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Development of Active Air Suspension System for Small Agricultural Vehicles
Big Data In Agriculture (BDA) 2(2) (2020) 41-46 Big Data In Agriculture (BDA) DOI: http://doi.org/10.26480/bda.02.2020.41.46 ISSN: 2682-7786 (Online) CODEN: BDAIDR RESEARCH ARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR SMALL AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES Kamran Ikrama, Yasir Niaza, Shanawar Hamida, Muhammad Usman Ghanib, Muhammad Zeeshan Manshad, Muhammad Adnan Bodlaha, Muhammad Nadeemb,f, Muhammad Mubashar Omarb, Faizan Shabira, Muhammad Mohsin Waqasa*, Hassan Arshadc, Robeel Alic, Ghulam Yasine, Shoaib Hassanc, M. Bilal Akramc a Departmennt of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan. Pakistan b University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan c Department of Mechanical Engineering, IEFR, Pakistan d Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Pakistan e Department of Forestry and Range Management, BZU, Multan, Pakistan f Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Canada *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History: Air ride suspension carries the load on each axle with a pressurized air bag just as a high pressure balloon. This system provides the smoothest and most shock free ride of any of the known vehicle suspension system. Received 11 January 2020 An air suspension includes a multiple air spring assemblies that each includes a piston airbag and a primary Accepted 13 February 2020 airbag mounted over the piston airbag. -
Multi-Axle Air Suspension System for a Vehicle
Europaisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (g) Publication number: 0 435 587 A2 12 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION @ Application number : 90314050.7 © Int CI.5 : B60G 5/00, B60G 11/27, B60G 17/052 (22) Date of filing : 20.12.90 (So) Priority : 23.12.89 GB 8929185 @ Inventor : Griffiths, Paul John 13 East Green, Sealand Manor, Sealand Deeside, Clwyd, CH5 2SG, Wales (GB) (43) Date of publication of application : 03.07.91 Bulletin 91/27 @ Representative : Spall, Christopher John et al BARKER, BRETTELL & DUNCAN 138 Hagley @ Designated Contracting States : Road BE DE DK ES FR IT NL Edgbaston Birmingham B16 9PW (GB) (71) Applicant : RUBERY OWEN-ROCKWELL LIMITED P.O. Box 10, Booth Street, Darlaston Wednesbury West Midlands WS10 8JD (GB) (3) Multi-axle air suspension system for a vehicle. @ A multi-axle air suspension system for a tipping vehicle having towards its near a rear axle (7'") and at least one other axle (7", T) forward of the rear axle, provides selective over-riding of the normal load equalising system between the axles during tipping so as to alleviate hogging bending moments on the vehicle's chassis. A selectively operable pressure reducing valve (41) is in circuit with a pressure air source, air springs (7C, 8C) of the rear axle (7"') and with first and second valves (23, 32), selectively operated by a third valve (39), which are in circuit with the air springs (7C, 8C ; 7B, 8B ; 7A, 8A) of the rear axle (7"') and the other axle(s) (7", 7). Operation of the first and second valves (23, 32) isolates the air springs (7C, 8C) of at least the rear axles (7"') from those of the other axle or axles (7", 7') and connects the pressure reducing valve (41) to the latter air springs (7B, 8B ; 7A, 8A) so as to lower the air pressure in those air springs. -
2011 Cadillac STS Warranty Guide
Cadillac Limited Warranty and Owner Assistance Information - 2011 Black plate (1,1) IMPORTANT: This booklet contains important information about the vehicle's warranty coverage. It also explains owner assistance information and GM's participation in an Alternative Dispute Resolution Program. Keep this booklet with your vehicle and make it available to a Cadillac dealer if warranty work is needed. Be sure to keep it with your vehicle if you sell it so future owners will have the information. Owner's Name: Street Address: City & State: Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): Date Vehicle First Delivered or Put In Use: Odometer Reading on Date Vehicle First Delivered or Put In Use: Cadillac Limited Warranty and Owner Assistance Information - 2011 Black plate (2,1) Have you purchased the Genuine GM Protection Plan? The GM Protection Plan may