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Influence of Temperature on Some Biological
Journal of Biological Control, 29(3): 125-130, 2015 Research Article Influence of temperature on some biological characteristics ofTrichogramma evanescens (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on the egg of lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick JASSIM K. MOHAMMAD, RADHI F. AL- JASSANY1 and ABUL- SATTAR A. ALI2* National Center for Organic Farming /MoA, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq. 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq. 2Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University, Al-Anbar, Iraq. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. were used in a large scale application in different agriculture systems and the spe- cies Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) showed a very promising results when used against lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidae). The efficiency of the parasitoids is affected by many environmental factors including tempera- ture. The effect of different temperature regimes on some biological characteristics of T. evanescens was investigated when reared on the egg B. amydraula under laboratory conditions. The longest life span was 35 days recorded at 15°C while the shortest one was 7 days at 33°C. The optimum temperature for the development of this parasitoid ranged between 22 and 27°C. The upper development threshold temperature was 38.4°C and the lower was 11.14°C. Results also showed that the highest parasitism rate was 94.4% recorded at 25±2°C. Adult emergence and female longevity were also influenced by temperature. The feasibility of the results in mass production and the use of the parasitoid for the control of lesser date moth also discussed. -
Frutas Y Verduras Biológicas Tropicales
Frutas y verduras biológicas tropicales Información sobre Mercado, Certificación y Producción para Productores y Compañías Comercializadoras Internacionales Naciones Unidas Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y el Desarrollo Frutas y verduras biológicas tropicales Información sobre mercado, certificación y producción para productores y compañías comercializadoras internacionales Naciones Unidas Nueva York y Ginebra, 2003 Nota Los símbolos en los documentos de las Naciones Unidas están compuestos por letras mayúsculas con cifras. La mención de tales símbolos indica la referencia a un documento de las Naciones Unidas. Las designaciones que se utilizan y la presentación del material en esta publicación no implica la manifestación de ninguna opinión sea cual fuere por parte de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas con respecto a la situación legal de ningún país, territorio, ciudad o área o sus autoridades o con respecto a la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. El material contenido en esta publicación se puede citar libremente, pero se solicita mencionar la fuente. Una copia de la publicación que contiene la citación o reimpresión se debe enviar a la Secretaría de la UNCTAD a: Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Suiza Derechos reservados © Naciones Unidas, 2003 UNCTAD/DITC/COM/2003/2 Contenido Agradecimientos Prefacios Contenido AGRADECIMIENTOS PREFACIO Parte A: Producción y principios básicos de la agricultura biológica I. Aspectos generales de la agricultura biológica en la región tropical y subtropical 1.1. Filosofía y principios de la agricultura biológica Página 2 1.1.1. Definición y principios 1.1.2. Diferencias con otros sistemas de agricultura 1.1.3. ¿Por qué agricultura biológica? 1.1.4. -
Parlatoria Ziziphi (Lucas)
UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL PhD PROGRAMME IN PLANT HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES CYCLE XXIV 2009-2012 Jendoubi Hanene Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) COORDINATOR SUPERVISOR Prof. Carmelo Rapisarda Prof. Agatino Russo CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Pompeo Suma EXTERNAL SUPERVISORS Prof. Mohamed Habib Dhouibi Prof. Ferran Garcia Marì - 1 - In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ِ ِ اقَْرأْ بِا ْسم َربِّ َك الَّذي خَلَق Read! In the name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). ِ خَلَ َق اْْلِنسَا َن م ْن عَلَ ق He has created man from a clot. اقَْرأْ َوَربُّ َك اْْلَ ْكَرمُ Read! And your Lord is Most Generous, ِ ِ الَّذي عَلَّمَ بِالْق َلَم Who has taught (the writing) by the pen عَلَّمَ اْْلِنسَا َن مَا لَْم يَْعلَم He has taught man what he knew not. صدق اهلل العظيم God the almighty spoke the truth - 2 - Declaration "I hereby declare that this submission is my own work except for quotation and citations which have been duly acknowledged; and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning". Hanene Jendoubi 08.12.2011 - 3 - Title Thesis Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) - 4 - Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful parents who have continuously told me how proud they are of me. -
Potentials of Utilizing Biological Measures for the Management of Lesser Date Moth Batrachedra Amydraula in Iraq
