Intricacies and Aiding Software Tools Based on Expected Characteristics

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Article No.12

CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH: INTRICACIES AND AIDING SOFTWARE TOOLS BASED ON EXPECTED CHARACTERISTICS

Dr. Munish Sabharwal Executive Director & Professor, KITE Group of Institutions, Meerut (U.P.)

Abstract: The research work was conducted with the objectives to find the intricacies faced by students, research practitioners and professionalsduring their research and to suggest the best software alternatives for each category of problems faced by them, based on expected characteristics. Thestudy is intended to help researchersfrom diverse fields, especially those not belonging to information technology and its allied background.

This study was pursued by the researcher collecting firsthand information for primary data through a face- to face interview of students, research practitioners and professionals from diverse fields using a structured open ended questionnaire querying about the intricacies faced by them during their research and the characteristics expected by them in the software aiding in research. The analysis is performed in three stages; at the first stage the researcher performs thematic textual analysis on the responses to the questionnaire, short listing the intricacies faced by researchers during their research and the characteristics expected by them in the software aiding in research. Secondly, a keyword search is performed on the shortlisted intricaciesto find the categories of software required to aid the researchers for each type of problem faced by them and then find software alternatives for each category of software along with a brief functional minutiae. Finally theresearcher conducts a thorough study of the related literature, websites, brochure of software companies as well as their products and services and also appliesobservation and application method examining the various short listed software alternatives for each category based on expected characteristics to suggests the best software alternatives for each category of intricacies faced by researchers.

Keywords: Referencing Management Software, Numerical Analysis Software, Quantitative or Statistical Analysis Software, Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS or CAQDAS), Web-Based Survey,Plagiarism Detection Software, Group Collaboration and Research Facilitation Software

1.0 Introduction:The inspiration of penning this study came to the researcher on observing many undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students labour hard but still struggle to complete their research project timely and proficiently due to lack of awareness about the useof simple software tools aiding in referencing, decipher complex computations, surveying, data analysis and modelling etc.Donaldson et al., [2008]1 in their study state that basic research is typically driven by scientists’ personal interests and curiosity, and its purpose is to advance knowledge. In contrast, the purpose of applied research is to understand how to prevent or solve practical problems that affect “real” people, organizations, communities, and societies across the globe. Some applied research is descriptive and helps advance our understanding of practical problems and

their potential solutions, while other efforts are evaluative and improve or determine the effectiveness of actions (e.g., programs and policies) to prevent and solve practical problems.

Today the use of computer in contemporary research is so extensive that it is difficult to conceive a research project without the support of IT and it is an arduous task to timely conclude research studies, particularly those involving complex computations, data analysis and modeling without the use of computers. The study aims to suggest the aiding software tools for the problems faced by researcher at all stages of study right from proposal or budget stage to submission or presentation of findings, based on expected characteristics.

2.0 Review of Literature:Kern et al., [2011]2 state that Reference, instruction, and technology come together in the arena of research support. No matter the level of the researcher (from the student writing his or her first high school research paper to the Nobel prize–winning scientist) source citation is fundamental to good research.Beutler, E. [1987]3 defines Bibliography database managers are used to manage information resources: specifically, to maintain a database of references and create bibliographies and reference lists for written works. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. JA Cordon-Garcia, H Martin-Rodero, YJ Alonso- Arevalo [2009]4 in their study makes a comparative analysis of RefWorks, EndNote web and Zotero with a view to highlighting their strengths as well as the elements that could be improved in each tool.Ron Gilmour and Laura Cobus-Kuo Gilmour [2011]5compare four prominent RMs: CiteULike, RefWorks, Mendeley, and Zotero, in terms of features offered and the accuracy of the bibliographies that they generate. To test importing and data management features, fourteen references from seven bibliographic databases were imported into each RM, using automated features whenever possible. To test citation accuracy, bibliographies of these references were generated in five different styles. The authors found that RefWorks generated the most accurate citations. They found that the other RMs offered contrasting strengths: CiteULike in simplicity and social networking, Zotero in ease of automated importing, and Mendeley in PDF management. According to them the choice of an RM should reflect the user's needs and work habits.

In order to prepare a good research report, the researcher needs to review prior literature and related research work as well as cite the referenced material in requisite or required formats; this job is efficiently handled by referencing management software.

