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79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' A Kankesanturai Point Pedro I Karaitivu I. Jaffna D Peninsula N Kayts Jaffna SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja ffn Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. a L Provincial capital ago 9o 30' on 9o 30' Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Vellankulam Ferry Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da Airport m's Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon 9o 00' Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya o A od o 8 30' r 8 30' u a K vi y Karaitivu I. A Hamillewa O ru n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Ka m la O a ya l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a Oya M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a Reservoir G Chilaw i Maha Oya l 7o 30' Kurunegala e o w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a Kalmunai CENTRAL M Kehelula Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana a Randenigale Amparai Oy Maha Reservoir ya Negombo Kegalla l O Ga Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela 7o 00' a Nuwara Badulla 7o 00' ng Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte UVA Pottuvil Mount Lavinia Moratuwa Monaragala WESTERN Haputale Laccadive Sea Horana Buttala Ganga Ratnapura Panadura alu K Balangoda K i Okanda a r i Kalutara g n n SABARAGAMUWA d a i Pelmadulla G O e Telulla y Kumana o a o 6 30' w 6 30' Beruwala Matugama a l a Rakwana W Kataragama SRI LANKA Embilipitiya Deniyaya Tissamaharama Ambalangoda Kirinda INDIAN Udugama SOUTHERN OCEAN Akuressa Hambontota Tangalla o 6T 00'he boundaries and names shown and the designations Galle Matara 0 20 40 60 80 km6o 00' used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 0 10 20 30 40 o 50 mi 79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' Dondra Head 81o 00' 81o 30' 82 00' Map No. 4172 Rev. 2 UNITED NATIONS Department of Peacekeeping Operations January 2007 (Colour) Cartographic Section.

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Downloaded from the ACCORD As the “Saviours”, and Darfurians Negatively As Only Just the “Survivors”
CONTENTS EDITORIAL 2 by Vasu Gounden FEATURES 3 Paramilitary Groups and National Security: A Comparison Between Colombia and Sudan by Jerónimo Delgådo Caicedo 13 The Path to Economic and Political Emancipation in Sri Lanka by Muttukrishna Sarvananthan 23 Symbiosis of Peace and Development in Kashmir: An Imperative for Conflict Transformation by Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra 31 Conflict Induced Displacement: The Pandits of Kashmir by Seema Shekhawat 38 United Nations Presence in Haiti: Challenges of a Multidimensional Peacekeeping Mission by Eduarda Hamann 46 Resurgent Gorkhaland: Ethnic Identity and Autonomy by Anupma Kaushik BOOK 55 Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, Politics and the REVIEW War on Terror by Karanja Mbugua This special issue of Conflict Trends has sought to provide a platform for perspectives from the developing South. The idea emanates from ACCORD's mission to promote dialogue for the purpose of resolving conflicts and building peace. By introducing a few new contributors from Asia and Latin America, the editorial team endeavoured to foster a wider conversation on the way that conflict is evolving globally and to encourage dialogue among practitioners and academics beyond Africa. The contributions featured in this issue record unique, as well as common experiences, in conflict and conflict resolution. Finally, ACCORD would like to acknowledge the University of Uppsala's Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR). Some of the contributors to this special issue are former participants in the department's Top-Level Seminars on Peace and Security, a Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) advanced international training programme. conflict trends I 1 EDITORIAL BY VASU GOUNDEN In the autumn of November 1989, a German continually construct walls in the name of security; colleague in Washington DC invited several of us walls that further divide us from each other so that we to an impromptu celebration to mark the collapse have even less opportunity to know, understand and of Germany’s Berlin Wall.
