Index

A Pedro, 669 Abbott Bay, 417 Pleistocene, 65 Accommodation space, 1170 provinces, 66–67 Acraman Creek, 960 regional distribution, 1179 Adelaide coast, 909 regional sediment supply, 1190 Aeolianite, 53 regional types, 1183 Albany, 1028 , 864 Anderson Inlet, 817 stable, 64 Anson Bay, 241 transgressive, 65 , 952 types, 1183 Augusta, 1045 Barron River delta, 400 Bass Head, 651 evolution, 6 Bass River delta, 821 Australian coastal sediment compartments , 665 (ACSC), 70 Baxter cliffs, 985 Bay of Fires, 731 Bay of Shoals, 905 B Bays, 939 Bare Bluff, NSW, 577 Beaches, 33, 136, 146, 158, 199, 207, 212, Barrier islands, 707 216, 220, 225, 228, 237, 246, 256, Barriers, 126, 140, 146, 159, 214, 217, 220, 261, 266, 273, 288, 295, 313, 325, 228, 230, 238, 246, 258, 261, 267, 358, 370, 374, 379, 386, 391, 395, 273, 288, 296, 314, 325, 359, 371, 404, 413, 431, 435, 445, 450, 464, 376, 379, 387, 391, 396, 405, 414, 510, 523, 528, 544, 548, 560, 606, 432, 436, 445, 451, 465, 511, 524, 644, 654, 664, 694, 720, 759, 766, 529, 546, 549, 560, 608, 632, 645, 788, 810, 857, 899, 942, 973, 1003, 655, 665, 696, 720, 760, 766, 789, 1060, 1123 810, 858, 865, 900, 929, 943, 974, accretion, 48 1003, 1061, 1070, 1123, 1178 Australian status, 1174 Bengello, 669 drift-aligned, 33, 50 Boydtown, 677 embayed, 33 dimensions, 66–67, 1180, 1224 erosion, 48, 610 divisional characteristics, 1179 geological control, 1170 , 866 megarip, 42 Ninety Mile beach, 702 number, 39

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 1233 A. D. Short, Australian Coastal Systems, Coastal Research Library 32, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14294-0 1234 Index

Beaches (cont.) Broome, 176 oscillation, 48, 510 Bruny Island, 743 Pleistocene inheritance, 1171 Burdekin River delta, 416 pocket, 33 Burnett River, 465 recession, 48, 705 Busselton, 1079 rips, 39 Bustard Bay, 462 rotation, 49, 510 Bypasses, 532 sand, 20, 47, 95, 145, 159, 208, 214, 236 Bypassing, 567, 571, 579, 1013 spatial controls, 1170 states, 34, 127, 1167 storm demand, 48 C swash-aligned, 33, 50 Cairns, 400 systems, 33, 125 Calcarenite, 815, 816, 818, 823, 842, 843, 845, temporal controls, 1172 877, 878, 880, 883, 918, 939, 946, topographic rip, 41 947, 951, 953, 955, 960, 963, 964, types, 34, 96, 127, 1166 967, 1085, 1091, 1102, 1129 Australia, 38 Woakwine cutting, 863 rock and reef flat, 46 Caledon Bay, 301 tide-dominated, 42 Cambridge Gulf, 224 tide-modified, 42 Canning Basin, 117, 156 wave-dominated, 38 Canunda, 863 Beachport, 865 Cape Adieu, 964 Beach ridges, 927, 949, 961, 1186 Cape Arid, 1007, 1008 Beachrock, 53, 178, 780, 953, 966, 1023 Cape Arnhem, 298 Beach type, 1069 Cape Bauer, 955 Beagle Bay, 180 , 882, 903 Beecroft Peninsula, 656 Cape Bowling Green, 414 Bega River, 673 Cape Burney, 1106 Bellarine Peninsula, 832 , 571 Bellinger River, 579 , 457 Belongil, 571 Cape Catastrophe, 928, 944 Bengello beach, 669 Cape Conran, 699 Bickerton Island, 304, 307 Cape Conway, 422 Bilbunya beach, 986 Cape Culver, 1148 Biological processes, 356, 510, 759, 1059 Cape Domett, 228 Birkirra Bay, 276 Cape Don, 249 Black Point, 1043 , 856, 882 Blackwood River, 1045 Cape Finnis, 950 Blue Mud Bay, 303 Cape Flattery, 397 , 640 , SA, 881 Boucaut Bay, 268 Cape Gantheaume, WA, 176 Boulder beach, 606, 647, 678 , 381 Bowes River, 1113 , 585, 614 Bowling Green Bay, 414 Cape Hillsborough, 437 Boyne Harbour, 242 , 679, 697 Breaksea Spit, 535, 536 Cape Jaffa, 868 Breakwaters, 563, 604, 865 Cape Jervis, 875, 906 Bremer Bay, 1022 Cape Keerweer, 331 Bribie Island, 541 Cape La Grande, 1011 Bridgewater Bay, 845 Cape Leeuwin, 1045, 1072 Brisbane River, 544 Cape Leveque, 181 , 448 Cape Liptrap, 816 Broke Inlet, 1040 Cape Londonderry, 222 , 633 , 454 Index 1235