G. Wanner [2010]6 state that Numerical methods are usually constructed for solving mathematical problems such as differential equations or optimization problems. Abawi, K. [2008]7 in WHO’s, Research Methodology Workshop, APHI in Kabul in 2008 suggests that Quantitative research is a process of inquiry based on testing a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analyzed using statistical techniques. The goal of quantitative methods is to determine whether the predictive

generalization of a theory hold true or not. K B Keeling, R J Pavur [2007]8 provides insight into a relative comparison of a wide variety of numerical software packages including two free statistical software packages, basic and advanced statistical software packages, and the popular Excel package.

Jirwe, M. [2011]9 in his study explains that qualitative research produces large amounts of textual data in the form of transcripts and observational fieldnotes. The systematic and rigorous preparation and analysis of these data is time consuming and labour intensive.Weitzman, E. A.[1999]10 in his study suggests that the software for qualitative data analysis can benefit the researcher in terms of speed, consistency, rigor, and access to analytic methods not available by hand. Software, however, is not a replacement for methodological training.Banner DJ and Albarrran JW [2009]11 in their research column includes a review of some of the advantages and debates related to the use and integration of qualitative data analysis software.

These different types of approaches to data analysis depending on the type of data like Numerical Analysis, Quantitative or Statistical Analysis, Qualitative Data Analysis. Data analysis for all the different approaches can be easily pursued with the help of Numerical Analysis Software, Quantitative or Statistical Analysis Software, Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS or CAQDAS) depending on the type of data.

Bakla, A et al., [2013]12 in their study state that survey research is a challenging and time-consuming process, but current technology offers educational researchers ample opportunities to design and administer time-efficient surveys. With the help of ubiquitous web-based technologies, it is now possible to design and administer a full-length survey on an online platform at no cost at all. The use of such open-source software or free web services makes it possible to design web surveys which are virtually impossible for the non-expert to design and publish online through coding oriented web design software.

Survey methods are used to gatherinformation, in order to obtain the view or to learn something about a larger population; a sample is drawn in such a way that the results reliably projectthe larger population. These surveys can be implemented using technology, via web based surveys. The web surveys have their advantages like access to individuals in distant locations, convenience of having automated data collection and disadvantages like uncertainty over the validity of the data and sampling issues, and concerns surrounding the design, implementation, and evaluation of an online survey. The rise in web based surveys is due in no small measure to the increasingly widespread availability of computers.

Slamecka [1963]13defines thesaurus as “prescribes the term to be assigned, and/or it suggests the concepts and terms to be considered instead of, or in addition to, terms thought of by indexers without the aid.” and the definition as per Chris D. Paice [1991] 14 is “A thesaurus provides a summary listing of the terms in a domain and the main relations between them.”

Thesaurus are software used to findalternative words to words in order to look for synonyms and antonyms of the words you wish to use in your text in order to maintain its meaning, to vary the vocabulary in our text and to come up with new words all the time. Therefore to prepare an impressive research report the written language has to be dynamic and attractive to the reader, thesaurus software is helpful in this task.

Amabile et al., [2001]15 suggests that Research collaboration' is seen as special form of collaboration, undertaken for the purpose of research, where `research' is implicitly seen as scientific research. They also suggest three dimensions that can be used to describe research collaboration: (1) the profession of the participants, (2) the institutional affiliation, and (3) the organisational level of the collaboration. Sonnenwald [2007] 16further adds (4) the disciplinary focus and (5) the geographical focus. Bukvova, H. [2010]17 suggests that Research collaboration can take place between individuals form the same institutions as well as among individuals from different institutions, even from a different country. It can also connect different disciplines.Söldner, J.H., et al., [2010]18 suggests that scientific production is nowadays often based on cross-institutional collaborations.

Collaborations are required for open and timely communication and interaction between researchers and collaborative software applications are supposed to enable and support this collaborative research work.

Maurer, H. A et al., [2006]19 in their study define plagiarism in the sense of “theft of intellectual property” has been around for as long as humans have produced work of art and research. According to plagiarism.org, the things that immediately come to mind as description of plagiarism are: like turning in someone else's work as your own, copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit, failing to put a quotation in quotation marks, giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation, changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit and copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not.

In academic enterprises like universities, schools and institutions, plagiarism detection and prevention has become one of the educational challenges, because most of the students or researchers can use unfair means when they do the assigned tasks and projects because a lot of resources can be found on the internet and It is so easy to them to use one of the search engines to search for any topic and to cheat from it without citing the owner of the document. Plagiarism detection and prevention has become one of the educational and research challenges, now most of the universities as well publication houses publishing reputed journals have made it mandatory to check for plagiarism and even produce plagiarism detection report so as to avoid cheating,copying and modifying documents created by others without citing the owner of the document. This can be accomplished by Plagiarism detection and prevention software.

