DOCSLIB.ORG

NREL Technical Report Cover

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NREL Technical Report Cover Cover and back images are courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Sidebar images are courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory and are reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society and Springer/Nature. Factual Document for the Basic Energy Sciences Basic Research Needs Workshop for Transformative Manufacturing Chair – Cynthia Jenks, Argonne National Laboratory Co-Chair – Ho Nyung Lee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Co-Chair – Jennifer Lewis, Harvard University Panos Datskos, National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Joe Cresko, Department of Energy; William Morrow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Greg Krumdick, Argonne National Laboratory with contributions from T. Kaarsberg (DOE) J. Spangenberger (Argonne) M. Klembara (DOE) M. Stan (Argonne) K. R. Kort (DOE) D. Singh (Argonne) G. J. Leong (DOE) V. Srinivasan (Argonne) T. Miller (DOE) M. Wang (Argonne) K. Peretti (DOE) M. Wu (Argonne) D. Berry (NREL) Y. Zhang (Argonne) A. Burrell (NREL) A. Naskar (ORNL) A. Carpenter (NREL) V. Kunc (ORNL) S. Hammond (NREL) T. Kurfess (ORNL) M. Ringer (NREL) N. Lavrik (ORNL) M. Ulsh (NREL) L. Love (ORNL) S. Seetharaman (NREL/CSM) S. U. Nimbalkar (ORNL) S. Chaudhuri (Argonne) V. Paquit (ORNL) J. Chen (Argonne) M. Theodore (ORNL) S. Darling (Argonne) S. Smith (ORNL) M. U. Demirtas (Argonne) C. Tsouris (ORNL) J. W. Elam (Argonne) J. Turner (ORNL) D. Graziano (Argonne) D. Wood (ORNL) A. Harris (Argonne) V. Battaglia (LBNL) N. Iloeje (Argonne) P. Rao (LBNL) T. Krause (Argonne) A. Weber (LBNL) J.Kopasz (Argonne) P. Randall Schunk (SNL) C. Negri (Argonne) J. Greenblatt (Emerging Future, LLC) K. Pupek (Argonne) Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms 2D two-dimensional 3D three-dimensional 5G fifth generation ACSM atomic or close-to-atomic scale manufacturing ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AEO Annual Energy Outlook AFM atomic force microscopy AHSS advanced high-strength steel AI/ML/DL artificial intelligence/machine learning/deep learning ALD atomic layer deposition ALE atomic layer etching AM additive manufacturing AMO DOE Advanced Manufacturing Office Argonne Argonne National Laboratory ANSI American National Standards Institute APS Advanced Photon Source BCE before common era Bgal/d billion gallons per day BPP bipolar plate BOF basic oxygen furnace Btu British thermal unit CaCO3 limestone CAD computer-assisted design CALPHAD CALculation of PHAse Diagrams CCS carbon capture and storage CF carbon fiber CFL compact fluorescent lighting CFRP carbon fiber–reinforced polymer CFTF Carbon Fiber Technology Facility CM critical materials CNC computer numerical control CO2 carbon dioxide CSE coal sourced electricity CSM Colorado School of Mines iv DL deep learning DOE US Department of Energy DPN dip pen nanolithography EBL electron beam lithography EES electrochemical energy storage EHS Environment, Health and Safety EIA US Energy Information Administration ELB electron beam lithography ESH environmental, safety, and health EU European Union EV electric vehicle FC fuel cell Fe iron FET field effect transistors FDP fossil resource depletion potential GDL gas diffusion layer GHG greenhouse gas Gt gigatons GWP global warming potential HDL hydrogen depassivation lithography HPC high-performance computing HTP human toxicity potential IACMI Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation IBC international building code ICEV internal combustion engine vehicle IR infrared IoT internet of things kHz kilohertz LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LCOE levelized cost of electricity LED light-emitting diodes Li lithium Li-ion lithium-ion LIB lithium-ion battery LiFePO4 lithium iron phosphate LiNCM lithium nickel cobalt manganese v MCMC Monte Carlo Markov Chain MDF Manufacturing Demonstration Facility MDP mineral resource depletion potential MEA membrane electrode assembly ML machine learning MLD molecular layer deposition MT metric ton NDE nondestructive evaluation NdFeB neodymium-iron-boron NFPA National Fire Protection Association NG natural gas sourced electricity NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory OLED organic light-emitting diode ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAN polyacrylonitrile PCM phase change material PEMFC polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell PFE printed flexible electronics PGM platinum-group metal PI process intensification PM particulate matter Pt platinum PV photovoltaic quad quadrillion R&D research and development R2R roll-to-roll Re-X reduce, reuse, remanufacture, and recycle REE rare-earth elements RFID radio frequency identification antenna SAXS small-angle x-ray scattering SB scanning beam SCM supplementary cementitious material SDS safety data sheet Si silicon vi SI system integration SNL Sandia National Laboratories SP scanning probe SSB solid-state battery STM scanning tunneling microscopy US United States WHP waste heat-to-power WHR waste-heat recovery X-T-P composition, temperature, and pressure vii Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... x List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... xi 1 Manufacturing Background and Overview ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Role of Manufacturing in the US Economy .