and enthusiasm on İstanbul encouraged me to overcome the struggles regarding to dissertation phase and conclude my master thesis. Secondly, I would also like to thank my class fellows, Per Sherif Zakhour, Katja Castellanos Paap, So- fia Sjölund Henriksson, Rosa Danenberg, Hanna Zetterlund and Jannik Scheer for their support, advise and making my Stockholm experience much more valuable with their strong background and rich experiences. My gratitude also goes to Yasin Bariş Göğüş, who keeps my tie with İstanbul alive, by help of his extensive knowledge on İstanbul. Also special thanks to David Lidén for his motivation and valuable support during the final phase of my master thesis. Finally, I am very grateful to my family, Nalan Müftüoğlu, Haluk, Lütfi, Zeynep and Şayeste Kolat who enable me to accomplish this work thanks to their renunciant sacrifices and valuable endeavors over the years. v CoNTENTS PREFACE x CHAPTER 1 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1 AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTION 2 METHODOLOGY 4 SOURCE CRITICISM 6 CHAPTER 2 7 A LITERATURE REVIEW
  • Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review Co-Funded by the European Union

    Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review Co-Funded by the European Union

    Co-funded by the European Union Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review Co-funded by the European Union Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines IEA member IEA association the full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas Australia Brazil and coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance Ireland the reliability, Italy affordability and Japan sustainability of Korea energy in its 30 Luxembourg member countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA) has been conducting in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries – and of other countries – since 1976, and it recently modernised these reviews to focus on some of the countries’ key energy transition and security challenges. FOREWORD Azerbaijan is one of the focus countries of the EU4Energy programme, which is carried out by the IEA and the European Union along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat.
  • Caspian Oil and Gas Complements Other IEA Studies of Major Supply Regions, Such As Middle East Oil and Gas and North African Oil and Gas

    Caspian Oil and Gas Complements Other IEA Studies of Major Supply Regions, Such As Middle East Oil and Gas and North African Oil and Gas

    3 FOREWORD The Caspian region contains some of the largest undeveloped oil and gas reserves in the world. The intense interest shown by the major international oil and gas companies testifies to its potential. Although the area is unlikely to become “another Middle East”, it could become a major oil supplier at the margin, much as the North Sea is today. As such it could help increase world energy security by diversifying global sources of supply. Development of the region’s resources still faces considerable obstacles. These include lack of export pipelines and the fact that most new pipeline proposals face routing difficulties due to security of supply considerations,transit complications and market uncertainties. There are also questions regarding ownership of resources, as well as incomplete and often contradictory investment regimes. This study is an independent review of the major issues facing oil and gas sector developments in the countries along the southern rim of the former Soviet Union that are endowed with significant petroleum resources: Azerbaijan, Kazakstan,Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Caspian Oil and Gas complements other IEA studies of major supply regions, such as Middle East Oil and Gas and North African Oil and Gas. It also expands on other IEA studies of the area, including Energy Policies of the Russian Federation and Energy Policies of Ukraine. The study was undertaken with the co-operation of the Energy Charter Secretariat, for which I would like to thank its Secretary General, Mr. Peter Schütterle. Robert Priddle Executive Director 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The IEA wishes to acknowledge the very helpful co-operation of the Energy Charter Secretariat, with special thanks to Marat Malataev, Temuri Japaridze, Khamidulah Shamsiev and Galina Romanova.
  • The Istanbul Canal Project and Turkey's Increasing Assertiveness

    The Istanbul Canal Project and Turkey's Increasing Assertiveness

    politicon.co The Istanbul Canal Project and Turkey’s Increasing Assertiveness in Regional Politics Anar Imanzade May 2021 The Istanbul Canal project has been a subject of intense debates in Turkey in recent years. This project has technical, environmental and construction aspects. This paper will put a specific emphasis on the Istanbul Canal’s impact from a legal perspective, more precisely, its relevance for international law and power politics. Firstly, the paper aims to explain whether the Canal project is a violation of international law or not. Secondly, it discusses the reasons behind the explanation by applying the realist theory of international relations. Finally, it aims to foresee which changes Istanbul Canal might impose to the balance of power in the region. Background The Istanbul Canal project envisions constructing a new canal passing through the European side of Istanbul. This canal is planned to become an alternative to Bosporus which at this moment is the only waterway ensuring the passage of warships and merchant vessels out of and into the Black Sea. The Istanbul Canal project was first suggested in 1994 by then Turkish Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit, however, it was not topical until Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s official announcement in 2011. In 2019, President Erdoğan stated that the implementations will start taking place in 2020 and are expected to be finished by 2023. As the project is sufficiently ambitious, apart from financial spending and geographical changes, its legal and political impact is also questioned. The Erdoğan government has been a target of criticism due to the initiative to revive the project.
  • Security Review

    Security Review

    Security Review Zurab Batiashvili Turkey and Black Sea Security 2021 All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. Copyright © 2021 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies For Turkey, the Black Sea was associated with the Soviet threat during the Cold War, and in this regard, a joint Turkish-American “policy of containment” was pursued. The chain of US and NATO military facilities, dislocated along the entire Turkish Black Sea coastline, focused on neutralizing this threat. US and NATO military facilities on Turkish territory during the Cold War After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent pursuit of a more independent foreign policy by Turkey, Ankara radically changed its perception of threats. It can be said that the interests of the West and Turkey in the Black Sea sometimes not only fail to coincide, but, in many cases, contradict each other. In addition to its emotional connection to the Black Sea, once known as the "Ottoman Lake", Turkey has the longest coastline on the Sea and, most importantly, controls the gateway connecting the Black Sea to the outside world (via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits). This puts Ankara in a unique position in relation to the Black Sea. At this stage, we can identify three main issues that are important for a better understanding of Turkey's perspective on Black Sea security.