be purchased within specific time/mileage limitations. Remember, if the service contract you are considering for purchase does not have the GM Protection Plan emblem shown above on it, then it is not the Genuine GM Protection Plan from GM. © 2010 Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. GENERAL MOTORS, GM, CADILLAC, and the CADILLAC emblem are registered trademarks of General Motors LLC. Part No. 25966010 A First Printing Cadillac Limited Warranty and Owner Assistance Information - 2011 Black plate (3,1) 2011 Cadillac Limited Warranty and Owner Assistance Information Important Message to Cadillac Escalade Hybrid Vehicle Operation and Care . 18 Owners... .......................1 Warranty . 14 Maintenance and Warranty GM's Commitment . 1 What is Covered . 15 Service Records . 18 Owner Assistance . -
Active Air Suspension System
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 6, Issue 05, 2018 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Active Air Suspension System Suchit Naresh Moon Department of Mechanical Engineering Nagpur Institute of Technology, India Abstract— Air ride suspension carries the load on each axle with a pressurized air bag just as a high pressure balloon. This system provides the smoothest and most shock free ride of any of the known vehicle suspension system. An air suspension includes a multiple air spring assemblies that each includes a piston airbag and a primary airbag mounted over the piston airbag. The primary and piston airbags each have a variable volume that is controlled independently of the other for active suspension control. Air ride system provides some important following features: 1) The system automatically adjusts air pressure in the air bag so that the trailer always rides at the same height, whether lightly loaded or heavily loaded. 2) The higher air bag pressure associated with higher trailer loads automatically provides a stiffer suspension which is required for a smooth ride. 3) The lower air bag pressure for lightly loaded conditions automatically provides for a softer suspension, thus providing the same ride quality for all trailer loading conditions. Since each axle is independently supported by its own air bag, Fig. 1: Locating Suspension Units the air ride suspension is known as fully independent suspension system. The automatic control of the air bag II. FULLY ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM pressure is accomplished by a solid state electronic control system specifically designed and packaged for vehicle use. Active suspension system has the ability to response to the This system continuously checks the ride height of the vertical changes in the road input. -
Recall Bulletin Date: July 2010
File In Section: Product Recalls Bulletin No.: 10153A Recall Bulletin Date: July 2010 PRODUCT SAFETY RECALL SUBJECT: Heated Windshield Washer Module Short Circuit – Permanently Disable and Remove Module MODELS: 2006-2009 Buick Lucerne 2008-2009 Buick Enclave 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS 2007-2009 Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV, Escalade EXT 2008-2009 Cadillac CTS 2007-2009 Chevrolet Avalanche, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe 2009 Chevrolet Traverse 2007-2009 GMC Acadia, Sierra, Yukon, Yukon XL 2006-2009 HUMMER H2 2007-2009 Saturn OUTLOOK Equipped with Heated Washer Fluid System (RPO XA7/CHW) The population in this safety recall has been expanded. The breakpoints for the GMC Acadia and Saturn OUTLOOK have been revised to reflect these additional vehicles. A Question and Answer (Q&A) section has also been added to this bulletin to clarify the customer compensation process. When issuing a check, dealers are to record the vehicle identification number (VIN) on the customer check. Please discard all copies of bulletin 10153, issued June 2010. CONDITION General Motors has decided that a defect, which relates to motor vehicle safety, exists in certain 2006-2009 model year Buick Lucerne; Cadillac DTS; HUMMER H2; 2008-2009 model year Buick Enclave; Cadillac CTS; 2007-2009 model year Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV, Escalade EXT; Chevrolet Avalanche, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe; GMC Acadia, Sierra, Yukon, Yukon XL; Saturn OUTLOOK; and 2009 model year Chevrolet Traverse vehicles equipped with a heated washer fluid system (RPO XA7/CHW). A recall was implemented on some vehicles in 2008 to add a fuse to the HWFS control circuit harness to address the potential consequences of a printed circuit board electrical short. -