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Energy and Environmental Impact of Manufacturing ............................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Intensity Metrics and Definitions ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Energy Use and Intensity .............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Material Use and Intensity .......................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 Environmental Emissions and Intensity ..................................................................................... 14 1.3.5 Water Use and Intensity .............................................................................................................. 15 2 Advanced Manufacturing State of the Art .................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Digital Manufacturing .............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.1 Cloud/Fog/Edge Capabilities and Utilization ............................................................................. 19 2.1.2 Data Structure and Architecture Needs....................................................................................... 20 2.1.3 Infrastructure Requirements ....................................................................................................... 21 2.1.4 Cybersecurity .............................................................................................................................. 22 2.1.5 Digital Twin/Data Analytics/Advanced Modeling ..................................................................... 22 2.1.6 Low-Cost and Smart Sensor Development ................................................................................. 22 2.1.7 Industry 4.0 ................................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.8 Relevance of Industry 4.0 to DOE’s Mission ............................................................................. 24 2.2 Example Manufacturing Processes and Use Cases .................................................................................. 25 2.2.1 Additive Manufacturing .............................................................................................................. 25 2.2.2 Chemical Manufacturing/PI/Decentralization ............................................................................ 26 2.2.3 Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing ........................................................................................................ 29 2.2.4 Composite Materials Manufacturing .......................................................................................... 36 2.2.5 Energy Storage Manufacturing ................................................................................................... 48 2.2.6 Metal Processing and Manufacturing ......................................................................................... 57 2.2.7 Cement Production ..................................................................................................................... 59 2.2.8 Atomically Precise Manufacturing ............................................................................................. 65 3 Resilient and Sustainable Manufacturing ..................................................................................................... 70 3.1 Integrated Manufacturing Processes .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cenovus Reports Second-Quarter 2020 Results Company Captures Value by Leveraging Flexibility of Its Operations Calgary, Alberta (July 23, 2020) – Cenovus Energy Inc
