Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants

T.K. Lim

Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants

Volume 4, Fruits ISBN 978-94-007-4052-5 ISBN 978-94-007-4053-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932982

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Acknowledgment

Special thanks to Malcolm Smith, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, and Prof. Andrew Beattie, University of Western Sydney for some photo credits.

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Disclaimer

The author and publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to confi rm the accuracy and completeness of the information presented herein and that the information is in accordance with the standard practices accepted at the time of publication. However, neither the author nor publishers warrant that information is in every aspect accurate and complete and they are not responsible for errors or omissions or for con- sequences from the application of the information in this work. This book is a work of reference and is not intended to supply nutritive or medical advice to any individual. The information contained in the notes on edibility, uses, nutritive values, medicinal attributes and medicinal uses and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers’ own actions.

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Contents

Introduction ...... 1

Fagaceae

Castanea sativa ...... 6 Quercus infectoria ...... 16

Grossulariaceae

Ribes nigrum ...... 27 Ribes rubrum ...... 43 Ribes uva-crispa ...... 51 Ribes x nidigrolaria ...... 56

Hypoxidaceae

Molineria latifolia ...... 59

Myrsinaceae

Ardisia crenata ...... 65 Ardisia elliptica ...... 72

Olacaceae

Scorodocarpus borneensis ...... 77

Oleaceae

Olea europaea ...... 82

Orchidaceae

Vanilla planifolia ...... 106

ix x Contents

Oxalidaceae

Sarcotheca diversifolia ...... 115

Pandanaceae

Pandanus conoideus ...... 117 Pandanus dubius ...... 124 Pandanus julianettii ...... 128 Pandanus leram ...... 131 Pandanus spiralis ...... 134 Pandanus tectorius ...... 136

Passi fl oraceae

Passi fl ora edulis ...... 147 Passi fl ora foetida ...... 166 Passi fl ora ligularis ...... 174 Passi fl ora miniata ...... 178 Passi fl ora quadrangularis ...... 181

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum indicum ...... 187

Phyllanthaceae

Antidesma bunius ...... 220 Baccaurea angulata ...... 225 Baccaurea dulcis ...... 228 Baccaurea edulis ...... 230 Baccaurea lanceolata ...... 232 Baccaurea macrocarpa ...... 236 Baccaurea motleyana ...... 239 Baccaurea racemosa ...... 243 Baccaurea rami fl ora ...... 248 Phyllanthus acidus ...... 252 Phyllanthus emblica ...... 258 Contents xi

Pinaceae

Pinus koraiensis ...... 297 Pinus pinea ...... 304

Piperaceae

Piper cubeba ...... 311 Piper nigrum ...... 322 Piper retrofractum ...... 351

Rosaceae

Amelanchier alnifolia ...... 358 Chaenomeles speciosa ...... 364 Cydonia oblonga...... 371 Eriobotrya japonica ...... 381 Fragaria x ananassa ...... 395 Malus spectabilis ...... 410 Malus x domestica ...... 413 Mespilus germanica ...... 437 Prunus armeniaca ...... 442 Prunus avium...... 451 Prunus domestica ...... 463 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia ...... 476 Prunus dulcis ...... 480 Prunus persica var. nucipersica ...... 492 Prunus persica var. persica ...... 498 Prunus salicina ...... 509 Pseudocydonia sinensis ...... 515 Pyrus bretschneideri ...... 523 Pyrus communis ...... 527 Pyrus pyrifolia ...... 535 Pyrus ussuriensis ...... 540 Rubus fruticosus aggr...... 544 Rubus idaeus ...... 555 xii Contents

Rubus occidentalis...... 570 Rubus ursinus x idaeus ‘Boysenberry’...... 581 Rubus x loganobaccus ...... 587 Sorbus domestica...... 590

Rutaceae

Aegle marmelos ...... 594 Citrus ‘Meyer’ ...... 619 Citrus amblycarpa ...... 623 Citrus australasica ...... 625 Citrus australis ...... 629 Citrus garrawayi ...... 631 Citrus hystrix ...... 634 Citrus inodora ...... 644 Citrus japonica ‘Marumi’ ...... 647 Citrus japonica ‘Meiwa’ ...... 651 Citrus japonica ‘Nagami’ ...... 654 Citrus japonica ‘Polyandra’ ...... 659 Citrus latifolia ...... 662 Citrus maxima ...... 667 Citrus medica ...... 682 Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis ...... 690 Citrus reticulata ...... 695 Citrus reticulata Satsuma Group ...... 721 Citrus reticulata ‘Shiranui’ ...... 732 Citrus wintersii ...... 739 Citrus x aurantiifolia ...... 742 Citrus x aurantium Grapefruit Group...... 755 Citrus x aurantium Sour Orange Group ...... 786 Citrus x aurantium Sweet Orange Group ...... 806 Citrus x aurantium Tangelo Group ...... 832 Citrus x aurantium Tangor Group ...... 837 Citrus x fl oridana ...... 843 Contents xiii

Citrus x taitensis ...... 846 Citrus x limon ...... 849 Citrus x microcarpa ...... 865 Clausena lansium ...... 871 Limonia acidissima ...... 884 Merrillia caloxylon ...... 890 Poncirus trifoliata...... 893 Triphasia trifolia ...... 900 Zanthoxylum simulans ...... 904

Medical Glossary ...... 912

Scienti fi c Glossary ...... 975

Common Name Index ...... 999

Scienti fi c Name Index ...... 1009