'18-'13 Af5220 Ca11450 A46297 49073 Ma10004
stockcode application CHAMP FRAM PERFORMAX PUROLATOR WIX MA10003 NISSAN ALTIMA 2.5L '18-'13 AF5220 CA11450 A46297 49073 MA10004 ACURA RDX '13-'18 AF5218 CA11413 A36276 49211 MA10005 HONDA ACCORD '17-'13 2.4L, ACURA TLX 2.4 '19-15 AF5222 CA11476 PA-600 A26282 49750 MA10006 HONDA ACCORD '17-'13 3.5L, ACURA TLX 3.5L '19-15 AF5223 CA11477 PA-601 A26283 49760 MA10007 HYUNDAI SANTA FE SPORT '19-'13 AF5224 CA11500 A36320 49670 MA10014 PRIUS, PRIUS C '19-'12 AF5216 CA11426 WA10000 MA10015 CHEVROLET MALIBU, IMPALA '19-'13 2.5L AF3174 CA11251 PA-603 A46279 WA10254 MA10016 CADILLAC XTS '17-'13; CHEVROLET IMPALA '19-'18 AF3176 WA10039 MA10017 DODGE DART '15-'13 AF5219 CA11431 A26281 A26281 WA10008 MA10018 INFINITI M35h '12, Q70 '18-14 MA10019 HONDA CR-V '14-'12 AF5210 CA11258 A36274 49630 MA10025 NISSAN VERSA 1.6L '19-'12 AF5207 CA11215 PA-598 A16202 49038 MA10175 VW JETTA 2.0L NAT. ASP. (CBPA) '17-'11 AF3611 CA9800 49013 MA10178 LAND ROVER LR4, RANGE ROVER 5.0L '18-'10 CA11062 49593 MA10181 CHEVROLET MALIBU 2.0L TURBO '15-'13 (BUICK REGAL) AF3174 CA11251 A46279 WA10253 MA10182 VOLKSWAGEN JETTA HYBRID '17-13, AUDI A3 1.4L '18 AF3619 A93619 WA10072 MA10183 AUDI RS5 '13 MA10184 LAND ROVER LR2, RANGE ROVER EVOQUE '17-'13 AF3615 CA11485 WA10007 MA10187 CHEVROLET SPARK '13 AF5221 CA11469 A26277 49264 CADILLAC ATS '18-'13 (2L, 2.5L, 3.6L) CHEVROLET CAMARO MA10188 '19-'16 AF3178 CA11494 A58153 49830 MA10190 BMW 2-,3-,4-SERIES 2.0L TURBO GAS '18-'12 CA11305 A93618 WA10005 MA10215 BUICK ENCORE '18-'13; CHEVROLET TRAX '19 AF3184 CA11501 A26319 WA10255 MA10216 -
Cars • Chassis & Active Safety Systems Suspension Systems in Model 164
Cars • Chassis & active safety systems Suspension systems in model 164, 221, 251 Specialist training Information module Cars • Chassis & active safety systems Suspension systems in model 164, 221, 251 Specialist training Information module r As at 12/05 This document is intended solely for use in training and is not subject to regular updating. Printed in Germany Note: © 2005 Copyright DaimlerChrysler AG The term »employees« does not imply any preference of gender and incorporated male and refers to maler Publisher: Global Training and female employees alike. This document with all its sections is protected under the laws of copyright. Its use for any purpose whatsoever requires the prior written consent of DaimlerChrysler AG. This applies in particular to its reproduction, distribution, modification, translation, recording on microfilm or storage and/or processing in electronic systems, including databases and on-line services. 1511 1724 02 - 1st Edition 12.05 42 As at 12/05 Content 11.01.2006 Title Page Suspension <> AIRmatic ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 AIRmatic W221 Signal Path / Block Diagram ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 AIRmatic W221 Level Stages............................................................................................................................................................................................................. -
BRAKING PERFORMANCE of AIR SUSPENDED CONVERTER DOLLIES Mr
Pages 319-335 BRAKING PERFORMANCE OF AIR SUSPENDED CONVERTER DOLLIES Mr. Scott McFarlane and Dr. Peter Sweatman Roaduser Research Pty Ltd ABSTRACT In 1996 the National Road Transport Committee (NRTC) released a national heavy vehicle axle Mass Limit Review (MLR). The MLR recommended an axle mass increase for axle groups suspended by road-friendly air-suspension. For an air-suspension to be classified as Road Friendly it is required to have a bounce frequency below 2.0Hz and have damping greater than 20% of critical. It is also a requirement that the suspension group achieves load sharing within 5%. Air suspended converter dollies have become popular in Australia, particularly the triaxle type. Triaxle dollies offer a productivity benefit of between 2.5 and 4.5 tonne when compared to a tandem converter dolly. There was concern that the increased mass offered to air-suspended dollies would significantly affect the performance of