Cape Melville, 388, 392 sea level, 1203 Cape Missiessy, SA, 960 sea temperature, 1207 , 1077 tide regime, 1206 Cape Otway, 836 wave climate, 1205 Cape Pallarenda, 412 wind regime, 1207 Cape Palsey, 993 Closure width, 5 Cape Pasley, 1004 Coast Cape Paterson, 817, 818 classification, 5 Cape Peron, 1136 ecosystems, 287 Cape Pillar, 740 evolution, 341 Cape Portland, 728, 797, 798 hazards, 749 Cape Radstock, 952 length, 5, 474 Cape Range, 1147, 1155 processes, 21, 88, 118, 136, 145, 197, Cape Schanck, 823 236, 245, 256, 284, 293, 311, 324, Cape Sidmouth, 383 349, 370, 385, 390, 395, 404, 413, Cape Sorell, 775 430, 435, 444, 450, 464, 478, 500, Cape Spencer, 914 527, 558, 604, 693, 717, 757, 765, Cape Upstart, 416 787, 807, 941, 973, 1001, 1052, Cape Vancouver, 1026 1069, 1123 Cape Wickham, 801 protection, 830 Cape Willoughby, 879 Coastal Cape Woolamai, 817 boundary, 343 Cape York, 369, 370 Coburg Peninsula, 249, 259 Cairns, 400 Coffeerock, 54, 572, 583 Carnarvon Basin, 116, 133, 1051, 1111, 1144 , 948 Carpentaria Basin, 283 Coffs Harbour, 578 Castlereagh Bay, 269 Cooktown, 397 Central Coast, NSW, 621 Cooloola, 537, 540 Cervantes, 1098 Coombra, 966 Chambers Bay, 247 Coorong, 867 Cheniers, 230, 248, 319, 387, 667, 822, Coral reefs, 203, 1153 962, 1186 distribution, 106–107 Clare Bay, 965 Ningaloo, 1151 Clarence River, 572 species, 106–107 Cliff Corio Bay, Qld, 454 erosion, 840, 978 Corio Bay, Vic, 832 Cliff retreat, 841 Corner Inlet, 706 Clifftop dunes, 632, 657, 824, 845, 878, 880, Corny Point, 917 881, 916, 939, 947, 957, 961, 964, Cowley beach, 407 1131, 1133, 1189 Craton dates, 977 Australia, 6 Climate, 9, 117, 196, 284, 345, 477, 499, 756, Pilbara, 116 786, 807, 854, 893, 998, 1051, 1068 Crowdy Head, 585 air masses, 10 Cudgen Head, 568 cyclones, 348 Cullendulla Creek, 667 rainfall, 10, 346 Curtis Island, 458 sea breeze, 346 Cyclones, 348 temperature, 11 tropical, 14, 349 tropical, 84 Cygnet River delta, 905 types Köppen, 18 Climate change D impacts, 1203 Daintree River, 399 ocean acidification, 1208 Dampier Peninsula, 169, 176, 182 1236 Index

