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Summary of Plants Learned in This Lab BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 1 of 9 Summary of Plants learned in this lab: Family___________________Genus _______Species ACERACEAE Acer negundo APIACEAE Hydrocotyle umbellata ASTERACEAE Engelmannia peristenia CONVOLVULACEAE Dichondra carolinensis CUPRESSACEAE Taxodium distichum EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia roemeriana LAMIACEAE Salvia farinacea LAMIACEAE Salvia roemeriana MORACEAE Morus rubra POACEAE Buchloe dactyloides RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia chrysantha RUBIACEAE Sherardia arvensis SALICACEAE Salix nigra ULMACEAE Celtis laevigata (var. laevigata) ULMACEAE Ulmus americana Other interesting plants seen at St. Eds: ARECEAE Arisaema dracontium “Green Monster” SMILACACEAE Smilax tamnoides “Devil Greenbrier” SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon lanuginosum (obligate Dodo-bird relationship) BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 2 of 9 RANUNCULACEAE (Buttercup family) Aquilegia chrysantha Yellow Columbine Aqua=water legere=to collect; possibly referring to the water-collecting properties of the long spurs Chrys=gold The long petal spurs (containing nectar?) give the flowers a shooting-star appearance Distinctive leaf complexity and shape – 2 or 3 times palmately compound with segments rather fan-shaped _______________________________________________________________________________ LAMIACEAE (Mint family) Salvia farinacea Mealy Blue Sage Salvare=to save or heal, from healing properties farina=mealy, powdery, as in flour calyx and flower color distinct BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 3 of 9 ULMACEAE (Elm family) Celtis laevigata (var. laevigata) Sugar Hackberry Laevigata=smooth how does Celtis differ from Ulmus? (3 main veins, curved veins) some leaf bases are asymmetrical fruits mature to red color in the fall- very sweet and tasty! Hackberries often have galls _______________________________________________________________________________ POACEAE (Grass family) Buchloe dactyloides Buffalo Grass Bous= buffalo or cow chloë=grass dactyl=finger plants dioecious (occasionally monoecious) with male flowers taller and more evident. Stamens are peach-colored staminate spikelets usually 6-12 per branch, sessile and pectinately arranged good grass for xeriscaping – native and requiring only 12 inches of rain/year! BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 4 of 9 CONVOLVULACEAE (Morning Glory family) Dichondra carolinensis Pony-foot Convolvere=to entwine di=two chondros=grain (from deeply lobed fruit) trailing habit, with stems prostrate on the ground petioles? what leaf shape (kidney?) _______________________________________________________________________________ EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge/Poinsettia family) Euphorbia roemeriana Roemer’s Spurge Named for Euphorbus, a 1st century AD physician **endemic** inflorescence trichotomously branched leafy bracts subtending inflorescence appear fused unique Euphorb flower consists of a cyathium – a small cup-like involucre containing unisexual flowers – one pistillate (female) flower and several staminate (male) flowers In this species, the yellow cyathium has fleshy, petal-like glands along the rim – sometimes called a pseudanthium Euphorbia is a huge genus – over 2000 species. Poinsettia is also a Euphorbia species! Milky sap! BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 5 of 9 LAMIACEAE (Mint family) Salvia roemeriana Cedar Sage Associated with Edwards Plateau habitats – limestone, juniper woodlands pubescent foliage Leaf shape(s)? petiole color? Flower symmetry? ______________________________________________________________________________ ULMACEAE (Elm family) Ulmus americana American Elm leaves usually doubly-serrate samara fruit type – flattened with a side wing how does this Elm differ from Ulmus crassifolia? BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 6 of 9 MORACEAE (Mulberry or Fig family) Morus rubra Red Mulberry Rubra=red flowers unisexual, each in separate catkins common in stream bottoms leaf shape is variable, often with asymmetrical lobes milky sap! (Can cause dermatitis) _______________________________________________________________________________ ACERACEAE (Maple family) Acer negundo Box Elder Box Elder saplings can look remarkably like poison ivy – however there is an easy way to tell them apart – what is it? Unlike most other maples, this species has pinnately compound leaves – usually 3-5 leaflets *woody opposite* fall fruits are samaras – act like helicopters when dispersing BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 7 of 9 APIACEAE (Carrot family) Hydrocotyle umbellata Umbrella Water-Pennywort Hydro=water cotyle=cup umbellata=with umbels leaf shape/texture? Notice the petiole joins the leaf blade in the center – this is called peltate and is reminiscent of an umbrella Hydrocotyle is common in wet areas _______________________________________________________________________________ RUBIACEAE (Coffee family) Sherardia arvensis Sherard, Spurwort Arvensis=pertaining to cultivated fields flower color? Leaves in whorls of 4-6 per whorl How can you differentiate this species from Galium? BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 8 of 9 ASTERACEAE (Sunflower family) Engelmannia peristenia Cut-leaf Daisy George Engelmann – a botanist and physician from the 1800’s densely hispid-pubescent distinct pinnatifid foliage with white midrib _______________________________________________________________________________ SALICACEAE (Willow family) Salix nigra Black Willow leaf shape? Unisexual catkins Like cottonwoods in the same family, willows like to have their feet wet contains salicylic acid (precursor to aspirin) and Salix twigs have been widely chewed on for pain relief BIO 406D - Native Plants Spring 2005 Packet #10 – St. Edwards Park – April 12 and 13, 2005 Page 9 of 9 CUPRESSACEAE (Cypress/Redwood family) Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Distichum=in 2 ranks monoecious, deciduous trees that can get very large – there is a huge ~1400 year old Bald Cypress along Town Lake! Bald cypress leaves are arranged in short branches that resemble compound leaves Growing by water, bald cypresses often put up “knees” that are probably used for aeration in anaerobic swamps .
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