road trains under braking. The Roaduser Autosim Truck Engineering Dynamics (RATED) computer simulation models were used to simulate the performance of hinged and rigid drawbar tandem and triaxle dollies under braking. The results from the simulation showed that an air-suspended tandem converter dolly could pitch significantly under braking when compared to mechanically suspended dollies. Triaxle air suspended dollies were found to pitch somewhat less than the tandem air-suspended dolly and generated a lower longitudinal force in the coupling. This indicated that the triaxle dolly has better brake balance and should be encouraged by allowing the weight increase. Rigid drawbars on converter dollies reduce the amount of dolly pitch and hence have better brake balance. -
2007 Cadillac DTS Owner Manual M
2007 Cadillac DTS Owner Manual M Seats and Restraint Systems ....................... 7 Universal Home Remote System .......... 139 Front Seats .............................................. 9 Storage Areas ...................................... 150 Rear Seats ............................................. 16 Sunroof ................................................ 152 Safety Belts ............................................ 18 Instrument Panel ....................................... 153 Child Restraints ...................................... 40 Instrument Panel Overview ................... 156 Airbag System ........................................ 66 Climate Controls ................................... 204 Restraint System Check ......................... 84 Warning Lights, Gages, and Features and Controls ................................ 87 Indicators .......................................... 215 Keys ....................................................... 89 Driver Information Center (DIC) ............ 233 Doors and Locks .................................... 98 Audio System(s) ................................... 261 Windows ............................................... 104 Driving Your Vehicle ................................. 295 Theft-Deterrent Systems ....................... 108 Your Driving, the Road, and Starting and Operating Your Vehicle ....... 113 Your Vehicle ..................................... 296 Mirrors .................................................. 128 Towing ................................................. 334 -
Single Vehicle Universal Credits Unlimited Year/Model Universal
Single Unlimited Vehicle Year/Model Model Type Year Universal Universal Credits Credits AUDI A3 2.0L TFSI (8P, 8V) (MED9.1, MED17.5) (*****) 04-- 4 N/A 15 AUDI A4 2.0L TFSI (B8) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 07--18 6 N/A AUDI A4 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 08--11 6 N/A AUDI A4 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 12--18 6 N/A AUDI A5 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 08--10 6 N/A AUDI A5 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--18 6 N/A AUDI A6 2.0L TFSI (C7) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 12--18 6 N/A AUDI A6 3.0L TFSI (C7) SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 14--18 6 N/A AUDI A6/A6L 3.0L TFSI (C7) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--18 6 N/A AUDI A7 3.0L TFSI (4G) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 10--11 6 N/A AUDI A7 3.0L TFSI (4G) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 14--17 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 3.0L TFSI (D4) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 10--11 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 3.0L TFSI (D4) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 13--14 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 4.0L TFSI (D4) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI Q5 3.0L TFSI (8RB) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 12--13 6 N/A AUDI Q5 3.0L TFSI (8RB) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 15--17 6 N/A AUDI RS4 4.2L FSI (B8.5) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 12--17 6 N/A AUDI RS5 4.2L FSI (B8/B8.5) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 10--17 6 N/A AUDI RS6 4.0L TFSI (C7) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI RS7 4.0L TFSI (4G) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI RSQ3 2.5L TFSI (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--16 6 N/A AUDI S3 2.0L TFSI (8P, 8V) (MED9.1) (*****) 06--19 4 N/A AUDI S4 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 09--10 6 N/A AUDI S4 3.0L TFSI (B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--16 6 N/A AUDI S5 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 09--10 6 N/A AUDI S5 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) -