Darwin beaches, 244 Dune transgression, 333, 529, 617, 640, 732, Darwin Harbour, 243 799, 869, 880, 881 Darwin Peninsula, 244 Dutton Way, 844 Davies, J.L., 715 Dawesville Canal, 1082 De Courcy Head, 261 E Delta, 54, 123 East Sandy Point, 797 Barron, 400 Eddystone Point, 728 Burdekin, 414 Edgecumbe Bay, 420 De Grey, 160 Eight Mile Beach, 165 Fitzroy, WA, 183 Erosion, 872 Fortescue, 138 Esperance, 1012 Gascoyne, 1124 Estuary, 54, 486, 506, 662, 681, 1000, 1055 Gilbert River, 323 classification, 55 Maitland, 148 distribution, 56 Shoalhaven, 652 tide-dominated, 59 D’Entrecasteaux Channel, 746 wave-dominated, 57 Devonport, 795 Exmouth, 1158 Dimensionless fall velocity, 34 Exmouth Gulf, 133, 1157 Dirk Hartog Island, 1132 Eyre Island, 961 Disaster Bay, 678 , 925, 938 Discovery Bay, 845 Division Great Southern, 753 F Gulf of Carpentaria, 279 False Bay, 927 Kimberley-Territory, 191 Fitzroy River delta, 456, 457 northeast, 335 , 872, 906 northwest, 113 Flinders beach, 551 southeast, 495 Flinders Island southwest, 1049 east coast, 723 Dongara, 1105 west coast, 799 Don River delta, 419 Flood tide delta, 617, 639, 666, 675 , 532, 533 Foredune ridges, 1187 Duke of Orleans Bay, 1009 Fowlers Bay, 965 Dundee Beach, 241 Franklin Sound, 727 Dune calcarenite, 53 Fraser Island, 468, 529, 531 Dunerock, 53 Fredrick Henry Bay, 743 Dunes Fremantle, 1090 foredune ridges, 61 Freycinet Peninsula, 733 primary, 64 regressive, 60 foredune, 61 G incipient foredune, 61 , 1072, 1077 secondary, 64 Geology, 6, 84, 116, 192, 254, 281, 337, 429, transgressive, 61 475, 498, 520, 693, 715, 754, 786, barchan, 63 806, 852, 891, 938, 970, 998, 1051, blowout, 62 1068 clifftop, 62 basins, 8 longwalled parabolic, 62 coastal, 8, 9, 340 parabolic, 62 inheritance, 6 star, 63 Queensland, 336 transverse, 62 Georges Bay, 731 types, 60 Geraldton, 1100, 1108 vegetation, 98, 201, 488, 899, 1060 Glacial dunes, 701, 799, 830, 982 Index 1237

Gladstone, 459 Jurien, 1098 Gnaraloo, 1149 Jussieu Peninsula, 928, 944 Goalen Head, 672 Gold Coast, 550, 590 beach management, 552 K Gove Peninsula, 275 Kalbarri coast, 1114 Gravel ridges, 226 , 1200 north coast, 901 Great Barrier Reef, 340 northeast, 875 Great Oyster Bay, 735 south coast, 877 Green Cape, 678 west coast, 882 Green Head, 1102 Karumba, 319 Greenly Beach, 951 , 456 Groote Eylandt, 298, 307 King George Sound, 1028 Gulf of Carpentaria King Island circulation, 286 east coast, 801 Gunyah Beach, 946 west coast, 781 King Sound, 182

