Phylogeny of the Coneflowers and Relatives (Heliantheae: Asteraceae) Based on Nuclear Rdna Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
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Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 550, Proc
Proceeding ICMA-SURE – 2020 The 3rd International Conference On Multidisciplinary Approaches For Sustainable Rural Development Distinguishing two morphologically similar species of Asteraceae using a chloroplast DNA marker A H Susanto*1 and M Dwiati1 1 Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia * Email: [email protected] Abstract. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn and Calyptocarpus vialis Less are members of Asteraceae family that morphologically show high similarities. To genetically distinguish between them, a particular molecular marker should be employed. This study aims to present molecular comparison between both species using a chloroplast DNA marker, i.e. atpB – rbcL IGS. A pair of PCR universal primers was used to amplify the marker. Sequence alignment on the PCR products reveals longer S. nodiflora sequence in comparison to that of C. vialis. In addition, some transversions and transitions are also observed. This suggests that the two species exhibit considerable genetic difference despite their similar phenotypic appearance. 1. Introduction Many members of Asteraceae family are recognized for their potentials as ornamental, medicinal, and economic plants[1]. On the other hand, some others are known as invasive weeds[2], resulting in significant loss on several crops with respect to productivity[3]. Some species of Asteraceae family show very high phenotypical similarities causing difficulty in differentiating them from each other. For example, Calyptocarpus vialis Less has ever been identified as Synedrella vialis (Less.) A. Gray due to its high resemblance to Synedrella nodiflora[4]. Nevertheless, S. vialis is now changed into C. vialis [5] and this is the scientifically accepted name for the species, while S. -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Revised February 24, 2017 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. -
A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 13, December 2013 A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE MARY K. OXLEY NATURE CENTER, TULSA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA Amy K. Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Robert Bebb Herbarium University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0575 (405) 325-4034 Email: [email protected] Keywords: flora, exotics, inventory ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. A total of 342 taxa from 75 families and 237 genera were collected from four main vegetation types. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the largest, with 49 and 42 taxa, respectively. Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17% of the total flora. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present. INTRODUCTION clayey sediment (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1977). Climate is Subtropical The objective of this study was to Humid, and summers are humid and warm inventory the vascular plants of the Mary K. with a mean July temperature of 27.5° C Oxley Nature Center (ONC) and to prepare (81.5° F). Winters are mild and short with a a list and voucher specimens for Oxley mean January temperature of 1.5° C personnel to use in education and outreach. (34.7° F) (Trewartha 1968). Mean annual Located within the 1,165.0 ha (2878 ac) precipitation is 106.5 cm (41.929 in), with Mohawk Park in northwestern Tulsa most occurring in the spring and fall County (ONC headquarters located at (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2013). -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Spilanthes Acmella and Its Medicinal Uses – a Review
Online - 2455-3891 Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018 Print - 0974-2441 Review Article SPILANTHES ACMELLA AND ITS MEDICINAL USES – A REVIEW YASODHA PURUSHOTHAMAN1, SILAMBARASAN GUNASEELAN1, SUDARSHANA DEEPA VIJAYAKUMAR2* 1Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Nano- Biotranslational Research Laboratory, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: sudarshanadeepav@ bitsathy.ac.in Received: 10 January 2018, Revised and Accepted: 05 March 2018 ABSTRACT In common plant life has been recognized to alleviate various diseases. Spilanthes acmella- a vital native medicinal plant is also found in subcontinent of the united states of America. A range of abstracts and active metabolites from different parts of this plant had been found to contain valuable pharmacological activities. Conventionally recognized as toothache plant, it was known to suppress the ailment allied with toothaches and also found to stimulate saliva secretion. On survey of literature, it has been projected that it has numerous drug-related actions, which comprises of antimicrobial, antipyretic, local anesthetic, bioinsecticide against insects of agricultural importance, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, vasorelaxant, anti-human immune deficit virus, toothache relief and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on the traditional claims against a range of diseases, researchers have classified and estimated plants for their bioactive compounds. However, researchers found it to be a difficult task for the extraction of bioactive constituents from these plants. Therefore, the scientific information about S. acmella could be obtained from this current review. Keywords: Spilanthes acmella, Toothache plant, Antifungal, Antipyretic, Local anesthetic, Bioinsecticide, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Vasorelaxant, Anti-inflammatory effects. © 2018 The Authors. -