Applications Cadillac 60 Special Base V8 4.9L Cadillac Allante Base V8
TECHNICAL SUPPORT 888-910-8888 GM11 SHROUD MATERIAL POST QUANTITY Aluminum 8 ROTATION ADVANCE TYPE Counterclockwise Computer Controlled TRIGGER TYPE Pick Up Coil Applications Cadillac 60 Special Base V8 4.9L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1993 GAS FI N B - Cadillac Allante Base V8 4.5L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1992 GAS FI N 8 - 1991 GAS FI N 8 - 1990 GAS FI N 8 - 1989 GAS FI N 8 - Cadillac Allante Base V8 4.1L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1988 GAS FI N 7 - 1987 GAS FI N 7 - Cadillac Allante Value Leader V8 4.5L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1992 GAS FI N 8 - 1991 GAS FI N 8 - 1990 GAS FI N 8 - Cadillac Commercial Chassis Base V8 4.9L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1993 GAS FI N B - 1992 GAS FI N B - 1991 GAS FI N B - Cadillac DeVille Base V8 4.9L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1995 GAS FI N B - 1994 GAS FI N B - 1993 GAS FI N B - 1992 GAS FI N B - 1991 GAS FI N B - Cadillac DeVille Concours V8 4.6L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1995 GAS FI N Y LD8 1994 GAS FI N Y LD8 Cadillac DeVille Spring Edition V8 4.9L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. ENG. VIN ENG. DESG 1991 GAS FI N B - Cadillac DeVille Touring V8 4.9L YEAR FUEL FUEL DELIVERY ASP. -
Healthycar.Org 2006-2009 Model Vehicle Rankings Lead Bromine Market Chlorine Overall Rating
HealthyCar.org 2006-2009 Model Vehicle Rankings Lead Bromine Market Chlorine Overall Rating 2006 Model Year Class MPG–Combined Honda Odyssey (2006) Minivan 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 20 Chrysler PT Cruiser (2006) SUV 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.0 22 Suzuki Aerio (2006) Station Wagon 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 24 Toyota Matrix (2006) Station Wagon 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 29 BMW X3 (2006) SUV 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 18 Nissan Frontier (2006) Pickup Truck 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 21 Honda CRV (2006) SUV 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.4 22 Chevy Colorado 2WD (2006) Pickup Truck 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 21 Subaru Tribeca (2006) SUV 1.2 0.5 0.0 0.6 18 Nissan Titan (2006) Pickup Truck 1.3 0.4 0.6 1.7 14 Toyota Tacoma (2006) Pickup Truck 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 20 BMW Z4 3.0 (2006) Sport/sporty Car 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 21 Acura TSX (2006) Upscale Sedan 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 23 Acura RL (2006) Luxury Sedan 1.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 19 Cadillac STS Lux (2006) Upscale Sedan 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 19 Mazda MX-5 Miata (2006) Sport/sporty Car 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 24 Ford F150 (2006) Pickup Truck 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 15 Ford Explorer (2006) SUV 1.4 0.4 0.9 0.0 16 Nissan XTerra (2006) SUV 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.0 17 Suzuki XL7 (2006) SUV 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 18 Chevy Equinox (2006) SUV 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.0 18 Ford Freestar (2006) Minivan 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.0 18 BMW M3 Convertible (2006) Convertible 1.5 0.5 0.0 1.9 17 BMW 330 i (2006) Upscale Sedan 1.5 0.9 0.0 1.7 21 Honda Pilot (2006) SUV 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.0 17 Infiniti FX35 (2006) SUV 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.1 18 Acura TL (2006) Upscale Sedan 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.0 21 BMW 335i Coupe (2006) Upscale Sedan 1.6 0.5 0.6 1.4 Toyota 4 Runner (2006) SUV 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.0 18 Saab 9-3 2.0T