Mirashe, S. P., Kalyankar [2012]20 states that computing as you know it is about to change, your applications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I'm talking about cloud computing, where applications and files are hosted on a "cloud" consisting of thousands of computers and servers, all linked together and accessible via the Internet. With cloud computing, everything you do is now web based instead of being desktop based. You can access all your programs and documents from any computer that's connected to the Internet.

Academic search engines (Google Scholar, Microsoft's Academic, etc.) are important tools for modern research. Marcus P. Zillman [2005]21 suggests that with the constant addition of new and pertinent information coming online every second it is very easy to go into information overload. The true key is to be able to find the important academic and scholarly information both in the visible and invisible World Wide Web. He gives a compilation of the latest and mostcompetent academic and scholar search engines and sources that offer excellent information retrieval and extraction to help you accomplish your research goals.

The researcher must also register himself with a digital content sharing platform like an electronic digital library etc for e-books, for accessing and sharing content in the form of text, images as well as audio and video material stored various formats and Cloud Based File Storage System, Leading Research Publishing Houses etc.

Research Crevice:Most research studies focus either on a particular problem in research or focus individually on a particular type of software, its alternatives and their comparisons. The author could not find any study that suggests best software alternatives to aid in research for several categories of problems faced by researchers that too software alternatives based on widely expected characteristics.

3.0 Objectives of The Study:The research work was conducted with the objectives:  To find the intricacies faced by students, research practitioners and professionalsduring their research.  To find the characteristics expected by students, research practitioners and professionalsin the research aiding software tools.  To suggest the best software alternatives for each category of intricacies based on expected characteristics.

4.0 Research Methodology:

Scope of Research: Since the researcher is not able to obtain a random or stratified sample, non-probability sampling is used and the validity of non-probability samples is increased by trying to approximate random selection and by eliminating as many sources of bias as possible.

Population:The students, research practitioners and professionalsfrom diverse fields who a have completed a research project at UG, PG,Doctoral, Post Doctoral and Professional level.

Sample Design:The researcher has used non-probability purposive snowball sampling, selecting a specific group of students, research practitioners and professionalswho haveat least completed a research project at UG, PG, Doctoral, Post Doctoral and Professional level.

Sample Size:100

Data Collection:The collection of firsthand information for primary data is done by the researcher through a face-to face interview using a structured open ended questionnaire for collecting information from students, research practitioners and professionalsfrom diverse fields regarding the problems faced by them during their research and the characteristics expected by them in the research aidingsoftware tools.

Analysis:The analysis is performed in three stages:

At the first stage the researcher performs thematic textual analysis on the responses to the questionnaire. The analysis of the first question of questionnaire gives the various types of the problems faced by researchers and the analysis of the second question of questionnaire gives the various characteristicsexpected by researchers in software aiding in research.Then a keyword search is performed on the shortlisted intricaciesto find the categories of software required to aid the researchers for each type of problem faced by them and find software alternatives for each category of software along with a brief functional minutiae. At the third and final stage, the researcher conducts a thorough study of the related literature, websites, brochure of software companies as well as their products and services and also apply observation and application method examining the various short listed software alternatives for each category based on expected characteristics to suggests the best software alternatives for each category of intricacies faced by students, research practitioners and professionals.

5.0 Findings: The respondents (students, research practitioners and professionals from diverse fields who a have completed a research project a UG, PG, Doctoral, Post doctoral and Professional level) were asked questions through a face-to face interview using a structured open ended questionnaire and the FIG1.0 shows that the there is a fairly even spread of respondents from all levels.