Potentials of utilizing biological measures for the management of lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula in Iraq Abdul-Sattar A.Ali1a JasimK.Mohammad2 1Dr.(Prof.)IPM Consultant, 2Researcher, National Center for Organic farming/MoA Abu-Graib,Baghdad,Iraq [email protected] ABSTRACT application time. Same results were reported when the combinations of the bacteria Bacillus. The lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula thuringiensis with the egg parasitoid Trichogramma (LDM) is considered as a key pest attacking fruits evanescens and the larvae parasitoid Bracon in almost all date palm growing regions in Iraq. hebetors, were tested against LDM.Significant Larvae begin attacking flowers and bore in to yield increase was observed for all bio agents newly formed fruits and move to subsequent stages compared to control.Therefore,these bioagents of fruits development. Biological agents such as are suggested to be a safe alternative in any IPM the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens,the program for the control of lesser date moth in Iraq. larvae parasitoids Bracon hebetor and biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis kurestaki Key word: Biological pesticides, Parasitoids, and Spinosad were implemented against this pest Pest management, Date palm, Iraq. under field conditions during 2009-2013. Light traps were used for the purposes of monitoring INRODUCTION adults emergence and timing of application. All Iraq is considered as one of the oldest countries cultivating treatments showed significant effect in reducing date palms. Palms trees and fruits are subjected to infestation infestation level of the pest compared to non by many key pests which can be found where ever these treated fields. However, effectiveness was varied trees are cultivated in the world including Iraq. -
Economic Importance of Date Palm Pests in Aljouf Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.10 No.2, pp 393-398, 2017 Economic importance of date palm pests in Aljouf region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia El- Kholy, M.Y.1,2* and Abdel-Moniem, A.S.H.2,3 1Department of Biology, College of Science, Aljouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural, Beni Suef University, Egypt Abstract: The Insect pests attacking date palm trees at Aljouf region,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were surveyed throughout two successive years in Sakaka. Survey covered existing insect species, stage(s) causing damage, frequency of occurrence, period of occurrence and attacked plant parts).Eleven insect pests belonging to nine families from the orders Homoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera were recorded. The most dominant and economically important pests were four scale insects (Asterolecanium phoenicis Rao., Parlatoria blanchardi, Phoenicococcus marlatti and Fiorinia phoenicis Bal.,) and Batrachedra amydraula, Ommatissus binotatus lybicusBergevin, Oryctes spp. and Phonopate frontalis Fahraeus. Fermented or decayed damaged plant parts hosted Drosophila larvae and/or adults. Key word: Phoenix dactylifera, Date palm tree, Insect Pests, Economic importance. Introduction Date palm tree Phoenix dactylifera L. is mentioned in the holy Quran. It has a special consideration in our hearts as Muslims and Arabs. This tree is an important component of Arab World Flora. Date palm tree is considered one of the fruit trees that belong to Arecaceae. Date palm is one of the oldest known fruit crops and has been cultivated in North Africa and the Middle East for at least 5000 years (Zohary and Hopf, 1). -
Insect Pests and Insect-Vectored Diseases of Palmsaen 724 328..342
Australian Journal of Entomology (2009) 48, 328–342 Insect pests and insect-vectored diseases of palmsaen_724 328..342 Catherine W Gitau,1* Geoff M Gurr,1 Charles F Dewhurst,2 Murray J Fletcher3 and Andrew Mitchell4 1EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883 Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. 2PNG Oil Palm Research Association, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. 3NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. 4NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. Abstract Palm production faces serious challenges ranging from diseases to damage by insect pests, all of which may reduce productivity by as much as 30%. A number of disorders of unknown aetiology but associated with insects are now recognised. Management practices that ensure the sustainability of palm production systems require a sound understanding of the interactions between biological systems and palms. This paper discusses insect pests that attack palms, pathogens the insects vector as well as other disorders that are associated with these pests. We re-examine the disease aetiologies and procedures that have been used to understand causality. Pest management approaches such as cultural and biological control are discussed. Key words aetiology, Arecaceae, diagnosis, pathosystems, pest management. INTRODUCTION has transported them from their native habitats to new loca- tions. For example, the date palm is believed to have originated In many cultures, palms are a symbol of splendour, peace, in the Persian Gulf and North Africa but it is now grown victory and fertility. Palms constitute one of the best-known worldwide in semi-arid regions (Zaid 1999). -
Article 10362 8843052E4d07db