  • Christianizing Asia Minor Paul Mckechnie Index More Information

    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48146-5 — Christianizing Asia Minor Paul McKechnie Index More Information Index 1 John, New Testament epistle, 51, 56, 118 Alexander son of Antonios, 148, 150, 1 Peter, New Testament epistle, 51, 213 165–6, 210, 247 1 Timothy, New Testament epistle, 152 Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, 214 4 Ezra, 100 Alexander, martyr, 117 Alexandria, 27, 51, 167, 193, 214, 216 ab epistulis, 76, 177 Alexandros aka Artemon, 192 Abdul Hamid, 150, 158 Alexandros son of Domnos, 242 Aberkios stone, 157, 179 Alexandros son of Epigonos, 199 Aberkios, bishop of Hierapolis, 16, 45, 127, Alexandros son of Gaios, 199, 223, 293 131, 137, 139, 147–65, 207, 210, 221, Alexandros son of Menekrates, 220, 290 228, 240, 244, 246–7, 263–87 alimentary schemes, 180 Abgar VIII, 162 Allexandreia, 235 Abraham, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Allexandros, 235 Abras, presbyter, 256 aloes, 55 Abris, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Alphios, presbyter, 256 Achaean/s, 69 Anaitis, 41 Acts of St Trophimus, 199 Ancyra, 18, 30, 127–8, 146, 188–9, 259, Adana, 72 308 Adıgüzel Dam, 99 angel/s, 4, 20, 25, 31–2, 85, 94, 96–7, 103, Adrianople, 258 111, 130, 153, 155, 161, 173, 184–5, aedicula, 155 227–8, 287 Aegean, 8 Anicetus, bishop of Rome, 79, 82 Aelius Aristides, 86 Aniketos, 257 Aelius Glykon, 65 Anne, Queen, 79 Aelius Publius Julius, 116, 131 anonymous anti-Montanist writer, 100–2, aeons, 70 106, 108, 120, 126, 128, 131, 144, 158 Africa, 97, 101, 129–30, 164, 213, 255 anti-Marcionite prologue, 55 Afyonkarahisar, 166, 215, 234, 291 antimony, 108 Ağa
  • AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING

    AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING

    AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING VOLUME: 34 ISSUE: 4 2019 E-ISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING OWNER OF JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences Prof. Genario Belmonte University of Salento, Italy EDITOR IN CHIEF Prof. Carsten Harms Prof. Devrim Memiş Applied University Bremerhaven, Germany İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey Prof. Konstantinos Kormas University of Thessaly, Greece DEAN Prof. Sergi Sabater Prof. Dr. Meriç Albay Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Spain Prof. Maya Petrova Stoyneva-Gaertner CO EDITOR IN CHIEF Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria Prof. Özkan Özden Prof. Nuray Erkan İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey LANGUAGE EDITOR Prof. Reyhan Akçaalan İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey Joanne Bates Department of Foreign Languages, İstanbul University, Prof. Saadet Karakulak İstanbul, Turkey İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Lukas Kalous Czech COVER PHOTO University of Life Sciences, Czech Prof. Dr. Melek İşinibilir Okyar Dr. Klaus Kohlmann E-mail: [email protected] Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Turkey Dr. Piero Addis University of Cagliari, Italy Dr. Nico Salmaso Research and Innovation Centre, Italy Dr. Petra Viser University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher Copyright © 2019 İstanbul University Press Journal Adress:
  • 545 Distribution of Lessepsian Migrant and Non-Native Freshwater Fish

    545 Distribution of Lessepsian Migrant and Non-Native Freshwater Fish

    Acta Aquatica Turcica E-ISSN: 2651-5474 16(4), 545-557 (2020) DOI: https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.742217 Distribution of Lessepsian Migrant and Non-Native Freshwater Fish Species in Mediterranean Brackish Waters of Turkey Deniz İNNAL* Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Biology Department, 15100, Burdur, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] Research Article Received 24 May 2020; Accepted 24 July 2019; Release date 01 December 2020. How to Cite: İnnal, D. (2020). Distribution of lessepsian migrant and non-native freshwater fish species in Mediterranean brackish waters of Turkey. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 16(4), 545-557. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.742217 Abstract The introduction of invasive fish species is considered to be one of the major causes of species endangerment in aquatic ecosystems. More than 30 non-native freshwater fish species which are introduced for the different purpose were reported in Turkey. In addition to the freshwater non-native fish species, the brackish water systems are also affected by the fish species that enter the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. This study aimed to identify non-native fish species introduced in the Mediterranean brackish water systems of Turkey. Thirteen non-native species from eleven families were identified from 15 localities along the entire Mediterranean Coast of Turkey between 2014-2017. These species are Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848), Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), Chelon carinatus (Valenciennes 1836), Equulites klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898), Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855), Upeneus pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989, Siganus rivulatus Forsskål & Niebuhr, 1775, Sillago suezensis Golani, Fricke & Tikochinski, 2013 and Sphyraena chrysotaenia Klunzinger, 1884.