FIGURE 1.0: CATEGORY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS

The thematic textual analysis on the responses to the first question of the questionnaire and the following results:

TABLE 1.0: LIST OF THE TYPES OF PROBLEMS FACED BY S. Frequenc RESEARCHERS AFTER CODING AND THEMATIC TEXTUAL No. y (n) ANALYSIS 1 Referencing or Bibliography or Literature Review 22 Analysis of Data (Numerical Data, Quantitative or Statistical Data, 2 20 Qualitative Data) 3 Data Surveying 17 4 Group Collaboration and Research Facilitation 13 5 Plagiarism Detection 9 6 Content Publishing and Sharing 7 7 Thesaurus or word power 5 Others like Type setting for Maths and Equations, Academic Search 8 Engines, File Conversionsandproblems related specific areas or 7 subjects and not general problems

The thematic textual analysis on the responses to the second question of the questionnaire reveals the following results:

TABLE 1.1: LIST OF THE CHARACTERISTICS EXPECTED BY S. Frequenc RESEARCHERS IN SOFTWARE AIDING IN RESEARCH No. y (n) AFTER CODING AND THEMATIC TEXTUAL ANALYSIS 1 Portability 19 2 Freeware 19 3 Easy user Interface 16 4 More Features 14 5 Speed / Faster Processing Time 12 6 Reliable or Company Supported 11 7 Others 9

Then a keyword search is performed based on the shortlisted intricaciesfrom results of the thematic textual analysis of the first question of questionnaire to find the categories of software required to aid in the each type of problems faced by researchers as below:

S. TABLE 1.2: LIST OF THE CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE REQUIRED No. TO AID IN EACH TYPE OF PROBLEMS FACED BY RESEARCHERS AFTER KEYWORD SEARCH 1 Referencing Management Software or Bibliography Database Managers 2 Numerical Analysis Software 3 Quantitative or Statistical Analysis Software Computer Assisted QDAS or Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS or 4 CAQDAS) Group Collaboration and Research Facilitation Software and Cloud 5 Storage 6 Web-Based Survey Software 7 Plagiarism Detection Software 8 Register with Digital Content Sharing Platforms or services 9 File Conversion Software 10 High-Quality Typesetting System

Further the software alternatives for each category of software mentioned above are found using “KEYWORD SEARCH” along with brief functional minutiae, the results are as below:

TABLE 1.3: REFERENCING MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: Referencing Management Software is used to create bibliographies and reference lists for written works and research reports. Proprietary and BibBase, Biblioscape, Bookends, Citavi, CiteULike, colwiz, Commercial Endnote,OmniOutliner, Paperpile, Papers, Qiqqa, ReadCube, alternatives Reference Manager,RefWork, SciRef, Sente, WizFolio etc. Open source and Aigaion, Bebop, BibDesk, BibSonomy, Bibus, Docear, JabRef, Free alternatives KBibTeX,

Memonic, Mendeley, NixNote , Pybliographer, refbase, RefDB, Referencer, ScrapBook , Zotero etc.

TABLE 1.4: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: Numerical analysis software’s are software’s primarily intended for performing numerical calculations, numerical computations, mathematical modelling as well as for problem solving. The software can be language oriented as well as interface oriented. They are used in engineering, computational finance, and computational biology. Ch, DADiSP, Data Analyser MadArtSoft, Dyalog APL, Proprietary GAUSS, IGOR Pro, jBEAM, LabVIEW, Maple, Mathcad, andcommercialalternatives MATHEMATIA, MATLAB,Origin, Sysquake, TK Solver, Vcmaster, VisSim etc. GNU OCTAVE, SCILAB, SAGE, FREEMAT, RPYTHON, Open source and Free SimplexNumerica, mpmath, Julia, S-Lang, Fityk, J, Euler alternatives Math Toolbox, Maxima, Genius, Spyder, Sagemath, Yorick, SCaViS, ADMB etc.

TABLE 1.5: QUANTITATIVE OR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: The quantitative or statistical analysis software are programs designed for use with quantitative data and such software is frequently used among social science researchers. These are used to generate tabulated reports, charts, and plots of distributions and trends, as well as generate descriptive statistics and more complex statistical analyses. Origin, OxMetrics, Primer, RATS, SAS, SHAZAM, SigmaXL, Proprietary SPlus,SPSS, STATA, Statgraphics, STATISTICA, StatPlus, andcommercial SYSTAT, TSP, UNISTAT, WINKS, Winpepi, Wizard, WPS, alternatives XploRe etc. Dataplot, Epi Info, Gnumeric,JMP, MicrOsiris, OpenStat, PSPP, Open source and Free R (In combination with Rstudio, Deducer, Rcomander, JGP, alternatives Epilnfo, Rcmdr), ROOT, Sage,SalStat-2, SciPy, SISA, SOFA Statistics, SSP etc.