H , 409 L Hamelin Pool, 1138 Lacapede Bay, 868 Hammer Head, 1009 Lake Carpentaria, 284 Hampton Bluffs, 976, 983 Lake Cathie, 583 , 919 Lake Conjola, 661 Hardy Inlet, 1045 Lake Illawarra, 649 Hassell beach, 1026 Lakes Entrance, 705 Headland Laterite, 196, 254, 284 bypassing, 50 , 961 overpassing, 51 Learmonth, 1160 Head of Bight, 966 Ledge Point, 1095 Henty River, 776 Leeuwin Current, 1001, 1054 Herbert River delta, 403 LeFevre Peninsula, 909 , 468 Limestone Coast, 860 High energy window, 354 Limmen Bight, 308, 315 Hinchinbrook Island, 408 Littoral drift, 33, 49 Hopetoun, 1017 Lockhart River, 383 Hotspot, 571, 574, 583, 585, 591, 618, 624, Longitudinal dunes, 927 638, 1095 Longshore transport, 33, 141, 155 Houtman-Abrolhos, 1112 Hummock Hill Island, 460 Hunter River, 620 M Macarthur River delta, 316 Mackay, 440 I Macquarie Harbour, 775 Illawarra Mallacoota, 698 coast, 644 Mandurah, 1088 Inundation, 682, 749, 843 Mangrove, 100, 202, 357, 490, 898, 1059 Israelite Bay, 992 distribution, 101–102 species, 101–102 Maria Island, 738 J Marinas, 1094 Jeannie River, 392, 393 Marine park Jervis Bay, 653, 657 , 1136 Junction Bay, 268 Mason Bay, 1016, 1017 1238 Index

McArthur Basin, 283 O Megarip, 624, 637 Ocean Melbourne, 827 circulation, 30 Melville Bay, 276 currents, 354, 483, 504, 757 Merdayerrah sandpatch, 976 salinity, 30 Missionary Bay, 409 temperature, 30, 125, 487, 505, 758, 1054 Mississippi Point, 1010 Ocean beach, Tas, 775 Moore River, 1091, 1094 Old Bar, 585 , 542, 546 Otway shelf, 838 Moreton Island, 537, 549 Overpassing, 459, 534, 700, 1076 Mornington Peninsula, 823 Oyster Bay, 1030 Moruya River, 667 Murat Bay, 960 Murchison River, 1114, 1129 P Murravian Gulf, 853 Peaceful Bay, 1036 Murray Mouth, 870, 871 Perkins Bay, 791 Myall Lakes, 616 Peron Peninsula, 1136 Perth Basin, 1051 Perth coast, 1083, 1088, 1089 N Phillip Island, 819 Nadgee Nature Reserve, 679 Pieman River, 778 Nanarup beach, 1028 Pilbara, 143 National park Pioneer River, 439 Cape Arid, 1008 Pirates Bay, 739 Cape Range, 1151 Point Brown, 957 Coffin Bay, 949 Point Cloates, 1154 Coorong, 867 Point Danger, SA, 861 Croajingolong, 698 Point D’Entrecasteaux, 1040 D’Entrecasteaux, 1043 Point Hood, 1020 Fitzgerald, 1018 Point Lonsdale, 832 Flinders Chase, 883 Point Malcolm, 992 Innes, 917 Point Marsden, 904 Leeuwin-Naturaliste, 1074 Point Maud, 1152 Lincoln, 928, 946 Point Moore, 1108 Nambung, 1098 Point Nuyts, 1037, 1039 Port Campbell, 840 Point Pearce, 921 Southwest, Tas, 763 Point Perpendicular, 657 Stokes, 1016 Point Quobba, 1146 Walpole-Nornalup, 1037 Point Whidbey, 947 Newcastle, 621 Portarlington, 832 Newcastle Bay, 370 Port Augusta, 923, 925 Port Bradshaw, 301 north coast, 557 Port Campbell, 841 Nine Mile beach, WA, 1106 Port Curtis, 459 Ninety Mile beach, 701, 704 Port Davey, 770 Ningaloo reef, 1151 Port Fairy, 842 Nobbys Head, 621 Port Hacking, 642 Noosa Head, 540 Port Hedland, 154 Norfolk Bay, 742 Port Julia, 913 North Stradbroke Island, 549, 550 Portland Bay, 843 North West Cape, 1155, 1158 Port Lincoln, 930 Nullabor (Bunda) cliffs, 976 Port MacDonnell, 862, 865 Index 1239

