DOCSLIB.ORG

Uranium-Series Isotope Constraints on Magma Generation and Differentiation in the Central Oregon Cascades Euan Mitchell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uranium-Series Isotope Constraints on Magma Generation and Differentiation in the Central Oregon Cascades Euan Mitchell University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 9-5-2013 Uranium-series isotope constraints on magma generation and differentiation in the central Oregon Cascades Euan Mitchell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds Recommended Citation Mitchell, Euan. "Uranium-series isotope constraints on magma generation and differentiation in the central Oregon Cascades." (2013). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/54 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Euan C. Mitchell Candidate Earth and Planetary Sciences Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Yemane Asmerom, Chairperson Carl Agee David Draper Tobias Fischer Jane Selverstone - i - URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPE CONSTRAINTS ON MAGMA GENERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CENTRAL OREGON CASCADES by EUAN C. MITCHELL M.E.Sci., Geology, University of Liverpool, 2005 M.S., Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 2007 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Earth and Planetary Sciences The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2013 - ii - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0948703 to Yemane Asmerom, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico. Graduate student scholarships distributed by the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences on behalf of many generous supporters of the department are gratefully acknowledged. This dissertation would not have been possible without the training, guidance, and support of Victor Polyak in all aspects of the laboratory work. Mehdi Ali provided access to the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory in E&PS for sample preparation, and provided valuable assistance with the XRF analyses. Tim DeBey and the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey TRIGA reactor facility in Denver, CO, are thanked for their efforts in producing the Pa spikes. I would like to thank my committee chair and advisor Yemane Asmerom for giving me the opportunity to work on this project, and his input at every stage of the process. I also would like to acknowledge my other committee members: Carl Agee, Tobias Fischer, and Jane Selverstone at UNM, and Dave Draper at NASA. The support and friendship of the faculty, staff, and students of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences over the last eight years has been essential. Lastly, I would not be where I am today without the love and support of my family, who have always encouraged me in pursuit of my goals, even when that has taken me so far from home for so long. - iii - URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPE CONSTRAINTS ON MAGMA GENERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CENTRAL OREGON CASCADES by Euan C. Mitchell M.E.Sci., Geology, University of Liverpool, 2005 M.S., Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 2007 Ph.D., Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 2013 ABSTRACT The Cascade volcanic arc, extending for ~ 1250 km from northern California, USA, to southern British Columbia, Canada, is the surface expression of NE-directed subduction of the Juan de Fuca microplate beneath North America. Slow subduction of young, hot oceanic lithosphere creates an unusually warm subduction environment at depth. Fore-arc rotation and impingement of Basin and Range faulting create an extensional environment within much of the arc. The combination of these factors has been postulated as a cause of the wide variety of primitive basaltic compositions erupted within the arc. Within central Oregon, where intra-arc extension is highly focused, young mafic volcanism is particularly abundant, and eruption of true rhyolite is unusually common also. This dissertation seeks to address the generation and differentiation of young (< 20 ka) magmas in the central Oregon Cascades through application of uranium-series (U-series) isotope data, in conjunction with elemental and Sr-Nd isotope data. Trace element and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd) data for the most primitive lavas suggest derivation by < 10% partial melting of a garnet-bearing mantle source. This source is interpreted to have experienced relatively minor modification by a slab-derived component, most likely via addition of a partial melt of subducted sediments. The 238U- - iv - 230Th-226Ra U-series data are consistent with this interpretation. However, as a result of the minor (230Th/238U) disequilibrium created in the mantle wedge as a consequence of fluid addition, the data cannot resolve whether fluid modification of the source initiated melting or was an earlier (> 350 k.y. prior) event. (231Pa/235U) data for these samples, the first such data from the Cascades, are two to four times higher than any U-Pa data previously measured in lavas from any tectonic setting. The data cannot be reproduced from a secular equilibrium or U-enriched source with reasonable model parameters, implying significant pre-melting source 231Pa- enrichment. This source enrichment is interpreted to result from addition of a subducted sediment partial melt, generated in the presence of an allanite/monazite-free residue as a consequence of the hot conditions within the subducting slab. This implies melt addition to the sub-arc mantle << 150 k.y. prior to melting. The majority of the mafic lavas erupted in the study area have been modified from mantle-derived compositions by passage through the ~ 45 km thick overlying arc crust. Modification of mantle-derived magmas in the Three Sisters appears to have been dominated by interaction with a lower crustal component, likely a partial melt of mafic lower crust and/or a residual liquid from fractional crystallization of hydrous basalt. Crustal interaction at Newberry, in contrast, is dominated by assimilation of a felsic upper crustal component, similar in composition to obsidians erupted within the central caldera. Magma differentiation in the Three Sisters region leads to both decreases and increases in U-series isotope activity ratios, while at Newberry activity ratios are lowered by assimilation of felsic crust. - v - Eruption of true rhyolite is unusually common around South Sister in comparison with the arc axis elsewhere. Newberry is a bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic field similar to other rear-arc volcanoes in the Cascades, with abundant true rhyolite also. Three compositionally very similar South Sister rhyolites are interpreted as 15 to 20% partial melts of lower crustal mafic amphibolite, modified slightly by AFC processes in the same shallow magma chamber prior to eruption. Two Newberry obsidians display slightly greater compositional variability, including U-series variations, and are interpreted as separate melts of upper crustal granitic rocks, which are themselves interpreted to ultimately result from lower crustal melting. A recurrent theme throughout this dissertation is the strong control exerted on magmatism in the study area by local tectonic factors. In the Three Sisters region, where intra-arc extension is highly focused and the study area lies within the High Cascades graben, primitive magmas are relatively common. Furthermore, lower crustal processes are the dominant influence on differentiation of primitive magmas as well as generation of felsic magmas, with minor upper crustal interaction. In contrast, primitive compositions are rare or absent at Newberry, where a large volcanic edifice has developed since at least 0.5 Ma. Melts from the mantle or lower crust are intercepted beneath the central caldera, where only felsic lavas generated by re-melting of shallow granitic intrusions are erupted. Evolved mafic magmas, carrying a signature of upper crustal interaction, are confined to flank eruptions along rift zones. - vi - TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Scope of the Dissertation ......................................................................................... 1 1.2. The Cascades ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1. Tectonic Setting ................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2. High Cascades Magmatism ............................................................................... 6 1.2.3. Field Area and Samples .................................................................................... 9 1.3. Uranium-Series Isotope Systematics ..................................................................... 11 1.4. U-series isotope systematics of mafic magmas from central Oregon: Implications for fluid involvement and melting processes in the Cascade arc (Chapter 2) .............. 17 1.5. Extreme 231Pa-enrichment in young Cascade arc lavas - signature of sediment melting in a warm arc? (Chapter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • 224641234.Pdf