41 ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 36 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 92 92 ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ( Hem.: Coccoidea ) ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﺎم روزدار1 ، ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ واﺣﺪي2 * ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺪق3 و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﻴﻊ4 -1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه 2* - ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺆول : اﺳﺘﺎدﻳ ﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ( [email protected]) -3 اﺳﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان، اﻫﻮاز -4 داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ، رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : /1/27 91 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : /24/1 92 92 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﻲ ﻫﺴ ﺘﻨﺪ؛ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي -90 1389 ﻓﻮن ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ، روي ﮔﻴﺎ ﻫﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن و ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 21 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي : ( )Eriococcidae )2( ،Coccidae )4( ، Pseudococcidae )6( ،Diaspididae 8 و )Phoenicococcidae )1 ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ روي ﻛﺎراﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ و ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ و زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ . ﺟﻨﺲ Paracoccus Ezzat and McConnell و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Acanthococcus aceris (Signoret ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان و 9 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن (* ) ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ : : DIASPIDIDAE: Aspidiotus nerii* (Bouche), Diaspidiotus armenicus* (Borchsenius), Lepidosaphes malicola* Borchsenius, Melanaspis inopinata* (Leonardi), Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni-Tozzetti) P. crypta (McKenzie), P. oleae (Colvee) and Salicicola ?kermanensis Lindinger. PSEUDOCOCCIDAE: Chorizococcus sp. -
United States Department of Agriculture LIST of INTERCEPTED
Bur.Ent. & P. Q. Issued May 1939 United States Department of Agriculture BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS LIST OF INTERCEPTED PLANT PESTS, 1937 (List of Pests Recorded During the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, In- clusive, as Intercepted in, on, or with Plants and Plant Products Entering United States Territory.) INTRODUCTION The period covered by this report represents the twenty-fourth year for which lists of intercepted plant pests have been issued. While the earlier reports gave the details regarding practically all organisms found on the plant material in- spected, the present paper omits many organisms entirely and summarizes the interceptions of many common or incompletely determined pests in short para- graphs, hence the detailed table contains only a fraction of the total findings. This report is based on interceptions for which determinations were received and indexed during the fiscal year. Determinations for collections made late in the year are often received after the close of the year and are included with those of the following year. The summarized records cover pests intercepted in, on, or with plants and plant products (1) imported, (2) offered for but refused entry, (3) held as ships' stores, etc., and hence not imported through customs, (4) offered for entry for immediate export or for immediate transportation and exportation in bond, and (5) in domestic shipments reaching the mainland from Hawaii and Puerto Rico. A cross-indexed file covering the more important and interesting interceptions is maintained in Washington and serves as the basis for this list. -
Use of a Pheromone-Baited Trap to Monitor the Population of the Lesser
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 2572-2575 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Use of a pheromone-baited trap to monitor the JEZS 2017; 5(6): 2572-2575 © 2017 JEZS population of the lesser date moth Batrachedra Received: 25-09-2017 Accepted: 28-10-2017 amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) in the Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb UAE United Arab Emirates University, Department of Biology, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551 Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb and Hamda Ateeq Al-Dhaheri United Arab Emirates Hamda Ateeq Al-Dhaheri Abstract Al-Ain Municipality, The lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula, is a serious insect pest of young developing date fruits. In Department of Municipal the United Arab Emirates (UAE) it is responsible for major losses in the annual yield of dates. The Affairs, Al-Ain, United Arab objectives of the current study were: (1) to determine the population peak of the B. amydraula using a Emirates pheromone-baited trap and (2) to study the relationship between trap catch and average daily temperature. The population dynamics of B. amydraula in date palm plantations were monitored in 2014 and 2015 using delta sticky traps baited with a female sex pheromone [Z-5-Decenyl acetate (40%), Z-5- Decen-1-ol (40%), and Z,Z-4,7-Decadienyl acetate (20%)]. In both years, the highest trap catch occurred in April. The population progressively declined to zero by the end of May in 2014 and by the first week of June in 2015. There was a strong negative correlation between the average daily temperature and the number of B. -