Port Phillip, 825 Regressive ridges, 331 Port Pirie, 925 Relative tide range, 34 Port Stephens, 617 Repulse Bay, 437 Primary dune transgression, 1189 Richmond River, 571 Princess Charlotte Bay, 387 Ringarooma Bay, 798 Proserpine River, 437 Rivers, 19, 92, 122, 138, 144, 199, 207, Province 216, 218, 223, 228, 235, 255, temperate southern, 473 271, 287, 293, 311, 323, 330, tropical northern, 83–111 355, 369, 374, 378, 384, 389, Pumicestone Passage, 541 395, 403, 413, 430, 433, 444, 449, 463, 485, 505, 526, 542, 547, 557, 602, 694, 717, 758, Q 764, 786, 807, 854, 893, 939, Queensland 999, 1054 southeast, 526 Adelaide, 245, 247 Alligator, 248 Berkeley, 224, 227 R Blackwood, 1045 Rapid Bay, 907 Blyth, 268 Red Bluff, 1149 catchments, 20 Reef beach, 1024 Fitzroy, 182 Reefs Gascoyne, 1142 coral, 491 Goomadeer, 268 Region King George, 224 central east, 517 Liverpool, 268 central Queensland, 427 Maitland, 148 central-western Victoria, 805 Mary, NT, 248 central west Western Australia, 1121 Murchison, 1129 east Arnhem Land, 291 Murray, 870 eastern , 363 Ord, 224 east Tasmania, 713 Shoalhaven, 652 Gippsland, 691 Swan, 1083 Kimberley, 192, 205 Tweed, 552 north Arnhem Land, 253 Victoria, 228 Northern Territory, 194 Warren, 1045 north Tasmania, 785 Woolen, 274 Nullarbor, 969 Robbin Island, 791 Pilbara, 132 Robe Range, 863 South Australian gulfs, 891 Rockingham, 1088 southern Gulf of Carpentaria, 309 Rockingham barrier, 1086 southern New South Wales, 601 Rocky coasts, 68 southern , 851 Rodds Bay, 459 southern Western Australia, 997 Roebuck Bay, 174 southwest Western Australia, 1067 Roe Plain, 979 western Cape York Peninsula, 321 Rottnest Island, 1084, 1085 western Eyre Peninsula, 937 Round Hill, 465 western Northern Territory, 234 Regressive barrier, 372, 416, 457, 572, 585, 641, 657, 669, 677, 678, 738, 829, S 906, 920, 950, 959, 1042, 1088, Salients, 1150–1152, 1155 1145, 1187 Salinity, 1135 1240 Index