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 19, Number 3, 2019 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1870 A Low-Diversity Microbiota Inhabits Extreme Terrestrial Basaltic Terrains and Their Fumaroles: Implications for the Exploration of Mars Charles S. Cockell,1 Jesse P. Harrison,2,3 Adam H. Stevens,1 Samuel J. Payler,1 Scott S. Hughes,4 Shannon E. Kobs Nawotniak,4 Allyson L. Brady,5 R.C. Elphic,6 Christopher W. Haberle,7 Alexander Sehlke,6 Kara H. Beaton,8 Andrew F.J. Abercromby,9 Petra Schwendner,1 Jennifer Wadsworth,1 Hanna Landenmark,1 Rosie Cane,1 Andrew W. Dickinson,1 Natasha Nicholson,1 Liam Perera,1 and Darlene S.S. Lim6,10 Abstract A major objective in the exploration of Mars is to test the hypothesis that the planet hosted life. Even in the absence of life, the mapping of habitable and uninhabitable environments is an essential task in developing a complete understanding of the geological and aqueous history of Mars and, as a consequence, understanding what factors caused Earth to take a different trajectory of biological potential. We carried out the aseptic collection of samples and comparison of the bacterial and archaeal communities associated with basaltic fumaroles and rocks of varying weathering states in Hawai‘i to test four hypotheses concerning the diversity of life in these environments. Using high-throughput sequencing, we found that all these materials are inhabited by a low-diversity biota. Multivariate analyses of bacterial community data showed a clear separation between sites that have active fumaroles and other sites that comprised relict fumaroles, unaltered, and syn-emplacement basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • (50000) Quaoar, See Quaoar (90377) Sedna, See Sedna 1992 QB1 267
    Index (50000) Quaoar, see Quaoar Apollo Mission Science Reports 114 (90377) Sedna, see Sedna Apollo samples 114, 115, 122, 1992 QB1 267, 268 ap-value, 3-hour, conversion from Kp 10 1996 TL66 268 arcade, post-eruptive 24–26 1998 WW31 274 Archimedian spiral 11 2000 CR105 269 Arecibo observatory 63 2000 OO67 277 Ariel, carbon dioxide ice 256–257 2003 EL61 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 286, astrometric detection, of extrasolar planets – mass 273 190 – satellites 273 Atlas 230, 242, 244 – water ice 273 Bartels, Julius 4, 8 2003 UB313 269, 270, 271–272, 274, 286 – methane 271–272 Becquerel, Antoine Henry 3 – orbital parameters 271 Biermann, Ludwig 5 – satellite 272 biomass, from chemolithoautotrophs, on Earth 169 – spectroscopic studies 271 –, – on Mars 169 2005 FY 269, 270, 272–273, 286 9 bombardment, late heavy 68, 70, 71, 77, 78 – atmosphere 273 Borealis basin 68, 71, 72 – methane 272–273 ‘Brown Dwarf Desert’ 181, 188 – orbital parameters 272 brown dwarfs, deuterium-burning limit 181 51 Pegasi b 179, 185 – formation 181 Alfvén, Hannes 11 Callisto 197, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, ALH84001 (martian meteorite) 160 207, 211, 213 Amalthea 198, 199, 200, 204–205, 206, 207 – accretion 206, 207 – bright crater 199 – compared with Ganymede 204, 207 – density 205 – composition 204 – discovery by Barnard 205 – geology 213 – discovery of icy nature 200 – ice thickness 204 – evidence for icy composition 205 – internal structure 197, 198, 204 – internal structure 198 – multi-ringed impact basins 205, 211 – orbit 205 – partial differentiation 200, 204, 206,
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy of Explosively Erupted Terrestrial Basalts: Potential Analogues for Surface Compositions on Mars. J
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005) 1114.pdf THERMAL INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF EXPLOSIVELY ERUPTED TERRESTRIAL BASALTS: POTENTIAL ANALOGUES FOR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS ON MARS. J. B. Witter1, V. E. Hamilton1 and B. F. Houghton2, 1Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1680 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822; [email protected]. Introduction: Basaltic pyroclastic ejecta from parameters derived from the deposit are: column terrestrial Plinian eruptions may be analogues for height of 50 km and mass eruption rate of ~5 x 108 Martian surface materials observed by the Thermal kg/s [20]. The San Judas Formation resulted from a Emission Spectrometer (TES). We have acquired smaller eruption column (18 km height) and a lower samples from the 122 B.C. Etna (Italy), 1886 Taraw- mass eruption rate (~3 x 107 kg/s) that deposited at era (New Zealand), and prehistoric Masaya (Nicara- least 1.2 km3 of basaltic tephra [20]. The mechanism gua) eruptions for spectral analysis and comparison for Plinian eruption at Masaya is suggested by [19] to to Martian infrared surface spectra. involve rapid ascent of volatile-rich basaltic magma Explosive Basaltic Volcanism on Mars: Nu- from a deep (~100 km) source. merous lines of evidence suggest that explosive ba- 122 B.C. eruption of Etna, Italy. Basaltic pyro- saltic volcanism likely has occurred on Mars clastic deposits at Etna have formed from at least 24 throughout the planet's history. Evidence for explo- sub-Plinian eruptions and one Plinian eruption in the sive activity includes: models of magma ascent and last 13 ka [21].