Diagnostic Study by PCR Technique for the Date Lesser Moth Batrachedra Amydrula Meyrick (Batrachedridae: Lepdoptera) in the Central and Southern Region of Iraq
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages. 8117 - 8134 Received 16 February 2021; Accepted 08 March 2021. Diagnostic Study by PCR Technique for the Date Lesser Moth Batrachedra Amydrula Meyrick (Batrachedridae: Lepdoptera) in the Central and Southern Region of Iraq Mohsen A. Al-Musafir1, Auid A. Abdulkader2, Dhia S. Alwaily3 1Al-Musayyib Technical Institute, Al Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] 2Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Basrah University, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] 3Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Basrah University, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A molecular study of this insect was conducted to find out the sex and its genetic fixation. This study was carried out using both techniques of PCR and Nucleotide Sequences to document the classification results and their genetic fingerprinting in Iraq. The results showed that it obtained an identity of 99% with the species registered in a Gene bank of a scientific name Batrachedra amydruala (MAD) isolation. KEYWORDS Lepdoptera, PCR, Batrachedra Amydraula. Introduction The date palm tree Phoenix dactylifera L. belongs to the Palmaceae family, which is an important fruit tree rich in nutrients. Besides, it is believed that Iraq and the Arabian Gulf are the origins of this tree and from them, it spread to the Arab world and the rest of the world. Iraq is an important center of spreading palm trees in the world, as the number of planted palm trees reached more than 30 million date palm trees until 1980, and Iraq was the first in the production of dates in the world (Jarodet, 2003). -
وﻗﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻘﺴfr List of Publication: Prof. Dr.Salah M. Hussei
اﻷبحاث العلوية لقسن وقاية النبات List of Publication: Prof. Dr.Salah M. Hussein EL - Geuindi, M.S. ; Hussein , S.M. Farrag, T.E. and Abd El Ghany, H.M. 2005 : Adsorption Of Herbicide Pendimethalin from aqueous solutions onto natural clay. Proceedind of Minia international Conference " Towards a safe and clean Environment" TSCE'05 15-18 April 2005 P. A1-1. EL - Geuindi, M.S. ; Hussein , S.M. Farrag, T.E. 2005: External Mass transfer Model applied to the adsorption of insecticide Diazinon onto natural clay. Proceeding of the 3 rd Minia international Conference for advanced trends in Engineering 3- 5 April 2005 abstract 41. EL - Geuindi, M.S. ; Hussein , S.M. Farrag, T.E. 2005: Removal of Insecticide Diazinon from Aqueous solutions using natural clay Proceeding of the 3 rd Minia international Conference for advanced trends in Engineering 3- 5 April 2005 abstract 198. Hussein, S.M>; and Abdel Aziz 2004 :Approaches to integrated pest management of cotton pink bollworm in Middle Egypt. Proceeding of the 15th international plant protection congress " Plant Protection Twards the 21th Century" Beijing China 11-16 May 2004 P. 387. Hafez, H.F. Abdel Aziz, M.A. and Hussein, S.M.2003: Biodegradation and mobility of Atrazine in soil. Minia J. of Agric. & Develop. Vol. 23No. 4 pp 765-778. Hussein, S.M. and Thiemann, W.(2002 ): Nitrostable pesticides as a source of carcinogens in soil and plant (Pesticide Review 37: 445-449. Hussein, S.M.; Hafez, H.F.H. and Thiemann, W. (1999): Biodegradation of three pyrethroids in soil under laboratory conditions. The 9th international conference ― Environmental protection is a must’’ 4-6 May 1999 Alexandria, Egypt 4-6 May 1999. -
Date, Phoenix Dactylifera, from Israel Into the United States
Importation of ‘Barhi’ Date, Phoenix dactylifera, from Israel into the United States A Pathway-initiated Commodity Risk Assessment January 2008 Agency contact: Thomas W. Culliney United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 PRA for Barhi dates from Israel Executive Summary This document assesses the risks associated with the importation, from Israel into the United States, of fresh fruits of date, Phoenix dactylifera L., on branches. A search of both print and electronic sources of information identified 12 pests of date of quarantine significance that exist in Israel and could be introduced into the United States in shipments of that commodity. A Consequences of Introduction value was estimated by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate/host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. A Likelihood of Introduction value was estimated by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. The two values were summed to estimate an overall Pest Risk Potential, which is an estimation of risk in the absence of mitigation measures. Quarantine-significant pests likely to follow the pathway (i.e., accompany shipments of dates) include two moths, one butterfly, one