    Cenovus reports second-quarter 2020 results Company captures value by leveraging flexibility of its operations Calgary, Alberta (July 23, 2020) – Cenovus Energy Inc. (TSX: CVE) (NYSE: CVE) remained focused on financial resilience in the second quarter of 2020 and used the flexibility of its assets and marketing strategy to adapt quickly to the changing external environment. This positioned the company to weather the sharp decline in benchmark crude oil prices in April by reducing volumes at its oil sands operations and storing the mobilized oil in its reservoirs for production in an improved price environment. While Cenovus’s financial results were impacted by the weak prices early in the quarter, the company captured value by quickly ramping up production when Western Canadian Select (WCS) prices increased almost tenfold from April to an average of C$46.03 per barrel (bbl) in June. As a result of this decision, Cenovus reached record volumes at its Christina Lake oil sands project in June and achieved free funds flow for the month of more than $290 million. “We view the second quarter as a period of transition, with April as the low point of the downturn and the first signs of recovery taking hold in May and June,” said Alex Pourbaix, Cenovus President & Chief Executive Officer. “That said, we expect the commodity price environment to remain volatile for some time. We believe the flexibility of our assets and our low cost structure position us to withstand a continued period of low prices if necessary. And we’re ready to play a significant
    [Show full text]
  • High-Strength Aluminum P/M Alloys
    ASM Handbook, Volume 2: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials Copyright © 1990 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 200-215 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001064 www.asminternational.org High-Strength Aluminum P/M Alloys J.R. Pickens, Martin Marietta Laboratories POWDER METALLURGY (P/M) tech- one of the dominant structural material fam- of particular concern to designers of aircraft nology provides a useful means of fabricating ilies of the 20th century. Aluminum has low and aerospace structures, where high ser- net-shape components that enables machin- density (2.71 g/cm 3) compared with compet- vice temperatures preclude the use of alu- ing to be minimized, thereby reducing costs. itive metallic alloy systems, good inherent minum alloys for certain structural compo- Aluminum P/M alloys can therefore compete corrosion resistance because of the contin- nents. with conventional aluminum casting alloys, uous, protective oxide film that forms very The number of alloying elements that as well as with other materials, for cost- quickly in air, and good workability that have extensive solid solubility in aluminum critical applications. In addition, P/M technol- enables aluminum and its alloys to be eco- is relatively low. Consequently, there are ogy can be used to refine microstructures nomically rolled, extruded, or forged into not many precipitation-hardenable alumi- compared with those made by conventional useful shapes. Major alloying additions to num alloy systems that are practical by ingot metallurgy (I/M), which often results in aluminum such as copper, magnesium, conventional I/M. This can be viewed as a improved mechanical and corrosion proper- zinc, and lithium--alone, or in various limitation when alloy developers endeavor ties.
    [Show full text]
  • New Book on Irving Oil Explores Business
    New book on Irving Oil explores business Miramichi Leader (Print Edition)·Nathalie Sturgeon CA|September 25, 2020·08:00am Section: B·Page: B6 SAINT JOHN • New Brunswick scholar and author Donald J. Savoie has published a new book exploring the origins of the Irving Oil empire. Savoie, who is the Canada Research Chair in Public Administration and Governance at the Université de Moncton, has released Thanks for the Business: Arthur L. Irving, K.C. Irving and the Story of Irving Oil. It’s look at entrepreneurship through the story of this prominent Maritime business family. “New Brunswickers, and Maritimers more generally, should applaud business success,” said Savoie, who describes himself as a friend of Arthur Irving. “We haven’t had a strong record of applauding business success. I think K.C. Irving, Arthur Irving, and Irving Oil speak to business success.” Irving Oil is the David in a David and Goliath story of major oil refineries in the world, Savoie noted, adding it provides a valuable economic contribution to the province as a whole, having laid the in-roads within New Brunswick into a multi-country oil business. He wanted his book to serve as a reminder of that. In a statement, Candice MacLean, a spokeswoman for Irving Oil, said company employees are proud to read the story of K.C. Irving, the company’s founder, and Arthur Irving, the company’s current chairman. “(Arthur’s) passion and love for the business inspires all of us every day,” MacLean said. “Mr Savoie’s Thanks for the Business captures the story of the Irving Oil that we are proud to be a part of.” In his new book, Savoie, who has won the Donner Prize for public policy writing, details Irving Oil’s “success born in Bouctouche and grown from Saint John, New Brunswick.” The company now operates Canada’s largest refinery, along with more than 900 gas stations spanning eastern Canada and New England, according to Savoie.