Sand North West, 124 backpassing, 553 Otway, 838 carbonate, 493 Rottnest, 1056 pumping, 550 South West, 999 transport, 1004 Shelf sand body (SSB), 571, 629, 657, 678, 679 longshore, 49 Shelf waves, 757, 857 Sandpatch beach, 1033 Shoal Cape, 1013 Sand pumping, 553, 1082 Shoalhaven Bight, 652 Sand waves, 868, 877, 1072, 1079 Shoalhaven River delta, 652 , Qld, 536 , 448 Sandy Cape, Tas, 778 Shoalwater Point, 925 Sandy Point, VIC, 822, 823 Smoky Bay, 962 Seabed mapping, 589 Smoky Cape, 579 Sea breeze, 346 Snowy River, 702 Seagrass, 100, 357, 490, 899 South Australia Australia, 103 coastal management provinces, 852 distribution, 103–104 South East Cape, 748, 767 species, 103–104 South East Point, 709 Sea level, 262, 353, 716, 759, 857, 871, 895, South Passage, 1134 942, 1058 South West Cape, 767 change, 69 , 891, 916 rise, 588 northern, 923 Seal Rocks, 615 west coast, 925 Seawall, 844, 913 Star dunes, 990 Secondary dune transgression, 1188 Steep Point, 1130 Sediments, 20, 95, 123, 255, 260, 293, 311, Stockton Bight, 619 324, 343, 367, 374, 431, 450, 485, Storm surge, 26, 120, 313, 482, 857 507, 520, 548, 560, 604, 664, 694, Streaky Bay, 957 717, 758, 765, 781, 787, 807, 854, Stromatolites, 1140, 1141 878, 893, 939, 971, 999, 1055, St Vincent Gulf, 891, 906 1068, 1122 northern, 911 budget, 48 Sultana Point, 914 compartments, 70, 975, 1005–1006, 1061, Sunshine Coast, 540 1073, 1127–1128, 1208 Surf Coast, Vic, 833 Australia, 72 Sydney boundaries, 71 coast, 626 mineralogy, 787 eastern beaches, 639 Port Phillip, 829 northern beaches, 635 regional characteristics, 1196 Sydney Harbour, 638 shelf supply, 541 transport, 96, 124, 238, 240, 241, 246, 356, 376, 400, 440, 451, 470, 486, 508, T 532, 550, 561, 564, 581, 609, 632, Tamar River, 795 695, 705, 721, 758, 767, 789, 811, Tam O’Shanter Point, 407 832, 859, 901, 909, 923, 943, 1013, Tasmania 1058, 1072, 1082, 1108, 1125, east coast, 713 1144, 1159 northeast, 728 transported, 975 Tasman Peninsula, 739 Shallow Inlet, 816 Tidal flats, 1184 Shark Bay, 1125, 1134 Tides, 26, 91, 119, 198, 285, 430, 482, 504, Shelf 857, 895, 942, 1002, 1052 biota, 490 currents, 371 carbonate, 486, 807, 854, 939 range, 33, 119 Lacapede, 870 Tombolo, 733 Index 1241

Toolina Cove, 985 Waves, 21, 197, 285, 464, 719, 765, 942, 1002 Torbay Head, 1031 climate, 23, 89, 118, 312, 324, 349, 478, Torres Strait islands, 372 500, 590, 693, 856, 895, 1052 Townsville, 409, 410 energy, 25 Trade winds, 346 high energy window, 1173 Training walls, 563, 604 shelf, 483 Transgressive dunes, 262, 264, 298, 392, 398, Wedge Island, 1096 619, 620, 659, 697, 700, 772, 776, Weipa, 330 778, 781, 797, 814, 816, 824, 841, Westernport, 820 864, 946, 952, 954, 966, 983, 991, Whitest sand, 1202 1007–1010, 1013, 1014, 1019, Whitsunday coast, 421 1024, 1033, 1036–1038, 1040, Whyalla, 926 1045, 1046, 1076, 1080, 1093, Wilson Bluff, 980 1095, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1102, Wilson Inlet, 1034 1104, 1108, 1112, 1113, 1131, Wilsons Promontory, 709, 811 1146, 1148, 1152 Winchelsea Island, 304 Trial Bay, 301 Wind, 15, 297, 332, 942 Tsunami, 29, 121, 484 monsoon, 15 Tuncurry, 585 sea breeze, 18 Tweed River, 553, 568 trades, 15 Twilight Cove, 982 westerly, 18 Twofold Bay, 676 Windy Harbour, 1041 Wollongong, 648 Wooli, 575 U Woolnorth Point, 779 Ulladulla, 660 Wooramel River delta, 1141 US Corps Engineers, 1210 Wreck Bay, 659 Wylie Escarpment, 991 Wyndham, 226 V Van Diemen Gulf, 244 Van Spoult Head, 372 Y Vegetation Yamba, 573 dune, 98 Yarra River, 830 mangrove, 100 Yeppoon, 454 seagrass, 100 Yorke Peninsula Venus Bay, 816, 954 east coast, 913 south coast, 914 west coast, 919 W Waitpinga, 875 Waratah Bay, 814 Z Wasp Head, 661 Zuytdorp Cliffs, 1125, 1126