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
    APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei
    [Show full text]
  • The Vanderbilt Hustler
    www.InsideVandy.com HUSTLER THETHURSDAY, FEBRUARY VANDERBIL 2, 2012 ★ 124TH YEAR, NO. 7 ★ THE VOICE OF VANDERBILT SINCE 1888 T New kids on the block U.S. ambassador talks Egypt, Vanderbilt head coach James Arab spring KATIE KROG Franklin and the SENIOR PRODUCER coaching staff Students, faculty and guests crowded into Buttrick 101 Wednesday evening to listen to celebrated one former U.S. Ambassador to Egypt Margaret Scobey speak. of the best The event, which included a talk and a ques- tion and answer session, focused on Egypt signing classes and the Arab Spring, a series of protests and demonstrations that began in 2010. in Vanderbilt Scobey referred to the Arab Spring as “un- doubtedly the most exciting event of my ca- football history reer.” She added, “It was really just kind of on Wednesday, amazing to see a country of 82 million people rise up and say ‘enough.’ It was a very exciting welcoming 21 time, very momentous, and I think it’s going to have long term impact on a variety of is- new players to sues.” According to Scobey, a key priority for the Nashville. United States is “advancing peace, security K EVIN BARNETT/ THE VANDERBILT HUSTLER and opportunity in the Middle East, not only because of the long-term benefits to the na- signees receiving less tional order and global prosperity, but to the than a three-star rating here-and-now issues that we are confronting.” according to Rivals.com 6’5” Scobey said that these current issues in- 0 average height clude the defeat of al-Qaeda and other extrem- 285 of the six ist groups; the erasure of the spread of nuclear weight of three different signees with offensive line weapons; the promotion of Arab-Israeli peace; offensive line signees the increase of commerce; the countering of offers from other signees aggression; and furthering the spread of de- SEC programs signees who led mocracy and respect for human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • In Pdf Format
    lós 1877 Mik 88 ge N 18 e N i h 80° 80° 80° ll T 80° re ly a o ndae ma p k Pl m os U has ia n anum Boreu bal e C h o A al m re u c K e o re S O a B Bo l y m p i a U n d Planum Es co e ria a l H y n d s p e U 60° e 60° 60° r b o r e a e 60° l l o C MARS · Korolev a i PHOTOMAP d n a c S Lomono a sov i T a t n M 1:320 000 000 i t V s a Per V s n a s l i l epe a s l i t i t a s B o r e a R u 1 cm = 320 km lkin t i t a s B o r e a a A a A l v s l i F e c b a P u o ss i North a s North s Fo d V s a a F s i e i c a a t ssa l vi o l eo Fo i p l ko R e e r e a o an u s a p t il b s em Stokes M ic s T M T P l Kunowski U 40° on a a 40° 40° a n T 40° e n i O Va a t i a LY VI 19 ll ic KI 76 es a As N M curi N G– ra ras- s Planum Acidalia Colles ier 2 + te .