    [Show full text]
  • An Effects-Based Assessment of the Health of Fish in a Small Estuarine Stream Receiving Effluent from an Oil Refinery
    An effects-based assessment of the health of fish in a small estuarine stream receiving effluent from an oil refinery by Geneviève Vallières B.Sc. Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science In the Graduate Academic Unit of Biology Supervisors: Kelly Munkittrick, Ph.D. Department of Biology Deborah MacLatchy, PhD. Department of Biology Examining Board: Kenneth Sollows, Ph.D., Department of Engineering, Chair Simon Courtenay, Ph. D. Department of Biology External Examiner: Kenneth Sollows, Ph.D., Department of Engineering This thesis is accepted by the Dean of Graduate studies. THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK May, 2005 © Geneviève Vallières, 2005 ABSTRACT A large oil refinery discharges its effluent into Little River, a small estuarine stream entering Saint John Harbour. An effects-based approach was used to assess the potential effects of the oil refinery effluent on fish and fish habitat. The study included a fish community survey, a sentinel species survey, a fish caging experiment, and a water quality survey. The study showed that the fish community and the sentinel species, the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), were impacted in the stream receiving the oil refinery effluent. Lower abundance and species richness were found downstream of the effluent discharge whereas increased liversomatic index and MFO (females only) were measured in fish collected in Little River. Water quality surveys demonstrated that the receiving environment is subjected to extended periods of low dissolved oxygen levels downstream of the effluent discharge. The anoxic periods correlated with the discharge of ballast water through the waste treatment system.
    [Show full text]
  • Print Definitions
    Publishing & Distribution DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES Print Definitions Accordion fold: To fold into Bond Paper: Variety of paper pleats resembling the bellows usually with high cotton fiber of an accordion: to make a fan content. by accordion-folding a sheet Break for color: Also known of paper. as color break or color Against the grain: The separation. Separate the parts arrangement, direction, or to be printed in different pattern of the fibrous tissue in colors. wood/paper. Brightness: The attribute of Alteration: A change; light-source colors by which modification or adjustment. emitted light is ordered Banding: A thin strip of flexible continuously from light to dark material used to encircle and in correlation with its intensity. bind one object or to hold a The brilliance or reflectance of number of objects together. paper. Bind: To fasten or secure. Carbonless: Pressure sensitive writing paper that does not Bindery: A place where books use carbon; paper that makes are bound or printed materials multiple copies without are finished. intervening layers. Bleed: To permit (printed Camera-ready copy: Print illustrations or ornamentation) ready art, hard copy paper to run off the page or sheet. originals. Blind embossing: To emboss Cast coated: Coated paper or impress (the cover or spine with a high gloss reflective of a book) without using ink or finish. foil. A-Cam | Page 1 Coated paper: Clay coated Cover paper: A heavy printing printing paper with a smooth paper used to cover books. finish. Crash number: Numbering Coil Binding: A method of paper by pressing an image binding books by threading on the first sheet which is wire or plastic coils into transferred to all parts of the punched holes.
    [Show full text]
  • A3 Paper Size: ISO Paper Size 297 X 420Mm Used for Small Poster Or Small News Paper
    A3 Paper size: ISO paper size 297 x 420mm used for small poster or small news paper. A4 Paper size: ISO paper size 210 x 297mm used for Letterhead. Accordion fold: Bindery term, two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion. Acetate: a transparent sheet placed over artwork allowing the artist to write instructions or indicate where second colour is to be placed. Acid Resist: An acid-proof protective coating applied to metal plates prior to etching. Against the grain: At right angles to direction of paper grain. Alteration: Change in copy of specifications after production has begun. Aqueous Coating: Coating in a water base and applied like ink by a printing press to protect and enhance the printing underneath. Artboard: Alternate term for mechanical art. Ascender: any part of a lower case letter extending above the x-height. For example, the upper half of the vertical in the letters b or h. Authors corrections: changes made to the copy by the author after typesetting but not including those made as a result of errors in keying in the copy. Back up: Printing the second side of a sheet already printed on one side. Backslant: Letters that slant the opposite way from italic characters. Banding: Method of packaging printed pieces of paper using rubber or paper bands. Basis weight: Weight in pounds of a ream of paper cut to the basic size for its grade. Bind: To fasten sheets or signatures with wire, thread, glue. or by other means. Bindery: The finishing department of a print shop or firm specializing in finishing printed products.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD First Edition 2015-Mm-Dd
    DUS DEAS 857 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD First Edition 2015-mm-dd Specification for carbon paper STANDARD UGANDA DRAFT Reference number DUS DEAS 857: 2015 © UNBS 2015 DUS DEAS 857:2015 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application STANDARD UGANDA © UNBS 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronicDRAFT or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from UNBS. Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to The Executive Director Uganda National Bureau of Standards P.O. Box 6329 Kampala Uganda Tel: 256 41 505 995 Fax: 256 41 286 123 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.unbs.go.ug ii © UNBS 2015 - All rights reserved DUS DEAS 857:2015 National foreword Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co- ordinate the elaboration of standards and is (a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and (b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and (c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.