TABLE 1.6: QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE (QDAS OR QDA) Brief Functional Minutiae: Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software helps people to manage shape and makes sense of unstructured information by classifying, sorting and arranging information, identify themes, glean insight and develop meaningful, evidence based conclusions. Proprietary Atlas.ti, Dedoose, HyperRESEARCH, MAXqda, NVivo 8, QDA andcommercial Miner, Transana, Xsight etc.

alternatives Open source and Free AnSWR, CAQDAS, CATMA, RQDA, TAMS Analyzer, alternatives WeftQDA etc.

TABLE 1.7: WEB – BASED SURVEY SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: Basic survey process features include tracking of survey respondent email, email response notification, real time tracking of item responses, and the ability to export survey responses to statistical software packages. The web survey is a cost effective way of administering a survey that allows you to collect large amounts of information without having to pay for interviewers, paper supplies or postage, and does not require separate data entry for responses to be processed. eSurveysPro, Fluidsurveys, Key Survey, Obsurvey, Proprietary QuestionPro, SSI WebSurvey Analytics, Survey Expression, andcommercial Survey Gizmo, Survey Monkey, SurveyGold, Survs, alternatives Zoomerang etc. Google Docs (Forms), Joomla, KwikSurveys, LimeSurvey, Open source and Moodle, PollDaddy, SogoSurvey, Sosci Survey, Super Simple Free alternatives Survey etc.

TABLE 1.8: GROUP COLLABORATION AND RESEARCH FACILITATION SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: Group collaboration software provides tools for groups of people or organizations to share information and coordinate activities. These are only useful when you are pursuing research in a group. Proprietary and Banckle Mail, IBM Lotus notes, Microsoft Exchange, commercial Microsoft SharePoint and OCS, Quicknotes plus etc. alternatives Bynari, Citadel, Horde Groupware webmail, Kolab, Open source and OpenGroupware, Scalix, Zafara, Zimbra Collaboration Suite Free alternatives etc. Cloud Based File Storage System: These are cloud based automatic file- synchronization tools, give you access to your files no matter what computer or device you have at hand. You can install these applications on virtually any computer and mobile device you own to have instant access to all your files. The popular alternatives are Dropbox, Gdrive, OneDrive, icloud, Copy, Box etc. The free registration will give you limited memory and you can opt for additional memory buy opting for paid or business service.

TABLE 1.9: THESAURUS MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: These software plays in important part in preparing an impressive research report because just like spoken language, written language has to be dynamic and

attractive to the reader. Thesaurus management software is available in installable standalone versions or as modules of database packages. Free or open source versions of thesaurus management software are available as offline as well as online version. Proprietary andcommercial Beat, MultiTes, STRIDE, TAT, TCS etc. alternatives Aard Dictionary, Artha Dictionary, Collins Dictionary, Open source and Free Dictionary.com,GoldenDict, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, alternatives Oxford Dictionaries Online, Ultimate Dictionary, Word-Net Online, WordWeb etc.

TABLE 1.10: PLAGIARISM DETECTION SOFTWARE Brief Functional Minutiae: plagiarism detection software is used to check for plagiarism and even produce plagiarism detection report so as to avoid cheating, copying and modifying documents created by others without citing the owner of the document. Academic Plagiarism, Canexus, Proprietary CheckForPlagiarism,Docoloc, iThenticate, PlagAware, andcommercial plagiarism.org, PlagiarismDetection.org, PlagiumPlagScan, alternatives The Plagiarism Checker, Turnitin.com, WriteCheck etc. Anti-Plagiarism, DupliChecker, Plagiarism Detector, Open source and Plagiarisma.net, PlagiarismChecker.com, Plagtracker, Free alternatives SeeSources, Viper etc.

TABLE 1.11: HIGH-QUALITY TYPESETTING SYSTEM Brief Functional Minutiae: The Typesetting software that are useful for writing complex mathematical formulas nd equations and the file will remain stable. Proprietary Adobe Framemaker, Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Office Publisher, andcommercial QuarkXPress, RagTime, Swift Publisher etc. alternatives Open source and Free LaTex, LaTexInWord with MSWord etc. alternatives

TABLE 1.12: REGISTER WITH THE FOLLOWING PLATFORMS OR SERVICES Digital Content Sharing Platforms: The first type of digital content sharing platforms can be digital libraries featuring an eBook subscription service like Scribd, Issuu, iBooks Google Play Books etc

Another type of digital content sharing platforms can be of Presentations, professional

content and information presentations sharing community like slideshare, slideBoom, slideRocket, slideWorld, AuthorStream, PowerShow etc.

