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41 ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 36 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 92 92 ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ( Hem.: Coccoidea ) ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﺎم روزدار1 ، ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ واﺣﺪي2 * ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺪق3 و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﻴﻊ4 -1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه 2* - ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺆول : اﺳﺘﺎدﻳ ﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ( [email protected]) -3 اﺳﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان، اﻫﻮاز -4 داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ، رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : /1/27 91 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : /24/1 92 92 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﻲ ﻫﺴ ﺘﻨﺪ؛ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي -90 1389 ﻓﻮن ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ، روي ﮔﻴﺎ ﻫﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن و ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 21 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي : ( )Eriococcidae )2( ،Coccidae )4( ، Pseudococcidae )6( ،Diaspididae 8 و )Phoenicococcidae )1 ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ روي ﻛﺎراﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ و ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ و زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ . ﺟﻨﺲ Paracoccus Ezzat and McConnell و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Acanthococcus aceris (Signoret ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان و 9 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن (* ) ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ : : DIASPIDIDAE: Aspidiotus nerii* (Bouche), Diaspidiotus armenicus* (Borchsenius), Lepidosaphes malicola* Borchsenius, Melanaspis inopinata* (Leonardi), Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni-Tozzetti) P. crypta (McKenzie), P. oleae (Colvee) and Salicicola ?kermanensis Lindinger. PSEUDOCOCCIDAE: Chorizococcus sp. *, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), Paracoccus sp., Phenacoccus sp. *, Planococcus citri (Risso) and Trabutina serpentina (Green). COCCIDAE: Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus) , Eulecanium tiliae* (Linnaeus) , Parthenolecanium corni* (Borchsenius) and Saissetia oleae* (Olivier). ERIOCOCCIDAE: Acanthococcus aceris (Signoret) and Eriococcus spurius (Modeer). PHOENICOCOCCIDAE: Ph oenicococcus marlatti (Cockerell). ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژه :ﻫﺎ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﻓﻮن، ﮔﺰارش ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ، ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن، ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺮﻧﻮرﻳﻨﻜﺎ6 ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( ﻛﺎرور7 ، 1991 ؛ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ و ﻣﺎرﺗﻴﻦ8 ، 1 ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده - 2003 و ﻣﺎدﻳﺴﻮن9 ، 1995). ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺸﺮاﺗ ﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ 4 3 2 ﻫﺎي ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ، ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺠﺮه- ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ، در ﺗﻤﺎم زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮔ ﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ 5 اي داراي ﻗﺮاﺑﺖ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮ راﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﻗﻄﺐ ﺷﻤﺎل و ﺟﻨﻮب ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر دارﻧﺪ و اﻏﻠﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ 1- Coccoidea 6- Sternorrhyncha 2- Aphidoidea (= Aphidomorpha) 7- Carver 3- Aleyrodoidea 8- Gullan & Martin 4- Psyllioidea 9- Maddison 5- Phylogeny 42 روزدار و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ... از آﻓﺎت زﻳﺎن آور ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( ﺑﻦ- داو و ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺗﻌﺪاد 62 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺰارش و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻜﺎران1 ، 2010 و ﻣﻴﻠﺮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران2 ، 2005 .) ﭘﻮره ﻫﺎ و ﺟﺪﻳﺪي را ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮد. ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از ﺷﻴﺮه ي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ؛ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ در ر وي ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﺗ ﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاف ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺳﭙﺮدار اﻳﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺶ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ و و ﺑ ﻌﻀﻲ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎده ، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت دﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و 32 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ( ﻛﻮﺛﺮي، 1335)، ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻲ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﻣﺎرﮔﺎرودﻳﺪه3 ، ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮادهي ﺳﭙﺮدار ان9 ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺸﻪ ي ﮔﻨﺪم و ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﺮغ ﻓﻮﻧﻴﻜﻮﻛ ﻮﻛ ﺴﻴﺪه 10 و دﻳﺎزﭘﻴﺪﻳﺪه ﺑﺎ 93 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 53 ( Cynodon dactylon ) در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ي ﺑﻠﻮغ، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺟﻨﺲ (ﺛﻘﻪ اﻻ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ، 1359)؛ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﭙﺸﻚﻫ ﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺘﺎﻳﻠﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( واﺣﺪي و ﺣﺠﺖ، در ﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺮزاﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 107 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 41 ﺟﻨﺲ 1374 .) ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از آن- ( ﻣﻘﺪم، 1382) و ﻟﻴ ﺴﺘﻲ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 196 ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ، ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺳﭙﺮدار4 ، ﺣﺘﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 12 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( ﻛﻮزار و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1996 ) و زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻋﺎدت ﻛﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻛﻲ در ﮔﺰارش ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي آرد آﻟﻮد ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد و ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ( ﻛﺮﻳﻮﺧﻴﻦ 11، 1947 .) ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪي روي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﻣﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺷﭙﺸﻚﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺖ . اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑ ﺪﻟﻴﻞ رﻳﺰي ﺟﺜﻪ آنﻫﺎ و ﭘ ﻨﻬﺎن اﻳﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮزﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺎن و دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺪن از ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ي ﻗﺮﻧﻄﻴﻨﻪاي، ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ آﻧﺎن ، در ﭘﺎرك ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ( ﻣﻨﻴﻌﻲ، 1374)، ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و در ﻏﻴﺎب دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در 29 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 6 6 ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻓﺖ و ﺧﺴﺎرت زا ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( ﺗﺮاﺑﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران 12 ، 2010) و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ- ﻛﻠﻲ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺳﭙﺮدار ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺳﺎﻳﻪ دار ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در 15 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داراي 2650 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 400 ﺟﻨﺲ؛ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي آرد آﻟﻮد5 از 4 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( ﺷﻴﺮازي، 1390 ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . در داراي 2468 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 281 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺷﭙ ﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم ﺗﻦ6 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎن ، 13 داراي 1605 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 170 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ داراي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 5 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ( ﻣﻬﺪي ﭘﻮر، 1390) و اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس 36 ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ا ﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎ ي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 21 ﺟﻨﺲ ( ﻣﻘﺪم 13 ، 1998 ) ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﭙﺸﻚﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( زﻳﭗ ﻛﺪ زوو7 ، 2012 .) ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ي ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي آردآﻟﻮد ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ در اﻳﺮان 67 ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺮان، و ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﻲ ﻫﺎي آنﻫﺎ ( ﻛﻮﺛﺮي، 1324 .) دواﭼﻲ و ﺗﻘﻲ زاده ( 1333 ) ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ( آﺳﺎده و ﻣﺼﺪق، 1370 و 1372 .) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ- ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي ﻫﺎي آردآﻟﻮد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ Planococcus Ferris ﻣﺮﻃﻮب، ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﺸﺮات، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮ ان ( وﻳﻠﻴﺎم و ﻣﻘﺪم 14 ، 1999) و دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﻮدﻧﻬﺎﻳﻤﺮ8 ( 1944 ) در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ - ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﺷﭙﺸﻚ آردآﻟﻮد ﺟﻨﻮب (Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead و 1- Ben-Dov et al. 2- Miller et al . 9- Diaspidioidea 3- Margarodidae 10- Phoenicococcidae 4- Diaspididae 11- Kiriukhin 5- Psudococcidae 12- Torabi et al . 6- Coccidae 13- Moghadam 7- zipcodezoo 14- Williams & Moghadam 8- Bodenheimer 43 ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 36 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 92 92 ﻣﻬﺎر زﻳﺴﺘﻲ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻔﺸﺪوز ك اﺳﺎس اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ذﻛﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant وﺣﺮ ف اﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . 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( اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎري وﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1385 .) در اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت روي ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ اﺳﻼﻳﺪ : ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺷﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي آرد آﻟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ اﻳﺮان، ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ، ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ، ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ، ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ( ﻛﺮﻳﻮﺧﻴﻦ، 1947 .) در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ، ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ، از ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎده ، اﺳﺖ . ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي آرد آﻟﻮد ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮ ﻫﺎ، ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ، 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ اﺳﺎس اﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎي آردآ ﻟﻮد و ﮔﻴﺎ ﻫﺎن ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ ه اﺳﺖ ( ﻣﻘﺪم، 2006 .) ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎن و ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ، از اﺳﺘﺎن Hodgson & Henderson 2- 3- Danzig ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ذﻛﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ Gill 4- 5- Williams 6- Williams & Watson 7- Hodgson, Chris ( The National Museum of Wales, Wales, Cathay's Park, Cardiff, UK ), 1- Moghadam 44 روزدار و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ... ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺰرگ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﻏﺪد دور ﻓﺮج در 5 دﺳﺘﻪ ﻗﺮار ( ﺟﺪاول 1 4ﺗﺎ ) ﻗﺮار دارد .
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  • First Record of Phoenicococcus Marlatti in Greece