    [Show full text]
  • The Institutional Challenges of Cyberinfrastructure and E-Research
    E-Research and E-Scholarship The Institutional Challenges Cyberinfrastructureof and E-Research cholarly practices across an astoundingly wide range of dis- ciplines have become profoundly and irrevocably changed By Clifford Lynch by the application of advanced information technology. This collection of new and emergent scholarly practices was first widely recognized in the science and engineering disciplines. In the late 1990s, the term e-science (or occasionally, particularly in Asia, cyber-science) began to be used as a shorthand for these new methods and approaches. The United Kingdom launched Sits formal e-science program in 2001.1 In the United States, a multi-year inquiry, having its roots in supercomputing support for the portfolio of science and engineering disciplines funded by the National Science Foundation, culminated in the production of the “Atkins Report” in 2003, though there was considerable delay before NSF began to act program- matically on the report.2 The quantitative social sciences—which are largely part of NSF’s funding purview and which have long traditions of data curation and sharing, as well as the use of high-end statistical com- putation—received more detailed examination in a 2005 NSF report.3 Key leaders in the humanities and qualitative social sciences recognized that IT-driven innovation in those disciplines was also well advanced, though less uniformly adopted (and indeed sometimes controversial). In fact, the humanities continue to showcase some of the most creative and transformative examples of the use of information technology to create new scholarship.4 Based on this recognition of the immense disciplinary scope of the impact of information technology, the more inclusive term e-research (occasionally, e-scholarship) has come into common use, at least in North America and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNEX III Restricted Nuclear Goods, Commodities, and Technologies
    ANNEX III* Restricted Nuclear Goods, Commodities, and Technologies Pursuant to paragraph 5 (b) of resolution 2087 (2013), the items contained in this document are subject to the provisions of paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) under the DPRK sanctions regime; and pursuant to resolution 1929 (2010) under the Iran sanctions regime (corresponding with document INFCIRC/254/Rev.11/Part1‐1) * Annex III to Enrico Carisch and Loraine Rickard-Martin, “United Nations Sanctions on Iran and North Korea: An Implementation Manual,” New York: International Peace Institute. March 2014. UN Sanctions on Iran and North Korea SPECIAL FISSIONABLE MATERIAL INFCIRC/254/Rev.11/Part1 ANNEX B Plutonium-239 For plutonium to reach this state it has to be processed from U-238. Plutonium in this form has gone through a nuclear reactor. Varies based on level of enrichment and portion of Pu-240 inherent in the metal. ~5 kg of very pure Pu- 239 is enough for a strategic nuclear weapon. This metal is extremely heavy per unit of volume. This is a radioactive isotope of plutonium; it generally will be transported in ways to minimize radioactive exposure—lead-lined containers, etc. Uranium-233 Made from thorium-232. It has never been used to generate power or in nuclear weapons, but it has been used in research reactors. Production costs alone have been estimated at 2–4 million per kilogram during the Cold War. This metal is extremely heavy per unit of volume. This is a radioactive isotope of uranium; it generally will be transported in ways to minimize radioactive exposure—lead-lined containers, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exciting History of Carbon Paper!