    [Show full text]
  • Voided Certificate of Employee Information Reports
    Public Contracts Equal Employment Opportunity Compliance Monitoring Program Voided Certificate of Employee Information Report Report run on: June 6, 2017 3:22 PM Name of Company Cert Street City State Zip (PC) 2 HD 37407 245 EAST 30TH NEW YORK CITY NY 10016 1515 BOARDWALK, INC 18317 121 WASHINGTON ST TOMS RIVER NJ 08753 174 NEWARK AVENUE ASSOCIATES, LP 34742 103 EISENHOWER PARKWAY ROSELAND NJ 07068 1993-N2 PROPERTIES, NO. 3 LIMITED PARTNERSHI 19621 12100 WILSHIRE BLVD LOS ANGELES CA 90025 1ST CALL PAINTING CONTRACTORS, LLC 37000 980-B DEHART PLACE ELIZABETH NJ 07202 3-2-1 QUALITY PRINTING 21779 100 JERSEY AVENUE NEW BRUNSWICK NJ 08901 3-D MFG.-DBA- AMERICAN LA-FRANCE 2831 500 S. AIRPORT ROAD SHAWANO WI 54166 4 FRONT VIDEO DESIGN INC. 22299 1500 BROADWAY #509 NEW YORK NY 10036 55 WASHINGTON STREET LLC 28132 P.O. BOX 66 CLOSTER NJ 07624 9-15 SOUTH MAIN STREET CORP. 20587 1125 ATLANTIC AVE., SUITE 617 ATLANTIC CITY NJ 08401 A & A ENGINEERING 9780 300 CORPORATE CENTER DRIVE MANALAPAN NJ 07726 A & B WIPER SUPPLY, INC. 6848 116 FOUNTAIN ST. PHILADELPHIA PA 19127 A & E CARPENTRY, INC. 8048 584 STUDIO RD. RIDGEFIELD NJ 07657 A & L UNIFORMS, L L C 37818 2605 SOUTH BROAD STREET TRENTON NJ 08610 A & P TUTORING, LLC 34701 4201 CHURCH ROAD #242 MT. LAUREL NJ 08054 A & R AUTO SUPPLY, INC. 7169 300 ATLANTIC CITY BLVD. TOMS RIVER NJ 08757 A & S FUEL OIL CO. INC. 25667 95 CALAIS ROAD PO BOX 22 IRONIA NJ 07845 A & W TECHNICAL SALES, INC. 33404 420 COMMERCE LANE, SUITE 3 WEST BERLIN NJ 08091 A AND C LABORATORIES, INC 17387 168 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriages 1885-1920
    Chester County Marriages Grooms Index 1885-1930 Groom's Last Name Groom's First Name Middle Name Groom's Date of Birth Groom's Age Bride's First Name Bride's Last Name Date of Application Date of Marriage Place of Marriage License # Aaron J Ward 18 Leonore Harvey January 2, 1926 Green Hill 26191 Aaron Rowland 21 Ethel Brown January 7, 1925 West Chester 25535 Aaronoff Joseph 27 Kathryn Kann December 2, 1915 Lincoln University 18839 Aaronson JosephFebruary 20, 1871 Rosa Kaplan June 5, 1896 5413 Abbott Charles FApril 8, 1874 Elsie Kurts September 24, 1903 Landenberg 10008 Abbott Charles Shewell 24 Margaret Robinson August 6, 1923 Paoli 24532 Abbott Frank EdwardNovember 7, 1862 Beatrice Andrews December 9, 1891 Coatesville 2931 Abbott GeorgeDecember 9, 1876 Elizabeth Scattergood May 5, 1898 West Chester 6442 Abbott James HermanFebruary 19, 1871 Maud Waitneight January 30, 1901 Phoenixville 8156 Abel Charles Boehnke 21 Mabel Barnes March 27, 1929 Honey Brook 29126 Abel Charles William 23 Cora Peters April 21, 1928 Union Presbyterian Church Manse 28004 Abel Howard JOctober 29, 1875 19 Bertha Martin December 10, 1894 Kennett Square 4532 Abel Howard SamuelNovember 14, 1884 Sara Forest February 17, 1906 Brandywine Manor 11674 Abel Joshua MAugust 9, 1863 Kate Haise April 4, 1889 West Chester 1531 Abel William MAugust 9, 1868 Caroline Rigdon March 23, 1904 West Chester 10308 Abernathy John ASeptember 9, 1886 Emma Hall March 13, 1912 Downingtown 16266 Abernathy Samuel COctober 14, 1874 Ethel Chrisman September 19, 1906 Coventryville 12112 Abernathy
    [Show full text]
  • Seismology on Small Planetary Bodies by Orbital Laser Doppler Vibrometry
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Advances in Space Research 64 (2019) 527–544 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Seismology on small planetary bodies by orbital laser Doppler vibrometry Paul Sava a,⇑, Erik Asphaug b a Center for Wave Phenomena, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA b Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Received 20 October 2018; received in revised form 23 March 2019; accepted 15 April 2019 Available online 24 April 2019 Abstract The interior structure of small planetary bodies holds clues about their origin and evolution, from which we