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General Features and Fisheries Potential of Palk Bay, Palk Strait and Its Environs
J. Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2005 33(4): 225-232 FEATURE ARTICLE GENERAL FEATURES AND FISHERIES POTENTIAL OF PALK BAY, PALK STRAIT AND ITS ENVIRONS S. SIVALINGAM* 18, Pamankade Lane, Colombo 6. Abstract: The issue of possible social and environmental serving in the former Department of Fisheries, impacts of the shipping canal proposed for the Palk Bay and Colombo (now Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Palk Strait area is a much debated topic. Therefore it is Resources) and also recently when consultation necessary to explore the general features of the said area to assess such impacts when formulating the development and assignments were done in these areas. Other management programmes relevant to the area. This paper available data have also been brought together discussed the general features of the area, its environmental and a comprehensive picture of the general and ecological condition and the fisheries potential in detail features and fisheries potential of the areas so as to give some insight to the reader on this important under study is presented below. topic. This article is based on the data collected from earlier field visits and other published information relevant to the subject. GENERAL FEATURES INTRODUCTION Palk Bay and Palk Strait together (also called Sethusamudram), consist of an area of about Considerable interest has been created in the 17,000km2. This is an almost enclosed shallow water Palk Bay, Palk Strait and its environs recently as body that separates Sri Lanka from the a result of the Indian project to construct a mainland India and opens on the east into the shipping canal to connect Gulf of Mannar BOB ( Figure 1 ).
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Smart Border Management: Indian Coastal and Maritime Security
Contents Foreword p2/ Preface p3/ Overview p4/ Current initiatives p12/ Challenges and way forward p25/ International examples p28/Sources p32/ Glossary p36/ FICCI Security Department p38 Smart border management: Indian coastal and maritime security September 2017 www.pwc.in Dr Sanjaya Baru Secretary General Foreword 1 FICCI India’s long coastline presents a variety of security challenges including illegal landing of arms and explosives at isolated spots on the coast, infiltration/ex-filtration of anti-national elements, use of the sea and off shore islands for criminal activities, and smuggling of consumer and intermediate goods through sea routes. Absence of physical barriers on the coast and presence of vital industrial and defence installations near the coast also enhance the vulnerability of the coasts to illegal cross-border activities. In addition, the Indian Ocean Region is of strategic importance to India’s security. A substantial part of India’s external trade and energy supplies pass through this region. The security of India’s island territories, in particular, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, remains an important priority. Drug trafficking, sea-piracy and other clandestine activities such as gun running are emerging as new challenges to security management in the Indian Ocean region. FICCI believes that industry has the technological capability to implement border management solutions. The government could consider exploring integrated solutions provided by industry for strengthening coastal security of the country. The FICCI-PwC report on ‘Smart border management: Indian coastal and maritime security’ highlights the initiatives being taken by the Central and state governments to strengthen coastal security measures in the country.
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CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
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INP - 10 ROGR D A Y P H H I L C A O N F O F I I C T A E N INDIAN I N DIA Nautical Publications CATALOGUE OF INDIAN PAPER CHARTS ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS Published by National Hydrographic Office, Dehradun Edition - 2021 INP 10 ROGR D A Y P H H I L C A O N F O F I I C T A E N I N DIA CATALOGUE OF PAPER CHARTS, ELECTRONICS NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE DEHRADUN INDIA Jan 2021 CONTENTS INDEX PAGE Indian Ocean (Small Scale Charts) 1-2 Pakistan and West Coast of India (Sir Creek to Diu Head) 3-4 West Coast of India (Diu Head to Betul) 5-6 West Coast of India (Betul to Quilon and Lakshadweep) 7-8 South Coast of India and Sri Lanka 9-10 East Coast of India 11-12 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 13-14 Maldives, Mauritius and Seychelles