Academic search engines: Digital content sharing can also be done using a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines like Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, Scopus, CiteSeerx, etc.

Leading Research Publishing Houses:During the research one needs to refer and review previously published research in the reputed journals and also one needs to publish his own research work in journals of reputed publishers therefore one needs to register himself with the leading research publishing houses like Elsevier, Springer link, John Wiley and Sons, Taylor Francis, Thomson Reuters etc.

File Conversion Software: The bottommost but ultra-practical software tools are file conversion software, they are used to convert files of one format into another; these are particularly helpful when we want to use data available in a particular file format in our research report, which is being prepared in a different format. The file converters can perform conversion like document conversions e.g. PDF to Word, PDF to Excel, Excel to Word and vice-versa, image conversions, audio and video formats conversions etc. File converter software are available in installable and online versions, freeware as well as commercial license products.

6.0 Conclusions And Implications:

The types ofintricacies faced by students, research practitioners and professionalsfrom diverse fields during their research are:

Referencing or Bibliography or Literature Review Analysis of Data (Numerical Data, Quantitative or Statistical Data, Qualitative Data) Data Survey Group Collaboration and Research Facilitation Software Plagiarism Detection Publishing and Sharing Content Thesaurus Others like Type setting for Maths and Equations, Academic Search Engines, File Conversions and problems related specific areas or subjects and not general problems

The characteristics expected by research practitioners in the research aiding software are: Portability Freeware Easy User Interface More Features

Speed / Faster Processing Time Reliable or Company Supported Others

The suggested best software alternatives for each type of problems based on the above characteristics, by collecting data from secondary sources through a thorough study of the related literature, websites, brochure of software companies as well as their products and services and also applying observation and application methodare as below (The alternatives have been segregated into open source and commercial, as a large majority of respondents expected open source as a characteristic):

TABLE No. 2.0 ALTERNATIVES BASED ON SOFTWARE S. NO. TYPE CHARACTERISTICS SUGGESTED BY CATEGORIES RESEARCHERS Referencing Open Source Mendeley, Zotero, Colwiz 1 Management Software Commercial Reference Manager, Endnote, papers Numerical Open Source GNU OCTAVE, SCILAB, SAGE 2 Analysis Software Commercial MATLAB, MATHEMATIA Quantitative or R (In combination with Rstudio, Deducer, Open Source 3 Statistical Rcomander, JGP, Epilnfo, Rcmdr), PSPP Analysis Software Commercial SPSS, SAS Qualitative Data Open Source QDA Miner lite,CAT 4 Analysis Software Commercial NVivo 8, Atlas.ti, QDA Miner (QDAS or QDA) Group Open Source Kolab, Bynari, Zimbra Collaboration 5 and Research IBM Lotus notes, Microsoft Exchange Commercial Facilitation Server and Microsoft Lync server Software Free OneDrive, Gdrive 6 Cloud Storage (up to 15GB) Commercial Dropbox, icloud (Mac) Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Dictionary.com, Oxford Dictionaries Online Open Source 7 Thesaurus (On-Line)andCollins Dictionary, Ultimate Dictionary (Off-Line) Commercial Beat, MultiTes, TCS LimeSurvey, Google Docs (Forms), Type Web-Based Open Source 8 forms Survey Software Commercial Survey Monkey, Survey Gizmo,QuestionPro

Plagiarism Open Source PlagiarismChecker.com, Plagiarisma.net, 9 Detection PlagAware, PlagScan, iThenticate, Commercial Software PlagiarismDetection.org, Turnitin.com, High-Quality Open Source LaTex 10 Typesetting Commercial Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Office Publisher System

7.0 Suggestions: The suggestions for the potential researchers and users of the suggested software is that efficient and effective deployment as well use of software requires comprehensive knowledge of the applications and their characteristics therefore before adopting any tool the researchers must take a thorough review of the extant body of literature on software and study about its functional details as well as use it for a brief period to understand as well as familiarize with its interface in order to get a feel of its features and user- friendliness.

8.0 Scope For Further Research:

There is scope for further study to apply this technique to find the intricacies and aiding software tools for specific scientific research.

Further many UG, PG and doctoral students toil hard to determine which suitable statistical method they can use to analyze the data collected by them, depending upon the type of data. Therefore there is additional scope to develop a flowchart and working algorithm to help the researchers decide which statistical method they can use to analyze their data, depending upon the type of data and also suggest an appropriate statistical method as well as software tool.

9.0 Bibliography And References:

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