Chapter 1 the California Flora
CHAPTER 1 THE CALIFORNIA FLORA The Californian Floristic Province California is a large state with a complex topography and a great diversity of climates and habitats,resulting in a very large assemblage of plant species that vary in size and include both the world’s largest trees and some of the smallest and most unique plant species. In order to create manageable units for plant investigations, botanists have divided the continental landform into geographic units called floristic provinces. These units reflect the wide variations in natural landscapes and assist botanists in predicting where a given plant might be found. Within the borders of California, there are three floristic provinces, each extending beyond the state’s political boundaries. The California Floristic Province includes the geographi- cal area that contains assemblages of plant species that are more or less characteristic of California and that are best de- veloped in the state.This province includes southwestern Ore- gon and northern Baja California but excludes certain areas of the southeastern California desert regions, as well as the area of the state that is east of the Sierra Nevada–Cascade Range axis (map 1).The flora of the desert areas and those east of the Sierra Nevada crest are best developed outside the state, and therefore, parts of the state of California are not in the Cali- fornia Floristic Province. The Great Basin Floristic Province includes some of the area east of the Sierra Nevada and some regions in the northeastern part of the state, although some botanists consider the latter area to belong to another distinct floristic province, the Columbia Plateau Floristic Province. -
Invasive Alien Plants an Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent
Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent EDITED BY I.R. BHATT, J.S. SINGH, S.P. SINGH, R.S. TRIPATHI AND R.K. KOHL! 019eas Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent FSC ...wesc.org MIX Paper from responsible sources `FSC C013604 CABI INVASIVE SPECIES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are affected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the effects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the field, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modelling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1.Invasive Alien Plants : An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, R.S. Tripathi, S.P. -
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY and the NATIONAL WETLANDS RESEARCH CENTER PROJECT REPORT FOR: GALVESTON BAY INTRODUCTION the U.S. Fi
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY AND THE NATIONAL WETLANDS RESEARCH CENTER PROJECT REPORT FOR: GALVESTON BAY INTRODUCTION The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory is producing maps showing the location and classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States by Cowardin et al. is the classification system used to define and classify wetlands. Upland classification will utilize the system put forth in., A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System For Use With Remote Sensor Data. by James R. Anderson, Ernest E. Hardy, John T. Roach, and Richard E. Witmer. Photo interpretation conventions, hydric soils-lists and wetland plants lists are also available to enhance the use and application of the classification system. The purpose of the report to users is threefold: (1) to provide localized information regarding the production of NWI maps, including field reconnaissance with a discussion of imagery and interpretation; (2) to provide a descriptive crosswalk from wetland codes on the map to common names and representative plant species; and (3) to explain local geography, climate, and wetland communities. II. FIELD RECONNAISSANCE Field reconnaissance of the work area is an integral part for the accurate interpretation of aerial photography. Photographic signatures are compared to the wetland's appearance in the field by observing vegetation, soil and topography. Thus information is weighted for seasonality and conditions existing at the time of photography and at ground truthing. Project Area The project area is located in the southeastern portion of Texas along the coast. Ground truthing covered specific quadrangles of each 1:100,000 including Houston NE, Houston SE, Houston NW, and Houston SW (See Appendix A, Locator Map). -
Texas Coast Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh
ECOLOGICAL MAPPING SYSTEMS OF TEXAS: TEXAS COAST SALT AND BRACKISH TIDAL MARSH TEXAS COAST SALT AND BRACKISH TIDAL MARSH Nature Serve ID: CES203.473 Geology: Recent alluvial and eolian deposits along the coast. Landform: Nearly level very gentle slopes, and flats influenced by tides. Soils: Coastal sands and various Salt Marsh Ecological Sites. Description: These marshes occupy relatively low-lying, coastal situations on level landforms influenced by tidal fluctuations. Some sites are only influenced by storm tides, or tides resulting from extreme wind events. The composition of these marshes is primarily influenced by the frequency and duration of tidal inundation. Salinity on some marshes, particularly in the south, is maintained by salt spray from prevailing southeasterly winds. Low marshes are regularly flooded and representative examples are dominated by Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Juncus roemerianus (blackrush), or Avicennia germinans (black mangrove). Significant areas of Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) become more frequent towards the south, while extensive areas of Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) become rare south of Corpus Christi Bay. Areas of decreased frequency and/or duration of tidal inundation are often referred to as high, or irregularly flooded, marsh. These marshes may be dominated by species such as Spartina patens (marshhay cordgrass), Distichlis spicata (saltgrass), Schoenoplectus robustus (sturdy bulrush), Schoenoplectus americanus (three-square bulrush), Sporobolus virginicus (seashore dropseed), Monanthochloe littoralis (shoregrass), and Spartina spartinae (Gulf cordgrass). Shrubs, subshrubs, and forbs, such as Batis maritima (saltwort), Borrichia frutescens (sea ox-eye daisy), Sesuvium portulacastrum (shoreline seapurslane), Salicornia spp. (glassworts), Suaeda linearis (annual seepweed), Limonium spp. (sea-lavenders), and Lycium carolinianum (Carolina wolfberry) are commonly encountered in these marshes. -
Common Plants at the UHCC
Flora Checklist Texas Institute for Coastal Prairie Research and Education University of Houston Donald Verser created this list by combining lists from studies by Grace and Siemann with the UHCC herbarium list Herbarium Collections Family Scientific Name Synonym Common Name Native Growth Accesion Dates Locality Comments Status Habit Numbers Acanthaceae Ruellia humilis fringeleaf wild petunia N forb 269 10/9/1973 Acanthaceae Ruellia nudiflora violet wild petunia N forb Agavaceae Manfreda virginica false aloe N forb Agavaceae Polianthes sp. polianthes ? forb 130 8/3/1971 2004 roadside Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans eastern poison ivy N woody/vine Apiaceae Centella erecta Centella asiatica erect centella N forb 36 4/11/2000 Area 2 Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace I forb 139-142 1971 / 72 No collections by Dr. Brown. Perhaps Apiaceae Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth's eryngo N forb 144 7/20/1971 wooded area in pipeline ROW E. hookeri instead? Apiaceae Eryngium yuccifolium button eryngo N forb 77,143,145 71, 72, 2000 Apiaceae Polytaenia texana Polytaenia nuttallii Texas prairie parsley N forb 32 6/6/2002 Apocynaceae Amsonia illustris Ozark bluestar N Forb 76 3/24/2000 Area 4 Apocynaceae Amsonia tabernaemontana eastern bluestar N Forb Aquifoliaceae Ilex vomitoria yaupon N woody Asclepiadaceae Asclepias lanceolata fewflower milkweed N Forb Not on Dr. Brown's list. Would be great record. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias longifolia longleaf milkweed N Forb 84 6/7/2000 Area 6 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed N Forb 35 6/7/2002 Area 7 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias viridis green antelopehorn N Forb 63, 92 1974 & 2000 Asteraceae Acmella oppositifolia var. -
Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII. -
Vascular Flora and Vegetation Classification of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone Forest Association of Central Georgia
VASCULAR FLORA AND VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN LIMESTONE FOREST ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL GEORGIA by PATRICK SUMNER LYNCH (Under the Direction of J.L. Hamrick) ABSTRACT The South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone forest is a globally imperiled (G2) forest association known only from the upper Coastal Plain of central Georgia. These calcareous forest communities support diverse floristic assemblages unique among the Georgia Coastal Plain, but have not been subject to detailed floristic study. I conducted a comprehensive floristic inventory, multivariate community analyses and floristic quality assessments to document composition, elucidate community structure and underlying physiographic regimes, and assess habitat integrity for seven sites in Houston, Bleckley and Twiggs counties. Community analyses revealed twelve community types within two floristically defined domains corresponding to uplands and slopes, and bottomlands, respectively, and governed largely by moisture content and degree of inclination. Floristic quality assessments revealed varying degrees of floristic quality and habitat integrity corresponding primarily to local physiography and disturbance history. Floristic inventory recovered 339 vascular plant taxa representing 218 genera in 98 families, including 17 rare Georgia species. INDEX WORDS: Limestone forest, community analysis, floristic inventory, floristic quality assessment, Georgia, Coastal Plain. VASCULAR FLORA AND VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN LIMESTONE FOREST ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL GEORGIA by PATRICK SUMNER LYNCH B.S., The University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2006 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2010 © 2012 Patrick Sumner Lynch All Rights Reserved VASCULAR FLORA AND VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN LIMESTONE FOREST ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL GEORGIA by PATRICK SUMNER LYNCH Major Professor: J.L.