    First Record of Phoenicococcus Marlatti in Greece

    ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 22, 2013 First record of Phoenicococcus marlatti in Greece Lytra I. Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece Vasarmidaki M. Municipality of Heraklion, 1 A. Titou, 71202 Heraklion, Greece Papadoulis G. Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11528 Copyright © 2017 I. Ch. Lytra, M. E. Vasarmidaki, G. Th. Papadoulis To cite this article: Lytra, I., Vasarmidaki, M., & Papadoulis, G. (2013). First record of Phoenicococcus marlatti in Greece. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 22(2), 43-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11528 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 28/02/2020 08:10:35 | 43 ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 22 (2013): 43-46 SHORT COMMUNICATION First record of Phoenicococcus marlatti in Greece I. CH. LYTRA1*, M. E. VASARMIDAKI2 AND G. TH. PAPADOULIS1 1Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece 2Municipality of Heraklion, 1 A. Titou, 71202 Heraklion, Greece ABSTRACT In October 2013, the red date scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Hemiptera: Phoenicococcidae) has been recorded for the first time in Greece. Adult females were collected from the base of fronds of date palm from the Crete Island. Information on the species morphology, biology and distribution is presented. KEY WORDS: first record, Phoenicococcus, red date scale. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is and South America (Miller et al. 2007). It is found in Mediterranean countries, Africa, probably found wherever date palm is part of Asia, North America and Australia.
  • Aspidiotus Nerii Bouchè (Insecta: Hemipthera: Diaspididae)

    Aspidiotus Nerii Bouchè (Insecta: Hemipthera: Diaspididae)

    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2003 Molecular systematics of a sexual and parthenogenetic species complex : Aspidiotus nerii Bouchè (Insecta: Hemipthera: Diaspididae). Lisa M. Provencher University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Provencher, Lisa M., "Molecular systematics of a sexual and parthenogenetic species complex : Aspidiotus nerii Bouchè (Insecta: Hemipthera: Diaspididae)." (2003). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3090. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3090 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF A SEXUAL AND PARTHENOGENETIC SPECIES COMPLEX: Aspidiotus nerii BOUCHE (INSECTA: HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE). A Thesis Presented by LISA M. PROVENCHER Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2003 Entomology MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF A SEXUAL AND PARTHENOGENETIC SPECIES COMPLEX: Aspidiotus nerii BOUCHE (INSECTA: HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE). A Thesis Presented by Lisa M. Provencher Roy G. V^n Driesche, Department Head Department of Entomology What is the opposite of A. nerii? iuvf y :j3MSuy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Edward and Mari, for their patience and understanding while I worked on this master’s thesis. And a thank you also goes to Michael Sacco for the A. nerii jokes. I would like to thank my advisor Benjamin Normark, and a special thank you to committee member Jason Cryan for all his generous guidance, assistance and time.
  • 25Th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum On

    25Th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum On

    US Department of Agriculture Forest FHTET- 2014-01 Service December 2014 On the cover Vincent D’Amico for providing the cover artwork, “…and uphill both ways” CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Product Disclaimer Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions of wuthors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the United States government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C.
  • Biocontrol Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against San Jose Scale Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Field Trials