    The Exciting History of Carbon Paper! What Is It? Carbon paper is thin paper coated with a mixture of wax and pigment, that is used between two sheets of ordinary paper to make one or more copies of an original document. When Was It Invented And Why? The exact origin of carbon paper is somewhat uncertain. The first documented use of the term "carbonated paper" was in 1806, when an Englishman, named Ralph Wedgwood, issued a patent for his "Stylographic Writer." However, Pellegrino Turri had invented a typewriting machine in Italy by at least 1808, and since "black paper" was essential for the operation of his machine, he must have perfected his form of carbon paper at virtually the same time as Wedgwood, if not before (Adler, 1973). Interestingly, both men invented their "carbon paper" as a means to an end; they were both trying to help blind people write through the use of a machine, and the "black paper" was really just a substitute for ink. In its original form Wedgwood's "Stylographic Writer" was intended to help the blind write through the use of a metal stylus instead of a quill. A piece of paper soaked in printer's ink and dried, was then placed between two sheets of writing paper in order to transfer a copy onto the bottom sheet. Horizontal metal wires on the writing-board acted as feeler-guides for the stylus and presumably helped the blind to write. [Although invented in 1803, the steel pen only became common around the middle of the nineteenth century; the quill was still in use at the end of the century, and remained the symbol of the handwriting age.
    [Show full text]
  • Recyclingecycling
    YOUR COMMUNITY. YOUR ENVIRONMENT. RRecyclingecycling YOUR CHOICE. www.chulavistaca.gov/clean Funded by a grant from the California Department of Conservation, Division of Recycling ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISION Public Works Department 1800 Maxwell Road,Chula Vista, CA 91911 (619) 691-5122 Printed on 30% post-consumer content paper. ATAT WORKWORK Be a part of the solution! WHY RECYCLE?Some facts... We can all do our part to help our environment with the right tools and a little practice! Recycling is easier than ever----and we hope As more people become aware of our environment and what’s happening you’ll look at “trash” in a whole new way! around us, it’s important to let them know the facts---and how every little bit can help. We can make a difference. Let’s get started! •Each worker generates 5 pounds of office-related waste each day. •Recycling one ton of paper will save approcimately 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Important things to know about: •Every ton of paper recycled saves 17 trees. RECYCLING •It takes 64% less energy to make paper products from recycled paper. •Using recycled paper to manufacture new paper produces about 50% less air and water pollution. No more sorting recyclables! •Recycling one ton of office paper keeps 7,000 gallons of water out of the 1 Paper, cans, bottles, plastics and other recyclable papermaking process. items don’t need to get sorted! Simply put them all in your recycle bin, cart, or container. •It takes 95% less energy to make aluminum products from recycled aluminum.
    [Show full text]
  • The Energy Sector an Investment in the People and Communities of Atlantic Canada
    The Energy Sector An Investment in the People and Communities of Atlantic Canada January 2008 The Energy Sector An Investment in the People North America needs energy and Canada, and Communities of Atlantic the United States and Mexico want to find it closer to home. These twin needs of Canada increasing demand and increased security have created a unique opportunity for On the doorstep of a growing Atlantic Canada that could drive job market 2 creation, community development and Distance between Atlantic Canada’s investment in the region well into the next major centres and the ports decade and beyond. of Boston and New York (chart) 3 Oil, natural gas and electricity; Atlantic Atlantic Canada’s energy mix 3 Canada develops and delivers all three major forms of energy for its own communities Projects and players in Atlantic and for export around the continent to be Canada’s energy sector 5 used as heat, fuel and power in homes and New Brunswick 5 businesses. Over the last few decades, the Nova Scotia 6 Atlantic Canadian energy industry has laid Newfoundland and Labrador 8 the foundation for what has become one of Prince Edward Island 9 the most significant sectors in the regional economy, and, increasingly, one of the most Exporting energy resources; diverse with its mix of traditional thermal importing human resources 10 and hydroelectric generation with newer technology such as nuclear, wind, bioenergy and tidal. Matching people and skill sets 12 Occupations that will be required by the Atlantic Canadian On the doorstep of a growing energy sector over the next decade market (chart) 12 Energy accounts for just over half of all exports from Atlantic Canada and it now Engaging in all aspects of stands poised to significantly increase its community life 13 reach.
    [Show full text]