can derive an understand- ing of the solar system’s formation. High resolution geophysical imaging of small bodies can use either radar waves for dielectric prop- erties, or seismic waves for elastic properties. Radar investigation is efficiently done from orbiters, but conventional seismic investigation requires landed instruments (seismometers, geophones) mechanically coupled to the body. We propose an alternative form of seismic investigation for small bodies using Laser Doppler Vibrometers (LDV). LDVs can sense motion at a distance, without contact with the ground, using coherent laser beams reflected off the body. LDVs can be mounted on orbi- ters, transforming seismology into a remote sensing investigation, comparable to making visual, thermal or electromagnetic observations from space. Orbital seismometers are advantageous over landed seismometers because they do not require expensive and complex land- ing operations, do not require mechanical coupling with the ground, are mobile and can provide global coverage, operate from stable and robust orbital platforms that can be made absolutely quiet from vibrations, and do not have sensitive mechanical components.
    [Show full text]
  • Dónal P. O'mathúna · Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors
    Advancing Global Bioethics 11 Dónal P. O’Mathúna · Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories Advancing Global Bioethics Volume 11 Series editors Henk A.M.J. ten Have Duquesne University Pittsburgh, USA Bert Gordijn Institute of Ethics Dublin City University Dublin, Ireland The book series Global Bioethics provides a forum for normative analysis of a vast range of important new issues in bioethics from a truly global perspective and with a cross-cultural approach. The issues covered by the series include among other things sponsorship of research and education, scientific misconduct and research integrity, exploitation of research participants in resource-poor settings, brain drain and migration of healthcare workers, organ trafficking and transplant tourism, indigenous medicine, biodiversity, commodification of human tissue, benefit sharing, bio-industry and food, malnutrition and hunger, human rights, and climate change. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10420 Dónal P. O’Mathúna • Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories Editors Dónal P. O’Mathúna Vilius Dranseika School of Nursing and Human Sciences Vilnius University Dublin City University Vilnius, Lithuania Dublin, Ireland College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio, USA Bert Gordijn Institute of Ethics Dublin City University Dublin, Ireland This publication is based upon work from COST Action IS1201, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks - www.cost.eu. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Impact Basins Revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior
    Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements Gregory Neumann, Maria Zuber, Mark Wieczorek, James Head, David Baker, Sean Solomon, David Smith, Frank Lemoine, Erwan Mazarico, Terence Sabaka, et al. To cite this version: Gregory Neumann, Maria Zuber, Mark Wieczorek, James Head, David Baker, et al.. Lunar im- pact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements. Science Advances , American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2015, 1 (9), pp.e1500852. 10.1126/sci- adv.1500852. hal-02458613 HAL Id: hal-02458613 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02458613 Submitted on 26 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESEARCH ARTICLE PLANETARY SCIENCE 2015 © The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. Distributed Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements 10.1126/sciadv.1500852 Gregory A. Neumann,1* Maria T. Zuber,2 Mark A. Wieczorek,3 James W. Head,4 David M. H. Baker,4 Sean C. Solomon,5,6 David E. Smith,2 Frank G.
    [Show full text]