    Biocontrol Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against San Jose Scale Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Field Trials

    ISSN (Print): 0971-930X ISSN (Online): 2230-7281 Journal of Biological Control, 28(4): 214-220, 2014 JOURNAL OF Volume: 28 No. 4 (December) 2014 Research Article Biocontrol efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in field trials ABDUL AHAD BUHROO* P. G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar - 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus is a key pest of apple crop in the northern states of India. The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi - Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato and Lecanicillium lecanii against San Jose scale was examined in three apple orchards, each located at Srinagar, Bandipora and Pulwama districts in Kashmir. The relative pathogenicity of these fungi against the pest was also evaluated during field trials. Mortality was monitored at 2-day intervals until 30 days after application. All three fungal pathogens caused mortality of the pest particularly with the increase in treatment concentration. High mortality (76-77%) was determined with B. bassiana at 15 × 105 conidia/ml. formulation followed by L. lecanii at the same formulation (mortality 73-75%) at all the experimental sites tested. M. anisopliae sensu lato was significantly less effective (mortality 47-67%) in all the three field trials. The results demonstrate the suitability of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling San Jose scale. KEY WORDS: Biological
  • Parlatoria Ziziphi (Lucas)

    Parlatoria Ziziphi (Lucas)

    UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL PhD PROGRAMME IN PLANT HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES CYCLE XXIV 2009-2012 Jendoubi Hanene Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) COORDINATOR SUPERVISOR Prof. Carmelo Rapisarda Prof. Agatino Russo CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Pompeo Suma EXTERNAL SUPERVISORS Prof. Mohamed Habib Dhouibi Prof. Ferran Garcia Marì - 1 - In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ِ ِ اقَْرأْ بِا ْسم َربِّ َك الَّذي خَلَق Read! In the name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). ِ خَلَ َق اْْلِنسَا َن م ْن عَلَ ق He has created man from a clot. اقَْرأْ َوَربُّ َك اْْلَ ْكَرمُ Read! And your Lord is Most Generous, ِ ِ الَّذي عَلَّمَ بِالْق َلَم Who has taught (the writing) by the pen عَلَّمَ اْْلِنسَا َن مَا لَْم يَْعلَم He has taught man what he knew not. صدق اهلل العظيم God the almighty spoke the truth - 2 - Declaration "I hereby declare that this submission is my own work except for quotation and citations which have been duly acknowledged; and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning". Hanene Jendoubi 08.12.2011 - 3 - Title Thesis Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) - 4 - Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful parents who have continuously told me how proud they are of me.

  • Five New Species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Argentina, with a Key to Argentine Species

    ZooKeys 948: 47–73 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.948.54618 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Five new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Argentina, with a key to Argentine species Scott A. Schneider1, Lucia E. Claps2, Jiufeng Wei3, Roxanna D. Normark4, Benjamin B. Normark4,5 1 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Building 005 - Room 004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA 2 Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Instituto Su- perior de Entomología “Dr. Abraham Willink”, Batalla de Ayacucho 491, T4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 3 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China 4 Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 221 Morrill Science Center III 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 5 Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, 204C French Hall, 230 Stockbridge Road Amherst, MA 01003, USA Corresponding author: Scott A. Schneider ([email protected]) Academic editor: Roger Blackman | Received 22 May 2020 | Accepted 5 June 2020 | Published 13 July 2020 http://zoobank.org/1B7C483E-56E1-418D-A816-142EFEE8D925 Citation: Schneider SA, Claps LE, Wei J, Normark RD, Normark BB (2020) Five new species of Aspidiotini (Hemiptera, Diaspididae, Aspidiotinae) from Argentina, with a key to Argentine species. ZooKeys 948: 47–73. https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.54618 Abstract Five new species of armored scale insect from Argentina are described and illustrated based upon morpho- logical and molecular evidence from adult females: Chortinaspis jujuyensis sp.