Groups 15-16 Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique 17-18 Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Malacca Strait 19-20 Folios of IN Charts & Prices of Indian Hydrographic Charts and 21-22 Publications INDIAN OCEAN (SMALL SCALE CHARTS) Chart No. INT No. Chart Title Scale 1: Date of ENC Publication/ Released New Edition 21 Muscat to Mumbai 1 500000 1 5-A pr-201 8 Yes 22 752 Mumbai to Cape Comorin 1 500000 3 1 - J u l - 2 0 1 9 Yes 31 756 Bay of Bengal - Northern Portion (Krishnapatnam 1 500000 1 5-A pr-201 7 No to Bassein River) 32 754 Kochi (Cochin) to Visakhapatnam 1 500000 3 1 - J u l - 2 0 1 9 Yes 33 755 Bay of Bengal - Southern Portion 1 500000 31 -M ay-201 6 Yes 41 757 Andaman Sea 1 500000 1 5-D ec-201 0 Yes 7070 70 Indian Ocean Southern Part 10000000 1 5-M ar-201 9 No
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The Palk Bay Dispute - Trawling, Livelihoods and Opportunities for Resolution Sitara Srinivas
11.19 THE PALK BAY DISPUTE - TRAWLING, LIVELIHOODS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESOLUTION SITARA SRINIVAS DISCUSSION PAPER | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 1 2. CONTEXTUALISING THE DISPUTE 1 3. THE PRACTICE OF TRAWLING 3 4. PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS AT RESOLVING THE ISSUE 5 5. POSSIBLE PATHS TO RESOLUTION 6 6. CONCLUSION 7 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 8 All photos by the author. If you have any suggestions, or would like to contribute, please write to us at [email protected]. © Social and Political Research FoundationTM THE PALK BAY DISPUTE - TRAWLING, LIVELIHOODS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESOLUTION 1 Fishermen at Chennai’s Marina Beach rest after bringing in the morning’s catch. | ABSTRACT For centuries, Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen have fished in the waters of the Palk Bay – a waterway that connects both countries. However, this space has become a subject of contention due to multiple factors, including territorial issues over the island of Kachchatheevu, the intrusion of Indian fishermen into Sri Lankan waters and trawling. This paper attempts to engage with the traditional ideas of ownership over the Palk Bay, and the modern international treaties that govern nation-states, in the context of the country’s economic dependence on seafood and the environmental implications of trawling. | CONTEXTUALISING THE DISPUTE Fishing contributes to 1% of India’s overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 5% to India’s agricultural GDP (Press Information Bureau 2019). Around 20% of all marine fisherfolk are from Tamil Nadu; that is a total fisherfolk population of 8,12,912 (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2010). The Palk Bay is home to 580 species of fish, 302 species of marine algae, 11 seagrass species, 5 marine turtle species as well as several species of mangroves (Salagramma 2014:7; Purohit 2017).
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National Institute of Oceanography Goa-India
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY GOA-INDIA 1978 ANNUAL REPORT 14 1978 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY ( Council of Scientific &. Industrial Research ) DONA PAULA - 403 004 GOA, INDIA CONTENTS Page No 1. General Introduction 1 2. Research Activities 2.0 Oceanographic Cruises of R.V. Gaveshani 2 2..1 Physical Oceanography 8 2.2 Chemical Oceanography 15 2.3 Geological Oceanography 22 2.4 Biological Oceanography 26 2.5 Ocean Engineering 36 2.6 Oceanographic Instrumentation 38 2.7 Planning, Publications, Information and Data 41 2.8 Interdisciplinary Task Forces 45 2.9 Sponsored Projects 50 2.10 International Projects 56 3. Technical Services 57 4. Administrative Set-up 4.1 Cruise Planning and Programme Priorities Committee for R.V. Gaveshani 60 4.2 Executive Committee 62 4.3 Scientific Advisory Committee 62 4.4 Budget 64 4.5 Scientific and Technical Staff 64 5. Awards, honours and membership of various committees 73 6. Deputations 76 7. Meetings, exhibitions, seminars, symposia, talks and special lectures 77 8. Colloquia 80 9. Radio talks 82 10. Distinguished visitors 10.1 Visit of the Prime Minister of India 10.2 Visit of the Minister of Shipping and Transport 83 10.3 Visit of other VIP's and Scientists 11. Publications 11.1 Publications of the Institute 87 11.2 Papers published 87 11..3 Popular articles and books published 93 11.4 Reports published 94 1 General Introduction In 1978, emphasis on the utilization of technology available at the Institute by the user community was continued. The Institute's research and development programmes included 23 projects, of which 6 were star- ted during this year.
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Other Processes Regulating Ecosystem Productivity and Fish Production in the Western Indian Ocean Andrew Bakun, Claude Ray, and Salvador Lluch-Cota
CoaStalUpwellinO' and Other Processes Regulating Ecosystem Productivity and Fish Production in the Western Indian Ocean Andrew Bakun, Claude Ray, and Salvador Lluch-Cota Abstract /1 Theseasonal intensity of wind-induced coastal upwelling in the western Indian Ocean is investigated. The upwelling off Northeast Somalia stands out as the dominant upwelling feature in the region, producing by far the strongest seasonal upwelling pulse that exists as a; regular feature in any ocean on our planet. It is surmised that the productive pelagic fish habitat off Southwest India may owe its particularly favorable attributes to coastal trapped wave propagation originating in a region of very strong wind-driven offshore trans port near the southern extremity of the Indian Subcontinent. Effects of relatively mild austral summer upwelling that occurs in certain coastal ecosystems of the southern hemi sphere may be suppressed by the effects of intense onshore transport impacting these areas during the opposite (SW Monsoon) period. An explanation for the extreme paucity of fish landings, as well as for the unusually high production of oceanic (tuna) fisheries relative to coastal fisheries, is sought in the extremely dissipative nature of the physical systems of the region. In this respect, it appears that the Gulf of Aden and some areas within the Mozambique Channel could act as important retention areas and sources of i "see6stock" for maintenance of the function and dillersitv of the lamer reoional biolooical , !I ecosystems. 103 104 large Marine EcosySlIlms ofthe Indian Ocean - . Introduction The western Indian Ocean is the site ofsome of the most dynamically varying-. large marine ecosystems (LMEs) that exist on our planet.
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LAW of the SEA (National Legislation) © DOALOS/OLA
Page 1 Presidential Proclamation of 15 January 1977 in pursuance of Maritime Zones Law No. 22 of 1 September 1976 WHEREAS the national State Assembly has enacted the Maritime Zones Law, No. 22 of 1976, which provides for the declaration of the territorial sea and other maritime zones of Sri Lanka and all other matters connected therewith or incidental thereto; AND WHEREAS it has become necessary to declare in accordance with the provisions of the said Maritime Zones Law the extends respectively, of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the pollution prevention zone and the historic waters; NOW THEREFORE, I, William Gopallawa, President of the Republic of Sri Lanka, do by this Proclamation declare, in pursuance of the powers vested in me by section 2,4, 5, 7 and 9 respectively of the Maritime Zones Law, No. 22 of 1976: (1) That the territorial sea of Sri Lanka shall, notwithstanding anything in any prior proclamation declaring the territorial sea of Sri Lanka, and except as provided in paragraph 7 (iii) hereof, extend to the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles measured from the baselines described in paragraph (2); (2) that the breadth of the territorial sea shall be measured from the low-water mark of ordinary spring tides along the coast of the mainland and along the seaward edge of islands: Provided that for the purpose of determining the baselines for delimiting the territorial sea: (i) a low-tide elevation which lies wholly or partly within the breadth of sea which would be territorial sea if all
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Deep-Sea Drilling in the Northern Indian Ocean: India's Science Plans
DDEEEEPP‐‐SSEEAA DDRRIILLLLIINNGG IINN TTHHEE NNOORRTTHHEERRNN IINNDDIIAANN OOCCEEAANN:: IINNDDIIAA’’SS SSCCIIEENNCCEE PPLLAANNSS National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (Ministry of Earth Sciences) Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804 2 © NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ANTARCTIC AND OCEAN RESEARCH, 2010 IODP Science Plan Draft Version 1/Jan.2010 3 PREFACE Secretary MoES Message Director, NCAOR Message IODP Science Plan 4 OUTLINED Left intentionally blank IODP Science Plan Draft Version 1/Jan.2010 5 CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW Earth’s evolutionary history through the geologic time has been distinctly recorded in the rocks on its surface as well as at depths. The seafloor sediments and extrusive volcanic rocks represent the most recent snapshot of geological events. Beneath this cover, buried in sedimentary sections and the underlying crust, is a rich history of the waxing and waning of glaciers, the creation and aging of oceanic lithosphere, the evolution and extinction of microorganisms and the building and erosion of continents. The scientific ocean drilling has explored this history in increasing detail for several decades. As a consequence, we have learnt about the complexity of the processes that control crustal formation, earthquake generation, ocean circulation and chemistry, and global climate change. The Ocean Drilling has also elucidated on the deep marine sediments, mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal circulations and many more significant regimes where microbes thrive and natural resources accumulate. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) began in 2003, envisaged as an ambitious expansion of exploration beneath the oceans. The IODP is an international marine research endeavor that explores Earth's structure and history recorded in oceanic sediments and rocks and monitors sub-sea floor environments.
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SESSION I : Geographical Names and Sea Names
The 14th International Seminar on Sea Names Geography, Sea Names, and Undersea Feature Names Types of the International Standardization of Sea Names: Some Clues for the Name East Sea* Sungjae Choo (Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kyung-Hee University Seoul 130-701, KOREA E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract : This study aims to categorize and analyze internationally standardized sea names based on their origins. Especially noting the cases of sea names using country names and dual naming of seas, it draws some implications for complementing logics for the name East Sea. Of the 110 names for 98 bodies of water listed in the book titled Limits of Oceans and Seas, the most prevalent cases are named after adjacent geographical features; followed by commemorative names after persons, directions, and characteristics of seas. These international practices of naming seas are contrary to Japan's argument for the principle of using the name of archipelago or peninsula. There are several cases of using a single name of country in naming a sea bordering more than two countries, with no serious disputes. This implies that a specific focus should be given to peculiar situation that the name East Sea contains, rather than the negative side of using single country name. In order to strengthen the logic for justifying dual naming, it is suggested, an appropriate reference should be made to the three newly adopted cases of dual names, in the respects of the history of the surrounding region and the names, people's perception, power structure of the relevant countries, and the process of the standardization of dual names.
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Lakshadweep) Sea As Observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner
Seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton pigment in the Laccadive (Lakshadweep) Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner Lisa Jade Lierheimer1 and Karl Banse2 1U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of International Affairs, Division of Management Authority, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22046 2Corresponding author: School of Oceanography, Box 357940, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195{7940, U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] Based on Coastal Zone Color Scanner data from November 1978 through December 1981, the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton pigment in the upper part of the euphotic zone is established for the offshore Laccadive Sea. Year-round, the pigment content is low and the seasonal range is small, following the pattern of the nutrient-poor Arabian Sea to the west. Apparently, indigenous phytoplankton blooms are absent. July and August, however, were poorly studied because of cloud cover. Interannual differences during the northeast monsoon and the spring intermonsoon periods are minor. The abundant phytoplankton caused by the upwelling off India during the southwest monsoon remains essentially restricted to the shelf, but there are occasional large, zonal outbreaks into the Laccadive Sea, as well as others advected to the south of India. Visual inspection of the raw CZCS scenes for June through November 1982{1985, with almost no data until August or even September, shows such outbreaks of pigment-rich water to be common. Inspection of monthly SeaWiFS images for 1997 through part of 2001 confirms the absence of indigenous phytoplankton blooms. 1. Introduction cipitation, and is subject to seasonal reversal of surface currents.
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